Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100131
Javier Recabarren , Amanda Dominello , Nicole Scholes-Robertson , Allison Jaure , Germaine Wong , Jonathan C. Craig , Martin Howell
Objective
To describe how Commonwealth, state and territory policies address access to care for Australians living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an emphasis on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and people residing in rural and remote areas.
Methods
We searched government health department websites for current policies up to March 2022 that addressed access to care for people with CKD.
Results
We included 98 policies: 28 were Commonwealth, and 70 were state or territory-based. There was wide variation in the policies for people with CKD in number and type across the jurisdictions. Of CKD specific policies, only three policies were specific for people living with CKD in rural and remote areas and no policies were specific for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Conclusion
There is a lack of CKD-specific policies addressing access to care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and people living in rural and remote communities.
Implications for public health
Despite the known disparities in the burden of CKD there are few policies addressing CKD disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Australians living in rural and remote areas. Policies that specifically address the barriers to accessing care are required to reduce inequities.
{"title":"It matters who you are and where you live: Commonwealth, state and territory policies for access to care for Australians with chronic kidney disease and their caregivers","authors":"Javier Recabarren , Amanda Dominello , Nicole Scholes-Robertson , Allison Jaure , Germaine Wong , Jonathan C. Craig , Martin Howell","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe how Commonwealth, state and territory policies address access to care for Australians living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an emphasis on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and people residing in rural and remote areas.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched government health department websites for current policies up to March 2022 that addressed access to care for people with CKD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 98 policies: 28 were Commonwealth, and 70 were state or territory-based. There was wide variation in the policies for people with CKD in number and type across the jurisdictions. Of CKD specific policies, only three policies were specific for people living with CKD in rural and remote areas and no policies were specific for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There is a lack of CKD-specific policies addressing access to care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and people living in rural and remote communities.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><p>Despite the known disparities in the burden of CKD there are few policies addressing CKD disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Australians living in rural and remote areas. Policies that specifically address the barriers to accessing care are required to reduce inequities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 2","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020024000062/pdfft?md5=0f3030ab488a50ca6fd639624edf9735&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020024000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100132
Nina Veenstra , Fran Kewene , Kate Morgaine , Sue Crengle
Objective
This research sought to expand on a set of core Māori hauora ā-iwi/public health competencies initially designed for teaching and to enable their use in workplaces.
Methods
The research used a kaupapa Māori methodology in four stages including the development of draft levels of competence for all core competencies, consultation hui (meetings), analysis of feedback and redrafting, and respondent validation.
Results
Key themes elicited in relation to the content of the competencies included increasing language expectations, the importance of strength-based approaches and self-determination, and the need for individual responsibility to address structural racism. Reflective practice was identified as a fundamental cross-cutting competency. Participants suggested planetary health and political ideologies be included as additional socio-political determinants of health with equity impacts. Key concerns related to the application of the competency document included the need for cultural safety and ensuring that all public health practitioners are ‘seen’.
Conclusions
The Māori hauora ā-iwi/public health competencies have been published under a Creative Commons licence.
Implications for public health
The process of drafting a set of Māori public health competencies elicited key themes potentially relevant for public health practice in other countries and resulted in a competency document for use by universities and workplaces.
{"title":"What we do matters: Supporting anti-racism and decolonisation of public health teaching and practice through the development of Māori public health competencies","authors":"Nina Veenstra , Fran Kewene , Kate Morgaine , Sue Crengle","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This research sought to expand on a set of core Māori hauora ā-iwi/public health competencies initially designed for teaching and to enable their use in workplaces.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The research used a kaupapa Māori methodology in four stages including the development of draft levels of competence for all core competencies, consultation hui (meetings), analysis of feedback and redrafting, and respondent validation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Key themes elicited in relation to the content of the competencies included increasing language expectations, the importance of strength-based approaches and self-determination, and the need for individual responsibility to address structural racism. Reflective practice was identified as a fundamental cross-cutting competency. Participants suggested planetary health and political ideologies be included as additional socio-political determinants of health with equity impacts. Key concerns related to the application of the competency document included the need for cultural safety and ensuring that all public health practitioners are ‘seen’.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Māori hauora ā-iwi/public health competencies have been published under a Creative Commons licence.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><p>The process of drafting a set of Māori public health competencies elicited key themes potentially relevant for public health practice in other countries and resulted in a competency document for use by universities and workplaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 2","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020024000074/pdfft?md5=753c44a43aa345bf34ef55a0575b045e&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020024000074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139986846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100117
Rachel E. Neale , Victoria Beedle , Peter R. Ebeling , Thomas Elliott , David Francis , Christian M. Girgis , Louisa Gordon , Monika Janda , Graeme Jones , Robyn M. Lucas , Rebecca S. Mason , Philip Keith Monnington , Julia Morahan , Georgia Paxton , Craig Sinclair , Stephen Shumack , Jane Smith , Ann R. Webb , David C. Whiteman
Objective
To describe the development of a new position statement regarding balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults.
Methods
We conducted a Sun Exposure Summit in March 2021, with presentations from invited experts and a workshop including representation from academic, clinical, policy, and patient stakeholder organisations. The group considered advice about balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults and developed a revised consensus position statement.
Results
The balance of risks and benefits of sun exposure is not the same for everybody. For people at very high risk of skin cancer, the risks of exposure likely outweigh the benefits; sun protection is essential. Conversely, people with deeply pigmented skin are at low risk of skin cancer but at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; routine sun protection is not recommended. For those at intermediate risk of skin cancer, sun protection remains a priority, but individuals may obtain sufficient sun exposure to maintain adequate vitamin D status.
Conclusions
The new position statement provides sun exposure advice that explicitly recognises the differing needs of Australia’s diverse population.
Implications for public health
Mass communication campaigns should retain the focus on skin cancer prevention. The new position statement will support the delivery of personalised advice.
目的介绍有关平衡澳大利亚成年人日光照射风险和益处的新立场声明的制定情况：我们于 2021 年 3 月召开了日光照射峰会，邀请专家发表演讲，并举办了一次研讨会，与会者包括学术、临床、政策和患者利益相关者组织的代表。该小组审议了有关平衡澳大利亚成年人日晒风险与益处的建议，并制定了一份修订版共识立场声明：日晒的风险与益处之间的平衡并非对每个人都一样。对于罹患皮肤癌风险极高的人来说，暴晒的风险可能大于益处；防晒至关重要。相反，皮肤色素较深的人患皮肤癌的风险较低，但缺乏维生素 D 的风险较高；不建议常规防晒。对于中等皮肤癌风险的人群，防晒仍然是首要任务，但个人可以获得足够的阳光照射来维持充足的维生素 D 状态：新的立场声明提供了日晒建议，明确承认了澳大利亚不同人群的不同需求：对公共卫生的影响：大众传播活动应继续以预防皮肤癌为重点。新的立场声明将为提供个性化建议提供支持。
{"title":"Balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure: A revised position statement for Australian adults","authors":"Rachel E. Neale , Victoria Beedle , Peter R. Ebeling , Thomas Elliott , David Francis , Christian M. Girgis , Louisa Gordon , Monika Janda , Graeme Jones , Robyn M. Lucas , Rebecca S. Mason , Philip Keith Monnington , Julia Morahan , Georgia Paxton , Craig Sinclair , Stephen Shumack , Jane Smith , Ann R. Webb , David C. Whiteman","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe the development of a new position statement regarding balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a Sun Exposure Summit in March 2021, with presentations from invited experts and a workshop including representation from academic, clinical, policy, and patient stakeholder organisations. The group considered advice about balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults and developed a revised consensus position statement.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The balance of risks and benefits of sun exposure is not the same for everybody. For people at very high risk of skin cancer, the risks of exposure likely outweigh the benefits; sun protection is essential. Conversely, people with deeply pigmented skin are at low risk of skin cancer but at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; routine sun protection is not recommended. For those at intermediate risk of skin cancer, sun protection remains a priority, but individuals may obtain sufficient sun exposure to maintain adequate vitamin D status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The new position statement provides sun exposure advice that explicitly recognises the differing needs of Australia’s diverse population.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><p>Mass communication campaigns should retain the focus on skin cancer prevention. The new position statement will support the delivery of personalised advice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020023052949/pdfft?md5=663e98c561462321a8d5a72eeb3279b8&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020023052949-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100114
Becky Freeman , Anita Dessaix , Tanya Buchanan
{"title":"Closing loopholes in Australian vaping laws: Why Australia’s proposed vaping reforms are sound public health policy","authors":"Becky Freeman , Anita Dessaix , Tanya Buchanan","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020023052913/pdfft?md5=de170f6ec271c8f18618f2f294194db7&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020023052913-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139544570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100118
Matthew Tuson , Natalia Lizama , Caitlin Kameron , Angela Gazey , Lisa Wood
Objective
To audit the number and location of dedicated e-cigarette retailers (“vape stores”) in Western Australian (WA), measure proximity to schools and model the association between vape store density and socio-economic disadvantage.
Methods
Vape stores were identified via internet search and geocoded. Proximity to schools was measured. Regression modelling was used to investigate the association between vape store density and socio-economic disadvantage.
Results
194 stores were identified, with 88% located within one kilometre of a school. In metropolitan WA, vape store density was nearly seven times higher in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas than in the least disadvantaged areas (rate ratio 6.9, 95% confidence interval 3.4–15.5).
Conclusions
There has been rapid, recent growth in the number of vape stores in WA, with most located within walking distance of schools. In metropolitan WA, vape store density is strongly associated with socio-economic disadvantage, mirroring the pattern observed globally for tobacco outlets.
Implications for Public Health
This is the first Australian study demonstrating that vape stores are more densely located in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Vape stores’ proximity to schools may increase young people’s access and exposure to promotional signage. There is a need to address ready e-cigarette availability through strong regulatory and compliance measures.
{"title":"Vape stores in Western Australia: growth, proximity to schools and socio-economic gradient of density","authors":"Matthew Tuson , Natalia Lizama , Caitlin Kameron , Angela Gazey , Lisa Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To audit the number and location of dedicated e-cigarette retailers (“vape stores”) in Western Australian (WA), measure proximity to schools and model the association between vape store density and socio-economic disadvantage.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Vape stores were identified via internet search and geocoded. Proximity to schools was measured. Regression modelling was used to investigate the association between vape store density and socio-economic disadvantage.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>194 stores were identified, with 88% located within one kilometre of a school. In metropolitan WA, vape store density was nearly seven times higher in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas than in the least disadvantaged areas (rate ratio 6.9, 95% confidence interval 3.4–15.5).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There has been rapid, recent growth in the number of vape stores in WA, with most located within walking distance of schools. In metropolitan WA, vape store density is strongly associated with socio-economic disadvantage, mirroring the pattern observed globally for tobacco outlets.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><p>This is the first Australian study demonstrating that vape stores are more densely located in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Vape stores’ proximity to schools may increase young people’s access and exposure to promotional signage. There is a need to address ready e-cigarette availability through strong regulatory and compliance measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020023052950/pdfft?md5=22df8fee99a458c565c968db9f37a562&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020023052950-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100127
Allison Marie Grech , Sweekriti Sharma , Nathalie Kizirian , Adrienne Gordon
Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic was, and continues to be, uniquely experienced by women in the perinatal period and their families. Whilst long-term impacts of the pandemic are unknown, exposures in pregnancy and early life have impacts across the life-course and future generations. The objective of this manuscript was to explore how the pregnancy, postpartum and parenting experiences of a subset of participants from the ‘BABY1000’ cohort in Sydney, Australia, were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and explore associations between these experiences and state anxiety.
Methods
Mixed methods were used. Participants were requested to complete an online survey including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory short form (STAI-6), followed by an invitation to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs).
Results
From September to November 2021, 88 parents completed the survey (mean age 33.5 years, 60% born in Australia, 58% primiparous). Twenty-two parents participated in FGDs. Six themes were identified regarding the experience of parents: (1) Maternal support, (2) Family relationships, (3) Stress and mental health, (4) Healthcare, (5) Family lifestyle and routine, and (6) Long-term impacts. The mean STAI-6 score was 40 (SD 12.3), representing high anxiety. High anxiety was significantly associated with concern regarding COVID-19 and feeling overburdened and lonely.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health orders significantly impacted participants’ pregnancy, postpartum and parenting experiences. Whilst these experiences included some unexpected positives, for many, these were outweighed by negative impacts on mental health, social support, health behaviours, and family relationships.
Implications for Public Health
Ongoing longitudinal research is imperative to identify potential long-term effects of the pandemic across the life-course, better support families in the short and long-term, and plan for public health crises in the future.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on new parents enrolled in the ‘BABY1000’ birth cohort study in Sydney, Australia: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Allison Marie Grech , Sweekriti Sharma , Nathalie Kizirian , Adrienne Gordon","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic was, and continues to be, uniquely experienced by women in the perinatal period and their families. Whilst long-term impacts of the pandemic are unknown, exposures in pregnancy and early life have impacts across the life-course and future generations. The objective of this manuscript was to explore how the pregnancy, postpartum and parenting experiences of a subset of participants from the ‘BABY1000’ cohort in Sydney, Australia, were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and explore associations between these experiences and state anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Mixed methods were used. Participants were requested to complete an online survey including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory short form (STAI-6), followed by an invitation to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs).</p></div><div><h3><strong>Results</strong></h3><p>From September to November 2021, 88 parents completed the survey (mean age 33.5 years, 60% born in Australia, 58% primiparous). Twenty-two parents participated in FGDs. Six themes were identified regarding the experience of parents: (1) Maternal support, (2) Family relationships, (3) Stress and mental health, (4) Healthcare, (5) Family lifestyle and routine, and (6) Long-term impacts. The mean STAI-6 score was 40 (SD 12.3), representing high anxiety. High anxiety was significantly associated with concern regarding COVID-19 and feeling overburdened and lonely.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Conclusions</strong></h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health orders significantly impacted participants’ pregnancy, postpartum and parenting experiences. Whilst these experiences included some unexpected positives, for many, these were outweighed by negative impacts on mental health, social support, health behaviours, and family relationships.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><p>Ongoing longitudinal research is imperative to identify potential long-term effects of the pandemic across the life-course, better support families in the short and long-term, and plan for public health crises in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020024000025/pdfft?md5=218a2a32d0becc3597c3f58f8148c906&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020024000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of heatwaves on likelihood of ambulance callouts for Australia.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to retrieve and synthesise evidence published from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2023 about the association between heatwaves and the likelihood of ambulance callouts in Australia. Different heatwave definitions were used ranging from excess heat factor to heatwave defined as a continuous period with temperatures above certain defined thresholds (which varied based on study locations).
Results
We included nine papers which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Eight were eligible for the meta-analyses. The multilevel meta-analyses revealed that the likelihood of ambulance callouts for all causes and for cardiovascular diseases increased by 10% (95% confidence interval: 8%, 13%) and 5% (95% confidence interval: 1%, 3%), respectively, during heatwave days.
Conclusions
Exposure to heatwaves is associated with an increased likelihood of ambulance callouts, and there is a dose–response association between heatwave severity and the likelihood of ambulance callouts.
Implications for public health
The number of heatwave days are going to increase, and this will mean an increase in the likelihood of ambulance callouts, thereby, spotlighting the real burden that heatwaves place on our already stressed healthcare system. The findings of this study underscore the critical need for proactive measures, including the establishment of research initiatives and holistic heat health awareness campaigns, spanning from the individual and community levels to the healthcare system, in order to create a more resilient Australia in the face of heatwave-related challenges.
{"title":"Preparing for a hotter climate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of heatwaves and ambulance callouts in Australia","authors":"Mehak Oberai , Zhiwei Xu , Aaron J.E. Bach , Dung Phung , Jessica T. Watzek , Shannon Rutherford","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of heatwaves on likelihood of ambulance callouts for Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to retrieve and synthesise evidence published from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2023 about the association between heatwaves and the likelihood of ambulance callouts in Australia. Different heatwave definitions were used ranging from excess heat factor to heatwave defined as a continuous period with temperatures above certain defined thresholds (which varied based on study locations).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included nine papers which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Eight were eligible for the meta-analyses. The multilevel meta-analyses revealed that the likelihood of ambulance callouts for all causes and for cardiovascular diseases increased by 10% (95% confidence interval: 8%, 13%) and 5% (95% confidence interval: 1%, 3%), respectively, during heatwave days.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exposure to heatwaves is associated with an increased likelihood of ambulance callouts, and there is a dose–response association between heatwave severity and the likelihood of ambulance callouts.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><p>The number of heatwave days are going to increase, and this will mean an increase in the likelihood of ambulance callouts, thereby, spotlighting the real burden that heatwaves place on our already stressed healthcare system. The findings of this study underscore the critical need for proactive measures, including the establishment of research initiatives and holistic heat health awareness campaigns, spanning from the individual and community levels to the healthcare system, in order to create a more resilient Australia in the face of heatwave-related challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020023052925/pdfft?md5=a188b47440e1c6b3ce2d0b01e9cdefa8&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020023052925-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to investigate the geospatial distribution of COVID-19 vaccination rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples across Local Government Areas in Australia.
Methods
We described the patterns of COVID-19 vaccination across jurisdictions, identified clusters with different levels of vaccination uptake, and assessed the relationship between contextual factors and vaccination (spatial error model, spatial lag model, and geographic weighted regression).
Results
The proportion of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population that received at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine by the last week of June 2022 ranged from 62.9% to 97.5% across Local Government Areas. The proportion of the overall population who is Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (β = 0.280, standard deviation [SD] = 1.92), proportion of the total labour force employed (β =0.286, SD = 0.98), and proportion of individuals who speak an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander language (β =0.215, SD = 0.15) had, on average, the strongest effects on COVID-19 vaccination rates.
Conclusion
Findings underscore the extent to which area-level demographic influence the COVID-19 vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.
Implications for public health
Findings can inform vaccination strategies that prioritise geographic areas with higher vulnerability to promote equity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
{"title":"Deadly places: The role of geography in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"Gustavo Hermes Soares, Joanne Hedges, Brianna Poirier, Sneha Sethi, Lisa Jamieson","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the geospatial distribution of COVID-19 vaccination rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples across Local Government Areas in Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We described the patterns of COVID-19 vaccination across jurisdictions, identified clusters with different levels of vaccination uptake, and assessed the relationship between contextual factors and vaccination (spatial error model, spatial lag model, and geographic weighted regression).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The proportion of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population that received at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine by the last week of June 2022 ranged from 62.9% to 97.5% across Local Government Areas. The proportion of the overall population who is Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (β = 0.280, standard deviation [SD] = 1.92), proportion of the total labour force employed (β =0.286, SD = 0.98), and proportion of individuals who speak an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander language (β =0.215, SD = 0.15) had, on average, the strongest effects on COVID-19 vaccination rates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Findings underscore the extent to which area-level demographic influence the COVID-19 vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><p>Findings can inform vaccination strategies that prioritise geographic areas with higher vulnerability to promote equity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020024000050/pdfft?md5=3729884b2cae9f5b21fc29340d96ffc0&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020024000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139726971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100120
Amy Kercher, Seona Beattie,, Liesje Donkin, Daniel Shepherd
Objective
Demand for children’s mental health services has increased in New Zealand, yet little is known of young children’s experience of psychological difficulties and treatment. This study investigated psychological symptoms and treatment experiences among primary-aged children.
Method
An online survey of parents assessed children’s anxiety, depression, attentional, emotional, conduct and peer problems, and experiences seeking psychological treatment.
Results
Based on 382 parental reports, between 24.9 and 34.6% of children experienced abnormal-range symptoms. Older children had higher distress, depression, and anxiety. Boys had more conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems. Ethnicity was not associated with the incidence of symptoms, but parents of Pākeha/European children reported greater impact than Māori parents. One-third of children had been referred for assessment; more often older children, and those with higher hyperactivity, impact, and anxiety. Parents reported difficulties accessing assessment, common barriers included waitlists (53%), cost (43%), and not knowing who to contact (36%). Following intervention, only 51% of parents reported improvements.
Conclusion
NZ primary-aged children are experiencing more symptoms of psychological distress than previously reported and extensive difficulties accessing treatment.
Implications for Public Health
There is a need for further screening and increased access to treatment to prevent worsening mental health outcomes in children.
{"title":"Distress, waitlists and unmet needs: parents’ reports of child psychological difficulties in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Amy Kercher, Seona Beattie,, Liesje Donkin, Daniel Shepherd","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Demand for children’s mental health services has increased in New Zealand, yet little is known of young children’s experience of psychological difficulties and treatment. This study investigated psychological symptoms and treatment experiences among primary-aged children.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>An online survey of parents assessed children’s anxiety, depression, attentional, emotional, conduct and peer problems, and experiences seeking psychological treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on 382 parental reports, between 24.9 and 34.6% of children experienced abnormal-range symptoms. Older children had higher distress, depression, and anxiety. Boys had more conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems. Ethnicity was not associated with the incidence of symptoms, but parents of Pākeha/European children reported greater impact than Māori parents. One-third of children had been referred for assessment; more often older children, and those with higher hyperactivity, impact, and anxiety. Parents reported difficulties accessing assessment, common barriers included waitlists (53%), cost (43%), and not knowing who to contact (36%). Following intervention, only 51% of parents reported improvements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>NZ primary-aged children are experiencing more symptoms of psychological distress than previously reported and extensive difficulties accessing treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><p>There is a need for further screening and increased access to treatment to prevent worsening mental health outcomes in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020023052974/pdfft?md5=fd63e361ed318ffb0d6a26821c905900&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020023052974-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139419221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100122
Alice Grady , Jacklyn Jackson , Luke Wolfenden , Melanie Lum , Andrew Milat , Adrian Bauman , Rebecca Hodder , Sze Lin Yoong
Objectives
To describe early childhood education and care (ECEC) services: i) perceptions regarding the scalability of healthy eating and physical activity interventions; and ii) associations between scalability and service characteristics.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a randomly selected sample of ECEC services across Australia. The scalability of 12 healthy eating and physical activity interventions was assessed using items based on the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool. Higher scores represented higher perceived scalability.
Results
From 453 participants, the highest scoring healthy eating and physical activity interventions were ‘providing healthy eating education and activities for children’ (M43.05) (out of 50) and ‘providing sufficient opportunities for child physical activity’ (M41.43). The lowest scoring was ‘providing families with lunchbox guidelines’ (M38.99) and ‘engaging families in activities to increase child physical activity’ (M38.36). Services located in rural areas, compared to urban areas, scored the overall scalability of both healthy eating and physical activity interventions significantly lower.
Conclusions
Perceptions regarding the scalability of healthy eating and physical activity interventions in the ECEC setting vary according to service characteristics.
Implications for public health
Findings identify where government investment and implementation efforts may be prioritised to facilitate scale-up. An investigation into the barriers and support required for lower-scoring interventions is warranted.
{"title":"Assessing the scalability of evidence-based healthy eating and physical activity interventions in early childhood education and care: A cross-sectional study of end-user perspectives","authors":"Alice Grady , Jacklyn Jackson , Luke Wolfenden , Melanie Lum , Andrew Milat , Adrian Bauman , Rebecca Hodder , Sze Lin Yoong","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To describe early childhood education and care (ECEC) services: i) perceptions regarding the scalability of healthy eating and physical activity interventions; and ii) associations between scalability and service characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a randomly selected sample of ECEC services across Australia. The scalability of 12 healthy eating and physical activity interventions was assessed using items based on the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool. Higher scores represented higher perceived scalability.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 453 participants, the highest scoring healthy eating and physical activity interventions were ‘providing healthy eating education and activities for children’ (M43.05) (out of 50) and ‘providing sufficient opportunities for child physical activity’ (M41.43). The lowest scoring was ‘providing families with lunchbox guidelines’ (M38.99) and ‘engaging families in activities to increase child physical activity’ (M38.36). Services located in rural areas, compared to urban areas, scored the overall scalability of both healthy eating and physical activity interventions significantly lower.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Perceptions regarding the scalability of healthy eating and physical activity interventions in the ECEC setting vary according to service characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><p>Findings identify where government investment and implementation efforts may be prioritised to facilitate scale-up. An investigation into the barriers and support required for lower-scoring interventions is warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020023052998/pdfft?md5=db91bcb4757ae8ad12c5442e8cdc9b9e&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020023052998-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139399067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号