Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-64-72
V. Filatov, А.А. Shishov, M. Dvornikov, A. Shishkin, D. I. Ryzhov, D.A. Nikiforov
The paper summarizes the experience in hyperbaric psychophysiological training of a group of 29 paratroopers for descending from 10 000 m in the Far North. Paratroopers with normal endurance of moderate and mean hypoxia were "ascended" to 5,000-6,000 and 10,000 meters. "Ascent" to 10,000 m with the use of oxygen and protective equipment was performed with good tolerance.
{"title":"HYPOBARIC CHAMBER«ASCENTS»ASA METHOD OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAINING FOR RISKY OCCUPATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HIGH-LEVEL HYPOXIA","authors":"V. Filatov, А.А. Shishov, M. Dvornikov, A. Shishkin, D. I. Ryzhov, D.A. Nikiforov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-64-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-64-72","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes the experience in hyperbaric psychophysiological training of a group of 29 paratroopers for descending from 10 000 m in the Far North. Paratroopers with normal endurance of moderate and mean hypoxia were \"ascended\" to 5,000-6,000 and 10,000 meters. \"Ascent\" to 10,000 m with the use of oxygen and protective equipment was performed with good tolerance.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-93-106
O. Orlov, M. Belakovskiy, M. Levinskikh, A. Kussmaul, L.L. Lekai, O.V. Voloshin, A.B. Sakharova
Objectively assessing the contribution of outreach activities and the popularization of scientific achievements in the development of modern society, the Institute of Biomedical Problems has been actively working in this direction for many years. Effective interaction of the Institute with Russian and foreign mass media is being implemented. Much attention is paid to maintaining Internet resources and pages in social networks. Publication activity (preparation and printing of informational articles, booklets, books, etc.) makes it possible to acquaint a wide range of readers with the achievements of space biology and medicine. A significant amount of work is carried out on the organization of exhibitions (both innovative technologies and museum and educational). The Institute pays much attention to the formation of educational content and lecture activities. An important area is the development of cooperation with public organizations in the field of cosmonautics. The Institute widely uses not only traditional and customary methods in this work, but also develops and applies new approaches, technological and methodological techniques.
{"title":"THE EXPERIENCE OF OUTREACH ACTIVITIES AND POPULARIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN SPACE BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AT THE IBMP RAS","authors":"O. Orlov, M. Belakovskiy, M. Levinskikh, A. Kussmaul, L.L. Lekai, O.V. Voloshin, A.B. Sakharova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-93-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-93-106","url":null,"abstract":"Objectively assessing the contribution of outreach activities and the popularization of scientific achievements in the development of modern society, the Institute of Biomedical Problems has been actively working in this direction for many years. Effective interaction of the Institute with Russian and foreign mass media is being implemented. Much attention is paid to maintaining Internet resources and pages in social networks. Publication activity (preparation and printing of informational articles, booklets, books, etc.) makes it possible to acquaint a wide range of readers with the achievements of space biology and medicine. A significant amount of work is carried out on the organization of exhibitions (both innovative technologies and museum and educational). The Institute pays much attention to the formation of educational content and lecture activities. An important area is the development of cooperation with public organizations in the field of cosmonautics. The Institute widely uses not only traditional and customary methods in this work, but also develops and applies new approaches, technological and methodological techniques.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-95-101
N.S. Kudriavtseva, A.E. Sorokin
Preliminary structural analysis of a physical-chemical life support system (LSS) was made for a 1000-day mission of 4 crew members from Earth's orbit to Mars orbit and back using the next 5 criteria: robustness, total equivalent mass, insertion mass and volume, and combined expenses on R&D and reliability testing. Analyzed were structures of 4 LSS designs including supply-relied, hybrid, semi-closed and two options of nearly closed LSS by the criterion of failure classifications: all failures are independent and common cause failures are probable. An adequate level of robustness must be first reached using an integral approach that is inclusion of supplies, finalizing the system design and production, and inherent cold redundancy of critical regeneration subsystems. This must be followed by informal analysis of alternative LSS designs with rational values of the other 4 Q-factors. It was concluded that simple, reliable and cheap supply-based LSS as well as hybrid LSS are uneconomic for exploration class missions, as their insertion masses exceed the acceptable level in 5 times and twice, respectively. Nearly closed LSS is also unacceptable for the reason of very high R&D costs. Therefore, we give preference to partly closed LSS, provided the requirement to increase the LSS specific weight from 0.15 to 0.28 is satisfied.
{"title":"ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЖИЗНЕОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОСМИЧЕСКОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ ПОЛЕТА В ДАЛЬНИЙ КОСМОС","authors":"N.S. Kudriavtseva, A.E. Sorokin","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-95-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-95-101","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary structural analysis of a physical-chemical life support system (LSS) was made for a 1000-day mission of 4 crew members from Earth's orbit to Mars orbit and back using the next 5 criteria: robustness, total equivalent mass, insertion mass and volume, and combined expenses on R&D and reliability testing. Analyzed were structures of 4 LSS designs including supply-relied, hybrid, semi-closed and two options of nearly closed LSS by the criterion of failure classifications: all failures are independent and common cause failures are probable. An adequate level of robustness must be first reached using an integral approach that is inclusion of supplies, finalizing the system design and production, and inherent cold redundancy of critical regeneration subsystems. This must be followed by informal analysis of alternative LSS designs with rational values of the other 4 Q-factors. It was concluded that simple, reliable and cheap supply-based LSS as well as hybrid LSS are uneconomic for exploration class missions, as their insertion masses exceed the acceptable level in 5 times and twice, respectively. Nearly closed LSS is also unacceptable for the reason of very high R&D costs. Therefore, we give preference to partly closed LSS, provided the requirement to increase the LSS specific weight from 0.15 to 0.28 is satisfied.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-59-63
A. Kochergin, A. Markin, O. Zhuravleva, L. V. Vostrikova, I. V. Zabolotskaya, D. Kuzichkin, T. V. Zhuravleva, T. Smirnova, A. L. Vorontsov
The bed rest experiment involved 6 healthy men aged 24 to 41 years. The subjects were in the supine position for 21 days, the angle of inclination in the cranial direction was -6°. In citrated blood plasma on days 2, 5, 8 and 21 of exposure, as well as 7 days after its end, the following hemostasis parameters were determined: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations, as well as activity of protein C. In comparison with background, there was slight elongation in prothrombin time on the 2nd and 5th days of the experiment, as well as on the 7th day of the recovery period, a slight shortening of the thrombin time on the 8th and 21st days of the experiment and on the 7th day of the recovery period, moderately elongated activated partial thromboplastine time on 5th and 21st day. The concentration of D-dimer was significantly reduced relative to the background in all periods of the survey, except for the 21st day, approaching the background values on the 7th day after the end of exposure. The activity of protein C did not change significantly during the entire experiment and was significantly lower than the background values only on the 7th day after the end of the experiment. The concentration of fibrinogen did not change significantly during all periods of the examination. The results of the study indicate minor changes in the parameters of the plasma component of the hemostatic system, indicating a decrease in procoagulant potential in the early stages of exposure and its increase in the later stages of hypokinesia and in the recovery period.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF 21-DAY OF HEAD-DOWN BED REST ON THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM OF A HEALTHY HUMAN","authors":"A. Kochergin, A. Markin, O. Zhuravleva, L. V. Vostrikova, I. V. Zabolotskaya, D. Kuzichkin, T. V. Zhuravleva, T. Smirnova, A. L. Vorontsov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-59-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-59-63","url":null,"abstract":"The bed rest experiment involved 6 healthy men aged 24 to 41 years. The subjects were in the supine position for 21 days, the angle of inclination in the cranial direction was -6°. In citrated blood plasma on days 2, 5, 8 and 21 of exposure, as well as 7 days after its end, the following hemostasis parameters were determined: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations, as well as activity of protein C. In comparison with background, there was slight elongation in prothrombin time on the 2nd and 5th days of the experiment, as well as on the 7th day of the recovery period, a slight shortening of the thrombin time on the 8th and 21st days of the experiment and on the 7th day of the recovery period, moderately elongated activated partial thromboplastine time on 5th and 21st day. The concentration of D-dimer was significantly reduced relative to the background in all periods of the survey, except for the 21st day, approaching the background values on the 7th day after the end of exposure. The activity of protein C did not change significantly during the entire experiment and was significantly lower than the background values only on the 7th day after the end of the experiment. The concentration of fibrinogen did not change significantly during all periods of the examination. The results of the study indicate minor changes in the parameters of the plasma component of the hemostatic system, indicating a decrease in procoagulant potential in the early stages of exposure and its increase in the later stages of hypokinesia and in the recovery period.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67953823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-21-26
V. Mitrikas
The author presents mathematical modeling of the radiation effects on cosmonaut's organs and tissues and effective dose evaluation over the period of ISS operation from 2001 to 2021 with account of radiation protection in specific compartments. Also, he reports the results of comparing the calculated and measured skin absorbed doses and speculates on the likely reasons for their discrepancy.
{"title":"EFFECTIVE RADIATION DOSES OF THE RUSSIAN MEMBERS OF THE MAIN ISS MISSIONS","authors":"V. Mitrikas","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-21-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-21-26","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents mathematical modeling of the radiation effects on cosmonaut's organs and tissues and effective dose evaluation over the period of ISS operation from 2001 to 2021 with account of radiation protection in specific compartments. Also, he reports the results of comparing the calculated and measured skin absorbed doses and speculates on the likely reasons for their discrepancy.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67952773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-53-58
D. Schastlivtseva, T. I. Kotrovskaya, M. I. Koloteva, Т.М. Glebova
A series of +Gz runs on a short-arm human centrifuge (SAHC) was performed in support of the proposal to design a centrifuge as a source of gravity aboard piloted exploration vehicles. Nine male volunteers participated in a 3-stage experiment with exposure to 2.1 g, 2.41 g and 2.92 g. The runs were accompanied by electroencephalography monitoring (EEG). Classic visual EEG analysis revealed characteristic and individual changes in the brain bioelectrical activity. Spectral analysis provided information about relative powers (RP) of the EEG bands: delta-2 (2–4 Hz), tetha (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta-1 (13–24 Hz) in 19 leads total. The body of RP changes made it possible to trace dynamics of the brain functional response to different g-loads. The greatest tetha RP decay (up to 15.5 %) with the simultaneous beta RP rise up to 8.4 % at 2.92 g pointed to activation of the cortex of cerebral hemispheres due to attenuation of the inhibitory effect of the nonspecific brain system. The neurophysiological individual typological patterns and absence of alpha RP changes implied a reasonably good CNS adaptation to all SAHC g-loads.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF THE BRAIN POTENTIALS IN VOLUNTEERS FOR MODELED HEAD-TO-PELVIS G-LOADS (+GZ) ON A SHORT-ARM HUMAN CENTRIFUGE","authors":"D. Schastlivtseva, T. I. Kotrovskaya, M. I. Koloteva, Т.М. Glebova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-53-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-53-58","url":null,"abstract":"A series of +Gz runs on a short-arm human centrifuge (SAHC) was performed in support of the proposal to design a centrifuge as a source of gravity aboard piloted exploration vehicles. Nine male volunteers participated in a 3-stage experiment with exposure to 2.1 g, 2.41 g and 2.92 g. The runs were accompanied by electroencephalography monitoring (EEG). Classic visual EEG analysis revealed characteristic and individual changes in the brain bioelectrical activity. Spectral analysis provided information about relative powers (RP) of the EEG bands: delta-2 (2–4 Hz), tetha (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta-1 (13–24 Hz) in 19 leads total. The body of RP changes made it possible to trace dynamics of the brain functional response to different g-loads. The greatest tetha RP decay (up to 15.5 %) with the simultaneous beta RP rise up to 8.4 % at 2.92 g pointed to activation of the cortex of cerebral hemispheres due to attenuation of the inhibitory effect of the nonspecific brain system. The neurophysiological individual typological patterns and absence of alpha RP changes implied a reasonably good CNS adaptation to all SAHC g-loads.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67954032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-16-22
N. Konstantinova
The review deals with different types of potable water pollution and how they affect the human health. Under consideration are the basic pollutants such as heavy metals, waste waters, medical agents, radioactive isotopes etc., and sources. The author outlines the water purification technologies employed in the Russian Federation and abroad.
{"title":"WATER POLLUTION AS A FACTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE","authors":"N. Konstantinova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-16-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-16-22","url":null,"abstract":"The review deals with different types of potable water pollution and how they affect the human health. Under consideration are the basic pollutants such as heavy metals, waste waters, medical agents, radioactive isotopes etc., and sources. The author outlines the water purification technologies employed in the Russian Federation and abroad.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67956428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-68-75
М.А. Golubkova, I. V. Ogneva
Maintenance of the human reproductive health is vital in context of preserving living species in remote space missions. Changes in the gene expression due to microgravity can lead to degradation of fertility; however, the mechanism that triggers these changes is not fully understood. In our investigation we determined mRNA levels in the prime cytoskeletal proteins and analyzed histone methylation and acetylation activities in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries during 79-hr microgravity modeled with the use of a random positioning machine (RPM), and per os introduction of essential phospholipids. The results showed that the fruit flies exposure to modeled microgravity over the entire oogenesis cycle increased levels of mRNA genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins in oocytes and that this can be, probably, associated with increased acetylation of the histone H3 Lys9 and Lys27. Essential phospholipids seem to prevent growth and/or initiate mRNA reductions in the majority of cytoskeleton elements in the flies exposed to modeled microgravity; however, the tubulin and lamin B binding proteins increased in the respective controls. Essential phospholipids leveled histone 3 Lys9 acetylation in modeled microgravity but enhanced Lys27 acetylation in the control.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MODELED MICROGRAVITY ON THE LEVEL OF mRNA GENES ENCODING THE CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS AND HISTONE ACETYLATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER OVARIES","authors":"М.А. Golubkova, I. V. Ogneva","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of the human reproductive health is vital in context of preserving living species in remote space missions. Changes in the gene expression due to microgravity can lead to degradation of fertility; however, the mechanism that triggers these changes is not fully understood. In our investigation we determined mRNA levels in the prime cytoskeletal proteins and analyzed histone methylation and acetylation activities in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries during 79-hr microgravity modeled with the use of a random positioning machine (RPM), and per os introduction of essential phospholipids. The results showed that the fruit flies exposure to modeled microgravity over the entire oogenesis cycle increased levels of mRNA genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins in oocytes and that this can be, probably, associated with increased acetylation of the histone H3 Lys9 and Lys27. Essential phospholipids seem to prevent growth and/or initiate mRNA reductions in the majority of cytoskeleton elements in the flies exposed to modeled microgravity; however, the tubulin and lamin B binding proteins increased in the respective controls. Essential phospholipids leveled histone 3 Lys9 acetylation in modeled microgravity but enhanced Lys27 acetylation in the control.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67949908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-47-54
E. Ilyin, I. Larina, А. Nosovsky
Year-long life on Antarctic scientific station Vostok was characterized by exposure to the physiologically important factors including hypobaric hypoxia (Р = 460 mm Hg) due to the location on the Central Ice Sheet, hypokinesia due to staying indoor most of the time because of very low temperatures outdoors, physical and social isolation from the world. The paper attempts to define which of these factors determined the human body stress-reaction and energy metabolism. Venous plasma samples were periodically gathered for analysis from 16 members of the 13th Soviet Antarctic expedition to the station Vostok in 1968. Members of the expedition were divided into 2 groups. One group was experimental, i.e. intermittently consumed anti-asthenia amino acid and vitamin supplements and psychoactive drugs, and the other was the placebo control. The investigation showed that in the course of the year-long existence in the extreme environment the averaged levels of 11-oxicorticosteroids and adrenergic compounds were elevated while the noradrenergic levels were at the bottom margins of their normal ranges. Averaged values of blood glucose and total cholesterol were well within the range of normal variations. Anti-asthenia supplements mitigated the chronic stress and did not disturb energy metabolism.
{"title":"ADENOCORTICAL AND SYMPATHOADRENAL SYSTEMS, ENERGY METABOLISM SUBSTRATES IN HUMAN BLOOD DURING ONE-YEAR'S EXPOSURE IN HYPOBARIC HYPOXIC, HYPOKINESIA AND ISOLATION","authors":"E. Ilyin, I. Larina, А. Nosovsky","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Year-long life on Antarctic scientific station Vostok was characterized by exposure to the physiologically important factors including hypobaric hypoxia (Р = 460 mm Hg) due to the location on the Central Ice Sheet, hypokinesia due to staying indoor most of the time because of very low temperatures outdoors, physical and social isolation from the world. The paper attempts to define which of these factors determined the human body stress-reaction and energy metabolism. Venous plasma samples were periodically gathered for analysis from 16 members of the 13th Soviet Antarctic expedition to the station Vostok in 1968. Members of the expedition were divided into 2 groups. One group was experimental, i.e. intermittently consumed anti-asthenia amino acid and vitamin supplements and psychoactive drugs, and the other was the placebo control. The investigation showed that in the course of the year-long existence in the extreme environment the averaged levels of 11-oxicorticosteroids and adrenergic compounds were elevated while the noradrenergic levels were at the bottom margins of their normal ranges. Averaged values of blood glucose and total cholesterol were well within the range of normal variations. Anti-asthenia supplements mitigated the chronic stress and did not disturb energy metabolism.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67950112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-54-60
E. Deshevaya, M. V. Gusarov, V. Tverskoy
We carried out testing of film-formation and antimicrobial properties of polymer/aromatic alcohol (AA) compositions. The compositions consisted of AA (phenol, resorcin, pyrocatechol, p-methoxyphenol or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) with polar hydrophilic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or nonpolar hydrophobic ethylene propylene rubber (SKEP). The polymers and AAs were tested for solubility in various solvents in order to choose those that would be suitable for preparation of simultaneous polymer/AA solutions and ensuing films. Differential scanning calorimetry and IR spectroscopy were used to determine morphology and structure of SKEP/AA and PVB/AA compositions. Since SKEP does not blend with AAs, these compositions are two-phase systems. In contrast, PVB/AA compositions represent monophase systems. PVB compatibility with AAs is explained by establishment of hydrogen bonds. Both types of composition exhibit film-forming properties. SKEP/AA films are characterized by low rigidity, whereas PVB/AA films demonstrate high rigidity. Both types of composition inhibit growth of mold fungi.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOSITIONS OF POLYVINYL BUTYRAL AND ETHYLENE PROPYLENE RUBBER WITH AROMATIC ALCOHOLS","authors":"E. Deshevaya, M. V. Gusarov, V. Tverskoy","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-54-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-54-60","url":null,"abstract":"We carried out testing of film-formation and antimicrobial properties of polymer/aromatic alcohol (AA) compositions. The compositions consisted of AA (phenol, resorcin, pyrocatechol, p-methoxyphenol or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) with polar hydrophilic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or nonpolar hydrophobic ethylene propylene rubber (SKEP). The polymers and AAs were tested for solubility in various solvents in order to choose those that would be suitable for preparation of simultaneous polymer/AA solutions and ensuing films. Differential scanning calorimetry and IR spectroscopy were used to determine morphology and structure of SKEP/AA and PVB/AA compositions. Since SKEP does not blend with AAs, these compositions are two-phase systems. In contrast, PVB/AA compositions represent monophase systems. PVB compatibility with AAs is explained by establishment of hydrogen bonds. Both types of composition exhibit film-forming properties. SKEP/AA films are characterized by low rigidity, whereas PVB/AA films demonstrate high rigidity. Both types of composition inhibit growth of mold fungi.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67952886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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