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Concept of Development to Regulate Relations in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Robotics: Analysis of the Main Provisions 规范人工智能技术与机器人领域关系的发展观:主要规定分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).15
I. Begishev
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2129-R of August 19, 2020 approved the Concept to regulate relations in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies until 2024. This document currently represents a set of legal perspectives in this area and it also defines the framework for creating a multidimensional legal platform in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. The concept offers different ways to regulate artificial intelligence and robotics systems, in particular, it considers issues related to liability insurance for damage caused by artificial intelligence systems or robots, data exchange and personal data protection systems, problems of exporting artificial intelligence systems and robots, and so on. Analysis of the main provisions of the Concept allowed us to conclude that, given the variety of directions taken into account the document, we can say that, overall, the document is quite logical in the framework of the issue under consideration and with some refinement and additions of individual sections it may take its rightful place among similar foreign analogues.
俄罗斯联邦政府2020年8月19日第2129-R号法令批准了在2024年之前规范人工智能和机器人技术领域关系的概念。本文件目前代表了这一领域的一套法律观点,它还定义了在机器人和人工智能领域创建多维法律平台的框架。该概念为监管人工智能和机器人系统提供了不同的方式,特别是它考虑了与人工智能系统或机器人造成的损害的责任保险、数据交换和个人数据保护系统、出口人工智能系统和机器人的问题等相关的问题。对该概念的主要条款的分析使我们能够得出这样的结论:鉴于考虑到该文件的各种方向,我们可以说,总的来说,该文件在审议中的问题的框架内是相当合乎逻辑的,在对个别章节进行一些改进和补充后,它可能在类似的外国类似文件中占有适当的地位。
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引用次数: 1
Methods to Choose IT Project Executors 选择IT项目执行者的方法
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).7
T. Khitrova, Sergey Ovanesyan, A. Nizovtseva
Companies working in the field of IT technologies, in most cases, implement a project management approach. A significant problem of the project management paradigm is the creation of the project team. The main criterion that determines the possibility of choosing a specialist for the project team is the level of his compliance with the required set of competencies. The task can be solved using the system analysis. Hierarchical decomposition of functions and criteria allows us to form a relative assessment of applicants to assign for the project. The article examined an example of decomposition of the system of functions, criteria and the results of assessing relative importance of functions for the implementation of a project in the support department of accounting programs of the company "En + Digital". In the process of project implementation, it becomes necessary to address the issue of operational distribution and work redistribution adjusting appointed executors. The article discusses the methods of redistributing functions using internal resource and possibilities of hiring third-party performers. The research determined the necessity to use informational assessment of team members work load while managing the project.
在大多数情况下,从事IT技术领域工作的公司都采用项目管理方法。项目管理范式的一个重要问题是项目团队的创建。决定为项目团队选择专家的可能性的主要标准是他对所需能力集的遵从程度。该任务可以通过系统分析来解决。功能和标准的分层分解使我们能够形成对项目分配的申请人的相对评估。本文研究了一个功能系统分解的例子,标准和评估功能相对重要性的结果,以实施公司“En + Digital”的会计计划支持部门的项目。在项目实施过程中,需要解决业务分配和工作再分配的问题,调整指定执行人。本文讨论了利用内部资源重新分配职能的方法和雇用第三方执行者的可能性。该研究确定了在管理项目时使用团队成员工作量信息评估的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of Social Entrepreneurship: Motivation and Competitiveness 社会企业家精神的问题:动机与竞争力
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).18
T. Terekhova, E. Trofimova, Svetlana Malakhaeva, G. Kuzmina
The article examined the specifics of economical self-determination of social entrepreneurs. We identified main socio-psychological characteristics of social entrepreneurs based on international and domestic studies of this phenomenon. The sample included 104 small business entrepreneurs in Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. 52 of them were social entrepreneurs and 52 were commercial. We used different methods including qualitative methods: interviews and an associative experiment. The goal of the study was to identify the key motives of entrepreneurial activity, polymotivation trends, attitudes towards competition, competitiveness, and relationships between them. The study found that social entrepreneurs in their activities are mainly focused on the motives of personal self-realization, the desire to implement their ideas, overcome difficulties and achieve results, they have more pronounced altruistic and social motives. Social entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards competition and, at the same time, seek to cooperate with partners.
本文考察了社会企业家经济自决的具体情况。基于国际和国内对这一现象的研究,我们确定了社会企业家的主要社会心理特征。样本包括伊尔库茨克和伊尔库茨克地区的104名小企业企业家。其中52人是社会企业家,52人是商业企业家。我们使用了不同的方法,包括定性方法:访谈和联想实验。本研究的目的是确定创业活动的主要动机、多动机趋势、对竞争的态度、竞争力以及它们之间的关系。研究发现,社会企业家在其活动中的动机主要集中在个人自我实现的动机上,渴望实现自己的想法,克服困难,取得成果,他们有更明显的利他主义和社会动机。社会企业家对竞争持积极态度,同时寻求与伙伴合作。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Ability and Socio-Psychological Adaptation of Teachers 教师认知能力与社会心理适应
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).17
I. Serafimovich, K. Egorova
The research emphasized the necessity to study cognitive abilities of an individual to overcome modern challenges in the educational system. The article examined the data that shows interconnections of cognitive abilities and socio-psychological adaptation of teachers. We examined different criteria of social and psychological adaptation related to efficacy as well as to the self-evaluation of psychosocial health and comprehensive adaptiveness of a personality. The study revealed demonstrated that externality in working relations is positively connected with the comprehensive adaptiveness. We suggest that high cognitivel abilities of teachers support the flexibility and creativity in working with children; they also influence positive evaluation of personality traits as well as self-evaluation of professional attributes. The study of cognitive abilities of a personality allows to extend and enhance the concept of a personality potential both in theoretical and practical aspects.
该研究强调了研究个人认知能力以克服现代教育系统挑战的必要性。本文考察了教师认知能力与社会心理适应之间的相互联系。我们研究了与效能相关的社会和心理适应的不同标准,以及心理社会健康和人格综合适应的自我评估。研究表明,工作关系中的外部性与综合适应性呈正相关。我们认为,教师的高认知能力支持与儿童合作的灵活性和创造性;对人格特质的积极评价和职业属性的自我评价也有影响。对人格认知能力的研究可以从理论和实践两个方面扩展和加强人格潜能的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Application of the Beta-Binomial Distribution for Statistical Processing of Student Grades -二项分布在学生成绩统计处理中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).3
V. Bratischenko
Statistical processing of students' grades is used to solve various problems in managing the educational process. Traditional methods of mathematical statistics do not correspond to the properties of student grades. The paper proposes to adapt the IRT models for describing grades to improve the whole process. A model based on beta-binomial distribution is proposed, in which the parameters take into account the student's ability and the difficulty of getting a passing grade. The use of this probability distribution is justified by the ability to take into account the variation of grades. It is proposed to use two approaches to identify the parameters. The first approach is based on the use of numerical methods for finding parameters for solving a system of equations. The second one uses the Bayesian approach, which makes it possible to rather effectively refine the parameters when obtaining new estimates. Based on the results of processing an array of estimates, the adequacy of the model was confirmed by several statistical criteria.
学生成绩的统计处理是为了解决教育过程管理中的各种问题。传统的数理统计方法不符合学生成绩的性质。本文建议采用IRT模型来描述等级,以改进整个过程。提出了一种基于β -二项分布的模型,该模型的参数考虑了学生的能力和获得及格分数的难度。这种概率分布的使用是合理的,因为它能够考虑到等级的变化。建议使用两种方法来识别参数。第一种方法是基于使用数值方法来寻找求解方程组的参数。第二种方法使用贝叶斯方法,这使得在获得新的估计时可以相当有效地改进参数。根据处理一系列估计的结果,若干统计标准证实了该模型的充分性。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-Economic Aspects of the Development of Agricultural Enterprises in Irkutsk Region 伊尔库茨克地区农业企业发展的社会经济方面
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).12
S. Vinokurov
Living standards and the level of socio-economic development are inextricably linked to the economic efficiency of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of the material goods. The productivity and salary level of agro-industrial enterprises have a decisive influence on the level of agricultural enterprises development and financial capabilities. The article analyzed the impact of the main factors on the workers wages in Irkutsk region agricultural enterprises. The study focused on the analysis of wage dynamics and its impact on productivity in agricultural enterprises. The study concluded that there is a need to develop, strengthen and improve production by creating conditions for the development of industrial and agricultural production, which will lead to the creation of additional jobs and increase the gross domestic product production to provide the population with high quality food products.
生活水平和社会经济发展水平与物质产品的生产、分配、交换和消费的经济效率密不可分。农工企业的生产率和工资水平对农工企业的发展水平和财务能力有着决定性的影响。本文分析了影响伊尔库茨克地区农业企业职工工资的主要因素。本研究着重分析了农业企业的工资动态及其对生产率的影响。该研究的结论是,有必要为工业和农业生产的发展创造条件,从而发展、加强和改善生产,从而创造更多的就业机会,增加国内生产总值(gdp),为国民提供高质量的食品。
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引用次数: 0
Innovative Directions of Business Development in the Tourism Sector in the Baikal Region 贝加尔湖地区旅游业商业发展的创新方向
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).5
O. Chistyakova
This article discusses innovative directions of business development in the tourism sector in the Baikal Region. The article examines the need to increase the availability and attractiveness of tourist services while preserving the ecosystem of the lake Baikal and adjacent territories. The author proposed to create new points of growth for tourism entrepreneurship in the Baikal Region by modernizing and creating new tourist infrastructure facilities. The research examined the expediency of creating an ecological Technopark and an international tourist and recreational complex in Irkutsk. The ecological Technopark can become the tourist core of Irkutsk, as well as the historical part of the city. The development of the Taltsy Museum, including the construction of new objects of both historical and commercial orientation, including the creation of an urban zone like the 130th quarter, is an innovative direction to develop entrepreneurship in the tourism sector in the Baikal region. The article suggests the feasibility of using the concept of glamping entrepreneurship in the Baikal Region. The most important innovative direction is the creation of a biotechnological valley in the Baikal Region. It will focus on the development of entrepreneurship in the field of modern biopharmaceutical technologies, as well as inbound educational, business and medical tourism. The research examined domestic and international experience of operating biotechnological clusters.
本文讨论了贝加尔湖地区旅游业发展的创新方向。本文探讨了在保护贝加尔湖和邻近地区生态系统的同时,增加旅游服务的可用性和吸引力的必要性。作者建议通过现代化和创造新的旅游基础设施,为贝加尔湖地区的旅游创业创造新的增长点。该研究考察了在伊尔库茨克建立一个生态科技园和国际旅游和娱乐综合体的便利性。生态科技园可以成为伊尔库茨克的旅游核心,以及城市的历史部分。塔尔齐博物馆的发展,包括历史和商业方向的新对象的建设,包括创建一个像第130季度这样的城市区域,是贝加尔湖地区旅游业发展创业的创新方向。本文提出了在贝加尔湖地区运用豪华露营创业理念的可行性。最重要的创新方向是在贝加尔湖地区建立生物技术山谷。它将重点发展现代生物制药技术领域的创业精神,以及入境教育、商业和医疗旅游。本研究考察了国内外经营生物技术集群的经验。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Energy as a Tool to Reduce the Risk of the Quality of Life Decrease 可持续能源作为降低生活质量下降风险的工具
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).4
V. Loktionov
At present, sustainable energy based on new technologies and dissipative structures is considered as the main tool for combating climate change and reducing anthropogenic impact on the environment. At the same time, the development of dynamic energy that creates flexible and adaptive economic and energy systems is going to become the main factor to reduce negative impact of energy insecurity on the quality of life of the population. This article analyzes the mechanism of propagation of the negative impulse arising from the implementation of threats to energy security, which, passing from element to element of the country's economic system, including energy system, leads to a decrease in the quality of life of the population. Within the framework of the economic system, there is either attenuation or strengthening of the negative initial impulse triggered by the implementation of a particular threat to energy security. In the course of the study, we identified the factors that amplify the negative effect of the passage of an impulse in different segments of the national economy, as well as factors associated with the development of sustainable energy, which contribute to the attenuation of the negative impulse and ensure an increase in the quality of life of the population.
目前,基于新技术和耗散结构的可持续能源被认为是应对气候变化和减少人类活动对环境影响的主要工具。与此同时,动态能源的发展创造了灵活和适应性的经济和能源系统,将成为减少能源不安全对人口生活质量的负面影响的主要因素。本文分析了能源安全威胁的实施所产生的负面冲击的传播机制,这种负面冲击在包括能源系统在内的国家经济体系的各个要素之间传递,导致人口生活质量下降。在经济系统的框架内,对能源安全的特定威胁的实施所引发的消极初始冲击要么减弱,要么加强。在研究过程中,我们确定了放大国民经济不同部门中脉冲传递负面影响的因素,以及与可持续能源发展相关的因素,这些因素有助于衰减负脉冲并确保人口生活质量的提高。
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引用次数: 0
Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms 货币政策传导机制
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).9
S. Kurgansky
Policy-makers must be able to accurately assess the effects of their policies on the economy, especially in the period of economic instability. To do this, they need to study the mechanisms through which monetary policy affect the economic activity. The article examined theoretical approaches and ways (or channels), in which monetary policy effect aggregate demand and other economic indicators. The article showed that efficiency of the transmission mechanism and its channels are determined by the state-of-the-art of the financial system. In Russia the following channels play a significant role: interest-rate, exchange rate, bank lending channel and inflation expectation channels.
决策者必须能够准确地评估其政策对经济的影响,特别是在经济不稳定时期。为此,他们需要研究货币政策影响经济活动的机制。本文考察了货币政策影响总需求和其他经济指标的理论方法和途径(或渠道)。研究表明,传导机制和传导渠道的效率是由金融体系的发展水平决定的。在俄罗斯,利率渠道、汇率渠道、银行贷款渠道和通胀预期渠道发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing Subjectivity and Rupture of Interdisciplinary Communication as Ways to Implement Universal Competencies 主体性的增强与跨学科交流的断裂:实现通用能力的途径
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(4).2
A. Merkulov, V. Tkachev, Marina Tkacheva
The article presents a critical approach to the worldview the universal competences of the IV Federal State Educational Standard is based on. It is shown that this approach is shaped by the content of the competencies themselves. The constant changeability of society and the awareness of the urgency call for the use of the dialectical-materialist method. Based on the realities of the educational space, which cannot currently be reformed on the basis of the dialectical-materialist method, we examine ways to use dialectical-materialist method of thinking of students to understand the relationship of universal competencies. In addition we proposed to strengthen interdisciplinary connections. The current state of the sphere of higher education allows, with certain organizational efforts, to achieve positive results.
本文提出了一种批判性的方法,以世界观的普遍能力的第四联邦州教育标准是基于。结果表明,这种方法是由能力本身的内容形成的。社会的不断变化和紧迫感要求我们运用辩证唯物主义的方法。基于目前不能用辩证唯物主义方法来改造的教育空间的现实,我们探讨了如何用学生的辩证唯物主义思维方法来理解普遍能力的关系。此外,我们建议加强跨学科的联系。高等教育领域的现状允许在一定的组织努力下取得积极成果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Baikal Research Journal
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