Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Nishat Nasrin, Tania Yeasmin, Sreedam C. Das, Sufia Islam, Mushtaque Ahmed
Blood borne infections are one of the major health problems in Bangladesh, which requires frequent use of antimicrobials. In most of the cases, diagnosis and treatment with such antimicrobials are done empirically. Therefore, updated information on etiological data for major pathogens and their pattern of antibiotic resistance is required for formulating strategy and guideline for the prescribers. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic resistance and to determine the prevalence of resistance phenotypes of different bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter sp. previously collected from patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrospective analysis of 573 clinical records was performed, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those records was used to determine the prevalence of the isolates that were multi-drug resistant. Our finding indicates that Acinetobacter sp. (12%), followed by Salmonella typhi (58%) were the second most often found pathogen in the blood samples. In addition, we identified that these organisms exhibited a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern toward the most frequently used antibiotic classes, including cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. We found moderate to high levels of resistance against aminoglycosides (45-53%), cephalosporins (28-45%), fluoroquinolones (28-39%) and carbapenem (17- 19%) in Acinetobacter sp. (11.7%, n = 67), as well as multi-drug resistant (66.7%, n = 38), and extensively drug-resistant or XDR (13.64%, n = 9), isolates. We also found pan-drug resistant (PDR) isolates (2.3%) of Acinetobacter sp. showing resistance against all antibiotics that are used clinically. In order to launch effective treatment strategies and prevent the further emergence of MDR, it can be suggested that extensive national antimicrobial surveillance be conducted against these pathogens. There is also a need for further characterization of such superbugs to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 67-72, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Clinical Evidence of Multi-drug Resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant and Pan-drug Resistant Acinetobacter sp. in Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Nishat Nasrin, Tania Yeasmin, Sreedam C. Das, Sufia Islam, Mushtaque Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71156","url":null,"abstract":"Blood borne infections are one of the major health problems in Bangladesh, which requires frequent use of antimicrobials. In most of the cases, diagnosis and treatment with such antimicrobials are done empirically. Therefore, updated information on etiological data for major pathogens and their pattern of antibiotic resistance is required for formulating strategy and guideline for the prescribers. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic resistance and to determine the prevalence of resistance phenotypes of different bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter sp. previously collected from patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrospective analysis of 573 clinical records was performed, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those records was used to determine the prevalence of the isolates that were multi-drug resistant. Our finding indicates that Acinetobacter sp. (12%), followed by Salmonella typhi (58%) were the second most often found pathogen in the blood samples. In addition, we identified that these organisms exhibited a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern toward the most frequently used antibiotic classes, including cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. We found moderate to high levels of resistance against aminoglycosides (45-53%), cephalosporins (28-45%), fluoroquinolones (28-39%) and carbapenem (17- 19%) in Acinetobacter sp. (11.7%, n = 67), as well as multi-drug resistant (66.7%, n = 38), and extensively drug-resistant or XDR (13.64%, n = 9), isolates. We also found pan-drug resistant (PDR) isolates (2.3%) of Acinetobacter sp. showing resistance against all antibiotics that are used clinically. In order to launch effective treatment strategies and prevent the further emergence of MDR, it can be suggested that extensive national antimicrobial surveillance be conducted against these pathogens. There is also a need for further characterization of such superbugs to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 67-72, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"102 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Begum, Khodijatul Kubra, Rabiul Aowal, Nushrat Jahan Ema
The purpose of this present study was to explore lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from homemade kimchi. Traditionally, kimchi was made in this study at home using fresh vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, radish, green onion leaf, red pepper, garlic, ginger, salt and rice flour, and fermented for seven days. LAB were isolated using selective media and identified by macroscopic and microscopic morphological analysis and short biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase and Kliger's iron agar (KIA) test. Probiotic potential of LAB was investigated by acid, salt, temperature tolerance and sugar including glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose and lactose fermentation test. Four distinct single colonies were isolated from four different kimchi preparations. All isolated bacteria were identified as lactic acid bacteria and found gram positive, non-spore forming, survive in both aerobic and anaerobic condition, catalase and oxidase negative. Isolated LAB survive in both highly acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 8) medium, up to 4% NaCl concentrations and at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 55°C. The isolated LAB have also ability to ferment sugars. These findings reveal that isolated LAB found suitable to survive in the environment of human gastrointestinal tract and have probiotic potential. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 103-109, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Isolated from Homemade Fermented Kimchi in Bangladesh","authors":"K. Begum, Khodijatul Kubra, Rabiul Aowal, Nushrat Jahan Ema","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71160","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this present study was to explore lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from homemade kimchi. Traditionally, kimchi was made in this study at home using fresh vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, radish, green onion leaf, red pepper, garlic, ginger, salt and rice flour, and fermented for seven days. LAB were isolated using selective media and identified by macroscopic and microscopic morphological analysis and short biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase and Kliger's iron agar (KIA) test. Probiotic potential of LAB was investigated by acid, salt, temperature tolerance and sugar including glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose and lactose fermentation test. Four distinct single colonies were isolated from four different kimchi preparations. All isolated bacteria were identified as lactic acid bacteria and found gram positive, non-spore forming, survive in both aerobic and anaerobic condition, catalase and oxidase negative. Isolated LAB survive in both highly acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 8) medium, up to 4% NaCl concentrations and at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 55°C. The isolated LAB have also ability to ferment sugars. These findings reveal that isolated LAB found suitable to survive in the environment of human gastrointestinal tract and have probiotic potential.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 103-109, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"42 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) are both essential vitamins for human health. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for energy metabolism, nervous system function, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular health, digestion, muscle function, etc. On the other hand, Riboflavin (vitamin B2), which acts as an antioxidant, is essential for energy production, healthy skin, hair and nails, eye health, red blood cell production, nervous system function, etc. Due to its specialty, Bogura's famous yogurt was recognized as a Geographical Indication (GI) on June 26, 2023 by the Directorate of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks (DPDT) under the Ministry of Industry, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (Prothom Alo, 2023). The purpose of the study was the quantitative determination of two water-soluble vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, in the GI branded yogurt and whey (Ghol), collected from Bogura, Bangladesh to ensure health benefits. The methods employed for the quantitative analysis of these vitamins were reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. The extraction process involved acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with takadiastase enzyme. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system using isocratic elution mode on a C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The correlation coefficients for thiamine and riboflavin were 0.9975 and 0.9974, respectively. The recovery rates for thiamine and riboflavin were found as 97.70% and 105.40%, respectively. Twenty-two samples were analyzed. Thiamine and riboflavin were found in the range of 0.0647 to 0.1396 mg/100 g and 0.0227 to 0.3749 mg/100 g, respectively. It can be concluded that these yogurts were rich in thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, these yogurts are beneficial for health. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 59-66, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Quantification of Riboflavin and Thiamine in GI (Geographical Indication) Branded Yogurts Collected from Bogura, Bangladesh Using HPLC Equipped with a Fluorescence Detector","authors":"Md Lemon Mia, Md. Zakir Sultan, Md Ashraf Ali, H. Simol, Md Abdus Salam","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71155","url":null,"abstract":"Thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) are both essential vitamins for human health. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for energy metabolism, nervous system function, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular health, digestion, muscle function, etc. On the other hand, Riboflavin (vitamin B2), which acts as an antioxidant, is essential for energy production, healthy skin, hair and nails, eye health, red blood cell production, nervous system function, etc. Due to its specialty, Bogura's famous yogurt was recognized as a Geographical Indication (GI) on June 26, 2023 by the Directorate of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks (DPDT) under the Ministry of Industry, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (Prothom Alo, 2023). The purpose of the study was the quantitative determination of two water-soluble vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, in the GI branded yogurt and whey (Ghol), collected from Bogura, Bangladesh to ensure health benefits. The methods employed for the quantitative analysis of these vitamins were reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. The extraction process involved acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with takadiastase enzyme. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system using isocratic elution mode on a C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The correlation coefficients for thiamine and riboflavin were 0.9975 and 0.9974, respectively. The recovery rates for thiamine and riboflavin were found as 97.70% and 105.40%, respectively. Twenty-two samples were analyzed. Thiamine and riboflavin were found in the range of 0.0647 to 0.1396 mg/100 g and 0.0227 to 0.3749 mg/100 g, respectively. It can be concluded that these yogurts were rich in thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, these yogurts are beneficial for health.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 59-66, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"120 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zaman, Suriya Akter Shampa, Nazim Uddin Ahmed, Md Jasim Uddin, Md Al Amin Miah, Shabiba Parvin Shandhi, Bakul Akter, Safaet Alam
Carvacrol, a widely extracted monoterpenoid phenol from an abundant number of aromatic plant species including thyme and oregano. At present, carvacrol is being utilized in low concentrations as a preservative and food flavoring agent, in addition to serving as a fragrance element in cosmetic formulations. A great deal of study has been done in recent years as an effort to determine the biological effects of carvacrol for possible therapeutic application. Carvacrol has been identified to have a vast range of biological and pharmacological characteristics which include antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-obesity, antitumor, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective effects based on both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The main objective of this review is to assess current understanding of carvacrol's pharmacological impacts as well as its biosynthesis and plant sources in order to potentially inform the future researchers. It can be postulated that upon extensive research, this noteworthy bioactive phytochemical can be a very promising source of next generation drug development. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 116-125, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Carvacrol: A Prospective Gold Mine of New Drug Discovery and Development","authors":"A. Zaman, Suriya Akter Shampa, Nazim Uddin Ahmed, Md Jasim Uddin, Md Al Amin Miah, Shabiba Parvin Shandhi, Bakul Akter, Safaet Alam","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71154","url":null,"abstract":"Carvacrol, a widely extracted monoterpenoid phenol from an abundant number of aromatic plant species including thyme and oregano. At present, carvacrol is being utilized in low concentrations as a preservative and food flavoring agent, in addition to serving as a fragrance element in cosmetic formulations. A great deal of study has been done in recent years as an effort to determine the biological effects of carvacrol for possible therapeutic application. Carvacrol has been identified to have a vast range of biological and pharmacological characteristics which include antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-obesity, antitumor, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective effects based on both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The main objective of this review is to assess current understanding of carvacrol's pharmacological impacts as well as its biosynthesis and plant sources in order to potentially inform the future researchers. It can be postulated that upon extensive research, this noteworthy bioactive phytochemical can be a very promising source of next generation drug development.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 116-125, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sultana, Abida Sultana, F. Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, A. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md. Shah Amran
Lagenaria siceraria is a well-known vegetable fruit in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities of the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits (EELSF). Total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity tests were done to determine antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using heat- and hypotonic solution induced hemolysis. Human RBC from healthy volunteers were used to assess the thrombolytic activity of the extract. Ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits displayed noticeable antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities when compared to the standard drugs. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of different solvent fractions and plant parts of L. siceraria. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 1-8, 2024 (January)
{"title":"In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant, Membrane Stabilization and Thrombolytic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Lagenaria siceraria Fruit","authors":"A. Sultana, Abida Sultana, F. Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, A. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71148","url":null,"abstract":"Lagenaria siceraria is a well-known vegetable fruit in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities of the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits (EELSF). Total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity tests were done to determine antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using heat- and hypotonic solution induced hemolysis. Human RBC from healthy volunteers were used to assess the thrombolytic activity of the extract. Ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits displayed noticeable antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities when compared to the standard drugs. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of different solvent fractions and plant parts of L. siceraria.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 1-8, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Azizur Rahman, Ikramul Hasan, Bk Sajeeb, Farhanul Islam, Saikat Mitra, Muhammad Rashedul Islam, Md Elias Al Mamun
Among many mosquito control approaches, the use of mosquito coil is popular because of its cost effectiveness and ease of use. But along with repelling mosquitoes, the burning of mosquito coils can cause severe health hazard. In mosquito coils, pyrethrin, allethrin, d-allethrin etc. are typically used as active ingredients. In this study, it was found that mosquito coil is used mostly (51%) in rural area and most of the rural people (64.7%) believed it to be beneficial as mosquito repellent as well as they are not so aware of the harmful effects of the mosquito coil (25%). Due to mosquito coil burning, the participants feel many such complications like suffocation (32.3%), eye irritation (29.2%), sneezing (13.1%) but they do not take any special measure or treatment to protect them. Rather, they mostly place the coil away from them (50%) to protect themselves after being exposed to those complications. These findings have raised a question, ― which one is more harmful: Mosquito or mosquito coil? Besides, most of the people even don’t know about the dangerous effects of mosquito coils. Although mosquito net is the most effective way to repel mosquito, 69% people do not use mosquito net due to laziness. Extensive research regarding alternative mosquito repelling strategy and safe use of mosquito coil is urgently needed in the context of countries like Bangladesh. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 92-102, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Practice and Perception Analysis of Mosquito Coil Usages in Bangladesh","authors":"Md Azizur Rahman, Ikramul Hasan, Bk Sajeeb, Farhanul Islam, Saikat Mitra, Muhammad Rashedul Islam, Md Elias Al Mamun","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71159","url":null,"abstract":"Among many mosquito control approaches, the use of mosquito coil is popular because of its cost effectiveness and ease of use. But along with repelling mosquitoes, the burning of mosquito coils can cause severe health hazard. In mosquito coils, pyrethrin, allethrin, d-allethrin etc. are typically used as active ingredients. In this study, it was found that mosquito coil is used mostly (51%) in rural area and most of the rural people (64.7%) believed it to be beneficial as mosquito repellent as well as they are not so aware of the harmful effects of the mosquito coil (25%). Due to mosquito coil burning, the participants feel many such complications like suffocation (32.3%), eye irritation (29.2%), sneezing (13.1%) but they do not take any special measure or treatment to protect them. Rather, they mostly place the coil away from them (50%) to protect themselves after being exposed to those complications. These findings have raised a question, ― which one is more harmful: Mosquito or mosquito coil? Besides, most of the people even don’t know about the dangerous effects of mosquito coils. Although mosquito net is the most effective way to repel mosquito, 69% people do not use mosquito net due to laziness. Extensive research regarding alternative mosquito repelling strategy and safe use of mosquito coil is urgently needed in the context of countries like Bangladesh.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 92-102, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"110 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Nishat Nasrin, Tania Yeasmin, Sreedam C. Das, Sufia Islam, Mushtaque Ahmed
Blood borne infections are one of the major health problems in Bangladesh, which requires frequent use of antimicrobials. In most of the cases, diagnosis and treatment with such antimicrobials are done empirically. Therefore, updated information on etiological data for major pathogens and their pattern of antibiotic resistance is required for formulating strategy and guideline for the prescribers. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic resistance and to determine the prevalence of resistance phenotypes of different bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter sp. previously collected from patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrospective analysis of 573 clinical records was performed, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those records was used to determine the prevalence of the isolates that were multi-drug resistant. Our finding indicates that Acinetobacter sp. (12%), followed by Salmonella typhi (58%) were the second most often found pathogen in the blood samples. In addition, we identified that these organisms exhibited a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern toward the most frequently used antibiotic classes, including cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. We found moderate to high levels of resistance against aminoglycosides (45-53%), cephalosporins (28-45%), fluoroquinolones (28-39%) and carbapenem (17- 19%) in Acinetobacter sp. (11.7%, n = 67), as well as multi-drug resistant (66.7%, n = 38), and extensively drug-resistant or XDR (13.64%, n = 9), isolates. We also found pan-drug resistant (PDR) isolates (2.3%) of Acinetobacter sp. showing resistance against all antibiotics that are used clinically. In order to launch effective treatment strategies and prevent the further emergence of MDR, it can be suggested that extensive national antimicrobial surveillance be conducted against these pathogens. There is also a need for further characterization of such superbugs to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 67-72, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Clinical Evidence of Multi-drug Resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant and Pan-drug Resistant Acinetobacter sp. in Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Nishat Nasrin, Tania Yeasmin, Sreedam C. Das, Sufia Islam, Mushtaque Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71156","url":null,"abstract":"Blood borne infections are one of the major health problems in Bangladesh, which requires frequent use of antimicrobials. In most of the cases, diagnosis and treatment with such antimicrobials are done empirically. Therefore, updated information on etiological data for major pathogens and their pattern of antibiotic resistance is required for formulating strategy and guideline for the prescribers. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic resistance and to determine the prevalence of resistance phenotypes of different bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter sp. previously collected from patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrospective analysis of 573 clinical records was performed, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those records was used to determine the prevalence of the isolates that were multi-drug resistant. Our finding indicates that Acinetobacter sp. (12%), followed by Salmonella typhi (58%) were the second most often found pathogen in the blood samples. In addition, we identified that these organisms exhibited a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern toward the most frequently used antibiotic classes, including cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. We found moderate to high levels of resistance against aminoglycosides (45-53%), cephalosporins (28-45%), fluoroquinolones (28-39%) and carbapenem (17- 19%) in Acinetobacter sp. (11.7%, n = 67), as well as multi-drug resistant (66.7%, n = 38), and extensively drug-resistant or XDR (13.64%, n = 9), isolates. We also found pan-drug resistant (PDR) isolates (2.3%) of Acinetobacter sp. showing resistance against all antibiotics that are used clinically. In order to launch effective treatment strategies and prevent the further emergence of MDR, it can be suggested that extensive national antimicrobial surveillance be conducted against these pathogens. There is also a need for further characterization of such superbugs to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 67-72, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Jahid Hossain, Omar Faruk, Dilshad Noor Lira, Diponkor Kumar Shill, A. S. Rouf
Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Hair Growth - Hair Fall Oil Formulation from Botanicals","authors":"Md Jahid Hossain, Omar Faruk, Dilshad Noor Lira, Diponkor Kumar Shill, A. S. Rouf","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71149","url":null,"abstract":"Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferdous Alam Papry, Zasia Hossain Tishe, Md Zahidul Islam Zahid, A. Barman, M. Shill
Physical inactivity is one of the global health problems due to increased automation, moving less than before causing people to an elevated risk of developing various health conditions like obesity, hypertension, heart disease, etc. Most of the aforementioned diseases are linked to unhealthy lifestyles that are quite preventable. Although very few studies have been done related with sedentary lifestyle and its risks in Bangladesh, no study was focused on corporate professionals whom are at high health risk due to their job nature. This study therefore aims to explore the sedentary lifestyle and associated health and lifestyle related factors that might play role in the worsening of healthy life. Results of our study concluded that professionals belonging to age group between 25-29 years are most likely heading towards the risk zone of developing sedentary lifestyle associated risk according to WHO guidelines on sedentary lifestyle especially high body mass index (BMI 25 and more). Among the studied participants 78% were smokers and 21% were alcoholics. Moreover, 63% corporates reported that they could sleep 6 hour or less in a day, while 64% of the participants claimed that their stress level is high (7 to 10) in a 10 scale. Almost one fourth (24%) of the participants informed that they did not do any format of physical activity, and 26% participants were working for 5 years or more. Our data adequately pointed out some leading risk factors among the corporates that directly or indirectly provoke prospective health risks as described in numerous number of previous studies. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 73-84, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Sedentary Lifestyle and Prospective Health Risks: A Pilot Study Among Bangladeshi Corporate Professionals","authors":"Ferdous Alam Papry, Zasia Hossain Tishe, Md Zahidul Islam Zahid, A. Barman, M. Shill","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71157","url":null,"abstract":"Physical inactivity is one of the global health problems due to increased automation, moving less than before causing people to an elevated risk of developing various health conditions like obesity, hypertension, heart disease, etc. Most of the aforementioned diseases are linked to unhealthy lifestyles that are quite preventable. Although very few studies have been done related with sedentary lifestyle and its risks in Bangladesh, no study was focused on corporate professionals whom are at high health risk due to their job nature. This study therefore aims to explore the sedentary lifestyle and associated health and lifestyle related factors that might play role in the worsening of healthy life. Results of our study concluded that professionals belonging to age group between 25-29 years are most likely heading towards the risk zone of developing sedentary lifestyle associated risk according to WHO guidelines on sedentary lifestyle especially high body mass index (BMI 25 and more). Among the studied participants 78% were smokers and 21% were alcoholics. Moreover, 63% corporates reported that they could sleep 6 hour or less in a day, while 64% of the participants claimed that their stress level is high (7 to 10) in a 10 scale. Almost one fourth (24%) of the participants informed that they did not do any format of physical activity, and 26% participants were working for 5 years or more. Our data adequately pointed out some leading risk factors among the corporates that directly or indirectly provoke prospective health risks as described in numerous number of previous studies.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 73-84, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"43 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) are both essential vitamins for human health. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for energy metabolism, nervous system function, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular health, digestion, muscle function, etc. On the other hand, Riboflavin (vitamin B2), which acts as an antioxidant, is essential for energy production, healthy skin, hair and nails, eye health, red blood cell production, nervous system function, etc. Due to its specialty, Bogura's famous yogurt was recognized as a Geographical Indication (GI) on June 26, 2023 by the Directorate of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks (DPDT) under the Ministry of Industry, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (Prothom Alo, 2023). The purpose of the study was the quantitative determination of two water-soluble vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, in the GI branded yogurt and whey (Ghol), collected from Bogura, Bangladesh to ensure health benefits. The methods employed for the quantitative analysis of these vitamins were reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. The extraction process involved acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with takadiastase enzyme. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system using isocratic elution mode on a C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The correlation coefficients for thiamine and riboflavin were 0.9975 and 0.9974, respectively. The recovery rates for thiamine and riboflavin were found as 97.70% and 105.40%, respectively. Twenty-two samples were analyzed. Thiamine and riboflavin were found in the range of 0.0647 to 0.1396 mg/100 g and 0.0227 to 0.3749 mg/100 g, respectively. It can be concluded that these yogurts were rich in thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, these yogurts are beneficial for health. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 59-66, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Quantification of Riboflavin and Thiamine in GI (Geographical Indication) Branded Yogurts Collected from Bogura, Bangladesh Using HPLC Equipped with a Fluorescence Detector","authors":"Md Lemon Mia, Md. Zakir Sultan, Md Ashraf Ali, H. Simol, Md Abdus Salam","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71155","url":null,"abstract":"Thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) are both essential vitamins for human health. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for energy metabolism, nervous system function, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular health, digestion, muscle function, etc. On the other hand, Riboflavin (vitamin B2), which acts as an antioxidant, is essential for energy production, healthy skin, hair and nails, eye health, red blood cell production, nervous system function, etc. Due to its specialty, Bogura's famous yogurt was recognized as a Geographical Indication (GI) on June 26, 2023 by the Directorate of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks (DPDT) under the Ministry of Industry, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (Prothom Alo, 2023). The purpose of the study was the quantitative determination of two water-soluble vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, in the GI branded yogurt and whey (Ghol), collected from Bogura, Bangladesh to ensure health benefits. The methods employed for the quantitative analysis of these vitamins were reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. The extraction process involved acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with takadiastase enzyme. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system using isocratic elution mode on a C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The correlation coefficients for thiamine and riboflavin were 0.9975 and 0.9974, respectively. The recovery rates for thiamine and riboflavin were found as 97.70% and 105.40%, respectively. Twenty-two samples were analyzed. Thiamine and riboflavin were found in the range of 0.0647 to 0.1396 mg/100 g and 0.0227 to 0.3749 mg/100 g, respectively. It can be concluded that these yogurts were rich in thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, these yogurts are beneficial for health.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 59-66, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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