Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100226
Emma Doherty , Sophie Dilworth , John Wiggers , Luke Wolfenden , Angie Wilson , Cathy Leane , Natasha Schranz , Judy Parish , Monique Reardon , Belinda Tully , Jenna Hollis , Justine Daly , Melanie Kingsland
Objective
To examine the proportion of pregnant people meeting preventive health guideline recommendations in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania.
Methods
Cross-sectional surveys of pregnant people attending public maternity services were conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Participants were asked about their preventive health risks during pregnancy, including tobacco smoking, e-cigarette use, alcohol consumption, gestational weight gain, dietary intake and physical activity.
Results
In total, 1064 surveys were completed. Smoking during pregnancy was reported by 10.5% of participants in New South Wales, 7.8% in South Australia and 18.0% in Tasmania. Most participants (95.2%-96.1%) reported that they did not currently consume alcohol. In each region, the majority of participants were currently gaining gestational weight outside recommended ranges (65.0%-70.2%) and not meeting minimum recommendations regarding intake of core food groups (except for fruit) and physical activity (65.2%-75.6%).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates a need for greater access to evidence-based interventions to support people reduce their preventive health risks in pregnancy and in turn achieve positive outcomes for themselves and their babies.
Implications for Public Health
The findings can inform region-based needs and prioritisation of support for addressing preventive health risks in pregnancy.
{"title":"Preventive health risks in pregnancy: Cross-sectional prevalence survey in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania","authors":"Emma Doherty , Sophie Dilworth , John Wiggers , Luke Wolfenden , Angie Wilson , Cathy Leane , Natasha Schranz , Judy Parish , Monique Reardon , Belinda Tully , Jenna Hollis , Justine Daly , Melanie Kingsland","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the proportion of pregnant people meeting preventive health guideline recommendations in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional surveys of pregnant people attending public maternity services were conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Participants were asked about their preventive health risks during pregnancy, including tobacco smoking, e-cigarette use, alcohol consumption, gestational weight gain, dietary intake and physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 1064 surveys were completed. Smoking during pregnancy was reported by 10.5% of participants in New South Wales, 7.8% in South Australia and 18.0% in Tasmania. Most participants (95.2%-96.1%) reported that they did not currently consume alcohol. In each region, the majority of participants were currently gaining gestational weight outside recommended ranges (65.0%-70.2%) and not meeting minimum recommendations regarding intake of core food groups (except for fruit) and physical activity (65.2%-75.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates a need for greater access to evidence-based interventions to support people reduce their preventive health risks in pregnancy and in turn achieve positive outcomes for themselves and their babies.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>The findings can inform region-based needs and prioritisation of support for addressing preventive health risks in pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100223
Matthew Ryan , Danielle L. Baird , Gilly A. Hendrie
Objective
In Australia, ‘improving access to and the consumption of a healthy diet’ is a focus in the National Preventive Health Strategy. The objective of this paper is to describe the past trends and future projections of population intakes against the Strategy’s targets of increasing fruit consumption to 2 servings per day; increasing vegetables to 5 servings; and reducing discretionary foods to <20% of total energy by 2030.
Methods
Self-reported intake data were available from an online survey of 275,170 Australian adults collected between 2015 and 2023. Dietary intake was modelled for sex and four age groups and forecasted towards 2030 using gamma-generalised linear models.
Results
By 2030, fruit intake is predicted to decrease by 9.7%, discretionary food intake predicted to increase by 18.3%, and vegetable intake predicted to remain stable (but well short of national targets). Differences by sex and age group included an increase in fruit predicted for 18-30 year-olds, and a decrease in vegetables for females but an increase for males.
Conclusions
Without significant intervention, it will be difficult to meet Australia’s preventive health dietary targets.
Implications for Public Health
Continuous monitoring will be important to inform targeted interventions to improve diet quality and health outcomes.
{"title":"Fruit, vegetables and discretionary food intake in Australian adults: Past trends and predicted progress towards population preventive health targets for 2030","authors":"Matthew Ryan , Danielle L. Baird , Gilly A. Hendrie","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In Australia, <em>‘improving access to and the consumption of a healthy diet</em>’ is a focus in the National Preventive Health Strategy. The objective of this paper is to describe the past trends and future projections of population intakes against the Strategy’s targets of increasing fruit consumption to 2 servings per day; increasing vegetables to 5 servings; and reducing discretionary foods to <20% of total energy by 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self-reported intake data were available from an online survey of 275,170 Australian adults collected between 2015 and 2023. Dietary intake was modelled for sex and four age groups and forecasted towards 2030 using gamma-generalised linear models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By 2030, fruit intake is predicted to decrease by 9.7%, discretionary food intake predicted to increase by 18.3%, and vegetable intake predicted to remain stable (but well short of national targets). Differences by sex and age group included an increase in fruit predicted for 18-30 year-olds, and a decrease in vegetables for females but an increase for males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Without significant intervention, it will be difficult to meet Australia’s preventive health dietary targets.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Continuous monitoring will be important to inform targeted interventions to improve diet quality and health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100233
Emily Banks , Michelle Scollo , Coral Gartner , Becky Freeman , Sinan Brown , Sai Campbell , Amelia Yazidjoglou , the National E-cigarette Monitoring and Evidence Consortium
{"title":"National E-cigarette Monitoring and Evidence Consortium: Supporting informed research, policy and practice in Australia","authors":"Emily Banks , Michelle Scollo , Coral Gartner , Becky Freeman , Sinan Brown , Sai Campbell , Amelia Yazidjoglou , the National E-cigarette Monitoring and Evidence Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100211
Carmen Vargas , Kathryn Backholer , Jacqueline Monaghan , Kate Parker , Chanel Relf , Todd Wallace , Julian Fang , Christina Zorbas
Objectives
To understand how fruit and vegetable prices in regional Victoria, Australia, vary depending on growing location, retailer type, socioeconomic area and remoteness level.
Methods
A feasibility study was conducted to collect and examine fruit and vegetable prices in Loddon Campaspe based on growing location and store characteristics. Statistical analyses were used to test the significance of price differences according to these area-level characteristics.
Results
Fruit and vegetable prices were collected from 65 vendors between February and May 2023. Fruit or vegetable options were typically similar in price when locally grown compared to when grown elsewhere but were often cheapest at large supermarkets. No consistent relationships were found between fruit and vegetable prices and area-level socioeconomic position or remoteness.
Conclusions
With the exception of fruit and vegetable prices often being cheaper at supermarkets than small retailers, no other consistent relationships were observed in the context of our study.
Implications for Public Health
Addressing fruit and vegetable prices and their affordability, including through policies and research that target small retailers, income supports, and localised food systems initiatives are likely to be important leverage points to reduce regional inequities in access to healthy diets in Victoria.
{"title":"Comparing regional Australian fruit and vegetable prices according to growing location and retail characteristics","authors":"Carmen Vargas , Kathryn Backholer , Jacqueline Monaghan , Kate Parker , Chanel Relf , Todd Wallace , Julian Fang , Christina Zorbas","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To understand how fruit and vegetable prices in regional Victoria, Australia, vary depending on growing location, retailer type, socioeconomic area and remoteness level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A feasibility study was conducted to collect and examine fruit and vegetable prices in Loddon Campaspe based on growing location and store characteristics. Statistical analyses were used to test the significance of price differences according to these area-level characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fruit and vegetable prices were collected from 65 vendors between February and May 2023. Fruit or vegetable options were typically similar in price when locally grown compared to when grown elsewhere but were often cheapest at large supermarkets. No consistent relationships were found between fruit and vegetable prices and area-level socioeconomic position or remoteness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>With the exception of fruit and vegetable prices often being cheaper at supermarkets than small retailers, no other consistent relationships were observed in the context of our study.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Addressing fruit and vegetable prices and their affordability, including through policies and research that target small retailers, income supports, and localised food systems initiatives are likely to be important leverage points to reduce regional inequities in access to healthy diets in Victoria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100225
Bridie Osman , Matthew Sunderland , Emma K. Devine , Louise Thornton , Felice Jacka , Maree Teesson
Objective
Amongst Australian youth, there is currently a lack of understanding of the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions and links with modifiable lifestyle behaviours, mental health and other socio-demographics. This paper aims to address this gap.
Methods
Australian adolescents (N = 5014, Mage=14.7, SD=0.80) completed a self-report survey assessing noncommunicable diseases/developmental conditions, sex, socio-economic status (SES), lifestyle behaviours and mental health. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between these variables. The moderating effects of sex and SES were investigated by including interaction terms in each regression model.
Results
45.6% adolescents reported ≥1 noncommunicable disease/developmental condition. Being female, consuming more sugar-sweetened beverages, ultra-processed foods, or alcohol, participating in more screen time, having depression, anxiety or psychological distress were each associated with higher rates of having at least one disease/condition (p<0.01). Sex and SES significantly moderated the associations between some lifestyle behaviours and eight diseases/conditions were examined.
Conclusion
Australian adolescents experience considerable rates of noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions, highlighting the significance of this public health issue.
Implications for public health
Links with lifestyle behaviours and mental health highlight their potential importance in public health to assist with prevention and treatment of these common and emerging noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions in adolescents.
{"title":"Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions in 5014 Australian adolescents, and their correlations with diet, other lifestyle behaviours and mental health","authors":"Bridie Osman , Matthew Sunderland , Emma K. Devine , Louise Thornton , Felice Jacka , Maree Teesson","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Amongst Australian youth, there is currently a lack of understanding of the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions and links with modifiable lifestyle behaviours, mental health and other socio-demographics. This paper aims to address this gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Australian adolescents (N = 5014, Mage=14.7, SD=0.80) completed a self-report survey assessing noncommunicable diseases/developmental conditions, sex, socio-economic status (SES), lifestyle behaviours and mental health. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between these variables. The moderating effects of sex and SES were investigated by including interaction terms in each regression model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>45.6% adolescents reported ≥1 noncommunicable disease/developmental condition. Being female, consuming more sugar-sweetened beverages, ultra-processed foods, or alcohol, participating in more screen time, having depression, anxiety or psychological distress were each associated with higher rates of having at least one disease/condition (<em>p</em><0.01). Sex and SES significantly moderated the associations between some lifestyle behaviours and eight diseases/conditions were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Australian adolescents experience considerable rates of noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions, highlighting the significance of this public health issue.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>Links with lifestyle behaviours and mental health highlight their potential importance in public health to assist with prevention and treatment of these common and emerging noncommunicable diseases and developmental conditions in adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100230
Claire Wilkinson
{"title":"“There’s many a slip between cup and lip” …. As there is between package and sale","authors":"Claire Wilkinson","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100229
Jacqueline A. Richmond , Christine Roder , Chris Hair , Amanda J. Wade , Jack Wallace
Objective
Australia is not on track to achieve national hepatitis B elimination care targets. Many low hepatitis B prevalence Australian regions have disproportionately lower care uptake rates than higher-prevalence regions. This study aimed to determine enablers to providing care in a low hepatitis B prevalence region of Australia.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare workers in the Barwon South West region of Victoria, Australia, to identify their perspectives on hepatitis B care and service delivery.
Results
Between August and November 2023, 20 participants were interviewed including nine general practitioners, four nurses, three specialists, three interpreters, and one refugee worker. Hepatitis B was understood as a rare, complex condition. The increasing pressure on general practitioners to manage specialist health conditions affected their willingness to manage hepatitis B. Enablers included specialist nurses providing case management and developing systematic links between specialist clinic staff and general practitioners. A localised community of practice would build general practitioner confidence.
Conclusions
Low-prevalence regions have unique hepatitis B care challenges. Disease prevalence needs to be considered when implementing decentralised models of care, with infrequent exposure challenging general practitioner confidence and skill maintenance.
Implications for Public Health
The model for community-based hepatitis B care should be guided by prevalence and regional population characteristics and supported by enabling infrastructure.
{"title":"One size does not fit all: healthcare worker perspectives on hepatitis B models of care in a low-prevalence region in Australia","authors":"Jacqueline A. Richmond , Christine Roder , Chris Hair , Amanda J. Wade , Jack Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Australia is not on track to achieve national hepatitis B elimination care targets. Many low hepatitis B prevalence Australian regions have disproportionately lower care uptake rates than higher-prevalence regions. This study aimed to determine enablers to providing care in a low hepatitis B prevalence region of Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare workers in the Barwon South West region of Victoria, Australia, to identify their perspectives on hepatitis B care and service delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between August and November 2023, 20 participants were interviewed including nine general practitioners, four nurses, three specialists, three interpreters, and one refugee worker. Hepatitis B was understood as a rare, complex condition. The increasing pressure on general practitioners to manage specialist health conditions affected their willingness to manage hepatitis B. Enablers included specialist nurses providing case management and developing systematic links between specialist clinic staff and general practitioners. A localised community of practice would build general practitioner confidence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low-prevalence regions have unique hepatitis B care challenges. Disease prevalence needs to be considered when implementing decentralised models of care, with infrequent exposure challenging general practitioner confidence and skill maintenance.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>The model for community-based hepatitis B care should be guided by prevalence and regional population characteristics and supported by enabling infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100228
Maria Gabriela Uribe Guajardo , Corey Moore , Vicki Giannopoulos , Hueiming Liu , Amber Tickle , Pejman Adily , Ferdinand C. Mukumbang , Emma Quinn , Michelle Cunich , Ilan Katz , Andrew Page , Susan Wolfenden , James Gillespie , Paul Haber , Andrew Wilson , Leena Gupta , John Eastwood , Carmen Huckel Schneider
Objective
To investigate the impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health measures.
Methods
Aggregated data from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System linked to Australian Census data, by periods of strict and relaxed measures, were used.
Results
During strict measures, residents of areas of lower socioeconomic status (SES) had a higher risk of infection, with the lowest areas having greater risk compared with the highest areas ((hazard ratio (HR)) 7.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.24-8.19). The risk of infection was lower for those aged 40 and over and was higher for males (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.40); those in living in areas with larger household sizes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 36-1.78); and individuals in areas with a large proportion of residents born in South Asia (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07-1.29), South East Asia (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36) and the Middle East and North Africa (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.47-1.90). During relaxed restrictions, the impact of variables attenuated but remained significant.
Conclusions
Minorities, those residing in lower SES areas and those living in larger households had worse COVID-19 outcomes during strict public health measures.
Implications for Public Health
Decision-makers should tailor services to avoid inequities.
目的探讨居民背景社会经济和人口统计学特征对公共卫生措施期间COVID-19结局的影响。方法采用新南威尔士州应通报条件信息管理系统中与澳大利亚人口普查数据相关联的汇总数据，按严格和宽松措施的时期进行分析。结果在严格防控措施实施期间，社会经济地位较低地区的居民感染风险较高，社会经济地位最低地区的感染风险高于社会经济地位最高地区（风险比（HR） 7.15, 95%可信区间（CI） 6.24 ~ 8.19）。40岁及以上人群感染风险较低，男性较高（HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.40）；居住在家庭规模较大地区的人（HR 1.56, 95% CI 36-1.78）；以及在南亚出生的居民占很大比例的地区的个人(HR 1.18；95% CI 1.07-1.29)，东南亚（HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36）以及中东和北非（HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.47-1.90）。在放宽限制期间，变量的影响减弱，但仍然显著。结论在严格的公共卫生措施下，少数民族、社会经济地位较低地区和家庭人口较多的人群的COVID-19预后较差。对公共卫生的影响决策者应调整服务以避免不公平现象。
{"title":"The impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health restrictions in Sydney, Australia","authors":"Maria Gabriela Uribe Guajardo , Corey Moore , Vicki Giannopoulos , Hueiming Liu , Amber Tickle , Pejman Adily , Ferdinand C. Mukumbang , Emma Quinn , Michelle Cunich , Ilan Katz , Andrew Page , Susan Wolfenden , James Gillespie , Paul Haber , Andrew Wilson , Leena Gupta , John Eastwood , Carmen Huckel Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Aggregated data from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System linked to Australian Census data, by periods of strict and relaxed measures, were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During strict measures, residents of areas of lower socioeconomic status (SES) had a higher risk of infection, with the lowest areas having greater risk compared with the highest areas ((hazard ratio (HR)) 7.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.24-8.19). The risk of infection was lower for those aged 40 and over and was higher for males (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.40); those in living in areas with larger household sizes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 36-1.78); and individuals in areas with a large proportion of residents born in South Asia (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07-1.29), South East Asia (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36) and the Middle East and North Africa (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.47-1.90). During relaxed restrictions, the impact of variables attenuated but remained significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Minorities, those residing in lower SES areas and those living in larger households had worse COVID-19 outcomes during strict public health measures.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Decision-makers should tailor services to avoid inequities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100221
Alexandra C. Manson , Rebecca K. Golley , Dimity C. Dutch , Brittany J. Johnson
Objective
Interest in national adoption of school-provided meals is growing across Australia; however, parent perspectives are not well understood. This study aimed to understand the most important features of a potential school-provided meal system to parents of primary school children in Australia.
Methods
Virtual Nominal Group Technique workshops with Australian caregivers of primary school-aged children were held to identify, discuss and prioritise features. Discussions were noted and collated collaboratively with participants, with quotes collected. Top voted features were scored using relative importance.
Results
Five workshops with 25 total participants identified 28 diverse features, with interest in a comprehensive, well-designed system. Priority features were nutrition (importance score 0.46), cost (0.42), stigma considerations (0.32), catering to dietary requirements (0.29) and sustainability and waste (0.25).
Conclusions
Findings demonstrated the diverse considerations for a parent-accepted school-provided meal. Prioritised features align with initiatives internationally and locally, indicating feasible strategies to inform an acceptable Australian school food transformation.
Implications for public health
Provision of universally available, accessible and nutritious meals aligns with parent values and creates opportunity for public health impact. Findings can be used to inform the design of school food programs, supported by implementation strategies used internationally and locally, conducive to optimum child and parent health outcomes.
{"title":"“Not just students in need”: Findings from a nominal group technique study of what parents want in an Australian school-provided meal system","authors":"Alexandra C. Manson , Rebecca K. Golley , Dimity C. Dutch , Brittany J. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Interest in national adoption of school-provided meals is growing across Australia; however, parent perspectives are not well understood. This study aimed to understand the most important features of a potential school-provided meal system to parents of primary school children in Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Virtual Nominal Group Technique workshops with Australian caregivers of primary school-aged children were held to identify, discuss and prioritise features. Discussions were noted and collated collaboratively with participants, with quotes collected. Top voted features were scored using relative importance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five workshops with 25 total participants identified 28 diverse features, with interest in a comprehensive, well-designed system. Priority features were nutrition (importance score 0.46), cost (0.42), stigma considerations (0.32), catering to dietary requirements (0.29) and sustainability and waste (0.25).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings demonstrated the diverse considerations for a parent-accepted school-provided meal. Prioritised features align with initiatives internationally and locally, indicating feasible strategies to inform an acceptable Australian school food transformation.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>Provision of universally available, accessible and nutritious meals aligns with parent values and creates opportunity for public health impact. Findings can be used to inform the design of school food programs, supported by implementation strategies used internationally and locally, conducive to optimum child and parent health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100212
Edwina Mead , Chen-Chun Shu , Pooria Sarrami , Rona Macniven , Amy E. Peden
Objective
To quantify drowning rates and fatal to non-fatal drowning ratios on public holidays, school holidays, weekdays and long weekends in New South Wales from January 2010 to June 2022.
Methods
Using a linked administrative dataset comprising ambulance (paper-based and electronic records), emergency department presentations and death registry, rates of drowning and ratios of fatal to non-fatal drowning were calculated.
Results
Across 4,161 total drowning incidents, public holidays (14.21 incidents/100,000 person-years) and weekends (6.77 incidents/100,000 person-years) had higher population-normalised incident rates than regular weekdays (3.18 incidents/100,000 person-years). School holidays (8.58 incidents/100,000 person-years) recorded higher rates than non-school holiday days (3.46 incidents/100,000 person-years). New Year’s Day and Australia Day accounted for 4.7% of all incidents (n=197 incidents). Drowning during school holidays was higher than non-school holiday days across all seasons, aside from winter school holidays.
Conclusions
Drowning risk is higher on days typically associated with greater leisure time. This study adds to the growing literature identifying temporal variation in drowning risk and is the first to use linked data.
Implications for Public Health
Those tasked with supervising aquatic locations and the provision of water safety messaging should consider the targeted strategies for holidays and weekends such as extended patrols and media-based risk communication.
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