Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Morphological responses and genes expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) clones under phosphorus limitation","authors":"Sigit Dwi Maryanto ,&nbsp;Roberdi ,&nbsp;Tri Rini Nuringtyas ,&nbsp;Purnomo ,&nbsp;Diah Rachmawati ,&nbsp;Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ,&nbsp;Zulfikar Achmad Tanjung ,&nbsp;Widyartini Made Sudania ,&nbsp;Condro Utomo ,&nbsp;Tony Liwang ,&nbsp;Budi Setiadi Daryono","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a serious abiotic constraint which affected plant cellular homeostasis, especially in tropical areas with highly acidic soil and less solubility P, which affects of oil palm productivity. Studies for increasing P uptake efficiency in oil palms were necessary. One of the strategies that could be applied is the development of molecular markers that could be used for the selection of more efficient oil palm genetic materials. Candidate genes used in this study were selected from transcriptomic data of a P trial elaborated from the oil palm genome project. Two genes, namely <em>EgPap3</em> and <em>EgPti1</em> were selected, and their response to varying P dosages in oil palm clones were investigated. This study aimed was to obtain both morphological responses and expression of these two genes using selected clones under P-limitation conditions. In the current work, three-month-old prolific and non-prolific clones were grown hydroponically and maintained under three P dosages for 180 days, namely P-starvation (P1), P-deficiency (P2), and P-optimum (P3). A commercial internal standard cross (DxP) was used as a control. The P dosages were referred to the internal procedure for oil palm seedlings in main nursery stage. A total of nine quantitative and three functional parameters including biomass, P-content, and leaf chlorophyll were observed. Gene expression was measured from leaves and root samples using the RT-qPCR approach after 180 days after treatment (DAT). The results showed that prolific and non-prolific clone, the prolific and standard genotype and non-prolific and standard genotype was different in 10, 9 and 5 parameters, respectively. Biomass and leaf number were two parameters that showed similar response for three genotypes tested. The <em>EgPti1</em> expression of the prolific was higher than non-prolific and standard genotype at both P-starvation and deficiency in roots and leaves at 180 DAT. A similar pattern was observed in <em>EgPap3</em> expression. <em>EgPap3</em> expression in leaf of prolific was higher than in root at both P1 and P2 treatment. An association study based on OPLS-DA analysis showed that the prolific clone was completely separated from non-prolific and standard genotype at different phosphorus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of cytosporone D-an octaketide produced by endophytic fungi Diaporthe sp. associated with the medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.)","authors":"Greesty Finotory Swandiny ,&nbsp;Jepri Agung Priyanto ,&nbsp;Ahmad Rezza Dzumalex ,&nbsp;Euis Filaila ,&nbsp;Muhammad Eka Prastya ,&nbsp;Puspa Dewi Narrij Lotulung ,&nbsp;Megawati ,&nbsp;Akhmad Darmawan ,&nbsp;Tia Okselni ,&nbsp;Indarto ,&nbsp;Gian Primahana","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are promising sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the twigs of <em>Mitragyna speciosa</em>, aiming to identify the active compound from the most potent isolate. Five morphologically distinct fungal isolates were obtained, among which isolate KR-2 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 78.125 to 1250 μg/mL against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and resistant strains including <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA). Molecular identification based on the ITS region revealed that KR-2 is closely related to <em>Diaporthe</em> sp. Genetic analysis of KR-2 confirmed the presence of the type I polyketide synthase (PKS I) gene, while non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and PKS II genes were not detected. Large-scale fermentation and purification of KR-2 yielded cytosporone D, an octaketide with potent antibacterial activity against MRSA (MIC, 22.18 μg/mL). At 2 × MIC, cytosporone D inhibited MRSA biofilm formation by 67.39 %, outperforming the KR-2 crude extract (48.48 %), as further evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Molecular docking analyses revealed favorable interactions between cytosporone D and key MRSA-related targets, including D-alanine-D-alanine ligase (Ddl, −4.54 kcal/mol), penicillin-binding proteins of PBP4 (−3.89 kcal/mol) and PBP2a (−5.11 kcal/mol), and peptide deformylase (PDF; −4.77 kcal/mol). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cytosporone D from <em>M. speciosa</em>-associated <em>Diaporthe</em> sp., highlighting its novelty as a promising source of natural antibiotics for further development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of encapsulated Bacillus subtilis in soil under salinity and temperature stresses","authors":"Vanessa Araujo Graciano ,&nbsp;Ludimila Araújo Lodi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Molina de Vasconcellos ,&nbsp;Cristiane Sanchez Farinas","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of microbial inoculants in agriculture is often limited by the complexity of soil environments and exposure to biotic and abiotic factors. Encapsulation presents a promising strategy to enhance microbial survival and efficacy in such conditions. However, how the encapsulated cells thrive in soil environments subjected to stress remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of starch-based encapsulation in enhancing the survival and proliferation of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> in soil under varying salinity (0–200 mM NaCl) and temperature conditions (15 °C, 30 °C, and 45 °C). Bench-scale pot experiments were conducted using both artificial and clayey soils to compare the behavior of encapsulated versus free-cell inoculation. Morphological and structural characterization confirmed the successful integration of the microbial cells into a starch and phosphate-based matrix, which provided physical protection and sustained nutrient availability. Encapsulated <em>B. subtilis</em> consistently outperformed free cells in survival and growth, particularly under moderate to high salinity and at 15 °C and 30 °C. Even in nutrient-poor, acidic clayey soil, encapsulation significantly improved bacterial persistence. Long-term storage tests further demonstrated the formulation's viability after more than 2 years at ambient conditions. These findings show the potential of starch-based encapsulation as a strategy to improve microbial inoculant performance in climate-stressed agricultural systems, contributing to the development of more resilient biofertilizers for sustainable farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of lactic acid from whey lactose by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cells entrapped in a mesoporous silicate matrix","authors":"Oluwadamilola V. Fadiya ,&nbsp;Maria A. Perillo","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a sol-gel silica matrix was used in repeated batch fermentations for Lactic acid (LA) production, as a carrier of confined <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>, previously transformed by incorporating a plasmid containing the gene encoding for <em>E.coli</em> β-galactosidase (β-Gal). The overexpression of β-Gal and the increased LA production in transformed <em>L.plantarum (t-L.plantarum)</em>, compared with the wild-type bacteria, was confirmed. The parameters involved in lactose fermentation, such as agitation, pH, and temperature involved in the fermentation process, were optimized to improve lactose conversion, reduce fermentation rates, and achieve higher LA productivity by entrapped cells compared to the free cells. LA concentration, yield, and productivity were compared in terms of LA output. The effect of confinement on the cell viability was studied after seven cycles, and minimal loss in bacterial count was observed. Entrapped t-bacteria could be kept preferably at 4 °C for at least 3 months. Immobilized cells reached an LA yield up to 20.7 g/L while the free cells reached 18 g/L under the same optimized conditions. LA yield depended on the composition of the culture media: broth &gt; whey &gt; lactose solution. Our results support the sustainable production of LA from whey by using the <em>t-L.plantarum</em> sol-gel silica entrapment to add value to this by-product rather than improper disposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of forest residues: A microbial cocktail for efficient lignocellulosic pretreatment and bioresource valorization","authors":"Jiajia Sun ,&nbsp;Lina Tan ,&nbsp;Ao Guo ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shenglong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forestry waste (FW), a renewable resource, poses significant challenges in efficient utilization due to its complex lignocellulosic structure, necessitating effective pretreatment processes. In this study, a solid mixed microbial agent (SMMA) was developed and optimized using response surface methodology to enhance the biological pretreatment of FW. When compared with traditional physical treatment methods, SMMA increased the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by 62.96 %, 42.88 %, and 52.00 %, respectively. When compared with chemical pretreatment methods, SMMA increased the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by 31.49 %, 28.59 %, and 36.03 %, respectively. Additionally, SMMA facilitated the generation of valuable metabolites, including glucose and vanillic acid. Microbial community and metabolomic analyses revealed key microbial shifts and metabolic pathways activated during the pretreatment process. These findings highlight SMMA as an effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, making it highly suitable for bioenergy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from red grape potsuit aimed at inhibiting Botrytis cinerea in vitro","authors":"Larissa Fernanda Finazzi da Costa ,&nbsp;Larissa Perreira Machado ,&nbsp;Sthefanie Lemos Barbosa ,&nbsp;Sabrina Carra ,&nbsp;Eloane Malvessi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red grape pomace, a byproduct of wine production, has significant levels of phenolic compounds with biological activity, including antifungal characteristics. The recovery of these compounds facilitates the formulation of natural fungicidal compositions that adhere to circular economy principles. The goal of this study was to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the red grape pomace of the <em>Vitis vinifera</em> varieties Merlot and Pinot noir, as well as to evaluate their in vitro antifungal efficacy against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>. Initial studies were performed to assess the extraction parameters: solvent type, temperature, and temperature. After these were determined, additional parameters (solvent concentration, agitation, and biomass percentage) were enhanced using a central composite rotary design (CCRD). Ethanol was discovered to be the most effective solvent, delivering up to 151.06 g GAE·100 g⁻¹ under ideal conditions (50 % v/v ethanol, 30 % w/v pomace, 700 rpm, 50 °C, 2 h). Merlot and Pinot Noir extracts show significant fungicidal effects, limiting <em>B. cinerea</em> growth in vitro through contact and volatile action, as well as lowering the production of extracellular enzymes associated with fungal pathogenicity (amylase, cellulase, and esterase). These findings show the feasibility of producing bioactive extracts from winemaking residues as long-term alternatives to chemical fungicides. Future research should concentrate on process scalability, compound stability, and field validation to encourage commercial applications and make larger contributions to SDGs 12 and 13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) into kefir: Phytochemical profiling and functional impacts","authors":"Ozge Yildiz Bayram","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the chemical profile and bioactive properties of rosemary (<em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L.) oil, focusing on its potential applications as a natural preservative and antioxidant enhancer in functional food systems. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the essential oil's key compounds, including carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and 1,8-cineole, were quantified. Rosemary oil was incorporated into kefir at different concentrations (0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1.0 %) to evaluate its effects on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, microbial stability, organic acid profiles, and sensory properties during refrigerated storage. Low concentrations (0.1 %) significantly enhanced antioxidant activity and total phenolic content while maintaining favorable sensory attributes. In contrast, higher concentrations exhibited stronger antimicrobial effects, reduced microbial viability, and moderately impacted sensory acceptability. Organic acid analysis revealed that lactic acid levels increased over storage in control and low rosemary oil groups but remained stable at higher concentrations, indicating a mild inhibitory effect on lactic acid bacteria. These findings underscore the potential of rosemary oil as a multifunctional bioactive ingredient for improving the nutritional, functional, and sensory quality of fermented dairy products, aligning with clean-label innovation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqua regia, as a carbon modifier, improves the physical properties and chemical adsorption capacities of activated carbon from passion fruit peel","authors":"Bo Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Cong Xia ,&nbsp;Jie Tang ,&nbsp;Xinhong Dong ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Xia Li ,&nbsp;Biyu Peng ,&nbsp;Hock Eng Khoo","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop activated carbon from passion fruit peel by impregnating it with aqua regia. The adsorption effects of the carbon samples on dye and phenol were determined. Their surface morphology, pore structure, crystallinity, and thermal stability were analyzed. The potential functional groups at the carbon structure were also estimated using the antioxidant capacity assay, apart from the infrared analysis. The surface morphology of the carbon samples underwent alterations after the high-temperature and aqua regia treatments. The specific surface area of the carbon samples increased by more than 133 times. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the carbon samples revealed their porous nature and amorphous structures, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the carbon samples exhibited moderate thermal stability. These results confirmed the presence of oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups within the carbon structure. This study provided scientific evidence on the feasibility of aqua regia as a carbon modifier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus licheniformis inoculation accelerates the humification process through regulating the shikimic acid pathway and lignin degradation in pilot-scale composting","authors":"Rixin Bao,&nbsp;Xiaolin Lu,&nbsp;Wenyu Huang,&nbsp;Qunliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin degradation (LD) and shikimic acid pathway (SAP) are important for the synthesis of humus precursor. This pilot-scale study investigated the regulatory role of <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> (TA65) on these pathways and the humification process. Results demonstrated that TA65 inoculation significantly accelerated the LD rate, with the experimental group (CT) achieving a degradation rate of 35.60 %, substantially higher than that of the control (CK, 26.80 %). Compared with CK, CT raised humus substances (HS) and humic acid (HA) contents by 20.72 % and 170.01 %, respectively. These enhancements were driven by a notable increase in key enzyme activities; peak polyphenol oxidase activity and laccase activity in CT reached 14.20 U/g and 950.78 U/g, respectively, both significantly higher than in CK. Moreover, microbial analysis revealed that TA65 inoculation reshaped the humification-associated microbial community, significantly elevating the relative abundances of <em>Saccharomonospora</em> and <em>Planifilum</em>. Concurrently, CT upregulated a suite of SAP-related genes (including <em>aroC</em>, <em>aroF/H</em>, <em>aroG/A</em>, <em>aroK/L</em>). Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations among LD, the relative abundance of SAP-related genes, and humification parameters. These integrated metabolic regulations reduced fulvic acid (FA), promoted the accumulation of HS and HA during composting. The findings confirm that TA65 enhances humus synthesis primarily by altering the compost microenvironment and improving the metabolic functions of key microbes, which provides a theoretical foundation for the targeted enhancement of humification in large-scale composting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and evaluation of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) bioactive peptides as α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant produced using enzymatic membrane reactor","authors":"Marciano Oscar Maida ,&nbsp;Slamet Budijanto ,&nbsp;Mohsen Gavahian ,&nbsp;Azis Boing Sitanggang","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Jack bean (<em>Canavalia ensiformis</em>) is considered a potent source of parent proteins for producing bioactive peptides. Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in jack bean proteins can be achieved utilizing an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) with a dual enzyme system composed of Alcalase and Neutrase. In this study, EMR was operated continuously for hydrolyzing jack bean isolate in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (0.75 % w/v) and maintained at 50 °C for 8 h with continuous stirring at 300 rpm, to assess the presence of extracted small-molecular weight bioactive peptides with antioxidant and <em>α</em>-glucosidase inhibitor activities. Due to constant flux operation, an increase in transmembrane pressure was observed to compensate for biological fouling on the membrane surface.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 5-kDa polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was shown to be effective in maintaining enzyme activity by completely retaining the enzyme molecules within the reactor (rejection &gt;99 %). The optimal design of EMR operating parameters was an [E]/[S] = 7.5 %, pH = 7.5, and <em>τ</em> = 6 h. The EMR system's capability to maintain steady-state conditions for producing bioactive peptides over an extended period was demonstrated through its long-term continuous operational performance, of more than 60 h with a constant α-glucosidase activity. Using a 2-kDa PES membrane for further fractionation resulted in the highest bioactivity of the hydrolysates. The IC₅₀ for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were 0.23 and 1.71 mg peptides/mL, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings bridge the gap between the production of bioactive peptides on a laboratory scale and representative continuous production in industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}