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E-Learning System Development: Challenges and Threats in the Digital Economy 电子学习系统开发:数字经济中的挑战与威胁
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).10
Irina Derevtsova, Maria Kartapoltseva, Polina Snitsareva, Sofia Sych
In the context of the digital transformation of all socio-economic processes of society and the complex situation with «live» communication (as a result of the coronavirus pandemic), in Russia and other countries of the world, the problem of organizing an effective e-learning system at all levels of education is first on the agenda. In the Russian Federation, the solution to this problem is currently being exacerbated by the digital inequality of territories that has developed for various reasons. This situation is explained by many factors, including the level of availability of high-speed Internet, the level of digitalization of the local telephone network, the cost of IT services in various regions of our country. The article identified the current problems of the modern system of electronic (distance) education in the Russian Federation, revealed the impact of these problems on the practice of digital learning, examined the challenges and threats of implementing the e-learning system in practice, including those related to the digital inequality of Russian territories. The authors presented an analysis of statistical data that characterize the level of students’ access to broadband internet in various regions of Russia, which is required for the normal functioning of modern educational platforms. As a result of the analysis, the authors of the article formulated proposals to reduce the risks of distance education, as well as possible ways of its improvement.
在俄罗斯和世界其他国家,社会所有社会经济进程的数字化转型以及“实时”通信的复杂情况(由于冠状病毒大流行)的背景下,在各级教育中组织有效的电子学习系统的问题是议程上的首要问题。在俄罗斯联邦,由于各种原因导致的地区数字不平等加剧了这一问题的解决方案。这种情况是由许多因素造成的,包括高速互联网的可用性水平、本地电话网的数字化水平、我国各地区IT服务的成本。本文指出了俄罗斯联邦现代电子(远程)教育系统目前存在的问题,揭示了这些问题对数字学习实践的影响,研究了在实践中实施电子学习系统的挑战和威胁,包括与俄罗斯领土数字不平等有关的挑战和威胁。作者对统计数据进行了分析,这些数据表征了俄罗斯不同地区学生接入宽带互联网的水平,这是现代教育平台正常运作所必需的。在分析的基础上,提出了降低远程教育风险的建议,以及可能的改进途径。
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引用次数: 0
Formation and Implementation of a Tourist Destination Development Strategy Based on Territorial Marketing Conception 基于地域营销理念的旅游目的地发展战略的形成与实施
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).14
N. Polyakova, Vitalii Zaleshin, V. Polyakov, Xu Wang
The article examines and estimates the possibility of applying the conception of territorial marketing when planning and managing the development of tourist destination. In real terms, territorial marketing recognizes branding as a key element of territory promotion. Branding of destinations, being well-developed in theory, is widely applied. Since 2003, China has introduced a system of touristic sites classification that ranks destinations from the lowest A-level to the highest 5A. The latter marks a site as world famous landmark, which means a considerable increase in tourist flow. In the run-up to the Winter Olympics, winter sports and tourism are gaining popularity in China. International Tourism Investment Association operates a winter sports center in Heilongjiang Province. Following the increasing demand for winter tourism services, the company has decided to implement a development strategy for Finshuishan Mountain Winter Sports Center to raise the destination to 5A-level. The project involved working out a program of a complex territorial marketing strategy, and operationally, the goal has been achieved. However, due to formal reasons, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Winter Sports Center cannot be classified as 5A.
本文对地域营销概念在旅游目的地开发规划和管理中的应用可能性进行了探讨和估计。实际上,区域营销将品牌视为区域推广的关键要素。旅游目的地品牌化在理论上已经很成熟,应用也很广泛。自2003年以来,中国推出了一套旅游景点分类系统,将目的地从最低的a级到最高的5A级进行分级。后者标志着一个景点成为世界著名地标,这意味着游客流量的大幅增加。随着冬奥会的临近,冬季运动和旅游在中国越来越受欢迎。国际旅游投资协会在黑龙江省经营一个冬季运动中心。随着冬季旅游服务需求的不断增长,公司决定实施芬水山冬季运动中心的发展战略,将目的地提升到5a级。该项目涉及制定一个复杂的地域营销战略方案,在操作上,目标已经实现。但是,由于形式上的原因,即新冠肺炎疫情,冬季运动中心不能被归类为5A。
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引用次数: 1
Customs Benefits: Mechanism of Establishment and Practice in the Application 海关利益:建立机制与应用实践
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).2
E. Orlova, E. Zavyalova
In the current context national goals in the field of economy are associated with further strengthening the competitiveness of Russian products on world markets, supporting national producers, stimulating investment activity. One of the conditions for their implementation is the application of regulation of foreign trade activities through the granting of benefits. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize the existing customs privileges within the framework of supranational and national legislation. A competent and transparent organization of system customs benefits allows not only foreign trade participants to save financial resources, but also to increase the investment attractiveness of the state. In the process of studying the EAEU legislation for customs privileges, it was revealed that different types of benefits are established by various regulatory legal acts; there is no understandable and clearly built system. The existing customs privileges are systematized and the basic rules for their application are described in the article. The content of each type of customs benefits has been disclosed. The analysis of the customs benefits in the Russian Federation during various periods of integration was carried out.Keywords. Customs regulation, customs benefits, preferences, customs payments, tariff privileges.
在目前情况下,经济领域的国家目标与进一步加强俄罗斯产品在世界市场上的竞争力、支持本国生产者、刺激投资活动有关。其实施的条件之一是通过给予利益来适用对外贸活动的监管。本文的目的是在超国家和国家立法的框架内对现有的海关特权进行分析和系统化。一个称职和透明的制度海关利益组织,不仅可以节省外贸参与者的财政资源,而且可以增加国家的投资吸引力。在对欧亚经济联盟海关特权立法的研究过程中发现,不同类型的利益是由各种监管法律行为确立的;没有可理解和清晰构建的系统。本文对现有的海关特权进行了系统的整理,并阐述了适用海关特权的基本规则。各类海关利益的内容已经披露。对俄罗斯联邦在一体化各个时期的海关利益进行了分析。海关法规,海关利益,优惠,海关支付,关税特权。
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引用次数: 2
Ways to Improve the Performance of Investments in Real Estate for Individual Investors 提高个人房地产投资绩效的途径
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).19
Boris Bedin
The article discusses approaches to the problem of improving the performance of investments in real estate for individual investors, who are relevant for many countries, including Russia. The advantages and disadvantages of real estate as an investment object are analyzed; simple criteria characterizing the performance of real estate investments are defined. The possibilities of using various strategies for real estate investments in the market economy have been analyzed. The features of the Russian taxation system, which improve the performance of residential real estate investments for individual investors, are observed. The main ways to improve performance of residential real estate investments are considered. Statistical data and calculations confirming the relevance of the above methods of improving efficiency are presented. It is pointed out that there is a relationship between some measures of the state regulation of the economy and the performance of investments in real estate.
本文讨论了提高个人投资者房地产投资绩效的方法,这与包括俄罗斯在内的许多国家有关。分析了房地产作为投资对象的利弊;定义了表征房地产投资绩效的简单标准。分析了在市场经济条件下房地产投资各种策略的可能性。观察到俄罗斯税收制度的特点,这提高了个人投资者住宅房地产投资的绩效。提出了提高住宅房地产投资绩效的主要途径。统计数据和计算证实了上述提高效率的方法的相关性。文章指出,国家调控经济的一些措施与房地产投资绩效之间存在一定的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Tourist Accommodation as a Special Type of Accommodation in Tourism 旅游住宿作为旅游住宿的一种特殊类型
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).20
O. Suranova
Residential premises used for the tourist accommodation and temporary accommodation along with traditional accommodation facilities (hotels, hostels, etc.) form the infrastructure of tourist accommodation. The lack of a unified approach to the designation of these premises in international and Russian regulatory documents leads to the fact that different terminology is used in scientific and business turnover. A critical analysis of the terms allowed the author to identify three approaches to the designation of residential premises used for the tourist accommodation and temporary residence, which emphasize the contemporary aspects of the functioning of residential premises used for the tourist accommodation and temporary residence. Firstly, these residential premises are considered as facilities, objects of tourist accommodation, that is, «regularly or occasionally providing places for overnight stops», secondly, they are considered as residential premises, and thirdly, they are referred to as «airbnb objects», since most of these objects are presented on online booking platforms [1; 2]. The involvement of residential premises in the tourism sector allows us to speak about a special type of accommodation facilities for tourists for which the author proposes to use the term «tourist accommodation».
用于旅游住宿和临时住宿的居住场所与传统的住宿设施(酒店、青年旅社等)一起构成旅游住宿的基础设施。在国际和俄罗斯的规范性文件中,对这些场所的指定缺乏统一的方法,导致在科学和商业周转中使用不同的术语。通过对这些术语的批判性分析,作者确定了指定用于旅游住宿和临时住所的住宅房地的三种方法,这些方法强调了用于旅游住宿和临时住所的住宅房地功能的当代方面。首先,这些住宅被认为是设施,是游客住宿的对象,即“定期或偶尔提供过夜的地方”,其次,它们被认为是住宅,第三,它们被称为“airbnb对象”,因为这些对象大多数是在在线预订平台上呈现的[1;2]。由于旅游部门涉及住宅房地,我们可以谈论一种特殊类型的游客住宿设施,作者建议使用“旅游住宿”一词。
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引用次数: 1
Application of Information Technologies in Students Individual Studies Management 信息技术在学生个人学习管理中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).8
Vera Dovydenko, A. Melgunova
The topicality of the study is explained by the inevitability and necessity of including information and digital technologies in the process of education at all levels. The aim of the article was to analyze information and digital technologies as applied in students' individual studies management in general, and in teaching ESOL — in particular. The authors examined the role of individual study as part of the educational process, showed the importance of its correct and effective management, and identified the contemporary issues that teachers and students have to face. Having studied the most up-to-date information and digital technologies and analyzed their applicability in teaching ESOL, the authors proposed a ready-to-use list of the most interesting, effective and user-friendly resources, services, and software products as classified according to the levels of students’ individual study organization.
通过将信息和数字技术纳入各级教育过程的必然性和必要性来解释本研究的话题性。本文的目的是分析信息和数字技术在学生个人学习管理中的应用,特别是在ESOL教学中的应用。作者考察了个人学习作为教育过程一部分的作用,指出了正确有效管理个人学习的重要性,并指出了教师和学生面临的当代问题。在研究了最新的信息和数字技术,并分析了它们在ESOL教学中的适用性之后,作者根据学生的个人学习组织水平,提出了一份最有趣、最有效、最方便使用的资源、服务和软件产品清单。
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引用次数: 0
Securities Market Conditions: the Phenomenon of the Influence of Private Investors by Means of Social Networks 证券市场状况:社会网络影响私人投资者的现象
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).1
N. Zvyagintseva, Ksenia Ovchinnikova
The key trend in the development of the securities market in 2020–2021 was a record inflow of retail investors. At the same time, the increasing number of private investors on the stock market is accompanied by their active use of social networks. The development of social networks enables private investors to establish communication with each other, pool capital and develop common strategies, which ultimately increase the influence of individuals on the stock market dynamics. A review of modern economic scientific literature has shown insufficient coverage of the issue of social networks impact on the securities market. In this connection, the authors made an attempt to investigate such precedents to systematize them. The article presents the dynamics of the number of private investors and their share in trading turnover, gives reasons for the expansion of retail investors presence on the securities market, considers statistics demonstrating the breadth of the Internet and social networks penetration into various spheres of citizens' life. Cases of market manipulation through the actions of private investors in social networks were analyzed and summarized, as well as government regulators’ reaction to such actions was revealed. A number of risks associated with social networks influence on investment decisions by private investors are identified and recommendations for their protection and leveling the negative background of social networks are proposed.
2020-2021年证券市场发展的关键趋势是散户投资者的创纪录流入。与此同时,股票市场上越来越多的私人投资者伴随着他们对社交网络的积极使用。社交网络的发展使私人投资者能够建立彼此之间的沟通,汇集资金并制定共同的策略,最终增加个人对股市动态的影响。对现代经济科学文献的回顾表明,社会网络对证券市场影响的报道不足。在这方面,作者试图调查这些先例,使其系统化。本文介绍了私人投资者数量的动态及其在交易量中的份额,给出了散户投资者在证券市场上扩张的原因,考虑了显示互联网和社交网络渗透到公民生活各个领域的广度的统计数据。分析和总结了私人投资者在社交网络中操纵市场的案例,并揭示了政府监管机构对此类行为的反应。确定了与社交网络影响私人投资者投资决策有关的若干风险,并提出了保护和消除社交网络负面背景的建议。
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引用次数: 1
Methodology of Economic Science and Problems of Objectivity in Economics 经济学方法论与经济学客观性问题
Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(2).1
T. Ogorodnikova, A. Solomein, Irina Shipunova
The article described the specifics of economic science in the context of general scientific principles of cognition and the need to ensure the stability of economic systems. The research examined the nature and essence of objective and subjective factors of economic behavior, the nature of their interaction and the mechanism of transformation. Objective economic laws of differentiation of economic entities by the level of absolute welfare and equality of relative welfare are formulated. The state of the economic system is considered from the position of thermodynamic equilibrium. We formulated the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium of economic systems, which differs from the condition of equilibrium in the light of mechanistic concepts. The moment of the first archaic division of labor was highlighted as the point of bifurcation and the exit of the economic system from the state of thermodynamic equilibrium. The irreversible nature of this transition was emphasized. We found that it is necessary to study economic systems as non-equilibrium from the standpoint of assessing the state of complex dynamic structural formations.
文章在一般科学认知原则和确保经济系统稳定性的需要的背景下描述了经济科学的具体内容。研究考察了影响经济行为的主客观因素的性质和本质、主客观因素相互作用的性质和转化机制。建立了以绝对福利水平和相对福利平等区分经济主体的客观经济规律。经济系统的状态是从热力学平衡的角度来考虑的。我们提出了经济系统的热力学平衡条件,它不同于机械概念上的平衡条件。第一次古代劳动分工的时刻被强调为经济系统从热力学平衡状态的分叉点和退出点。会议强调了这一过渡的不可逆转性。我们发现有必要从评估复杂动态结构形态状态的角度来研究非均衡经济系统。
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引用次数: 0
Experience of Research Misseling in the Practices of Russian Retail Banks 研究偏差在俄罗斯零售银行实践中的经验
Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(2).5
N. Polyakova, V. Polyakov, E. Shagina, Zhanna Kulizhskaya
The study examined phenomenon of misseling — a sales practice in in which a product or service is deliberately misrepresented or a customer is misled- in the activities of banks in the retail market. Currently, this phenomenon is clearly insufficiently studied, especially from a scientific standpoint. Meanwhile, the problem of banks using unfair practices is relevant not only because of violation of consumer rights, but also because it undermines the strategic foundations for the development of the banks themselves and the banking system as a whole, destroying the trust and customer loyalty to banks and the banking system as a whole. The authors employed Mystery Shopper observation method and content analysis of ads posted on social networks Instagram, Facebook, YouTube to study the misseling in the activities of three banks in Irkutsk .The study found the presence of misseling: deliberately providing consumers with incomplete information about the characteristics of the product; using not entirely reliable information in working with clients by hiding possible alternatives for choosing and persistently offering a certain solution option as the only one or the best; imposing additional services or product options; the use of manipulative methods of persuading consumers in advertising of the bank and its products. We believe that the use of misseling reduces the socio-economic role of the bank as a financial organization, and its activities "slide" to the level of usury.
该研究调查了银行在零售市场活动中的不当销售现象——一种故意歪曲产品或服务或误导客户的销售行为。目前,对这一现象的研究显然不够充分,尤其是从科学的角度来看。同时,银行使用不公平做法的问题不仅因为侵犯了消费者的权利,而且因为它破坏了银行本身和整个银行体系发展的战略基础,破坏了客户对银行和整个银行体系的信任和忠诚度。作者采用神秘购物者观察法,对社交网络Instagram、Facebook、YouTube上发布的广告进行内容分析,研究伊尔库茨克三家银行活动中的误导行为。研究发现,误导行为存在:故意向消费者提供不完整的产品特征信息;在与客户合作中使用不完全可靠的信息,隐藏可能的选择方案,并将某一解决方案作为唯一或最好的方案不断提供;提供额外的服务或产品选择;在银行及其产品的广告中使用操纵的方法来说服消费者。我们认为,不当行为的使用降低了银行作为金融机构的社会经济作用,其活动“滑向”高利贷的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Destructive Social Engineering as a Threat to Economic Security: Methods Used and the Scale of the Phenomenon 破坏性社会工程对经济安全的威胁:使用的方法和现象的规模
Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(2).14
L. Sanina, Oksana Chepinoga, E. Rzhepka, O. Palkin
The growing interest in researching the topic of defining the essence of social engineering as a threat to economic security is due to the increasing complexity of the information and technical components of the life of modern society. At the same time, with the complication of all processes existing in society, information threats are becoming more complex and increasing. Information threats arising from the outside have the ability to penetrate the most protected systems of organizations of various levels, realizing the goals of the subjects of hacking. The situation is getting more complicated every year also because, as a rule, the goals of such incursions into the sphere of information security are extremely destructive. In the course of the study, we analyzed six methods of social engineering combining fraudulent schemes of different levels of complexity, which are currently used in a destructive manner and negatively affect economic security. The scale of information leaks in the financial sector in 2019–2020 is illustrated by data type, intent, culprit, and type of incident. We found that social engineering methods are adaptive, they change in accordance with fluid environmental conditions, and therefore, security personnel need to stay up-to-date on current methods and schemes to prevent hacking activities.
由于现代社会生活中信息和技术成分的日益复杂,人们对研究将社会工程的本质定义为对经济安全的威胁这一主题的兴趣日益浓厚。与此同时,随着社会中各种进程的复杂化,信息威胁也越来越复杂和增加。来自外部的信息威胁有能力渗透到各级组织最严密的防护系统中,实现黑客攻击主体的目的。这种情况每年都变得越来越复杂,因为,作为一种规则,这种入侵信息安全领域的目标是极具破坏性的。在研究过程中,我们分析了六种结合不同复杂程度的欺诈方案的社会工程方法,这些方法目前以破坏性的方式使用,并对经济安全产生负面影响。2019-2020年金融行业信息泄露规模按数据类型、意图、肇事者和事件类型进行说明。我们发现社会工程方法是自适应的,它们会根据变化的环境条件而变化,因此,安全人员需要了解最新的方法和方案,以防止黑客活动。
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引用次数: 0
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Baikal Research Journal
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