Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health最新文献_第8页

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and positive treponemal serology in Solomon Islands guest workers in Australia 澳大利亚所罗门群岛客工性传播感染流行率及梅毒螺旋体阳性血清学

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100241

Mikaela Seymour , Sean O’Connor , Levi Hou , Sarai Tafa , Sarat Tata , Nicholas Smoll , Stefanie Vaccher , Annie Preston-Thomas , Nishila Moodley

Objectives

The burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Pacific guest workers in Australia is currently unknown. Our study determined the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and treponemal infection in a group of predominately Solomon Islands guest workers in Australia in 2023. In addition, we sought to understand the effect of sex, age and type of sexual activity on the risk of STIs in this population group.

Methods

Workers under one employer were offered chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine polymerase chain reaction testing, treponemal serology with reflex rapid plasma reagin testing, and HIV testing via antibody/antigen detection. Descriptive analyses identified population characteristics and infection frequencies. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of diagnosis, reported as odds ratios.

Results

The participation rate was 93% (n=391). The median age was 31.9 years (interquartile range: 22.9–40.9) and 86.5% were male. Chlamydia (18.5%) and gonorrhoea (1.8%) were common among guest workers. No cases of HIV were diagnosed. Treponemal-specific reactive tests (48.5%) suggested yaws or syphilis exposure despite being asymptomatic, with 37.1% of these having an rapid plasma reagin titre equal to or exceeding 1:16. Women were 3.71 times more likely to have chlamydia [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-6.93].

Conclusion

High rates of chlamydia and positive treponemal serology may reflect high rates of untreated STIs.

Implications for Public Health

This unique dataset guides potential screening programs for Pacific guest workers to complement existing education programs.

目的澳大利亚太平洋地区外来务工人员的性传播感染负担目前尚不清楚。我们的研究确定了衣原体、淋病、艾滋病毒和螺旋体感染在2023年澳大利亚所罗门群岛一组主要外来工人中的流行情况。此外，我们试图了解性别、年龄和性活动类型对这一人群中性传播感染风险的影响。方法对某单位职工进行衣原体、淋病尿聚合酶链反应检测、螺旋体血清学反射性快速血浆反应素检测、HIV抗体/抗原检测。描述性分析确定了人群特征和感染频率。逻辑回归用于估计诊断的可能性，报告为优势比。结果391例患者的参与率为93%。中位年龄为31.9岁（四分位数间距为22.9-40.9），86.5%为男性。外来工中常见的有衣原体（18.5%）和淋病（1.8%）。没有诊断出艾滋病毒病例。密螺旋体特异性反应试验（48.5%）表明，尽管无症状，但有雅司病或梅毒暴露，其中37.1%的人血浆快速反应滴度等于或超过1:16。女性感染衣原体的可能性是男性的3.71倍[95%可信区间（CI） 1.97-6.93]。结论衣原体和梅毒螺旋体阳性血清学检出率高可能反映了性传播感染未治疗率高。这一独特的数据集指导了太平洋外来工的潜在筛查计划，以补充现有的教育计划。

{"title":"Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and positive treponemal serology in Solomon Islands guest workers in Australia","authors":"Mikaela Seymour , Sean O’Connor , Levi Hou , Sarai Tafa , Sarat Tata , Nicholas Smoll , Stefanie Vaccher , Annie Preston-Thomas , Nishila Moodley","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Pacific guest workers in Australia is currently unknown. Our study determined the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and treponemal infection in a group of predominately Solomon Islands guest workers in Australia in 2023. In addition, we sought to understand the effect of sex, age and type of sexual activity on the risk of STIs in this population group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Workers under one employer were offered chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine polymerase chain reaction testing, treponemal serology with reflex rapid plasma reagin testing, and HIV testing via antibody/antigen detection. Descriptive analyses identified population characteristics and infection frequencies. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of diagnosis, reported as odds ratios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participation rate was 93% (n=391). The median age was 31.9 years (interquartile range: 22.9–40.9) and 86.5% were male. Chlamydia (18.5%) and gonorrhoea (1.8%) were common among guest workers. No cases of HIV were diagnosed. Treponemal-specific reactive tests (48.5%) suggested yaws or syphilis exposure despite being asymptomatic, with 37.1% of these having an rapid plasma reagin titre equal to or exceeding 1:16. Women were 3.71 times more likely to have chlamydia [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-6.93].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High rates of chlamydia and positive treponemal serology may reflect high rates of untreated STIs.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>This unique dataset guides potential screening programs for Pacific guest workers to complement existing education programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vape shops on the way to school: Geographical analysis of the proximity of specialist vape retailers to New Zealand schools 学校路上的电子烟商店：新西兰学校附近专业电子烟零售商的地理分析。

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100235

Ronan Payinda, Eun Soo Chung, Jessie Colbert, Daniel Exeter, Chris Bullen

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the proximity of existing specialist vape retailers to schools in New Zealand.

Methods

Specialist vape retailers were mapped, and accessibility to them from schools was calculated across New Zealand.

Results

Thirteen percent of New Zealand’s schools have at least one specialist vape retailer within 300 m. Forty-four percent of New Zealand’s schools have at least one specialist vape retailer within 1 km. This means that almost half of schools had a specialist vape retailer within a 10-minute walking distance.

Conclusions

There is a high density of specialist vape retailers around New Zealand schools, where children are likely to see the stores and window displays on their journey to and from school.

Implications for Public Health

Vaping products have a wide accessibility to many school students in New Zealand. The high exposure to specialist vape retailers on the way to and from school needs to be regulated to minimise youth uptake of vaping.

目的：本研究旨在调查新西兰现有专业电子烟零售商与学校的接近程度。方法：绘制了专业电子烟零售商的地图，并计算了新西兰各地学校对他们的可及性。结果：新西兰13%的学校在300米范围内至少有一家专业电子烟零售商。新西兰44%的学校在一公里范围内至少有一家专业电子烟零售商。这意味着，几乎一半的学校在步行10分钟的范围内有一家专业的电子烟零售商。结论：新西兰学校周围有高密度的专业电子烟零售商，孩子们在上学和放学的路上很可能会看到这些商店和橱窗展示。对公众健康的影响：在新西兰，许多学生都能广泛接触到电子烟产品。在上学和放学的路上接触专业电子烟零售商的行为需要受到监管，以尽量减少青少年对电子烟的吸收。

{"title":"Vape shops on the way to school: Geographical analysis of the proximity of specialist vape retailers to New Zealand schools","authors":"Ronan Payinda, Eun Soo Chung, Jessie Colbert, Daniel Exeter, Chris Bullen","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the proximity of existing specialist vape retailers to schools in New Zealand.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Specialist vape retailers were mapped, and accessibility to them from schools was calculated across New Zealand.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen percent of New Zealand’s schools have at least one specialist vape retailer within 300 m. Forty-four percent of New Zealand’s schools have at least one specialist vape retailer within 1 km. This means that almost half of schools had a specialist vape retailer within a 10-minute walking distance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is a high density of specialist vape retailers around New Zealand schools, where children are likely to see the stores and window displays on their journey to and from school.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Vaping products have a wide accessibility to many school students in New Zealand. The high exposure to specialist vape retailers on the way to and from school needs to be regulated to minimise youth uptake of vaping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bottle feeding to sleep beyond 12 months is associated with higher risk of tooth decay and overweight in Australian children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids cohort study 奶瓶喂养超过12个月的睡眠与澳大利亚儿童蛀牙和超重的风险增加有关：来自健康微笑健康儿童队列研究的发现。

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100224

Heilok Cheng , James John , Jane Scott , Elizabeth Denney-Wilson , Loc Do , Sameer Bhole , Louise Baur , Amit Arora

Objective

Bottle feeding to sleep may increase early childhood caries (ECC) and overweight risk through sugar exposure and overfeeding. This study examined the association between feeding to sleep at 24 and 36 months on both ECC and overweight at 3-4 years.

Methods

Participants were children in the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids longitudinal birth cohort. Exposure was bottle feeding to sleep at 24 and 36 months. Outcomes were ECC (prevalence; number of caries-affected tooth surfaces, dmfs) and overweight at 3-4 years.

Results

718 and 729 children had dental examinations and anthropometric measurements, respectively. 30.3% and 21.7% of children were bottle-fed to sleep at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Feeding to sleep at 24 months was associated with higher odds of overweight (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.06-3.38) and moderately associated with higher caries (dmfs 1.48, 95%CI 1.00-2.20). Feeding to sleep at 36 months was associated with higher caries (dmfs 1.88, 95%CI 1.22-2.91).

Conclusions

Feeding to sleep was associated with higher odds of overweight and higher numbers of caries-affected tooth surfaces. Communicating appropriate sleep, settling and bottle cessation methods throughout early childhood may prevent ECC and overweight.

Implications for Public Health

Early interventions addressing bottle feeding could reduce the dual burden of ECC and obesity.

目的：奶瓶喂养可能通过糖暴露和过度喂养增加儿童早期龋齿（ECC）和超重风险。这项研究调查了24个月和36个月时进食到睡觉与3-4岁时超重之间的关系。方法：参与者为健康微笑健康儿童纵向出生队列中的儿童。分别在24个月和36个月大时用奶瓶喂养。结果为ECC(患病率；3-4岁时受龋齿影响的牙面数目（dmfs）和超重。结果：718名儿童进行了口腔检查，729名儿童进行了人体测量。分别有30.3%和21.7%的孩子在24个月和36个月时用奶瓶喂养入睡。24个月时喂养睡眠与较高的超重几率相关（OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.06-3.38），与较高的龋齿发生率中度相关（dmfs 1.48, 95%CI 1.00-2.20）。36月龄喂养至睡眠与较高的龋齿相关（dmfs 1.88, 95%CI 1.22-2.91）。结论：睡觉前进食与超重的几率和受龋齿影响的牙面数量增加有关。在儿童早期传播适当的睡眠、安定和停止奶瓶的方法可以预防ECC和超重。对公共卫生的影响：解决奶瓶喂养的早期干预措施可以减轻ECC和肥胖的双重负担。

{"title":"Bottle feeding to sleep beyond 12 months is associated with higher risk of tooth decay and overweight in Australian children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids cohort study","authors":"Heilok Cheng , James John , Jane Scott , Elizabeth Denney-Wilson , Loc Do , Sameer Bhole , Louise Baur , Amit Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Bottle feeding to sleep may increase early childhood caries (ECC) and overweight risk through sugar exposure and overfeeding. This study examined the association between feeding to sleep at 24 and 36 months on both ECC and overweight at 3-4 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were children in the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids longitudinal birth cohort. Exposure was bottle feeding to sleep at 24 and 36 months. Outcomes were ECC (prevalence; number of caries-affected tooth surfaces, dmfs) and overweight at 3-4 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>718 and 729 children had dental examinations and anthropometric measurements, respectively. 30.3% and 21.7% of children were bottle-fed to sleep at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Feeding to sleep at 24 months was associated with higher odds of overweight (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.06-3.38) and moderately associated with higher caries (dmfs 1.48, 95%CI 1.00-2.20). Feeding to sleep at 36 months was associated with higher caries (dmfs 1.88, 95%CI 1.22-2.91).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Feeding to sleep was associated with higher odds of overweight and higher numbers of caries-affected tooth surfaces. Communicating appropriate sleep, settling and bottle cessation methods throughout early childhood may prevent ECC and overweight.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Early interventions addressing bottle feeding could reduce the dual burden of ECC and obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public support for unhealthy food marketing policies in Australia: A cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study 2022 澳大利亚公众对不健康食品营销政策的支持：对 2022 年国际食品政策研究的横截面分析。

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100231

Clara Gomez-Donoso , Bridget Kelly , Florentine Martino , Adrian J. Cameron , Ana Paula C. Richter , Gary Sacks , Lana Vanderlee , Christine M. White , David Hammond , Kathryn Backholer

Objective

This study aimed to explore public opinion towards food marketing policies.

Methods

In 2022, a cross-sectional online survey was completed by 3,923 adults in Australia, including 1,152 caregivers of children aged <18 years. Concern about children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing was assessed among caregivers. Public support for seven policy options to restrict unhealthy food marketing in different media and settings (broadcast, online, outdoors, packaging and retail) was quantified. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine sociodemographic differences.

Results

Most caregivers (85%) reported some degree of concern about their child’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing. Among all respondents, there was a high level of support or neutrality (>70%) for all policies aimed at restricting unhealthy food marketing. Respondents who were female, older, highly educated, who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, perceived their monthly income as adequate or had at least one child living in the household reported higher support/neutrality towards several of the assessed policies.

Conclusions

Most Australian adults were supportive or neutral towards policies restricting unhealthy food marketing. The level of support varied depending on the policy’s target group and its setting.

Implications for Public Health

Implementing unhealthy food marketing policies in Australia would most likely have broad public support and minimal opposition.

目的：本研究旨在了解公众对食品营销政策的看法。方法：2022年，澳大利亚3923名成年人完成了一项横断面在线调查，其中包括1152名老年儿童的照顾者。结果：大多数照顾者（85%）表示对他们的孩子接触不健康食品营销有一定程度的担忧。在所有受访者中，对旨在限制不健康食品营销的所有政策都持高度支持或中立态度（70%以上）。女性、年龄较大、受过高等教育、被认定为土著和/或托雷斯海峡岛民、认为自己的月收入充足或家中至少有一个孩子的受访者对几项评估政策表示更高的支持/中立。结论：大多数澳大利亚成年人对限制不健康食品营销的政策持支持或中立态度。支持的程度取决于政策的目标群体及其设置。对公众健康的影响：在澳大利亚实施不健康食品营销政策很可能得到广泛的公众支持和最小的反对。

{"title":"Public support for unhealthy food marketing policies in Australia: A cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study 2022","authors":"Clara Gomez-Donoso , Bridget Kelly , Florentine Martino , Adrian J. Cameron , Ana Paula C. Richter , Gary Sacks , Lana Vanderlee , Christine M. White , David Hammond , Kathryn Backholer","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore public opinion towards food marketing policies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2022, a cross-sectional online survey was completed by 3,923 adults in Australia, including 1,152 caregivers of children aged <18 years. Concern about children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing was assessed among caregivers. Public support for seven policy options to restrict unhealthy food marketing in different media and settings (broadcast, online, outdoors, packaging and retail) was quantified. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine sociodemographic differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most caregivers (85%) reported some degree of concern about their child’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing. Among all respondents, there was a high level of support or neutrality (>70%) for all policies aimed at restricting unhealthy food marketing. Respondents who were female, older, highly educated, who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, perceived their monthly income as adequate or had at least one child living in the household reported higher support/neutrality towards several of the assessed policies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most Australian adults were supportive or neutral towards policies restricting unhealthy food marketing. The level of support varied depending on the policy’s target group and its setting.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Implementing unhealthy food marketing policies in Australia would most likely have broad public support and minimal opposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preventive health risks in pregnancy: Cross-sectional prevalence survey in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania 怀孕期间的预防性健康风险：新南威尔士州、南澳大利亚州和塔斯马尼亚州三个地区的横断面流行率调查。

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100226

Emma Doherty , Sophie Dilworth , John Wiggers , Luke Wolfenden , Angie Wilson , Cathy Leane , Natasha Schranz , Judy Parish , Monique Reardon , Belinda Tully , Jenna Hollis , Justine Daly , Melanie Kingsland

Objective

To examine the proportion of pregnant people meeting preventive health guideline recommendations in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania.

Methods

Cross-sectional surveys of pregnant people attending public maternity services were conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Participants were asked about their preventive health risks during pregnancy, including tobacco smoking, e-cigarette use, alcohol consumption, gestational weight gain, dietary intake and physical activity.

Results

In total, 1064 surveys were completed. Smoking during pregnancy was reported by 10.5% of participants in New South Wales, 7.8% in South Australia and 18.0% in Tasmania. Most participants (95.2%-96.1%) reported that they did not currently consume alcohol. In each region, the majority of participants were currently gaining gestational weight outside recommended ranges (65.0%-70.2%) and not meeting minimum recommendations regarding intake of core food groups (except for fruit) and physical activity (65.2%-75.6%).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a need for greater access to evidence-based interventions to support people reduce their preventive health risks in pregnancy and in turn achieve positive outcomes for themselves and their babies.

Implications for Public Health

The findings can inform region-based needs and prioritisation of support for addressing preventive health risks in pregnancy.

目的：调查新南威尔士州、南澳大利亚州和塔斯马尼亚州三个地区符合预防性健康指南建议的孕妇比例。方法：对2021年11月至2022年4月期间在公共产科服务机构就诊的孕妇进行横断面调查。参与者被问及怀孕期间的预防性健康风险，包括吸烟、使用电子烟、饮酒、妊娠期体重增加、饮食摄入和体育活动。结果：共完成问卷调查1064份。新南威尔士州10.5%的参与者在怀孕期间吸烟，南澳大利亚州7.8%，塔斯马尼亚州18.0%。大多数参与者（95.2%-96.1%）报告他们目前不饮酒。在每个地区，大多数参与者目前的妊娠体重增加超出了推荐范围（65.0%-70.2%），并且没有达到核心食物组（水果除外）摄入量和体力活动（65.2%-75.6%）的最低建议。结论：这项研究表明，需要更多地获得基于证据的干预措施，以支持人们减少怀孕期间的预防性健康风险，从而为自己和婴儿取得积极成果。对公共卫生的影响：调查结果可以为基于区域的需求提供信息，并确定支持的优先次序，以解决怀孕期间的预防性健康风险。

{"title":"Preventive health risks in pregnancy: Cross-sectional prevalence survey in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania","authors":"Emma Doherty , Sophie Dilworth , John Wiggers , Luke Wolfenden , Angie Wilson , Cathy Leane , Natasha Schranz , Judy Parish , Monique Reardon , Belinda Tully , Jenna Hollis , Justine Daly , Melanie Kingsland","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the proportion of pregnant people meeting preventive health guideline recommendations in three regions of New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional surveys of pregnant people attending public maternity services were conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Participants were asked about their preventive health risks during pregnancy, including tobacco smoking, e-cigarette use, alcohol consumption, gestational weight gain, dietary intake and physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 1064 surveys were completed. Smoking during pregnancy was reported by 10.5% of participants in New South Wales, 7.8% in South Australia and 18.0% in Tasmania. Most participants (95.2%-96.1%) reported that they did not currently consume alcohol. In each region, the majority of participants were currently gaining gestational weight outside recommended ranges (65.0%-70.2%) and not meeting minimum recommendations regarding intake of core food groups (except for fruit) and physical activity (65.2%-75.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates a need for greater access to evidence-based interventions to support people reduce their preventive health risks in pregnancy and in turn achieve positive outcomes for themselves and their babies.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>The findings can inform region-based needs and prioritisation of support for addressing preventive health risks in pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fruit, vegetables and discretionary food intake in Australian adults: Past trends and predicted progress towards population preventive health targets for 2030 澳大利亚成年人的水果、蔬菜和随意食物摄入量：实现2030年人口预防健康目标的过去趋势和预测进展。

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100223

Matthew Ryan , Danielle L. Baird , Gilly A. Hendrie

Objective

In Australia, ‘improving access to and the consumption of a healthy diet’ is a focus in the National Preventive Health Strategy. The objective of this paper is to describe the past trends and future projections of population intakes against the Strategy’s targets of increasing fruit consumption to 2 servings per day; increasing vegetables to 5 servings; and reducing discretionary foods to <20% of total energy by 2030.

Methods

Self-reported intake data were available from an online survey of 275,170 Australian adults collected between 2015 and 2023. Dietary intake was modelled for sex and four age groups and forecasted towards 2030 using gamma-generalised linear models.

Results

By 2030, fruit intake is predicted to decrease by 9.7%, discretionary food intake predicted to increase by 18.3%, and vegetable intake predicted to remain stable (but well short of national targets). Differences by sex and age group included an increase in fruit predicted for 18-30 year-olds, and a decrease in vegetables for females but an increase for males.

Conclusions

Without significant intervention, it will be difficult to meet Australia’s preventive health dietary targets.

Implications for Public Health

Continuous monitoring will be important to inform targeted interventions to improve diet quality and health outcomes.

目标：在澳大利亚，“改善获得和消费健康饮食的机会”是国家预防保健战略的一个重点。本文的目的是描述人口摄入量的过去趋势和未来预测，以实现将水果消费量增加到每天2份的战略目标；增加蔬菜至5份；方法：从2015年至2023年收集的275170名澳大利亚成年人的在线调查中获得了自我报告的摄入量数据。根据性别和四个年龄组建立饮食摄入量模型，并使用伽玛广义线性模型预测到2030年。结果：到2030年，水果摄入量预计将减少9.7%，可自由支配食物摄入量预计将增加18.3%，蔬菜摄入量预计将保持稳定（但远低于国家目标）。性别和年龄组的差异包括，18-30岁的人会增加水果摄入量，女性会减少蔬菜摄入量，而男性会增加。结论：如果没有显著的干预，将很难达到澳大利亚的预防健康饮食目标。对公共卫生的影响：持续监测对于提供有针对性的干预措施以改善饮食质量和健康结果非常重要。

{"title":"Fruit, vegetables and discretionary food intake in Australian adults: Past trends and predicted progress towards population preventive health targets for 2030","authors":"Matthew Ryan , Danielle L. Baird , Gilly A. Hendrie","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In Australia, <em>‘improving access to and the consumption of a healthy diet</em>’ is a focus in the National Preventive Health Strategy. The objective of this paper is to describe the past trends and future projections of population intakes against the Strategy’s targets of increasing fruit consumption to 2 servings per day; increasing vegetables to 5 servings; and reducing discretionary foods to <20% of total energy by 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self-reported intake data were available from an online survey of 275,170 Australian adults collected between 2015 and 2023. Dietary intake was modelled for sex and four age groups and forecasted towards 2030 using gamma-generalised linear models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By 2030, fruit intake is predicted to decrease by 9.7%, discretionary food intake predicted to increase by 18.3%, and vegetable intake predicted to remain stable (but well short of national targets). Differences by sex and age group included an increase in fruit predicted for 18-30 year-olds, and a decrease in vegetables for females but an increase for males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Without significant intervention, it will be difficult to meet Australia’s preventive health dietary targets.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Continuous monitoring will be important to inform targeted interventions to improve diet quality and health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Not just students in need”: Findings from a nominal group technique study of what parents want in an Australian school-provided meal system “不只是有需要的学生”：一项名义上的小组技术研究的结果，研究了父母对澳大利亚学校提供的膳食系统的需求

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100221

Alexandra C. Manson , Rebecca K. Golley , Dimity C. Dutch , Brittany J. Johnson

Objective

Interest in national adoption of school-provided meals is growing across Australia; however, parent perspectives are not well understood. This study aimed to understand the most important features of a potential school-provided meal system to parents of primary school children in Australia.

Methods

Virtual Nominal Group Technique workshops with Australian caregivers of primary school-aged children were held to identify, discuss and prioritise features. Discussions were noted and collated collaboratively with participants, with quotes collected. Top voted features were scored using relative importance.

Results

Five workshops with 25 total participants identified 28 diverse features, with interest in a comprehensive, well-designed system. Priority features were nutrition (importance score 0.46), cost (0.42), stigma considerations (0.32), catering to dietary requirements (0.29) and sustainability and waste (0.25).

Conclusions

Findings demonstrated the diverse considerations for a parent-accepted school-provided meal. Prioritised features align with initiatives internationally and locally, indicating feasible strategies to inform an acceptable Australian school food transformation.

Implications for public health

Provision of universally available, accessible and nutritious meals aligns with parent values and creates opportunity for public health impact. Findings can be used to inform the design of school food programs, supported by implementation strategies used internationally and locally, conducive to optimum child and parent health outcomes.

在澳大利亚，越来越多的人对在全国范围内采用学校提供的膳食感兴趣；然而，父母的观点并没有得到很好的理解。本研究旨在了解潜在的学校供餐系统对澳大利亚小学生家长的最重要特征。方法与澳大利亚小学学龄儿童看护人一起举办虚拟名义小组技术研讨会，以识别、讨论和优先考虑特征。与参与者合作记录和整理讨论，并收集引用。最受欢迎的特征使用相对重要性进行评分。结果5个研讨会共25名参与者确定了28个不同的特征，对一个全面的，设计良好的系统感兴趣。优先考虑的特征是营养（重要性得分0.46）、成本（0.42）、病耻感（0.32）、饮食需求（0.29）以及可持续性和浪费（0.25）。研究结果表明，家长接受学校提供的膳食有多种考虑因素。优先考虑的特点与国际和当地的倡议一致，表明可行的战略，告知可接受的澳大利亚学校食品转型。对公共卫生的影响提供普遍可得、可获得和营养的膳食符合父母的价值观，并创造机会对公共卫生产生影响。研究结果可用于为学校食品方案的设计提供信息，并得到国际和地方使用的实施战略的支持，有助于实现最佳的儿童和家长健康结果。

{"title":"“Not just students in need”: Findings from a nominal group technique study of what parents want in an Australian school-provided meal system","authors":"Alexandra C. Manson , Rebecca K. Golley , Dimity C. Dutch , Brittany J. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Interest in national adoption of school-provided meals is growing across Australia; however, parent perspectives are not well understood. This study aimed to understand the most important features of a potential school-provided meal system to parents of primary school children in Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Virtual Nominal Group Technique workshops with Australian caregivers of primary school-aged children were held to identify, discuss and prioritise features. Discussions were noted and collated collaboratively with participants, with quotes collected. Top voted features were scored using relative importance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five workshops with 25 total participants identified 28 diverse features, with interest in a comprehensive, well-designed system. Priority features were nutrition (importance score 0.46), cost (0.42), stigma considerations (0.32), catering to dietary requirements (0.29) and sustainability and waste (0.25).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings demonstrated the diverse considerations for a parent-accepted school-provided meal. Prioritised features align with initiatives internationally and locally, indicating feasible strategies to inform an acceptable Australian school food transformation.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>Provision of universally available, accessible and nutritious meals aligns with parent values and creates opportunity for public health impact. Findings can be used to inform the design of school food programs, supported by implementation strategies used internationally and locally, conducive to optimum child and parent health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health restrictions in Sydney, Australia 澳大利亚悉尼公共卫生限制期间居民的背景社会经济和人口统计学特征对COVID-19结果的影响

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100228

Maria Gabriela Uribe Guajardo , Corey Moore , Vicki Giannopoulos , Hueiming Liu , Amber Tickle , Pejman Adily , Ferdinand C. Mukumbang , Emma Quinn , Michelle Cunich , Ilan Katz , Andrew Page , Susan Wolfenden , James Gillespie , Paul Haber , Andrew Wilson , Leena Gupta , John Eastwood , Carmen Huckel Schneider

Objective

To investigate the impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health measures.

Methods

Aggregated data from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System linked to Australian Census data, by periods of strict and relaxed measures, were used.

Results

During strict measures, residents of areas of lower socioeconomic status (SES) had a higher risk of infection, with the lowest areas having greater risk compared with the highest areas ((hazard ratio (HR)) 7.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.24-8.19). The risk of infection was lower for those aged 40 and over and was higher for males (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.40); those in living in areas with larger household sizes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 36-1.78); and individuals in areas with a large proportion of residents born in South Asia (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07-1.29), South East Asia (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36) and the Middle East and North Africa (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.47-1.90). During relaxed restrictions, the impact of variables attenuated but remained significant.

Conclusions

Minorities, those residing in lower SES areas and those living in larger households had worse COVID-19 outcomes during strict public health measures.

Implications for Public Health

Decision-makers should tailor services to avoid inequities.

目的探讨居民背景社会经济和人口统计学特征对公共卫生措施期间COVID-19结局的影响。方法采用新南威尔士州应通报条件信息管理系统中与澳大利亚人口普查数据相关联的汇总数据，按严格和宽松措施的时期进行分析。结果在严格防控措施实施期间，社会经济地位较低地区的居民感染风险较高，社会经济地位最低地区的感染风险高于社会经济地位最高地区（风险比（HR） 7.15, 95%可信区间（CI） 6.24 ~ 8.19）。40岁及以上人群感染风险较低，男性较高（HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.40）；居住在家庭规模较大地区的人（HR 1.56, 95% CI 36-1.78）；以及在南亚出生的居民占很大比例的地区的个人(HR 1.18；95% CI 1.07-1.29)，东南亚（HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36）以及中东和北非（HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.47-1.90）。在放宽限制期间，变量的影响减弱，但仍然显著。结论在严格的公共卫生措施下，少数民族、社会经济地位较低地区和家庭人口较多的人群的COVID-19预后较差。对公共卫生的影响决策者应调整服务以避免不公平现象。

{"title":"The impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health restrictions in Sydney, Australia","authors":"Maria Gabriela Uribe Guajardo , Corey Moore , Vicki Giannopoulos , Hueiming Liu , Amber Tickle , Pejman Adily , Ferdinand C. Mukumbang , Emma Quinn , Michelle Cunich , Ilan Katz , Andrew Page , Susan Wolfenden , James Gillespie , Paul Haber , Andrew Wilson , Leena Gupta , John Eastwood , Carmen Huckel Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the impact of contextual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of residents on COVID-19 outcomes during public health measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Aggregated data from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System linked to Australian Census data, by periods of strict and relaxed measures, were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During strict measures, residents of areas of lower socioeconomic status (SES) had a higher risk of infection, with the lowest areas having greater risk compared with the highest areas ((hazard ratio (HR)) 7.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.24-8.19). The risk of infection was lower for those aged 40 and over and was higher for males (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.40); those in living in areas with larger household sizes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 36-1.78); and individuals in areas with a large proportion of residents born in South Asia (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07-1.29), South East Asia (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36) and the Middle East and North Africa (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.47-1.90). During relaxed restrictions, the impact of variables attenuated but remained significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Minorities, those residing in lower SES areas and those living in larger households had worse COVID-19 outcomes during strict public health measures.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Decision-makers should tailor services to avoid inequities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National E-cigarette Monitoring and Evidence Consortium: Supporting informed research, policy and practice in Australia 国家电子烟监测和证据联盟：支持澳大利亚的知情研究、政策和实践

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100233

Emily Banks , Michelle Scollo , Coral Gartner , Becky Freeman , Sinan Brown , Sai Campbell , Amelia Yazidjoglou , the National E-cigarette Monitoring and Evidence Consortium

引用次数: 0

“There’s many a slip between cup and lip” …. As there is between package and sale “杯中之物” ....就像包装和销售之间的区别一样

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100230

Claire Wilkinson

引用次数: 0