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Efficiency of State Economy Regulation Tools in Contemporary Russia 当代俄罗斯国有经济调控工具的有效性
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).6
Viktor Kolodin, Elizaveta Zaitseva
It has now become obvious that market economy is not able to develop successfully without government support. Moreover, state regulation is becoming increasingly important, particularly in the periods of recession. The pandemic of COVID-19 has changed the world and required strengthening the regulatory function of the state. In 2020, the government had to provide for organizing and financing the national health care system, free vaccination and medicines for the public, allowances to families with children and to people on unpaid leaves, as well as subsidies and reduced-rate lending to businesses. The demand for statism – a doctrine that the political authority of the state is the objective and result of social development – is a new trend in the world. Russian economy currently features a slow pace of growth, a lack of private investments, and a decrease of real disposable income. In this context, studies of efficiency of economy regulatory tools used by the state are becoming topical. The article analyzes the role of the state in the society, determines its functions and objectives, objects and subjects, and describes its administrative and economic regulatory tools. The authors point out the country’s economic problems of the recent decade and estimate the efficiency of the economy regulation tools used by the state.
现在已经很明显,没有政府的支持,市场经济是不可能成功发展的。此外,国家监管正变得越来越重要,尤其是在经济衰退时期。新冠肺炎大流行改变了世界,需要加强国家监管职能。2020年,政府必须组织和资助国家卫生保健系统,为公众提供免费疫苗接种和药品,向有孩子的家庭和无薪休假的人提供补贴,以及向企业提供补贴和减息贷款。国家主义是一种认为国家的政治权威是社会发展的目标和结果的学说,对国家主义的要求是世界上的一种新趋势。俄罗斯经济目前增长缓慢,缺乏私人投资,实际可支配收入减少。在这种背景下,研究国家使用的经济监管工具的效率成为热门话题。文章分析了国家在社会中的作用,确定了国家的职能和目标、客体和主体,并描述了国家的行政和经济调控工具。作者指出了近十年来国家的经济问题,并对国家使用的经济调控工具的效率进行了估计。
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引用次数: 2
The Self-Concept Features of Officers of the Russian Federation Armed Forces 俄罗斯联邦武装部队军官的自我概念特征
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).24
A. Kozhevina
The article is devoted to the problem of the peculiarities of the Self-concept of officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The concept of "self-concept of personality", as well as the peculiarities of the personality of military personnel are considered. The article presents a study aimed at identifying the features of the Self-concept of officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal, some methods were used designed to identify the features of the self-concept, to identify the features of self-attitude, self-esteem, self-esteem of the individual. An empirical study of the features of the Self-concept of officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was conducted, and the features of the Self-concept of the personality of junior and senior officers were revealed. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the majority of the subjects of the senior officer group are characterized by a high level of self-esteem, which indicates that such officers respect themselves as a person, an individual, as a professional and continue to develop, improve in the profession, spiritually and intellectually, in the field of relationships, learn lessons from mistakes and difficult situations; positive self-attitude; high adequate self-esteem, in which people recognize adequately their dignity, they are characterized by self-confidence, determination, firmness, the ability to find and make logical decisions, implement them consistently. Most of the subjects of the junior officer group are characterized by an average level of self-esteem, which suggests that such officers tend to balance between self-esteem and self-humiliation; positive self-attitude, average adequate self-esteem.
这篇文章专门讨论了俄罗斯联邦武装部队军官自我概念的特殊性问题。考虑了“人格自我概念”的概念,以及军人人格的特殊性。本文提出了一项旨在确定俄罗斯联邦武装部队军官自我概念特征的研究。为了实现这一目标,我们设计了一些方法来识别自我概念的特征,识别个体的自我态度、自尊、自尊的特征。对俄罗斯联邦武装部队军官自我概念特征进行了实证研究,揭示了初级军官和高级军官人格自我概念的特征。对研究结果的分析表明,高级军官群体的大多数受试者都具有高度自尊的特点,这表明这些军官将自己视为一个人、一个个体、一个专业人员,并在专业、精神和智力、人际关系领域不断发展、提高,从错误和困难的情况中吸取教训;积极self-attitude;高度充分的自尊,人们充分认识到自己的尊严,他们的特点是自信,决心,坚定,有能力找到并做出合乎逻辑的决定,并始终如一地执行这些决定。初级军官组大多数被试的自尊水平处于中等水平,这表明初级军官倾向于在自尊和自卑之间取得平衡;积极的自我态度,平均足够的自尊。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of Applying Special Grounds for Exemption from Criminal Liability for Kidnapping 绑架犯罪特殊事由免除刑事责任的适用问题
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).27
Tatiana Bersh, A. Khristyuk
Despite the positive attitude towards the presence of compromise norms in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, containing the possibility of exemption from criminal liability for a committed crime, their mere presence seems insufficient. It is important to introduce a mechanism for the functioning of the norms, which will describe in detail all the stages necessary for their application. The article discusses controversial issues of insufficient legislative regulation of exemption from criminal liability on the basis of the application of a note to Art. 126 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The opinions of scientists concerning the application of special grounds for exemption from criminal liability for kidnapping are generalized, the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation regarding the understanding of the term “voluntary release of the kidnapped” is considered. A number of controversial issues that have not been taken into account by the legislator, which require mandatory regulation, are cited. The article examines the existing judicial practice of applying the note to Art. 126 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. A lack of uniformity in the law enforcement activities of the judiciary was revealed. Supplements are proposed to the new resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2019 No. 58 to increase the effectiveness of the application of the considered grounds for exemption from criminal liability. As a result, a proposal was put forward that is aimed at improving the note to Art. 126 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The issues raised in the article are of scientific and practical interest.
尽管对《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》中存在妥协规范持积极态度,其中载有对所犯罪行免除刑事责任的可能性,但仅仅存在这些规范似乎是不够的。重要的是引入一种规范运作的机制,它将详细描述其应用所必需的所有阶段。该条根据对《俄罗斯联邦刑法》第126条的一项说明的适用,讨论了关于免除刑事责任的立法规定不足的有争议的问题。概括了科学家们关于适用豁免绑架刑事责任的特殊理由的意见,并审议了俄罗斯联邦最高法院对“自愿释放被绑架者”一词的理解的立场。一些有争议的问题没有被立法者考虑到,这需要强制性的监管,被引用。本文审查了现行的适用《俄罗斯联邦刑法》第126条的说明的司法实践。司法机关的执法活动缺乏一致性。建议对俄罗斯联邦最高法院2019年12月24日第58号全体会议新决议进行补充,以提高所审议的免除刑事责任理由适用的有效性。因此,提出了一项建议,旨在改进对俄罗斯联邦刑法第126条的说明。文章中提出的问题具有科学和实际意义。
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引用次数: 1
Legislative Initiatives Regarding the Tightening of the Responsibility for Non-Fulfillment of the Obligation to Undergo Treatment for Drug Addiction: Problems and Future Visions 加强不履行戒毒义务责任的立法举措:问题与未来展望
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).26
A. Alekseeva, Marina Kolosovich, Natalia Sysolina
Various psychoactive substances that are in illegal circulation cause significant damage to the health of the population. Discussions among scientists about measures to reduce the level of drug use have not been stopped for many decades. The main goal of all researches is to search for effective anti-narcotic drugs and the implementation into practice of new technologies to counter drug crime. Following the scientists, a legislator tries to choose the most optimal designs that allow an objective and comprehensive assessment of the actions of violators, taking into account the need to save repressive measures. In the first edition, the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation allowed the use of compulsory medical measures to persons with an established diagnosis of "drug addiction". Later, the measures of compulsory treatment were recognized as inhumane and abolished. They were replaced by the institution of imposing by the court on a drug addict the obligation to undergo treatment for drug addiction, medical and (or) social rehabilitation. As an interim measure, a legislator in 2013 put into effect Article 6.9.1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, which provides liability for evading a drug addict from the duty imposed by the court. Currently, a legislator offers to tighten the responsibility of a drug addict for evading treatment and rehabilitation by introducing an administrative prejudice. The conducted research has shown that it is possible to achieve the desired result by other means.
非法流通的各种精神活性物质对人口健康造成严重损害。几十年来,科学家们一直在讨论降低药物使用水平的措施。所有研究的主要目的是寻找有效的缉毒药物和实施打击毒品犯罪的新技术。在科学家的指导下,立法者试图选择最优的设计,以便对违规者的行为进行客观和全面的评估,同时考虑到保留镇压措施的必要性。在第一版中,现行的《俄罗斯联邦刑法》允许对确诊为"吸毒成瘾"的人采取强制性医疗措施。后来,强制治疗措施被认为是不人道的,并被废除。取而代之的是由法院规定吸毒成瘾者有义务接受戒毒治疗、医疗和(或)社会康复的制度。作为一项临时措施,一名立法者于2013年实施了《俄罗斯联邦行政犯罪法》第6.9.1条,其中规定了逃避法院规定的吸毒成瘾者的责任。目前,一名议员提议通过引入行政偏见来加强吸毒成瘾者逃避治疗和康复的责任。所进行的研究表明,通过其他手段也可以达到预期的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of the Relationship Between Grocery Retail Chains and Their Suppliers in the New Economic Context 新经济背景下杂货零售连锁店与供应商关系的转变
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).8
A. Fedotov, V. Burakov
The present-day economic situation affected by the pandemic are causing certain changes in the relationships between grocery retailers and producers. The article studies transformation of these relationships, including agreements and conflicts, in the context of a new trading formats and the emergence of a new grocery market infrastructure. The authors state that the key problem of relationships between the two parties is unreasonable extra requirements that retail chains commonly expect suppliers to meet. The hypothesis based on the analysis of the up-to-date sources of information assumes that the conflicts are usually caused by pricing, logistics and marketing barriers set by retail chains in the process of signing deals. Basing on the results of a statistic and factor analysis and on the empirical quantity and quality data, the authors study the opportunity of applying a new strategy of interaction between grocery retailers and producers.
受大流行影响的当前经济形势正在使杂货零售商和生产者之间的关系发生某些变化。本文研究了在新的贸易形式和新的杂货市场基础设施出现的背景下,这些关系的转变,包括协议和冲突。作者指出,双方关系的关键问题是零售连锁店通常期望供应商满足的不合理的额外要求。基于对最新信息来源分析的假设认为,冲突通常是由零售连锁店在签订交易过程中设置的定价、物流和营销障碍引起的。基于统计分析和因子分析的结果,以及实证数量和质量数据,作者研究了在食品杂货零售商和生产者之间应用一种新的互动策略的机会。
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引用次数: 0
On the Frequency of Monitoring and Updating a Company's Strategic Business Development Plans 论公司战略业务发展计划的监控和更新频率
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).14
A. Shupletsov, Maria V. Matveeva, Kirill Burov
Amid economic or political uncertainty, strategic planning is an integral attribute of the success of entrepreneurial activities. Strategic planning has a special advantage over other types of business planning, namely its dynamic nature, when the draft plan is adjusted to the changed conditions of the economic environment. But the launch of the plan adjustment process is complicated by the need to select significant indicators of economic processes, on the basis of which the adjustment will be made. The main tool for the company’s management team to address the question of the frequency of the plan updating is the use of accounting and financial statement indicators. The purpose of the work is to analyze alternative methods of making managerial decisions in relation to the adjustment of strategic plans of the enterprise development. The main disadvantages of the management control system are identified on the basis of accounting and financial statements. The authors suggest such alternatives as making management decisions on the basis of intuitive understanding of the economic reality and the use of neural networks to monitor the economic environment at both the macro and micro levels, in order to trace any deviations from the specified vector of development. They also highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tools. Thus, the main disadvantage of the intuitive managerial decision-making is the loss of verifiability of the proposed response measures; as for artificial neural networks, the main disadvantages here are a complex mathematical apparatus and a very time-consuming process needed for the effective network training.
在经济或政治不确定的情况下,战略规划是创业活动成功的一个不可或缺的因素。战略规划比其他类型的商业规划有一个特殊的优势,即它的动态性,当计划草案随着经济环境的变化而调整时。但是,计划调整的启动过程由于需要选择经济过程的重要指标而变得复杂,调整将在这些指标的基础上进行。公司管理团队解决计划更新频率问题的主要工具是使用会计和财务报表指标。这项工作的目的是分析与企业发展战略计划调整有关的管理决策的替代方法。在会计和财务报表的基础上,确定了管理控制系统的主要缺点。作者建议在对经济现实的直观理解的基础上做出管理决策,以及利用神经网络在宏观和微观层面监测经济环境,以便追踪任何偏离特定发展矢量的情况。他们还强调了所建议的工具的主要优点和缺点。因此,直觉管理决策的主要缺点是所提出的应对措施缺乏可验证性;对于人工神经网络而言,其主要缺点是数学装置复杂,并且需要非常耗时的过程才能有效地训练网络。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Impact of Forestry on the Economy 林业对经济的制度影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).4
Dmitry A. Litvin, Galina I. Davydova, A. Biryukova
The problems of the forest sector identified by many researchers are primarily related to the quality of institutions and the lack of effective institutional relations in the industry, according to the authors’ opinion. The results presented in the article, which prove the existence of a causal relationship between the qualitative characteristics of institutions and institutional relations and economic results, are shown for the first time in the case of the forest industry. In order to achieve the objective, the economic interrelations between forest industry entities are analyzed in the context of their institutional environment. It is revealed that the existing institutional structure of the industry supports the conflict of incentives between the owner (state) and the user (tenant) of forest land. The theoretical aspects of the specification of property rights, minimization of transaction costs and costs of contractual relations in the Russian forest industry to increase its economic efficiency are investigated. The transformation of Russian forest industry institutions should be based on the comparative advantages of existing institutions, economic models of successful forest management, objective institutional and economic indicators of sustainable growth, such as the specification of property rights and the minimization of specific transaction costs.
根据作者的观点,许多科学家发现的森林部门的问题主要与制度质量和该行业缺乏有效的制度关系有关。本文提出的结果首次以林业为例,证明制度的质量特征和制度关系与经济结果之间存在因果关系。为了实现这一目标,本文将森林工业实体的经济相互关系置于其制度环境的背景下进行分析。研究发现,现有的行业制度结构支持林地所有者(国家)与使用者(租户)之间的激励冲突。理论方面的产权规范,最小化交易成本和合同关系成本在俄罗斯森林工业,以提高其经济效率进行了调查。俄罗斯森林工业体制的改革应以现有体制的比较优势、成功森林管理的经济模式、可持续增长的客观体制和经济指标,如产权的具体规定和具体交易成本的最小化为基础。
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引用次数: 0
The Interrelation of Satisfaction with Online Education at the University with the Individual Psychological Characteristics of Students 高校网络教育满意度与学生个体心理特征的相互关系
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).19
Evgeniya Vorontsova
In the last two years, changes related to the provision of educational services using a virtual educational environment have been taking place more intensively in the field of education, which is reflected in psychological scientific research in various areas of science. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship of satisfaction with online learning of a university student with their individual psychological characteristics. Students of Irkutsk and Angarsk universities took part in the study. A theoretical analysis of modern psychological literature on the following issues is carried out: directions of digitalization; the concept of satisfaction with learning; satisfaction factors. The methodological basis of the research is the research of A.L. Zhuravlev, I.A. Zimnaya, B.B. Aysmontas. The empirical part of the work includes qualitative (identification of satisfaction factors) and quantitative (survey, testing) methods of analysis. Mathematical and statistical analysis included the method of correlation analysis, the use of the criterion of differences. The results of the study of the structure of satisfaction with learning; the identified relationships of satisfaction and individual psychological characteristics of an individual are presented. As a result of the study, correlations of individual psychological characteristics of students (achievement motivation and psychological qualities-discipline, independence) and components of satisfaction with learning are revealed; psychological characteristics of a student who is satisfied and dissatisfied with learning are presented. The obtained results can be used to develop psychological recommendations for the subjects of the educational process to improve online learning.
在过去两年中,与利用虚拟教育环境提供教育服务有关的变化在教育领域发生得更加频繁,这反映在各个科学领域的心理科学研究中。摘要本研究旨在探讨大学生网络学习满意度与其个体心理特征的关系。伊尔库茨克和安加尔斯克大学的学生参加了这项研究。对现代心理学文献的几个问题进行了理论分析:数字化方向;学习满意度的概念;满意度的因素。本研究的方法论基础是A.L. Zhuravlev、I.A. Zimnaya、B.B. Aysmontas的研究。实证部分包括定性(满意度因素的识别)和定量(调查、测试)分析方法。数理统计分析包括相关分析的方法,差异判据的使用。学习满意度结构的研究结果提出了满意度与个体心理特征的关系。研究结果揭示了学生个体心理特征(成就动机、心理素质-纪律性、独立性)与学习满意度各组成部分的相关关系;介绍了学生对学习满意和不满意的心理特征。所获得的结果可用于为教育过程的主体制定心理建议,以改善在线学习。
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引用次数: 0
The Analytical Review of Foreign Studies on the Impact of Taxation on Corporate Investment 国外税收对企业投资影响研究的分析综述
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).2
O. Belomyttseva
The article provides an overview of foreign studies, mainly American ones, on the impact of tax policy on corporate investment. The research revealed the positive impact of maneuvering tax rates and tax incentives on investments in the corporate sector. At the macro level, special attention is paid to the Laffer curve and its modern applications. The possible use of the King - Fullerton model, as well as the active use of regression analysis in its various variations, are analyzed at the micro level. Besides, the taxation of income from investors' capital, including taxes on dividends, capital gains, and income from bonds are the ussies under analysis. The article also pointed out the complexity of tax systems in most countries, the importance of tax competition between different countries, the impact of tax policy on the structure as well as the cost of capital of companies. The authors identify the areas for further research at the macro and micro levels, emphasizing the lack of such research for developing countries and the need for the study of «natural experiments».
本文概述了国外,主要是美国关于税收政策对企业投资影响的研究概况。该研究揭示了机动税率和税收优惠对企业部门投资的积极影响。在宏观层面上,特别关注拉弗曲线及其现代应用。在微观层面上分析了King - Fullerton模型的可能使用,以及回归分析在其各种变体中的积极使用。此外,投资者资本收入的税收,包括股息税、资本利得税和债券收入是分析的问题。文章还指出了大多数国家税收制度的复杂性,不同国家之间税收竞争的重要性,税收政策对公司结构和资金成本的影响。这组作者指出了在宏观和微观层面上需要进一步研究的领域,强调了发展中国家缺乏这类研究以及研究“自然实验”的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing the Irkutsk Oblast Recreational Potential for the Innovation-Driven Growth the Region 利用伊尔库茨克州的娱乐潜力促进该地区的创新驱动增长
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).7
O. Chistyakova
Innovative development of the region implies creation and commercialization of innovations in the most favorable for the region business sectors. The priorities of the Irkutsk region development are to increase the innovation component, to develop high technology and to use the recreational resources of the region for the innovation development. Objective of the study: to determine the ways of using the recreational potential of Irkutsk Oblast for innovation development. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the main aspects of innovative regional development, innovation in the regional tourism and recreation industry. The information and empirical research base of the study was statistical data on the development of tourism in Irkutsk Oblast. The novelty of the research is in the formation of a conceptual approach to the use of recreational resources of Irkutsk Oblast for innovative development of the region through the creation and development in the region of world-class scientific centres in the priority sectors for the development of the region; the establishment in the Cisbaikalia of a geopark and biomedical cluster; development of congress and business tourism, both interregional and international, including transit tourism; engagement of areas not adjacent to Lake Baikal in the tourism industry. The author proposes to consider tourism as a form of export of high-tech eco-oriented living environment. The article provides an analysis of the national projects, programmes and strategies related to the development of innovations in tourism activities in Irkutsk Oblast.
区域的创新发展意味着在最有利于区域商业部门的创新和商业化。伊尔库茨克地区发展的优先事项是增加创新成分,发展高科技,利用该地区的娱乐资源进行创新发展。研究的目的:确定利用伊尔库茨克州的娱乐潜力进行创新发展的方法。本文的研究方法是在理论分析的基础上,从创新区域发展、创新区域旅游休闲产业等方面进行研究。本研究的信息和实证研究基础是伊尔库茨克州旅游业发展的统计数据。该研究的新颖之处在于形成了利用伊尔库茨克州娱乐资源的概念性方法,通过在该地区发展的优先部门建立和发展世界一流的科学中心,促进该地区的创新发展;在西斯贝卡利亚建立地质公园和生物医学集群;发展区域间和国际会议和商务旅游,包括过境旅游;不毗邻贝加尔湖的地区参与旅游业。笔者提出将旅游作为高科技生态人居环境的一种输出形式。本文分析了与伊尔库茨克州旅游活动创新发展有关的国家项目、方案和战略。
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引用次数: 1
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Baikal Research Journal
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