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Improving the Quality Management System in the Locomotive Repair Shops of the Trans-Baikal Railway 完善跨贝加尔湖铁路机车修理厂质量管理体系
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).21
E. Larchenko, Alexander Eremenko, O. Bystrova
In the context of high competition in railway transportation market, quality management is becoming an important prerequisite for attracting customers and meeting their needs, gaining and retaining market share and increasing work efficiency. The current quality management system at the locomotive repair shops has a number of drawbacks that result in long-term idle time of the rolling stock for maintenance or repair and significant expenses. The article deals with the problems of defining the concepts “quality management” and “quality improvement” for locomotive repair shops. The authors analyze the current QMS in the locomotive repair shops of the Trans-Baikal Railway, make a SWOT-analysis, and develop a number of measures and management decisions for improving the quality. An objectives tree for QMS and Ishikawa's Cause-and-Effect-Diagram of inconsistencies are used to determine problems in the locomotive repair shops and propose ways of eliminating inconsistencies in each element of QMS.
在铁路运输市场竞争日趋激烈的背景下,质量管理已成为铁路运输吸引顾客、满足顾客需求、获得和保持市场份额、提高工作效率的重要前提。目前机车修理厂的质量管理体系存在诸多弊端,导致机车车辆长期闲置,维修时间长,费用高。本文论述了机车修理厂“质量管理”和“质量改进”概念的界定问题。对跨贝加尔湖铁路机车修理厂的质量管理体系现状进行了分析,并进行swot分析,提出了提高质量的措施和管理决策。利用质量管理体系的目标树和石川不一致因果图来确定机车修理厂存在的问题,并提出了消除质量管理体系各要素不一致的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Criminological Security as the Ideological Basis of the Theory and Practice of Counteracting Crime 犯罪学安全:反犯罪理论与实践的思想基础
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).30
Sergey Boskholov
This work aims mainly at presenting the basic concepts of criminological security in the note form, which is reasonably evaluated as a complex scientific category and a real social phenomenon in criminology. Criminological security is considered to be the ideological basis and concept of the modern Russian criminal policy, made to set a new and truly humanistic vector for the development of the theory and practice of counteracting crime. The author believes that the development of the theoretical concepts of the criminological security has led to the emergence of a separate direction within the framework of national security — criminological security, which is structurally a part of the state and public security.The article defines criminological security and characterizes its functions, analyzes internal and external threats to criminological security. The idea that criminological security has formed into a private criminological theory and is an important component of the national security is proved.The indicators and trends of crime for the period from 1991 to 2020 are given.
这项工作主要旨在以笔记的形式呈现犯罪学安全的基本概念,这是一个合理的评估,作为一个复杂的科学范畴和犯罪学中的一个真实的社会现象。犯罪学安全被认为是现代俄罗斯刑事政策的思想基础和概念,为打击犯罪的理论和实践的发展提供了新的、真正的人文主义载体。作者认为,犯罪学安全理论概念的发展导致在国家安全的框架内出现了一个独立的方向——犯罪学安全,它在结构上是国家和公共安全的一部分。本文界定了犯罪学安全的概念,界定了犯罪学安全的功能,分析了犯罪学安全面临的内外部威胁。证明了犯罪学安全已经形成了一种私人犯罪学理论,是国家安全的重要组成部分。给出了1991年至2020年期间的犯罪指标和趋势。
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引用次数: 3
Economic Feasibility of Greening Foundation Engineering 绿化基础工程的经济可行性
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).15
O. Presnov, N. Tatarintsev, D. Mikhailova
This article examines the main economic effects associated with the greening of the construction sector in general, and foundation construction, in particular. The paper identifies the key advantages and economic benefits from the introduction of environmental innovations for the state, developers and the population. The central barriers hindering the development of "green building" in Russia are outlined. The economic efficiency of the complex application of resource and energy saving technologies in the construction sector on the example of specific domestic construction projects has been revealed. On the basis of existing theoretical and empirical studies, it was concluded that the economic feasibility of introducing resource-saving technologies in foundation engineering is to minimize labor intensity (without the involvement of special equipment), material costs, metal consumption and construction time, achieve high quality and operational characteristics of construction projects, their economical operation, including reducing heat loss and repair costs.
本文研究了与建筑部门绿化相关的主要经济影响,特别是基础建设。本文确定了引入环境创新对国家、开发商和民众的关键优势和经济效益。概述了阻碍俄罗斯“绿色建筑”发展的主要障碍。以国内具体建设项目为例,揭示了在建筑领域综合应用资源节能技术的经济效益。在现有理论和实证研究的基础上,得出在基础工程中引入资源节约型技术的经济可行性是最大限度地降低劳动强度(不涉及特种设备)、材料成本、金属消耗和施工时间,实现建设项目的高质量和运行特性,其经济运行包括降低热损失和维修成本。
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引用次数: 0
Renovation of Large-Panel Buildings: Peculiar Features in a Non-Capital Region 大面板建筑改造:非首都地区的特色
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).18
O. Grushina, E. Kislov
The period from 1957 to 1985 features mass industrial development — the construction of "Khrushchev-era buildings". Today, poor structural condition of these buildings represents an urgent challenge. The problem of "Khrushchev-era buildings" is especially urgent for the Irkutsk region due to specific climate conditions, materials used and mistakes made during their construction. Renovation in Irkutsk will allow honing the renovation techniques taking into account the seismic conditions of construction and a cold climate. The article deals with the development of a renovation standard project of a separate residential district in Irkutsk. The author's methodology is based on the content and sequence of stages of such a renovation.As a result, the authors have calculated project costs and profits and justified the conditions for obtaining commercial efficiency for a developer. It is shown that the renovation efficiency can be achieved when the area of residential buildings is doubled and more. Another prerequisite for successful renovation process is the recovery of expenses related to resettlement of citizens from demolished houses subsidized by the state buying out apartments for resettlement under programs of liquidation of dilapidated buildings. In conclusion, the authors point out advantages and drawbacks of the renovation for the population and municipal authorities.
1957年至1985年期间,大规模工业发展——建造“赫鲁晓夫时代的建筑”。如今,这些建筑的结构条件差是一个紧迫的挑战。“赫鲁晓夫时代的建筑”的问题对于伊尔库茨克地区来说尤其紧迫,因为它们的特殊气候条件、使用的材料和建造过程中的错误。伊尔库茨克的翻新将考虑到建筑的地震条件和寒冷的气候,从而磨练翻新技术。本文讨论了伊尔库茨克一个独立住宅区的改造标准项目的开发。作者的方法论是基于这种革新的内容和阶段顺序。因此,作者计算了项目成本和利润,并证明了开发商获得商业效率的条件。研究表明,当住宅建筑面积增加一倍以上时,可以达到改造效率。改造成功的另一个先决条件是收回与拆迁居民安置有关的费用,这些费用由国家根据危房清算计划购买公寓进行安置。最后,作者指出了改造对居民和市政当局的利弊。
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引用次数: 2
Increasing Remuneration for Agricultural Workers in the Irkutsk Region as a Result of Increasing of Agricultural Production Efficiency 由于农业生产效率的提高,伊尔库茨克地区农业工人的报酬增加
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).6
I. Savchenko, N. Anikienko, Sergey Savchenko
The provision of regions with local products will be achieved on the basis of increasing labor productivity in agriculture. Financial incentives of workers are of great importance. The article substantiates the need to increase labor productivity in agricultural production. The achieved productivity level of agricultural crops and livestock, as well as labor intensity of production according to product types are considered by the example of agricultural organizations of the Irkutsk region. The level of workers’ wages in agricultural production in the region within 2015–2019 is analyzed. The data on the wage share in the production cost and in the selling price are given. The ways of agricultural production development, such as increasing soil fertility, improving growing crops technology, providing high-performance equipment, improving labor management and remuneration, are considered. On the basis of the proposed measures, it is possible to increase the wage level of agricultural workers.
在提高农业劳动生产率的基础上,实现向地区提供土特产。对工人的经济激励非常重要。这篇文章证实了在农业生产中提高劳动生产率的必要性。以伊尔库茨克地区的农业组织为例,考虑了农作物和牲畜的生产力水平,以及按产品类型生产的劳动强度。分析了2015-2019年区域农业生产工人工资水平。给出了工资在生产成本和销售价格中所占比重的数据。考虑了提高土壤肥力、改进种植作物技术、提供高性能设备、改善劳动管理和报酬等农业生产发展途径。在提出措施的基础上,有可能提高农业工人的工资水平。
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引用次数: 0
The System of Continuous Formation and Development of Entrepreneurial Skills 创业技能的持续形成与发展体系
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).11
L. Sanina, Sergey Mozulev, Maria Mima
In the new economic reality and global transformations, new scenarios of professions and jobs that are not taught anywhere are emerging. In the modern world, knowledge as well as some professions become obsolete very quickly. In this situation, the so-called "soft skills" such as the ability of problem solving with the comprehensive approach, critical thinking, initiative and creativity come to the fore. They are these skills that remain with a person for the rest of their life and help them retrain, find themselves in new professions, adapt to changing living conditions. In our opinion, these skills are formed successfully, when scientific researches in the course of training are conducted, various projects that form entrepreneurial skills are developed. The introduction of a research component and project-based training into educational programs will help those who are looking for a new job now, in the crisis, or in the future. Automation of production processes and robotization go on continuously and increase the role of people, forcing them to compete in creativity and mastering new skills. At the same time, it is important to understand that the formation of skills, and in particular soft skills, is a long process. Therefore, in this study, special attention is paid to the consistency and continuity of training programs for young entrepreneurs, starting from the age of 12. A systematic approach, the interrelated modules and the gradual deepening of knowledge will allow to form a professional with an entrepreneurial mindset. The directions of formation of key entrepreneurial skills are considered (formation and development of interest among young people in entrepreneurial activity; formation of basic skills aimed at creating their own entrepreneurial project; formation and development of entrepreneurial competencies among young people on the basis of an individual educational training; involvement of young people in entrepreneurial activity). The necessary conditions and obstacles to the implementation of the suggested system are justified.
在新的经济现实和全球转型中,新的职业和工作场景正在出现,这些职业和工作在任何地方都没有教授过。在现代世界,知识和一些职业很快就会过时。在这种情况下,所谓的“软技能”,如解决问题的综合方法,批判性思维,主动性和创造性的能力脱颖而出。这些技能会伴随一个人的余生,帮助他们重新接受培训,在新的职业中找到自己,适应不断变化的生活条件。我们认为,这些技能的形成是成功的,在培训过程中进行科学研究,开发各种形成创业技能的项目。在教育计划中引入研究成分和基于项目的培训将帮助那些现在、危机中或未来正在寻找新工作的人。生产过程的自动化和机器人化不断进行,增加了人们的作用,迫使他们在创造力和掌握新技能方面进行竞争。同时,重要的是要明白技能,特别是软技能的形成是一个长期的过程。因此,在本研究中,特别关注从12岁开始的青年企业家培训计划的一致性和连续性。一个系统的方法,相互关联的模块和知识的逐步深化将允许形成具有创业心态的专业人士。研究了关键创业技能的形成方向(年轻人在创业活动中兴趣的形成和发展;形成旨在创建自己的创业项目的基本技能;在个别教育培训的基础上,形成和发展青年人的创业能力;青年参与创业活动)。实施所建议的制度的必要条件和障碍是合理的。
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引用次数: 2
Methods and Tasks Used Within the Communicative Approach to Teach Vocabulary at Language Lessons (Using the Example of Chinese Lessons) 交际教学法中词汇教学的方法和任务(以汉语课堂为例)
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).12
Irina Antipieva
The current approach to teaching foreign languages draws particular attention to the issues of multileveled linguistic competence, its building-up and teacher’s choice of teaching methods and educational materials. The article examined a number of tasks both situation-dependent and truly communicative aimed at introduction, drilling and learning vocabulary. Collaborative learning and interactive learning methods outline the tasks to be used at language lessons to teach various aspects of lexis. Different variants of tasks including the ones with projects, presentations in small groups are under consideration. We also provided some examples and tips of making language tasks an integrative part of a lesson. The particular attention is drawn to the organizational aspect of practical tasks. Both creativity in fulfilling exercises and play-and-train forms of learning are studied through the orientation at building-up learner’s compensative competence and perspective thinking. We analyzed a teacher’s role was analyzed as a tutor in educational process. The study provides a number of variants of interactive tasks to be implemented at practical lessons in Chinese as well as possibilities of making them a part of any language class.
当前的外语教学方法特别关注多层次语言能力的培养和教师对教学方法和教材的选择等问题。本文考察了一些情境依赖型和真正交际型的任务,旨在介绍、操练和学习词汇。协作学习和互动学习方法概述了语言课程中使用的任务,以教授词汇的各个方面。任务的不同变体,包括项目,小组演示,都在考虑之中。我们还提供了一些例子和技巧,使语言任务成为课程的一部分。特别注意的是实际任务的组织方面。通过培养学习者的代偿能力和视角思维,研究了完成性练习和游戏-训练式学习的创造性。我们分析了教师在教育过程中作为导师的角色。本研究提供了多种可用于汉语实践课的互动任务,以及将其作为任何语言课程的一部分的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Destructive Phenomena in the Youth Environment as an Object of Criminological Research 青少年环境中的破坏现象:犯罪学研究的对象
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).26
G. Aglyamova, Elvira Kharisova
The effectiveness of the prevention of destructive phenomena in the youth environment is impossible without conducting comprehensive criminological studies. This study analyzes the current situation with destructive phenomena in the youth environment, and the relationship of organized, recidivist crime with youth crime is under consideration. The article examines in detail the concepts of "destructive behavior", "destructive phenomena in the youth environment". The authors’ aim is to propose the ways to prevent destructive phenomena among young people. In addition the article examines the characteristics and structure of the personality of young people who are attracted to destructive phenomena. The questions of attracting young people to various terrorist, extremist and unauthorized organizations are investigated; the relationship of these phenomena with social negative background phenomena. The authors emphasize the need to strengthen educational measures, such as the prevention of destructive behaviors among young people.By using the dialectical-materialistic methodology, the study on the processes of determination of destructive phenomena in the youth environment was carried out. In the course of the study, the main scientific methods are: system-structural, statistical, system analysis method. The regulatory legal acts, statistical data and opinions of the scientists have been analyzed in this area.
如果不进行全面的犯罪学研究,就不可能有效地预防青少年环境中的破坏性现象。本文分析了青少年环境中破坏性现象的现状,探讨了有组织犯罪、累犯犯罪与青少年犯罪的关系。本文详细探讨了“破坏性行为”、“青少年环境中的破坏性现象”等概念。作者的目的是提出防止年轻人中出现破坏性现象的方法。此外,文章还探讨了被破坏性现象所吸引的年轻人的个性特征和结构。调查了吸引年轻人加入各种恐怖主义、极端主义和未经授权的组织的问题;这些现象与社会消极背景现象的关系。作者强调需要加强教育措施,例如预防年轻人的破坏性行为。运用辩证唯物主义方法论,对青少年环境中破坏性现象的判定过程进行了研究。在研究过程中,主要采用的科学方法有:系统结构法、统计法、系统分析法。对这一领域的监管法律、统计数据和科学家的意见进行了分析。
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引用次数: 1
Modern Solutions of HR-Logistics 人力资源物流的现代解决方案
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).3
J. Ertman, S. Ertman, Irina Styazhkina
The article is devoted to the issues of personnel logistics. Such main provisions of HR-logistics as definition, goals, functional areas of management, the place and role of HR-logistics in enterprise management structures are considered. The analysis of modern solutions in the sphere of HR-logistics is carried out. The potentially productive principles of strategic partnership of enterprises-employers and universities acting as suppliers of the labor force are considered. Also, among the modern methods of HR-logistics, outsourcing technologies in personnel management, the approach and tools of sustainable logistics, tools for designing the labor process, a humanistic approach in the personnel motivation system, knowledge management methods are highlighted. HR logistics is of interest as an area for conducting scientific researches, and also, has a high potential for practical implementation at enterprises of various fields of activity.
这篇文章是专门讨论人事后勤问题的。论述了人力资源物流的定义、目标、管理职能领域、人力资源物流在企业管理结构中的地位和作用等主要规定。对人力资源物流领域的现代解决方案进行了分析。考虑了作为劳动力供应商的企业-雇主和大学战略伙伴关系的潜在生产原则。此外,在人力资源物流的现代方法中,人力资源管理中的外包技术,可持续物流的方法和工具,劳动流程设计工具,人力资源激励系统中的人本主义方法,知识管理方法等也得到了重点介绍。人力资源物流是进行科学研究的一个领域,而且在各种活动领域的企业中具有很高的实际实施潜力。
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引用次数: 0
PR Technologies as a Tool to Manage Organizational Competitiveness 公关技术作为管理组织竞争力的工具
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(3).7
Elena Arbatskaya
The competitiveness of an organization, being one of the main conditions for its success in a competitive environment, is a current issue of modern research. In particular, the factors of an organizational competitiveness include its image and reputation. This study examined the essence of the concept of "image" and its relationship with the concept of "reputation". The study analyzed the content and the main properties of the image on the basis of which the value-cognitive, emotional-expressive and visual-activity components of the image were identified. The author proposed her classification of PR-technologies by areas of activity, suggesting their division into informative, event-based, and project-based PR-technologies. When comparing the proposed classification of PR technologies with the image components proposed in this study, the correlation was noted.Taking into account the identified components of the image and the proposed classification of PR-technologies by areas of activity, a conceptual model of managing the image of an organization as a factor of its competitiveness was presented based on the use of PR-technologies as a set of techniques, methods, and tools used in building public relations.
组织的竞争力是组织在竞争环境中取得成功的主要条件之一,是现代研究的热点问题。特别是,组织竞争力的因素包括其形象和声誉。本研究考察了“形象”概念的本质及其与“声誉”概念的关系。本研究分析了形象的内容和主要属性,在此基础上确定了形象的价值认知成分、情感表达成分和视觉活动成分。作者提出了按活动领域对pr技术的分类,建议将其分为信息性pr技术、基于事件的pr技术和基于项目的pr技术。当比较提出的PR技术分类与本研究中提出的图像成分时,注意到相关性。考虑到已确定的形象组成部分和按活动领域对公关技术的拟议分类,基于公关技术作为建立公共关系的一套技术、方法和工具的使用,提出了一个管理组织形象作为其竞争力因素的概念模型。
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引用次数: 1
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Baikal Research Journal
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