Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2278156
R D K Misra, K P Misra
The overview describes the synergy between biological sciences and cellular structures processed by additive manufacturing to elucidate the significance of cellular structured implants in eliminating stress shielding and in meeting the bio-mechanical property requirements of elastic modulus, impact resistance, and fatigue strength in conjunction with the biological functionality. The convergence of additive manufacturing, computer-aided design, and structure-property relationships is envisaged to provide the solution to the current day challenges in the biomedical arena. The traditional methods of fabrication of biomedical devices including casting and mechanical forming have limitations because of the mismatch in micro/microstructure, mechanical, and physical properties with the host site. Additive manufacturing of cellular structured alloys via electron beam melting and laser powder bed fusion has benefits of fabricating patient-specific design that is obtained from the computed tomography scan of the defect site. The discussion in the overview consists of two aspects - the first one describes the underlying reason that motivated 3D printing of implants from the perspective of minimising stress shielding together with the mechanical property requirements, where the mechanical properties of cellular structured implants depend on the cellular architecture and percentage cellular porosity. The second aspect focuses on the biological response of cellular structured devices.
{"title":"Process-structure-biofunctional paradigm in cellular structured implants: an overview and perspective on the synergy between additive manufacturing, bio-mechanical behaviour and biological functions.","authors":"R D K Misra, K P Misra","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2278156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2023.2278156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overview describes the synergy between biological sciences and cellular structures processed by additive manufacturing to elucidate the significance of cellular structured implants in eliminating stress shielding and in meeting the bio-mechanical property requirements of elastic modulus, impact resistance, and fatigue strength in conjunction with the biological functionality. The convergence of additive manufacturing, computer-aided design, and structure-property relationships is envisaged to provide the solution to the current day challenges in the biomedical arena. The traditional methods of fabrication of biomedical devices including casting and mechanical forming have limitations because of the mismatch in micro/microstructure, mechanical, and physical properties with the host site. Additive manufacturing of cellular structured alloys <i>via</i> electron beam melting and laser powder bed fusion has benefits of fabricating patient-specific design that is obtained from the computed tomography scan of the defect site. The discussion in the overview consists of two aspects - the first one describes the underlying reason that motivated 3D printing of implants from the perspective of minimising stress shielding together with the mechanical property requirements, where the mechanical properties of cellular structured implants depend on the cellular architecture and percentage cellular porosity. The second aspect focuses on the biological response of cellular structured devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"51 1","pages":"630-640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Therefore, we intend to explore novel strategies against PDAC. The exosomes-based biomimetic nanoparticle is an appealing candidate served as a drug carrier in cancer treatment, due to its inherit abilities. In the present study, we designed dasatinib-loaded hybrid exosomes by fusing human pancreatic cancer cells derived exosomes with dasatinib-loaded liposomes, followed by characterization for particle size (119.9 ± 6.10 nm) and zeta potential (-11.45 ± 2.24 mV). Major protein analysis from western blot techniques reveal the presence of exosome marker proteins CD9 and CD81. PEGylated hybrid exosomes showed pH-sensitive drug release in acidic condition, benefiting drug delivery to acidic cancer environment. Dasatinib-loaded hybrid exosomes exhibited significantly higher uptake rates and cytotoxicity to parent PDAC cells by two-sample t-test or by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, as compared to free drug or liposomal formulations. The results from our computational analysis demonstrated that the drug-likeness, ADMET, and protein-ligand binding affinity of dasatinib are verified successfully. Cancer derived hybrid exosomes may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
{"title":"Study on tumour cell-derived hybrid exosomes as dasatinib nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer therapy.","authors":"Xiaofei Zhou, Yuetang Zhuang, Xiaohong Liu, Yaowen Gu, Junting Wang, Yuchen Shi, Li Zhang, Rui Li, Yelin Zhao, Hebing Chen, Jiao Li, Hongjuan Yao, Liang Li","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2264358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2264358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Therefore, we intend to explore novel strategies against PDAC. The exosomes-based biomimetic nanoparticle is an appealing candidate served as a drug carrier in cancer treatment, due to its inherit abilities. In the present study, we designed dasatinib-loaded hybrid exosomes by fusing human pancreatic cancer cells derived exosomes with dasatinib-loaded liposomes, followed by characterization for particle size (119.9 ± 6.10 nm) and zeta potential (-11.45 ± 2.24 mV). Major protein analysis from western blot techniques reveal the presence of exosome marker proteins CD9 and CD81. PEGylated hybrid exosomes showed pH-sensitive drug release in acidic condition, benefiting drug delivery to acidic cancer environment. Dasatinib-loaded hybrid exosomes exhibited significantly higher uptake rates and cytotoxicity to parent PDAC cells by two-sample t-test or by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, as compared to free drug or liposomal formulations. The results from our computational analysis demonstrated that the drug-likeness, ADMET, and protein-ligand binding affinity of dasatinib are verified successfully. Cancer derived hybrid exosomes may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"51 1","pages":"532-546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72208207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2255635
Yanchun Gao, Ruihong Wang, Lin Liu, Shitao Feng, Xiaozhi Xi, Wengong Yu, Yuchao Gu, Ye Wang
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a pathogen associated with several gastrointestinal diseases. The current treatments exhibit numerous drawbacks, including antibiotic resistance. H. pylori can adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa through H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), and antibodies against HpaA may be an effective therapeutic approach. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) is a novel type of single-domain antibody with a small size, good stability, and easy manufacturability. This study isolated VNARs against HpaA from an immune shark VNAR phage display library. The VNARs can bind both recombinant and native HpaA proteins. The VNARs, 2A2 and 3D6, showed high binding affinities to HpaA with different epitopes. Furthermore, homodimeric bivalent VNARs, biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6, were constructed to enhance the binding affinity. The biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6 had excellent stability at gastrointestinal pH conditions. Finally, a sandwich ELISA assay was developed to quantify the HpaA protein using BiNb-2A2 as the capture antibody and BiNb-3D6 as the detection antibody. This study provides a potential foundation for novel alternative approaches to treatment or diagnostics applications of H. pylori infection.
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)被认为是一种与多种胃肠道疾病相关的病原体。目前的治疗方法有许多缺点,包括抗生素耐药性。幽门螺杆菌可通过幽门螺杆菌粘连素A (HpaA)粘附胃黏膜并定植,抗HpaA抗体可能是治疗幽门螺杆菌的有效途径。免疫球蛋白新抗原受体可变结构域(variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor, VNAR)是一种体积小、稳定性好、易于制造的新型单域抗体。本研究从免疫鲨鱼VNAR噬菌体展示文库中分离出抗HpaA的VNAR。vnas可以结合重组蛋白和天然HpaA蛋白。vnas 2A2和3D6对不同表位的HpaA具有较高的结合亲和力。此外,构建了二价同源二聚体vnas biNb-2A2和biNb-3D6,以增强其结合亲和力。biNb-2A2和biNb-3D6在胃肠道pH条件下具有良好的稳定性。最后,以BiNb-2A2为捕获抗体,BiNb-3D6为检测抗体,建立夹心ELISA法定量HpaA蛋白。本研究为幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗或诊断提供了新的替代方法的潜在基础。
{"title":"Identification and characterization of shark VNARs targeting the <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> adhesin HpaA.","authors":"Yanchun Gao, Ruihong Wang, Lin Liu, Shitao Feng, Xiaozhi Xi, Wengong Yu, Yuchao Gu, Ye Wang","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2255635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2023.2255635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is recognized as a pathogen associated with several gastrointestinal diseases. The current treatments exhibit numerous drawbacks, including antibiotic resistance. <i>H. pylori</i> can adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa through <i>H. pylori</i> adhesin A (HpaA), and antibodies against HpaA may be an effective therapeutic approach. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) is a novel type of single-domain antibody with a small size, good stability, and easy manufacturability. This study isolated VNARs against HpaA from an immune shark VNAR phage display library. The VNARs can bind both recombinant and native HpaA proteins. The VNARs, 2A2 and 3D6, showed high binding affinities to HpaA with different epitopes. Furthermore, homodimeric bivalent VNARs, biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6, were constructed to enhance the binding affinity. The biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6 had excellent stability at gastrointestinal pH conditions. Finally, a sandwich ELISA assay was developed to quantify the HpaA protein using BiNb-2A2 as the capture antibody and BiNb-3D6 as the detection antibody. This study provides a potential foundation for novel alternative approaches to treatment or diagnostics applications of <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"51 1","pages":"509-519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10211558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2179062
Sanjay, Anshul Sharma, Hae-Jeung Lee
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea) berry fruit extracts using a well-known, cost-effective, and environmental friendly hydrothermal process. The material was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), XPS, and TEM studies. The as-synthesized carbon dots exhibit excellent PL properties, with a quantum yield of ∼35.92%. CQDs vary in size from ∼2 nm to 9 nm. This study established the neuroprotective effects of CQDs against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human microglial cell model. LPS was found to induce cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α) and downregulated enzymatic antioxidants such as nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase, catalase, haem oxygenase (HO)-1, HO-2, and glutathione peroxidase, while CQDs treatment reversed LPS induced cytotoxicity, induced anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β) and induce enzymatic antioxidants both at transcriptional and translational levels. The study suggested the potential role of CQDs prepared from Lonicera caerulea, as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, CQDs could be exploited in various biomedical applications such as biosensing, drug delivery and tissue engineering.
{"title":"Honeyberry-derived carbon quantum dots ameliorate LPS-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through Nrf2/HO-1 signalling in HMC3 cells","authors":"Sanjay, Anshul Sharma, Hae-Jeung Lee","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2179062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2023.2179062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from blue honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera caerulea</i>) berry fruit extracts using a well-known, cost-effective, and environmental friendly hydrothermal process. The material was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), XPS, and TEM studies. The as-synthesized carbon dots exhibit excellent PL properties, with a quantum yield of ∼35.92%. CQDs vary in size from ∼2 nm to 9 nm. This study established the neuroprotective effects of CQDs against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human microglial cell model. LPS was found to induce cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α) and downregulated enzymatic antioxidants such as nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase, catalase, haem oxygenase (HO)-1, HO-2, and glutathione peroxidase, while CQDs treatment reversed LPS induced cytotoxicity, induced anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β) and induce enzymatic antioxidants both at transcriptional and translational levels. The study suggested the potential role of CQDs prepared from <i>Lonicera caerulea</i>, as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, CQDs could be exploited in various biomedical applications such as biosensing, drug delivery and tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2060561
Eommolbanin Ebrahimi, Amir Ahmad Khandaghi, F. Valipour, Soraia Babaie, Fatemeh Asghari, Soheila Motaali, E. Abbasi, A. Akbarzadeh, S. Davaran
The reused images have been described as originating from a new study with no reference to the previous studies. We contacted the corresponding authors, and they acknowledged the similarities in the data published. As this error directly impacts the reported results and conclusions, the Editor and Publisher have agreed to retract the article to ensure correction of the scholarly record. The corresponding author has been informed.
{"title":"Statement of Retraction","authors":"Eommolbanin Ebrahimi, Amir Ahmad Khandaghi, F. Valipour, Soraia Babaie, Fatemeh Asghari, Soheila Motaali, E. Abbasi, A. Akbarzadeh, S. Davaran","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2022.2060561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2022.2060561","url":null,"abstract":"The reused images have been described as originating from a new study with no reference to the previous studies. We contacted the corresponding authors, and they acknowledged the similarities in the data published. As this error directly impacts the reported results and conclusions, the Editor and Publisher have agreed to retract the article to ensure correction of the scholarly record. The corresponding author has been informed.","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"237 1","pages":"110 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72905606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2060559
Eommolbanin Ebrahimi, A. Akbarzadeh, E. Abbasi, Amir Ahmad Khandaghi, Farhad Abasalizadeh, S. Davaran
Figure 5 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 6 from Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401. 2014.968822). Figure 6 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 7 from Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401. 2014.968822) Figure 6 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 11 from Akbarzadeh et al., 2012 (https://doi.org/10.2147/ IJN.S24326) Figure 7 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 8 from Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401. 2014.968822).
{"title":"Statement of Retraction","authors":"Eommolbanin Ebrahimi, A. Akbarzadeh, E. Abbasi, Amir Ahmad Khandaghi, Farhad Abasalizadeh, S. Davaran","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2022.2060559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2022.2060559","url":null,"abstract":"Figure 5 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 6 from Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401. 2014.968822). Figure 6 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 7 from Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401. 2014.968822) Figure 6 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 11 from Akbarzadeh et al., 2012 (https://doi.org/10.2147/ IJN.S24326) Figure 7 appears to have been duplicated with Figure 8 from Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401. 2014.968822).","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"109 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78788246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2149931
Shushanik Kazaryan, Lilit Farsiyan, Juleta Tumoyan, Gayane Kirakosyan, Naira Ayvazyan, Hrachik Gasparyan, Sona Buloyan, Lilit Arshakyan, Ara Kirakosyan, Ashkhen Hovhannisyan
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) requires a study of their safety. The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes in the experimental model of sarcoma S-180 of outbred mice caused by biogenic AgNPs. AgNPs were synthesized using 50% ethanol extract of Ocimum araratum leaves that was standardized for rosmarinic acid content. The effects of AgNPs were tested on chemiluminescence (ChL), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in healthy and experimental model of sarcoma S-180 mice. It was shown that, under the influence of AgNPs, the intensity of ChL decreased, in contrast with control groups (with the exception of the hepatocytes of animals with transplanted sarcoma). The presence of AgNPs leads to the decrease of MDA in the tissues of healthy mice and to a slight increase of MDA content in the tumour and kidney tissues. AgNPs neutralize the activity of SOD in kidney tissue samples in animals with transplanted sarcoma, and in tumour tissue, they reduce SOD activity by three times. The results of the histological analysis indicate that AgNPs not only cause the destruction of tumour tissue but also lead to structural changes in hepatocytes and nephrons, which can affect the function of these organs. AgNPs are potential agents for antitumor therapy. Future studies are needed using biocompatible non-toxic NPs that meet the requirement for these drugs.
{"title":"Oxidative stress and histopathological changes in several organs of mice injected with biogenic silver nanoparticles.","authors":"Shushanik Kazaryan, Lilit Farsiyan, Juleta Tumoyan, Gayane Kirakosyan, Naira Ayvazyan, Hrachik Gasparyan, Sona Buloyan, Lilit Arshakyan, Ara Kirakosyan, Ashkhen Hovhannisyan","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2022.2149931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2022.2149931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) requires a study of their safety. The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes in the experimental model of sarcoma S-180 of outbred mice caused by biogenic AgNPs. AgNPs were synthesized using 50% ethanol extract of <i>Ocimum araratum</i> leaves that was standardized for rosmarinic acid content. The effects of AgNPs were tested on chemiluminescence (ChL), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in healthy and experimental model of sarcoma S-180 mice. It was shown that, under the influence of AgNPs, the intensity of ChL decreased, in contrast with control groups (with the exception of the hepatocytes of animals with transplanted sarcoma). The presence of AgNPs leads to the decrease of MDA in the tissues of healthy mice and to a slight increase of MDA content in the tumour and kidney tissues. AgNPs neutralize the activity of SOD in kidney tissue samples in animals with transplanted sarcoma, and in tumour tissue, they reduce SOD activity by three times. The results of the histological analysis indicate that AgNPs not only cause the destruction of tumour tissue but also lead to structural changes in hepatocytes and nephrons, which can affect the function of these organs. AgNPs are potential agents for antitumor therapy. Future studies are needed using biocompatible non-toxic NPs that meet the requirement for these drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}