Enama Nabi Shetu, M. Sayeed, Mohammad Arman, M. Maruf, S. Sayem, M. Islam
The study evaluated several pharmacological effects including antidepressant, antidiarrheal and thrombolytic activities of ethanol extract of Amomum aromaticum leaves (EEAA). Upon the assessment for qualitative phytochemical groups in the extract, several doses of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) were studied to find acute oral toxicity in mouse for safe dose selection. Then EEAA was tested whether it demonstrates antidepressant activity in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Antidiarrheal and clot lysis activities of EEAA were evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mouse and In vitro clot lysis method, respectively. Oral administration of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) showed no morality after 10 days, and no sign of acute toxicity observed within 24 hrs post-treatment. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and polyphenol groups in EEAA. The TST and FST resulted with significant improvement in mobility in mice treated with EEAA (400 mg/kg), where fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was used as standard in both tests. EEAA treatment also showed a moderate dose-dependent anti-diarrheal effect. The 400 mg/kg oral dosing for 14 days decreased the rate of defecation by 52.8% compared to the control group. This study also demonstrated that EEAA possesses clot lysis activity. Hence, further intense investigations are suggested to identify specific potential active phytochemicals. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 51-58, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Antidepressant, Antidiarrheal, Thrombolytic and Phytochemical Profiling of Ethanol Extract of Amomum aromaticum Leaves: In vivo and In vitro Approaches","authors":"Enama Nabi Shetu, M. Sayeed, Mohammad Arman, M. Maruf, S. Sayem, M. Islam","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71152","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated several pharmacological effects including antidepressant, antidiarrheal and thrombolytic activities of ethanol extract of Amomum aromaticum leaves (EEAA). Upon the assessment for qualitative phytochemical groups in the extract, several doses of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) were studied to find acute oral toxicity in mouse for safe dose selection. Then EEAA was tested whether it demonstrates antidepressant activity in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Antidiarrheal and clot lysis activities of EEAA were evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mouse and In vitro clot lysis method, respectively. Oral administration of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) showed no morality after 10 days, and no sign of acute toxicity observed within 24 hrs post-treatment. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and polyphenol groups in EEAA. The TST and FST resulted with significant improvement in mobility in mice treated with EEAA (400 mg/kg), where fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was used as standard in both tests. EEAA treatment also showed a moderate dose-dependent anti-diarrheal effect. The 400 mg/kg oral dosing for 14 days decreased the rate of defecation by 52.8% compared to the control group. This study also demonstrated that EEAA possesses clot lysis activity. Hence, further intense investigations are suggested to identify specific potential active phytochemicals.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 51-58, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ishtyaque Mikrani, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Md Raihan Sarkar, K. Sikdar, Mashiur Rahman, Md Abdus Samadd
Pitavastatin (PTV) is a potent lipid lowering drug that acts on hepatocytes by blocking the 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme. As a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, PTV possesses very low water solubility; hence, poor bioavailability leads to poor drug delivery to the target organ. The study aims to develop various PTV solid dispersion (SD) formulations and to investigate the release profile of PTV SD systems. Different PTV physical mixing and SD formulations were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon®90F) and Kollicoat®IR hydrophilic polymers by fusion and solvent evaporation approaches. The efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by in vitro PTV release studies. Subsequently, the characterization of SD formulations was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies confirmed that all the developed formulations showed a comparatively better release percentage (75.31–98.45%) than the pure PTV (61.76%) after 60 min. Additionally, the outcomes showed that raising the concentration of both polymers improved PTV's ability to dissolve. In comparison to physical mixing formulations, SD formulations made using fusion and solvent evaporation processes performed better during dissolution. The TGA, DSC, and FTIR studies confirmed that the tested SD formulations (1:2, 1:3 ratios) were stable at high temperatures with a reduction in crystallinity and no notable interaction between the drug and polymers. The SEM analysis showed that the PTV was evenly spread out in the carriers and that the crystal-like structure of the PTV had changed into an amorphous form. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 37-50, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Characterization and In vitro Dissolution Assessment of Pitavastatin-polyvinyl Pyrrolidone and Kollicoat®IR Solid Dispersions Prepared by Solvent Evaporation and Fusion Methodologies","authors":"Ishtyaque Mikrani, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Md Raihan Sarkar, K. Sikdar, Mashiur Rahman, Md Abdus Samadd","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71151","url":null,"abstract":"Pitavastatin (PTV) is a potent lipid lowering drug that acts on hepatocytes by blocking the 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme. As a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, PTV possesses very low water solubility; hence, poor bioavailability leads to poor drug delivery to the target organ. The study aims to develop various PTV solid dispersion (SD) formulations and to investigate the release profile of PTV SD systems. Different PTV physical mixing and SD formulations were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon®90F) and Kollicoat®IR hydrophilic polymers by fusion and solvent evaporation approaches. The efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by in vitro PTV release studies. Subsequently, the characterization of SD formulations was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies confirmed that all the developed formulations showed a comparatively better release percentage (75.31–98.45%) than the pure PTV (61.76%) after 60 min. Additionally, the outcomes showed that raising the concentration of both polymers improved PTV's ability to dissolve. In comparison to physical mixing formulations, SD formulations made using fusion and solvent evaporation processes performed better during dissolution. The TGA, DSC, and FTIR studies confirmed that the tested SD formulations (1:2, 1:3 ratios) were stable at high temperatures with a reduction in crystallinity and no notable interaction between the drug and polymers. The SEM analysis showed that the PTV was evenly spread out in the carriers and that the crystal-like structure of the PTV had changed into an amorphous form.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 37-50, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilkis Zohora, A. Faruq, M. Adib, Irin Sultana, M. Chowdhury
This current research work was conducted an investigation into the biological activities of various fractions of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Family: Sterculiaceae) and analyze the chemical compositions. Preliminary examination of the raw fractional extractives identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and tannins. The standard was acetyl salicylic acid for heat-induced method to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing properties. The crude ethanol extract displayed a moderate activity, inhibiting albumin denaturation by 44.7% compared to the positive control. All three extractives also demonstrated significant (p<0.05) in-vitro membrane-stabilizing activity. Additionally, the plant showcased robust antioxidant properties, as evidenced by the IC50 values of the ethanol extract, nhexane extract and chloroform extracts (5.3, 5.4, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively), one the contrary, the acetyl salicylic acid as standard drug exhibited an IC50 value of 3.8 μg/ml. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation propose that this specific plant species holds promise for the discovery of novel natural bioactive compounds. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 110-115, 2024 (January)
{"title":"In vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Membrane Stabilization Activities of Leaf Extracts of Byttneria pilosa Roxb","authors":"Bilkis Zohora, A. Faruq, M. Adib, Irin Sultana, M. Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71161","url":null,"abstract":"This current research work was conducted an investigation into the biological activities of various fractions of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Family: Sterculiaceae) and analyze the chemical compositions. Preliminary examination of the raw fractional extractives identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and tannins. The standard was acetyl salicylic acid for heat-induced method to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing properties. The crude ethanol extract displayed a moderate activity, inhibiting albumin denaturation by 44.7% compared to the positive control. All three extractives also demonstrated significant (p<0.05) in-vitro membrane-stabilizing activity. Additionally, the plant showcased robust antioxidant properties, as evidenced by the IC50 values of the ethanol extract, nhexane extract and chloroform extracts (5.3, 5.4, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively), one the contrary, the acetyl salicylic acid as standard drug exhibited an IC50 value of 3.8 μg/ml. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation propose that this specific plant species holds promise for the discovery of novel natural bioactive compounds.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 110-115, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilkis Zohora, A. Faruq, M. Adib, Irin Sultana, M. Chowdhury
This current research work was conducted an investigation into the biological activities of various fractions of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Family: Sterculiaceae) and analyze the chemical compositions. Preliminary examination of the raw fractional extractives identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and tannins. The standard was acetyl salicylic acid for heat-induced method to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing properties. The crude ethanol extract displayed a moderate activity, inhibiting albumin denaturation by 44.7% compared to the positive control. All three extractives also demonstrated significant (p<0.05) in-vitro membrane-stabilizing activity. Additionally, the plant showcased robust antioxidant properties, as evidenced by the IC50 values of the ethanol extract, nhexane extract and chloroform extracts (5.3, 5.4, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively), one the contrary, the acetyl salicylic acid as standard drug exhibited an IC50 value of 3.8 μg/ml. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation propose that this specific plant species holds promise for the discovery of novel natural bioactive compounds. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 110-115, 2024 (January)
{"title":"In vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Membrane Stabilization Activities of Leaf Extracts of Byttneria pilosa Roxb","authors":"Bilkis Zohora, A. Faruq, M. Adib, Irin Sultana, M. Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71161","url":null,"abstract":"This current research work was conducted an investigation into the biological activities of various fractions of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Family: Sterculiaceae) and analyze the chemical compositions. Preliminary examination of the raw fractional extractives identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and tannins. The standard was acetyl salicylic acid for heat-induced method to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing properties. The crude ethanol extract displayed a moderate activity, inhibiting albumin denaturation by 44.7% compared to the positive control. All three extractives also demonstrated significant (p<0.05) in-vitro membrane-stabilizing activity. Additionally, the plant showcased robust antioxidant properties, as evidenced by the IC50 values of the ethanol extract, nhexane extract and chloroform extracts (5.3, 5.4, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively), one the contrary, the acetyl salicylic acid as standard drug exhibited an IC50 value of 3.8 μg/ml. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation propose that this specific plant species holds promise for the discovery of novel natural bioactive compounds.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 110-115, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Riaz Uddin, Diponkor Kumar Shill, Rajib Das, Md Raihan Sarkar, K. Sikdar
Despite being a common public health problem, there are few population-based research available to learn about the epidemiology and management of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) in Bangladesh. The tenacity of this study was to investigate the prevalence, potential predisposing factors, clinical representation, therapeutic management of GERD among the young Bangladeshi population along with their beliefs regarding the disease. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 13th June 2022 to 10th December 2022 among 925 individuals (16-35 years of age) from various parts of Bangladesh. A standardized online questionnaire in both English and the local language (Bengali) was utilized to collect all the desired data that were analyzed using either Microsoft Excel 2019 or, IBM SPSS Statistics, v26.0. The prevalence of GERD was 55.7% which was not significantly associated with different sociodemographic parameters. However, family history (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.512), irregular meal (OR = 1.527) and spicy/junk food (OR = 1.495) were significantly associated with GERD prevalence in binary logistic regression analysis. Heart burn (94.0%) and regurgitation (83.3%) were the major symptoms observed and the average number of symptoms was higher in patients with relevant family history (p < 0.0005). Omeprazole (42.5%) was the most used medication to treat GERD followed by other proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers. Self-medication was practiced by 52.6% of the patients which was associated with duration of treatment (p < 0.0005). The study has found a high prevalence of GERD in Bangladesh. Family history, irregular meal and spicy/junk foods have been identified as potential risk factors and only half the participants had the right belief regarding the effectiveness of lifestyle modification against GERD. Further cohort studies are advised to solidify the findings of this study. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 19-36, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Community-based Descriptive Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence, Clinical Manifestation, Beliefs and Management Approach of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among Young Bangladeshi Population","authors":"Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Riaz Uddin, Diponkor Kumar Shill, Rajib Das, Md Raihan Sarkar, K. Sikdar","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71150","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being a common public health problem, there are few population-based research available to learn about the epidemiology and management of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) in Bangladesh. The tenacity of this study was to investigate the prevalence, potential predisposing factors, clinical representation, therapeutic management of GERD among the young Bangladeshi population along with their beliefs regarding the disease. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 13th June 2022 to 10th December 2022 among 925 individuals (16-35 years of age) from various parts of Bangladesh. A standardized online questionnaire in both English and the local language (Bengali) was utilized to collect all the desired data that were analyzed using either Microsoft Excel 2019 or, IBM SPSS Statistics, v26.0. The prevalence of GERD was 55.7% which was not significantly associated with different sociodemographic parameters. However, family history (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.512), irregular meal (OR = 1.527) and spicy/junk food (OR = 1.495) were significantly associated with GERD prevalence in binary logistic regression analysis. Heart burn (94.0%) and regurgitation (83.3%) were the major symptoms observed and the average number of symptoms was higher in patients with relevant family history (p < 0.0005). Omeprazole (42.5%) was the most used medication to treat GERD followed by other proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers. Self-medication was practiced by 52.6% of the patients which was associated with duration of treatment (p < 0.0005). The study has found a high prevalence of GERD in Bangladesh. Family history, irregular meal and spicy/junk foods have been identified as potential risk factors and only half the participants had the right belief regarding the effectiveness of lifestyle modification against GERD. Further cohort studies are advised to solidify the findings of this study.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 19-36, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Jahid Hossain, Omar Faruk, Dilshad Noor Lira, Diponkor Kumar Shill, A. S. Rouf
Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Hair Growth - Hair Fall Oil Formulation from Botanicals","authors":"Md Jahid Hossain, Omar Faruk, Dilshad Noor Lira, Diponkor Kumar Shill, A. S. Rouf","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71149","url":null,"abstract":"Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enama Nabi Shetu, M. Sayeed, Mohammad Arman, M. Maruf, S. Sayem, M. Islam
The study evaluated several pharmacological effects including antidepressant, antidiarrheal and thrombolytic activities of ethanol extract of Amomum aromaticum leaves (EEAA). Upon the assessment for qualitative phytochemical groups in the extract, several doses of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) were studied to find acute oral toxicity in mouse for safe dose selection. Then EEAA was tested whether it demonstrates antidepressant activity in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Antidiarrheal and clot lysis activities of EEAA were evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mouse and In vitro clot lysis method, respectively. Oral administration of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) showed no morality after 10 days, and no sign of acute toxicity observed within 24 hrs post-treatment. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and polyphenol groups in EEAA. The TST and FST resulted with significant improvement in mobility in mice treated with EEAA (400 mg/kg), where fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was used as standard in both tests. EEAA treatment also showed a moderate dose-dependent anti-diarrheal effect. The 400 mg/kg oral dosing for 14 days decreased the rate of defecation by 52.8% compared to the control group. This study also demonstrated that EEAA possesses clot lysis activity. Hence, further intense investigations are suggested to identify specific potential active phytochemicals. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 51-58, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Antidepressant, Antidiarrheal, Thrombolytic and Phytochemical Profiling of Ethanol Extract of Amomum aromaticum Leaves: In vivo and In vitro Approaches","authors":"Enama Nabi Shetu, M. Sayeed, Mohammad Arman, M. Maruf, S. Sayem, M. Islam","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71152","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated several pharmacological effects including antidepressant, antidiarrheal and thrombolytic activities of ethanol extract of Amomum aromaticum leaves (EEAA). Upon the assessment for qualitative phytochemical groups in the extract, several doses of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) were studied to find acute oral toxicity in mouse for safe dose selection. Then EEAA was tested whether it demonstrates antidepressant activity in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Antidiarrheal and clot lysis activities of EEAA were evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mouse and In vitro clot lysis method, respectively. Oral administration of EEAA (1000 - 4000 mg/kg) showed no morality after 10 days, and no sign of acute toxicity observed within 24 hrs post-treatment. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and polyphenol groups in EEAA. The TST and FST resulted with significant improvement in mobility in mice treated with EEAA (400 mg/kg), where fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was used as standard in both tests. EEAA treatment also showed a moderate dose-dependent anti-diarrheal effect. The 400 mg/kg oral dosing for 14 days decreased the rate of defecation by 52.8% compared to the control group. This study also demonstrated that EEAA possesses clot lysis activity. Hence, further intense investigations are suggested to identify specific potential active phytochemicals.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 51-58, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zaman, Suriya Akter Shampa, Nazim Uddin Ahmed, Md Jasim Uddin, Md Al Amin Miah, Shabiba Parvin Shandhi, Bakul Akter, Safaet Alam
Carvacrol, a widely extracted monoterpenoid phenol from an abundant number of aromatic plant species including thyme and oregano. At present, carvacrol is being utilized in low concentrations as a preservative and food flavoring agent, in addition to serving as a fragrance element in cosmetic formulations. A great deal of study has been done in recent years as an effort to determine the biological effects of carvacrol for possible therapeutic application. Carvacrol has been identified to have a vast range of biological and pharmacological characteristics which include antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-obesity, antitumor, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective effects based on both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The main objective of this review is to assess current understanding of carvacrol's pharmacological impacts as well as its biosynthesis and plant sources in order to potentially inform the future researchers. It can be postulated that upon extensive research, this noteworthy bioactive phytochemical can be a very promising source of next generation drug development. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 116-125, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Carvacrol: A Prospective Gold Mine of New Drug Discovery and Development","authors":"A. Zaman, Suriya Akter Shampa, Nazim Uddin Ahmed, Md Jasim Uddin, Md Al Amin Miah, Shabiba Parvin Shandhi, Bakul Akter, Safaet Alam","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71154","url":null,"abstract":"Carvacrol, a widely extracted monoterpenoid phenol from an abundant number of aromatic plant species including thyme and oregano. At present, carvacrol is being utilized in low concentrations as a preservative and food flavoring agent, in addition to serving as a fragrance element in cosmetic formulations. A great deal of study has been done in recent years as an effort to determine the biological effects of carvacrol for possible therapeutic application. Carvacrol has been identified to have a vast range of biological and pharmacological characteristics which include antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-obesity, antitumor, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective effects based on both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The main objective of this review is to assess current understanding of carvacrol's pharmacological impacts as well as its biosynthesis and plant sources in order to potentially inform the future researchers. It can be postulated that upon extensive research, this noteworthy bioactive phytochemical can be a very promising source of next generation drug development.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 116-125, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ishtyaque Mikrani, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Md Raihan Sarkar, K. Sikdar, Mashiur Rahman, Md Abdus Samadd
Pitavastatin (PTV) is a potent lipid lowering drug that acts on hepatocytes by blocking the 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme. As a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, PTV possesses very low water solubility; hence, poor bioavailability leads to poor drug delivery to the target organ. The study aims to develop various PTV solid dispersion (SD) formulations and to investigate the release profile of PTV SD systems. Different PTV physical mixing and SD formulations were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon®90F) and Kollicoat®IR hydrophilic polymers by fusion and solvent evaporation approaches. The efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by in vitro PTV release studies. Subsequently, the characterization of SD formulations was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies confirmed that all the developed formulations showed a comparatively better release percentage (75.31–98.45%) than the pure PTV (61.76%) after 60 min. Additionally, the outcomes showed that raising the concentration of both polymers improved PTV's ability to dissolve. In comparison to physical mixing formulations, SD formulations made using fusion and solvent evaporation processes performed better during dissolution. The TGA, DSC, and FTIR studies confirmed that the tested SD formulations (1:2, 1:3 ratios) were stable at high temperatures with a reduction in crystallinity and no notable interaction between the drug and polymers. The SEM analysis showed that the PTV was evenly spread out in the carriers and that the crystal-like structure of the PTV had changed into an amorphous form. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 37-50, 2024 (January)
{"title":"Characterization and In vitro Dissolution Assessment of Pitavastatin-polyvinyl Pyrrolidone and Kollicoat®IR Solid Dispersions Prepared by Solvent Evaporation and Fusion Methodologies","authors":"Ishtyaque Mikrani, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Md Raihan Sarkar, K. Sikdar, Mashiur Rahman, Md Abdus Samadd","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71151","url":null,"abstract":"Pitavastatin (PTV) is a potent lipid lowering drug that acts on hepatocytes by blocking the 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme. As a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, PTV possesses very low water solubility; hence, poor bioavailability leads to poor drug delivery to the target organ. The study aims to develop various PTV solid dispersion (SD) formulations and to investigate the release profile of PTV SD systems. Different PTV physical mixing and SD formulations were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon®90F) and Kollicoat®IR hydrophilic polymers by fusion and solvent evaporation approaches. The efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by in vitro PTV release studies. Subsequently, the characterization of SD formulations was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies confirmed that all the developed formulations showed a comparatively better release percentage (75.31–98.45%) than the pure PTV (61.76%) after 60 min. Additionally, the outcomes showed that raising the concentration of both polymers improved PTV's ability to dissolve. In comparison to physical mixing formulations, SD formulations made using fusion and solvent evaporation processes performed better during dissolution. The TGA, DSC, and FTIR studies confirmed that the tested SD formulations (1:2, 1:3 ratios) were stable at high temperatures with a reduction in crystallinity and no notable interaction between the drug and polymers. The SEM analysis showed that the PTV was evenly spread out in the carriers and that the crystal-like structure of the PTV had changed into an amorphous form.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 37-50, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sultana, Abida Sultana, F. Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, A. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md. Shah Amran
Lagenaria siceraria is a well-known vegetable fruit in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities of the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits (EELSF). Total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity tests were done to determine antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using heat- and hypotonic solution induced hemolysis. Human RBC from healthy volunteers were used to assess the thrombolytic activity of the extract. Ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits displayed noticeable antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities when compared to the standard drugs. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of different solvent fractions and plant parts of L. siceraria. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 1-8, 2024 (January)
{"title":"In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant, Membrane Stabilization and Thrombolytic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Lagenaria siceraria Fruit","authors":"A. Sultana, Abida Sultana, F. Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, A. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v27i1.71148","url":null,"abstract":"Lagenaria siceraria is a well-known vegetable fruit in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities of the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits (EELSF). Total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity tests were done to determine antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using heat- and hypotonic solution induced hemolysis. Human RBC from healthy volunteers were used to assess the thrombolytic activity of the extract. Ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruits displayed noticeable antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities when compared to the standard drugs. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of different solvent fractions and plant parts of L. siceraria.\u0000Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 1-8, 2024 (January)","PeriodicalId":8695,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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