Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-5-13
V. Gushchin, O. Ryumin, О.I. Karpova, I. A. Rozanov, D. Shved, A. Yusupova
The paper summarizes the experience of providing the psychological support for orbital space crews, discusses current practices applicable in future exploration missions, and the psychological negative factors in autonomous missions including new promising technologies developed with these factors in mind.
{"title":"PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN FUTURE EXPLORATION MISSIONS","authors":"V. Gushchin, O. Ryumin, О.I. Karpova, I. A. Rozanov, D. Shved, A. Yusupova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes the experience of providing the psychological support for orbital space crews, discusses current practices applicable in future exploration missions, and the psychological negative factors in autonomous missions including new promising technologies developed with these factors in mind.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-14-28
Y. Bubeev, V. Usov, A. Polyakov, М.V. Mikhaylyuk
The survey is focused on the applicability of virtual reality(VR) and 3D immersive technologies for isolation studies of the human-robot interaction during intravehicular activities (IVA) and scenarios of pilotless vehicles (PVs) operations on a lunar station. The investigation resulted in covering the prototyped multicopter drones for inspecting closed environments on Earth and future creation of appropriate VR models, and proposing off-line PVs analogous to the NASA Free-Flyers Units Astrobee, and VirSim system for use on the lunar station. The imitative VR models and suggested research tasks include the following: 1) PVs scenarios, routing and scheduling, 2) modeling autonomous navigation and control (local positioning and navigation) inside the station, 3) manual piloting, 4) virtual and real control panels, 5) comparison of displays representing PVs cameras stream, 2D-electronic maps and real-time 3D-image, 6) PVs scenarios for potential danger to the lunar station, and support of response to unexpected events. Knowledge from the isolation studies can substantiate guidelines on PVs operations aboard habitable lunar stations.
{"title":"IMITATIVE VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED MODELING OF THE MODES OF PILOTED VEHICLE CONTROL ON A LUNAR STATION TO INVESTIGATE OPERATOR'S ACTIVITY IN ISOLATION STUDIES","authors":"Y. Bubeev, V. Usov, A. Polyakov, М.V. Mikhaylyuk","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-14-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-14-28","url":null,"abstract":"The survey is focused on the applicability of virtual reality(VR) and 3D immersive technologies for isolation studies of the human-robot interaction during intravehicular activities (IVA) and scenarios of pilotless vehicles (PVs) operations on a lunar station. The investigation resulted in covering the prototyped multicopter drones for inspecting closed environments on Earth and future creation of appropriate VR models, and proposing off-line PVs analogous to the NASA Free-Flyers Units Astrobee, and VirSim system for use on the lunar station. The imitative VR models and suggested research tasks include the following: 1) PVs scenarios, routing and scheduling, 2) modeling autonomous navigation and control (local positioning and navigation) inside the station, 3) manual piloting, 4) virtual and real control panels, 5) comparison of displays representing PVs cameras stream, 2D-electronic maps and real-time 3D-image, 6) PVs scenarios for potential danger to the lunar station, and support of response to unexpected events. Knowledge from the isolation studies can substantiate guidelines on PVs operations aboard habitable lunar stations.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-83-88
I. Bukhtiyarov, E. Zibarev, K. Betts
The paper presents first results of an epidemiological investigation concerned with mortality among Russian civil pilots fulfilled in 2021. Object was a cohort of former pilots selected in the database of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation since 1991. Each one in the cohort had more than 6 000 flight hours and retired on a pension at the age of 35 the earliest. Mortality was analyzed in the timeframe of 2015 to 2019. Since the RFPF does not contain information about cause of death, the mortality rates were calculated without regard for the cause. As of 31.12.2019, out of 18 254 former pilots in the cohort 1381 (7.6 %) were dead and 16 873 (92.4 %) were alive; total number of person-year observations made up 78 453.7. For the period between 2015 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality factor for pilots was 164.8 per 10 000 which is 31.3 % less when compared to the male population in Russia (238.9 per 10 000), p < 0.05. The risk of death for any reason among former pilots was reliably less in comparison to the male population in Russia: odds ratio is equal to 0.68 within the 95 % confidence interval of 0.56–0.83. Comparatively low death risk for pilots is attributed to the effect of healthy employee, more careful professional selection, high level of medical care, and well-being. However, for the majority of flights the uncontrolled risk of tumor dictates the necessity of further prospective investigations of mortality among civil pilots.
{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY AMONG CIVIL PILOTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"I. Bukhtiyarov, E. Zibarev, K. Betts","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-83-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-83-88","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents first results of an epidemiological investigation concerned with mortality among Russian civil pilots fulfilled in 2021. Object was a cohort of former pilots selected in the database of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation since 1991. Each one in the cohort had more than 6 000 flight hours and retired on a pension at the age of 35 the earliest. Mortality was analyzed in the timeframe of 2015 to 2019. Since the RFPF does not contain information about cause of death, the mortality rates were calculated without regard for the cause. As of 31.12.2019, out of 18 254 former pilots in the cohort 1381 (7.6 %) were dead and 16 873 (92.4 %) were alive; total number of person-year observations made up 78 453.7. For the period between 2015 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality factor for pilots was 164.8 per 10 000 which is 31.3 % less when compared to the male population in Russia (238.9 per 10 000), p < 0.05. The risk of death for any reason among former pilots was reliably less in comparison to the male population in Russia: odds ratio is equal to 0.68 within the 95 % confidence interval of 0.56–0.83. Comparatively low death risk for pilots is attributed to the effect of healthy employee, more careful professional selection, high level of medical care, and well-being. However, for the majority of flights the uncontrolled risk of tumor dictates the necessity of further prospective investigations of mortality among civil pilots.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-29-37
M.Yu. Barantseva, L. N. Mukhamedieva, D. Ozerov, A. A. Pakhomova, P. V. Lashukov, I. A. Grabeklis
Long-term lunar missions will require a toxicological and hygienic assessment of the biological impact of lunar dust on humans, as one of the main factors limiting the duration of human stay on the lunar surface. This review summarizes the results of scientific research aimed at studying the acute and chronic effects of lunar dust and its imitators when inhaled and intratracheally administered to animals. The analysis of the biological activity of the particles after their penetration into the respiratory tract and lung tissue was carried out. Based on the modern understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, a hypothesis was formulated for the development of toxic damage to the lungs when exposed to lunar dust: mechanical damage to the alveolar epithelium by dust particles, increased microvascular permeability, local and systemic autoimmune inflammatory reactions, activation of cytokine regulation of the inflammatory and fibroplastic process in the lungs and heart.
{"title":"TOXICOLOGY ISSUES OF LUNAR DUST EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)","authors":"M.Yu. Barantseva, L. N. Mukhamedieva, D. Ozerov, A. A. Pakhomova, P. V. Lashukov, I. A. Grabeklis","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term lunar missions will require a toxicological and hygienic assessment of the biological impact of lunar dust on humans, as one of the main factors limiting the duration of human stay on the lunar surface. This review summarizes the results of scientific research aimed at studying the acute and chronic effects of lunar dust and its imitators when inhaled and intratracheally administered to animals. The analysis of the biological activity of the particles after their penetration into the respiratory tract and lung tissue was carried out. Based on the modern understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, a hypothesis was formulated for the development of toxic damage to the lungs when exposed to lunar dust: mechanical damage to the alveolar epithelium by dust particles, increased microvascular permeability, local and systemic autoimmune inflammatory reactions, activation of cytokine regulation of the inflammatory and fibroplastic process in the lungs and heart.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-23-30
I. Shoshina, D. Kotova, I. Zelenskaya, S. Lyapunov, I. Lyapunov, M. Bekreneva, E. Tomilovskaya
Visual contrast sensitivity and tremulous micro-movements of eyes were evaluated in 10 human subjects (mean age 30.8 ± 4/6 yrs) volunteered for dry immersion (DI) as a model of the physiological effects of microgravity. Contrast sensitivity was registered using visocontrastmetry with presentation of the Gabor patches with spatial frequency 0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0 c/deg. Amplitude and frequency of eye tremulous movements were measured using a high-frequency optical tweezer. Measurements were performed a day prior to immersion, on DI days 1, 3, 5 and 7, and on the next day after the DI completion. Contrast sensitivity was found altered within both the low and high spatial frequencies; ocular micro-motion amplitudes changed within a wide range. At this point in time, these findings are a step forward in search for a method of objective assessment of the central nervous system functioning in a changed environment.
{"title":"CONTRAST SENSITIVITY AND OCULAR TREMULOUS MICRO-MOTIONS: A MODEL STUDY OF CHANGED GRAVITY EFFECTS ON VISUAL PERCEPTION","authors":"I. Shoshina, D. Kotova, I. Zelenskaya, S. Lyapunov, I. Lyapunov, M. Bekreneva, E. Tomilovskaya","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-23-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-23-30","url":null,"abstract":"Visual contrast sensitivity and tremulous micro-movements of eyes were evaluated in 10 human subjects (mean age 30.8 ± 4/6 yrs) volunteered for dry immersion (DI) as a model of the physiological effects of microgravity. Contrast sensitivity was registered using visocontrastmetry with presentation of the Gabor patches with spatial frequency 0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0 c/deg. Amplitude and frequency of eye tremulous movements were measured using a high-frequency optical tweezer. Measurements were performed a day prior to immersion, on DI days 1, 3, 5 and 7, and on the next day after the DI completion. Contrast sensitivity was found altered within both the low and high spatial frequencies; ocular micro-motion amplitudes changed within a wide range. At this point in time, these findings are a step forward in search for a method of objective assessment of the central nervous system functioning in a changed environment.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67956532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-54-63
I. V. Ivanov, A.A. Milanin, О.P. Zhelty, Yu.V. Stas
We analyzed psychotherapeutic effectiveness of and individual clinical reactions to hyperventilation sessions used for emotional stress correction in 517 patients including 211 pilots and 306 war veterans at the age of 22 to 52 years. The hyperventilation method was recommended for pilots' treatment in hospitals and rehabilitation centers. However, the method may provoke convulsive activities in the brain and personal disorientation and, therefore, should be prescribed on the clinical evidence of benefit to an individuum with post-traumatic stress disorders, and lack of contraindications.
{"title":"MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF EMOTIONAL STRESS WITH HYPERVENTILATION: ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL EFFECTS AND INDICATIONS FOR APPLICATION TO PILOTS AND COMBATANTS","authors":"I. V. Ivanov, A.A. Milanin, О.P. Zhelty, Yu.V. Stas","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-54-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-54-63","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed psychotherapeutic effectiveness of and individual clinical reactions to hyperventilation sessions used for emotional stress correction in 517 patients including 211 pilots and 306 war veterans at the age of 22 to 52 years. The hyperventilation method was recommended for pilots' treatment in hospitals and rehabilitation centers. However, the method may provoke convulsive activities in the brain and personal disorientation and, therefore, should be prescribed on the clinical evidence of benefit to an individuum with post-traumatic stress disorders, and lack of contraindications.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-5-20
A. Shafirkin, A. Vasin, S. Tatarkin
Analysis of the huge array of experimental data on the effects of radiation and other physical and natural factors in space missions enabled substantiation of the coefficient of immediate response to radiation (КМim) in context of the risk to cosmonaut's health and efficiency. The КМim value lies with the range of 0.8 – 1.3. Currently, KMim can be taken equal to 1.0 owing to rapid cell recovery in the radiation sensitive bone marrow, GIT, lens epithelium, and brain cortex neurons during prolonged exposure to protons of the solar cosmic rays. The authors validate the modification coefficient for a delayed response (КМdel) presuming probable aggravating effects of air chemical contamination and weightlessness. The КМdel value was established using a calculated overall logarithmic index to quantify the level of stress to the body regulation systems, and functional reserve reduction. Acetone, acetaldehyde and ethanol vapors at maximal admissible concentrations may increase KMdel up to 1.5. Moreover, KMdel should be taken equal to 2.0 on the evidence that synergy of microgravity and GCR heavy nuclei threatens with morphological and functional CNS disorders, vascular damages and cardiovascular diseases and lifespan reduction.
{"title":"ON THE SUBJECT OF SUBSTANTIATING COEFFICIENTS КМimAND КМdel CHARACTERIZING MODIFICATION OF THE ORGANISM RESPONSE TO RADIATION IMMEDIATELY OR IN DELAYED PERIODS DUE TO THE COMBINED ACTION OF THE STRESSFUL FACTORS IN EXTENDED ORBITAL AND EXPLORATION MISSIONS","authors":"A. Shafirkin, A. Vasin, S. Tatarkin","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-5-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-5-20","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the huge array of experimental data on the effects of radiation and other physical and natural factors in space missions enabled substantiation of the coefficient of immediate response to radiation (КМim) in context of the risk to cosmonaut's health and efficiency. The КМim value lies with the range of 0.8 – 1.3. Currently, KMim can be taken equal to 1.0 owing to rapid cell recovery in the radiation sensitive bone marrow, GIT, lens epithelium, and brain cortex neurons during prolonged exposure to protons of the solar cosmic rays. The authors validate the modification coefficient for a delayed response (КМdel) presuming probable aggravating effects of air chemical contamination and weightlessness. The КМdel value was established using a calculated overall logarithmic index to quantify the level of stress to the body regulation systems, and functional reserve reduction. Acetone, acetaldehyde and ethanol vapors at maximal admissible concentrations may increase KMdel up to 1.5. Moreover, KMdel should be taken equal to 2.0 on the evidence that synergy of microgravity and GCR heavy nuclei threatens with morphological and functional CNS disorders, vascular damages and cardiovascular diseases and lifespan reduction.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67953839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-51-59
V. S. Vovkodav
The paper discusses the occupational risks for flight crews of the state-owned airliners. In the period of 2004–2009, prevalence of the cardiovascular diseases was low and increased in 2010–2015, as well as relative risks of the cardiovascular, ear and mastoid diseases. The period of 2016–2020 was marked by a high risk of urogenital diseases, as the probability of these diseases made up 2.2 and the etiological percent amounted to 50 %. The system of flight personnel health monitoring has been time-proved. The author points out the areas of research to be focused on in order to improve the crew work environment and calls for introduction of the informatics technology in the crew health monitoring system.
{"title":"MARKERS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISKS TO FLIGHT PERSONNEL OF THE STATE-OWNED AIRLINERS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF PILOTS MEDICAL CERTIFICATION","authors":"V. S. Vovkodav","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-51-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-51-59","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the occupational risks for flight crews of the state-owned airliners. In the period of 2004–2009, prevalence of the cardiovascular diseases was low and increased in 2010–2015, as well as relative risks of the cardiovascular, ear and mastoid diseases. The period of 2016–2020 was marked by a high risk of urogenital diseases, as the probability of these diseases made up 2.2 and the etiological percent amounted to 50 %. The system of flight personnel health monitoring has been time-proved. The author points out the areas of research to be focused on in order to improve the crew work environment and calls for introduction of the informatics technology in the crew health monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67957233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-35-43
V. Yasnetsov, D. E. Kaurova
The literary review encompasses the experimental and clinical evidence of the potency of Russian medicaments nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (picamilon), hydroxyzine nicotinoyl glutamate calcium (ampasse), and combineddrug cytoflavin containing nicotinic acid and its derivatives in extreme conditions. Analysis shows that these medicaments and nicotinic acid derivatives protect tangibly from acute and chronic hypoxia of varying genesis, hypo- and hyperthermia, hypokinesia etc. To increase potency and safety of medical care after exposure to extreme factors the search for other nicotinic acid derivatives should be furthered.
{"title":"ADMINISTRATION IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF MEDICAMENTS BASED ON NICOTINIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES","authors":"V. Yasnetsov, D. E. Kaurova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-35-43","url":null,"abstract":"The literary review encompasses the experimental and clinical evidence of the potency of Russian medicaments nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (picamilon), hydroxyzine nicotinoyl glutamate calcium (ampasse), and combineddrug cytoflavin containing nicotinic acid and its derivatives in extreme conditions. Analysis shows that these medicaments and nicotinic acid derivatives protect tangibly from acute and chronic hypoxia of varying genesis, hypo- and hyperthermia, hypokinesia etc. To increase potency and safety of medical care after exposure to extreme factors the search for other nicotinic acid derivatives should be furthered.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67953715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-102-110
Y. Berkovich, О.А. Shalopanova, А.А. Buriak
We validated an approach to optimization of the higher plant illumination system within a biotechnical life support system (BTLSS) in order to reduce power consumption and equivalent harvest mass. The challenge was to stabilize oxygen concentration in the air of a pressurized compartment. To compare different approaches to power consumption optimization, we used publications on a study in which BTLSS with a 27 m2 cultivation area provided leaf vegetables (Chinese cabbage) to 2 human subjects. Time course of the daily energy and O2 consumption was divided into 5 periods according to specified levels of loading. In context of a Moon mission scenario, the optimal photon flux density and white-red light ratios were calculated using regression models for each day between vegetation days 8 and 14. Experimentally obtained models of photosynthetic productivity were used to calculate a daily lighting level required to produce oxygen in the amount sufficient for the crew. It was shown that this method of O2 stabilization makes possible, within 7 days, power consumption reduction by 68 % and increase of the coefficient of light energy consumption by harvest in 2.3 times as compared to the control growing under continuous invariable illumination. Moreover, equivalent mass of the illumination system reduced 30 % as compared to the control.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE PLANT ILLUMINATION SYSTEM STABILIZING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN THE GAS MEDIUM WITHIN A PROTOTYPED BIOTECHNICAL CREW LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM","authors":"Y. Berkovich, О.А. Shalopanova, А.А. Buriak","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-102-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-102-110","url":null,"abstract":"We validated an approach to optimization of the higher plant illumination system within a biotechnical life support system (BTLSS) in order to reduce power consumption and equivalent harvest mass. The challenge was to stabilize oxygen concentration in the air of a pressurized compartment. To compare different approaches to power consumption optimization, we used publications on a study in which BTLSS with a 27 m2 cultivation area provided leaf vegetables (Chinese cabbage) to 2 human subjects. Time course of the daily energy and O2 consumption was divided into 5 periods according to specified levels of loading. In context of a Moon mission scenario, the optimal photon flux density and white-red light ratios were calculated using regression models for each day between vegetation days 8 and 14. Experimentally obtained models of photosynthetic productivity were used to calculate a daily lighting level required to produce oxygen in the amount sufficient for the crew. It was shown that this method of O2 stabilization makes possible, within 7 days, power consumption reduction by 68 % and increase of the coefficient of light energy consumption by harvest in 2.3 times as compared to the control growing under continuous invariable illumination. Moreover, equivalent mass of the illumination system reduced 30 % as compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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