Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献_第9页

Citrus Peel–Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles: Green synthesis, plant responses, and antibacterial activity 柑橘皮介导的ZnO纳米颗粒：绿色合成、植物反应和抗菌活性

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103854

Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu

The pursuit of sustainable agricultural practices has spurred interest in eco-friendly nanomaterials. This study investigates the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) using peel extracts of orange (Citrus sinensis, O-) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium, BO-), abundant agro-wastes as an alternative to conventional chemical methods. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized; XRD confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite structure and FTIR indicated phytochemical capping. Key quantitative outcomes were as follows: Average crystallite sizes (Debye–Scherrer) were 26.78 nm (raw), 23.34 nm (O-), and 19.84 nm (BO-). In germination tests, raw ZnO-NP achieved 100 % germination at 2000 mg L⁻¹, while higher concentrations decreased performance. BO-ZnO-NP markedly reduced root–shoot elongation at elevated levels, indicating phytotoxicity. In foliar application, raw and BO-ZnO-NP at 1000–2000 mg L⁻¹ increased chlorophyll and promoted growth; chlorophyll peaked at 5000 mg L⁻¹ (raw) and 1000 mg L⁻¹ (BO-). Biomass followed a dose-dependent pattern: raw ZnO-NP increased biomass above 3000 mg L⁻¹, whereas BO-ZnO-NP reduced biomass. Maximum Zn accumulation occurred under soil application at 3000 (raw), 4000 (O-), and 5000 (BO-) mg L⁻¹, and under foliar application at 3000 (raw), 2000 (O-), and 4000 (BO-) mg L⁻¹, respectively. Antibacterial tests showed greater sensitivity of S. aureus to O-/BO-ZnO-NP at low doses compared to E. coli, while raw ZnO-NP exhibited the highest overall inhibition. These findings highlight the importance of synthesis route and application strategy in maximizing the agronomic benefits of ZnO-NP while minimizing phytotoxic and environmental risks.

对可持续农业实践的追求激发了人们对生态友好型纳米材料的兴趣。本研究以柑橘（Citrus sinensis, O-）和苦橙（Citrus aurantium, BO-）这两种丰富的农业废弃物为原料，研究了绿色合成氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO-NP）的方法。对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征；XRD证实为六方纤锌矿结构，FTIR证实为植物化学盖层。主要定量结果如下：平均晶粒尺寸（Debye-Scherrer）为26.78 nm（生晶）、23.34 nm （O-）和19.84 nm （BO-）。在萌发试验中，粗ZnO-NP在2000 mg L−1条件下萌发率达到100%，但浓度越高则萌发率越低。BO-ZnO-NP水平升高显著降低了根冠伸长，表明植物毒性。在叶面施用中，1000 ~ 2000 mg L−1的生料和BO-ZnO-NP增加了叶绿素，促进了生长；叶绿素峰值为5000 mg L−1（生）和1000 mg L−1 （BO-）。生物量遵循剂量依赖模式：在3000 mg L−1以上，原始ZnO-NP增加了生物量，而BO-ZnO-NP减少了生物量。土壤施锌量分别为3000（生）、4000 （O-）和5000 (BO-) mg L - 1，叶面施锌量分别为3000（生）、2000 （O-）和4000 (BO-) mg L - 1。抗菌试验显示，与大肠杆菌相比，低剂量的金黄色葡萄球菌对O-/BO-ZnO-NP更敏感，而未经处理的ZnO-NP表现出最高的总体抑制作用。这些发现强调了合成路线和应用策略对于最大限度地提高ZnO-NP的农艺效益，同时最大限度地降低植物毒性和环境风险的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Fractionation of polyphenolic extract from walnut male flowers (Juglans regia L.) and evaluation of biological activity towards cancer cells 核桃雄花多酚提取物的分离及抗肿瘤活性评价

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103850

Natalia Żurek, Ireneusz Kapusta

The bioactive properties of male walnut flowers are among the least understood of all morphological parts of the Juglans regia tree. In this study, C18 bed fractionation technology was used for the first time to define the component or fraction of flowers with the highest cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and antioxidant activity. The work resulted in a crude extract (CE) and four fractions with significantly different profiles and polyphenolic compositions. A total of 32 phenolic compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, juglanoid isomers, and tannins. Their content in CE was 22.58 mg/g and was 6.3, 9.9, and 2.1 times higher in fractions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In contrast, for fraction 4, this value was 3.4 times lower. Cytotoxic activity against six cancer cell lines can be ranked in the following order: fraction 4 > fraction 3 > fraction 2 > fraction 1 > CE. The most active fraction showed cytotoxicity 1.7 to 19.4 times weaker than cisplatin. Fractions 2 and 4 also showed the highest anti-migration (inhibition of 95.8 % and 86.0 %, respectively) and anti-invasive (92.2 % and 85.0 %, respectively) potential. In turn, the antioxidant activity in the chemical system significantly depended on the content of phenolic compounds and was ordered as follows: fraction 2 > fraction 3 > fraction 1 > fraction 4 > CE. This activity was also confirmed in cell tests (CCD841CoN, RAW 246.7 lines) through its ability to protect against cellular stress, ROS and NO generation. These findings allow for a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the phytochemical composition of walnut flowers on biological activity and provide insight into its potential therapeutic applications.

雄性核桃花的生物活性特性是在核桃树的所有形态部分中最不为人所知的。本研究首次采用C18床分离技术确定了花中具有最高细胞毒活性和抗氧化活性的成分或部位。这项工作产生了一个粗提取物（CE）和四个馏分具有显著不同的剖面和多酚成分。共鉴定出32种酚类化合物，包括酚酸、类黄酮、类核桃素异构体和单宁。其在CE中的含量为22.58 mg/g，在馏分1、2和3中分别高出6.3、9.9和2.1倍。相比之下，对于分数4，这个值要低3.4倍。对六种癌细胞的细胞毒活性可按以下顺序排列：部分4 >；部分3 >；部分2 >；部分1 >； CE。最活性部位的细胞毒性较顺铂弱1.7 ~ 19.4倍。组分2和组分4的抗迁移活性最高，分别为95.8%和86.0%，抗侵袭活性最高，分别为92.2%和85.0%。化学体系中的抗氧化活性显著依赖于酚类化合物的含量，顺序为：组分2 >；组分3 >；组分1 >；组分4 >； CE。这种活性也在细胞试验（CCD841CoN, RAW 246.7系）中得到证实，因为它具有抵抗细胞应激、ROS和NO生成的能力。这些发现有助于全面了解核桃花的植物化学成分对生物活性的影响，并为其潜在的治疗应用提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Himalayan botanical mediated elicitation regulates wheat growth through secondary metabolites and hormonal signalling 喜马拉雅植物介导的诱导通过次生代谢物和激素信号调节小麦生长

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103851

Seema Devi, Yashoda Nandan Tripathi, Richa Raghuwanshi

Plants as a resource of novel elicitors capable of inhibiting pathogen and promoting crop growth are gaining significant attention. Himalayan plants (Colebrookea oppositifolia, Digitalis purpurea and Rumex hastatus), well documented for their pharmacological value and antimicrobial properties were studied for their growth promoting potentials on wheat. Methanolic crude extract obtained from leaf samples of the selected Himalayan plants were applied on wheat through seed priming and foliar spray method. Morphological parameters selected for phyto-stimulatory assessment of treatments were germination percent, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and dry weight, vigour index, stem thickness and root volume, where significant improvements were recorded. Biochemical changes in response to treatment measured were photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic and flavonoid content, osmolytes and antioxidant activity. Wheat plants showed an increment in all the parameters after treatment with botanicals. The growth-promoting potentials of the selected botanicals were further evaluated for quantifying endogenous phytohormone (IAA and GA) levels in wheat through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Increased expression of hormones was recorded in wheat, which was treatment specific. Wheat stems examined through transverse sections showed increased lignification around the vascular tissue and hypodermis. This study represents the first documented investigation into the growth-promoting effects of selected botanicals on wheat, providing novel insights into their potential as biostimulants.

植物作为一种能够抑制病原菌和促进作物生长的新型激发子资源正受到越来越多的关注。对喜马拉雅植物（colebrokea oppositifolia， Digitalis purpurea和Rumex hastatus）的药理价值和抗菌特性进行了研究，研究了它们对小麦的促生长潜力。选用喜马拉雅植物叶片样品提取的甲醇粗提物，通过种子灌种和叶面喷雾的方法施用于小麦上。用于植物刺激评价的形态学参数为发芽率、茎长、根长、幼苗鲜重和干重、活力指数、茎粗和根体积，其中有显著改善。光合色素、总酚和类黄酮含量、渗透物和抗氧化活性等生化指标对处理的影响。小麦植株经植物药处理后，各项指标均有增加。利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定小麦内源植物激素（IAA和GA）水平，进一步评价所选植物制剂的促生长潜力。小麦中记录到激素表达增加，这是处理特异性的。小麦茎横切面显示维管组织和皮下组织周围木质化增加。本研究首次对选定植物药对小麦的促生长作用进行了文献调查，为其作为生物刺激素的潜力提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Kombucha fermentation enhances bioactive profile and sensory quality of sea buckthorn leaf infusion 康普茶发酵提高沙棘叶浸剂的生物活性和感官品质

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103849

Nikita Sanwal, Mohammed A. Bareen, Jatindra K. Sahu

The sea buckthorn leaves (SBL) possess significant medicinal properties, making them a promising substrate for developing a functional beverage. A symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) was used to ferment the SBL infusion at 30 ± 2 °C, producing kombucha; phytoconstituent dynamics were monitored on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. Principal component analysis separated day-0 infusions from day-14 kombuchas and distinguished the two species (PC1 55.72 %, PC2 21.91 %), reflecting lower pH, higher titratable acidity, higher TPC/TFC, and species-specific shifts in organic acids and phenolics. Polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin, kaempferol, hamamelitannin, rutin, and quercetin increased significantly (p < 0.05). Cu and Zn levels decreased (Log2 change −0.51 and −0.18), while Mg, K, Ca, and Ni increased (Log2 change 0.201, 0.15, 0.44, 0.41). Fe content was augmented from 0 to 70.51 ppb because of kombucha cultivation in the SBL infusion. Fermentation enhanced titratable acidity, reduced pH, and produced flavour compounds like 3-methylmannoside, xanthosine, and diisopropyl silyl isopropyl ether. This study highlights the nutritional, flavour, and valorisation potential of SBL in beverage development.

沙棘叶具有重要的药用价值，是开发功能饮料的重要原料。采用细菌与酵母菌共生培养（SCOBY），在30±2℃条件下对SBL输注进行发酵，制得康普茶；在第3、7、10和14天监测植物成分动态。主成分分析分离出第0天和第14天的红茶菌，并区分出两个物种（PC1 55.72%, PC2 21.91%），反映出较低的pH值、较高的可滴定酸度、较高的TPC/TFC，以及有机酸和酚类物质的物种特异性变化。表没食子儿茶素、山奈酚、金缕梅单宁、芦丁和槲皮素等多酚类化合物显著增加（p < 0.05）。Cu和Zn水平降低（Log2变化为- 0.51和- 0.18），Mg、K、Ca和Ni水平升高（Log2变化为0.201、0.15、0.44、0.41）。在SBL输注中加入康普茶后，铁含量由0提高到70.51 ppb。发酵提高了可滴定的酸度，降低了pH值，并产生了风味化合物，如3-甲基甘露糖苷，黄嘌呤和二异丙基硅基异丙基醚。这项研究强调了SBL在饮料开发中的营养、风味和增值潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Beneficial cyanobacteria as seed coatings to enhance the storability and viability indices of spinach seeds 有益蓝藻作为种子包衣提高菠菜种子的贮藏性和活力指标

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103844

Ravi Mourthy Nivedha , Radha Prasanna , Mujtahida Khatun , Deepti Varsha , Akanksha Bhardwaj , Sandeep Kumar Lal , Sudipta Basu , Samrat Rej , Awani Kumar Singh , Yashbir Singh Shivay

Cyanobacteria, known for their carbon- and nitrogen-fixing abilities, can be beneficial as biofertilizers and growth stimulating options in agriculture; hence, their use as seed coatings can be a viable strategy for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the storability of spinach seeds coated with three different cyanobacterial formulations by assessing germination-related biometric and physiological attributes at monthly intervals over a twelve-month storage period. Biometric indices were enhanced by 15–40 % in the coated seeds, with a significant increase in germination and vigor indices of 46–83 %. After 12 months of storage, seeds from each treatment were sown in nursery protrays placed under climate-controlled conditions. Their viability, growth, nutrient profile, and enzyme activities related to C-N metabolism were compared with control plants. Significantly greater values (20–22 %) were recorded in terms of germination indices, fresh/dry weight, leaf enzymatic activities, and micronutrient content in plants derived from coated seeds. Overall, all the cyanobacterial treatments enhanced seed storability indices and plant performance, demonstrating their potential as effective seed coating interventions towards improving shelf life and sustaining the quality traits.

蓝藻以其固定碳和氮的能力而闻名，在农业中可以作为生物肥料和刺激生长的选择；因此，将它们用作种子包衣是可持续农业的一种可行策略。因此，本研究旨在评估和比较三种不同蓝藻配方包被的菠菜种子的可储存性，通过评估发芽相关的生物特征和生理属性，每个月间隔12个月的储存期。包被种子的生物特征指数提高了15 ~ 40%，萌发和活力指数显著提高了46 ~ 83%。经过12个月的储存，每个处理的种子在气候控制条件下被播种在苗圃中。并与对照植株进行了活力、生长、营养成分和碳氮代谢相关酶活性的比较。包衣种子获得的植物在发芽指数、鲜/干重、叶片酶活性和微量营养素含量方面均有显著提高（20 - 22%）。总体而言，所有蓝藻处理都提高了种子的储存性指标和植株性能，表明它们有潜力作为有效的种子包衣干预措施，提高种子的保质期和保持品质性状。

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引用次数: 0

Phytomolecule-doped green synthesis of Ag@Fe bimetallic nanocomposites from Abutilon indicum leaf extract: Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium spp. and pathogenic bacteria and their cytotoxicity assessment in zebrafish embryos 紫竹叶提取物Ag@Fe双金属纳米复合材料的植物分子掺杂绿色合成：对斑马鱼胚胎分枝杆菌和致病菌的抑菌活性及其细胞毒性评价

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103846

Mary Shamya Arokiarajan , John Christopher J. , Ranjani S. , Wasim Akram S.A. , Ramkumar K.M. , Tirumala Santoshkumar S. , Noman Anwar , Rajaseker T. , M Radhakrishnan , Muzammil Ahmed V. , Murali Krishna Prasad , Kabiruddin Ahmed K. , Zaheer Ahmed N. , Rampratap Meena

Plants utilize phytomolecules as both reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Ag@Fe bimetallic nanocomposites have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties. However, the presence of harmful surface compounds is challenging to eliminate, reducing their biocompatibility and limiting their potential biological applications. In this study, Ag@Fe nanocomposites were synthesized using a green approach, employing Abutilon indicum leaf extract to coat the nanocomposites with phytomolecules for enhanced antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined and compared with a standard drug and plant extract. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Their toxicity was evaluated using zebrafish embryos and the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Phytomolecule-coated Ag@Fe nanocomposites exhibited strong antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at 0.312 μg/mL and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, showing 84 % inhibition at 200 μg/mL. Additionally, they demonstrated cytotoxic effects on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, with the lowest cell viability recorded at 83.3 ± 0.02 % at 5 μg/mL. Furthermore, phytomolecule-coated Ag@Fe NC's exhibited good biocompatibility, with 90 % cell viability in zebrafish embryos. The green synthesis of nanocomposites using Abutilon indicum leaf extract presents an efficient and cost-effective approach, yielding biocompatible and biologically active nanoparticles with promising therapeutic potential.

植物利用植物分子作为纳米颗粒绿色合成的还原和封盖剂。Ag@Fe双金属纳米复合材料以其独特的性能引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，有害表面化合物的存在很难消除，降低了它们的生物相容性，限制了它们潜在的生物应用。在本研究中，采用绿色方法合成了Ag@Fe纳米复合材料，利用Abutilon indicum叶片提取物在纳米复合材料表面包裹植物分子，增强了对病原菌菌株的抗菌活性。采用琼脂孔扩散法评价其抑菌效果，测定其最低抑菌浓度（MIC），并与标准药物和植物提取物进行比较。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、EDX和TEM对合成的纳米复合材料进行了表征。使用斑马鱼胚胎和MDA-MB-231细胞系对其毒性进行了评估。植物分子包被Ag@Fe纳米复合材料具有较强的抗菌活性，对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的抑制作用为0.312 μg/mL，对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv的抑制作用为200 μg/mL，抑制率为84%。此外，它们对MDA-MB-231细胞系显示出细胞毒性作用，在5 μg/mL时，细胞存活率最低，为83.3±0.02%。此外，植物分子包被的Ag@Fe NC具有良好的生物相容性，在斑马鱼胚胎中具有90%的细胞存活率。利用Abutilon indicum叶片提取物绿色合成纳米复合材料是一种高效、经济的方法，可获得具有生物相容性和生物活性的纳米颗粒，具有良好的治疗潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing β-carotene and biomass production in Blakeslea trispora using Plackett–Burman design screening and predictive modeling 利用Plackett-Burman设计筛选和预测模型提高三孢子黑藻β-胡萝卜素和生物量产量

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103845

Negin Ghazanfari , Ali Motlagh Hosseini , Morteza Taki , Fereshteh Falah , Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani , Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi , Alireza Vasiee

Blakeslea trispora is a filamentous fungus known for producing β-carotene, especially in the all-trans form, a powerful antioxidant and precursor to vitamin A. This study aims to identify and evaluate key factors influencing β-carotene and biomass production using the Plackett–Burman design. Seven variables were tested, including concentrations of dairy sludge, soybean meal, yeast extract, incubation time, temperature, and shaker speed. Among these, soybean meal, dairy sludge, and yeast extract were identified as the most significant contributors to enhanced β-carotene yield and biomass accumulation. These substrates not only offer nutritional value but also present a low-cost and sustainable alternative for culture medium formulation. In the second phase, a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model was applied to predict β-carotene concentration and biomass yield based on the selected input parameters. The model was validated using k-fold cross-validation, which showed minimal standard deviation in prediction errors and demonstrated strong predictive performance. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for biomass and β-carotene prediction was 1.82 % and 4.39 %, respectively. These findings support the combined use of experimental design and machine learning techniques for optimizing fungal fermentation processes in β-carotene production.

Blakeslea trispora是一种丝状真菌，以生产β-胡萝卜素而闻名，特别是全反式，一种强大的抗氧化剂和维生素a的前体。本研究旨在利用Plackett-Burman设计确定和评估影响β-胡萝卜素和生物量生产的关键因素。测试了7个变量，包括乳污泥、豆粕、酵母提取物、孵育时间、温度和摇床速度的浓度。其中，豆粕、乳污泥和酵母提取物被认为是提高β-胡萝卜素产量和生物量积累的最显著贡献者。这些基质不仅具有营养价值，而且还提供了一种低成本和可持续的培养基配方替代方案。在第二阶段，基于选择的输入参数，应用高斯过程回归（GPR）模型预测β-胡萝卜素浓度和生物量产量。采用k-fold交叉验证对模型进行验证，预测误差标准差最小，预测效果较好。生物量和β-胡萝卜素预测的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）分别为1.82%和4.39%。这些发现支持结合实验设计和机器学习技术来优化真菌发酵过程中β-胡萝卜素的生产。

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引用次数: 0

Defining the physiological and molecular threshold of source–sink balance governing yield and sugar metabolism in ‘mazafati’ date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) 确定“马扎法提”枣产量和糖代谢源库平衡的生理和分子阈值

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103848

Majid Alikhani-Koupaei , Azam Khosravinejad

In fruit-bearing trees, the balance between source capacity (leaves producing assimilates) and sink demand (fruits utilizing them) determines productivity. In date palms, the lamina-to-rachis length ratio (LL/RL) influences carbohydrate production and allocation, but its impact on yield and quality remains unclear. This study examined how LL/RL variations affect Mazafati date palm productivity. Trees were categorized into two LL/RL groups (1.5<LL/RL < 1.95 and 1.95≤LL/RL < 2.4), with 80 % of observed ratios falling within these ranges. High-yielding (≥8 bunches) and low-yielding (≤6 bunches) trees were compared over two years. Trees with LL/RL < 1.95 showed source limitations, reducing fruit weight, bunch weight, and total yield. Downregulation of sugar metabolism genes (SPS1, SuSy, INV) lowered sucrose hydrolysis and transport, impairing fruit expansion and sugar accumulation. Fruit quality also declined, with increased reducing sugars and phenolics altering taste and texture, potentially reducing market value. Source-limited trees upregulated trehalose biosynthesis genes (TPS, TPP), indicating a stress response prioritizing osmoprotection over fruit development, worsening yield alternation and fruit drop. Optimizing LL/RL (≥1.95) ensures sufficient source capacity, stable sugar transport, and improved yield and quality. These findings guide orchard management strategies to enhance productivity through optimal leaf architecture and source-sink balance.

在果树中，源能力（产生同化物的叶子）和汇需求（利用同化物的果实）之间的平衡决定了生产力。在枣树中，叶轴长度比（LL/RL）影响着碳水化合物的生产和分配，但对产量和品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究考察了LL/RL变异对马扎法提椰枣产量的影响。将树木的LL/RL分为1.5<LL/RL <； 1.95和1.95≤LL/RL <； 2.4两个组，80%的观测比率落在这个范围内。高产树（≥8株）和低产树（≤6株）进行两年比较。LL/RL <； 1.95处理的果树表现出来源限制，降低了果重、串重和总产量。糖代谢基因（SPS1, SuSy， INV）的下调降低了蔗糖的水解和转运，损害了果实的膨胀和糖的积累。水果质量也下降了，还原糖和酚类物质的增加改变了味道和质地，潜在地降低了市场价值。来源有限的树木上调海藻糖生物合成基因（TPS， TPP），表明胁迫反应优先于渗透保护而不是果实发育，加剧了产量交替和落果。优化LL/RL（≥1.95）可保证糖源容量充足、糖输运稳定，提高产量和品质。这些发现指导果园管理策略通过优化叶片结构和源汇平衡来提高生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Advancements in transgenic varieties and stress-responsive Gene pathways 水稻抗旱性增强：转基因品种和胁迫响应基因途径研究进展

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103807

Kemal Adem Abdela , Zhang Dongping , Getachew Dubache , Endris Ali Mohammad , Dereba Muleta , Semira Aman , Abdela Usmael

Background

Drought and osmotic stress pose severe threats to global rice productivity. To address this challenge, our study investigated the molecular and physiological mechanisms of drought resilience by comparing transgenic rice line L7 engineered to overexpress the stress-tolerance genes OsAP59, OsAP37, and OsDREB1A with non-transgenic Nipponbare (Nip).

Methods

We subjected both genotypes to 15 % PEG6000-induced osmotic stress and analyzed key physiological parameters including germination rates, root and shoot growth, water retention capacity, and post-stress survival. Molecular responses were profiled through RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to quantify expression of target genes (OsAP59, OsAP37, OsDREB1A, OsDREB1E-1, DREB1E-2, OsCATA, OsCATC, OsRAB16). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics were assessed by measuring hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase).

Key results

L7 demonstrated superior drought resilience, achieving 75 % survival after stress recovery compared to 42 % in Nip. It exhibited significantly reduced water loss (44.6 % vs. Nip's 62 %), deeper root systems, and enhanced biomass retention. Molecular profiling revealed L7's distinct strategy: strong upregulation of stress-tolerance genes (OsAP59/OsAP37 2–8-fold increase) coupled with suppression of negative regulators (DREB1E-1 and DREB1E-2 0.35–0.42 fold which is lesthan treshholder 2). Conversely, Nip relied on reactive upregulation of antioxidant genes (OsCATA/OsCATC; 4–7-fold). Critically, L7 maintained elevated H₂O₂ as a beneficial signaling molecule through catalase suppression, enabling activation of stress-adaptation pathways without oxidative damage. Nip's high catalase activity disrupted this ROS signaling.

干旱和渗透胁迫对全球水稻产量构成严重威胁。为了解决这一挑战，本研究通过比较转基因水稻L7与非转基因水稻Nipponbare （Nip）过表达抗旱性基因OsAP59、OsAP37和OsDREB1A，研究了抗旱性的分子和生理机制。方法将两个基因型分别置于15% peg6000诱导的渗透胁迫下，分析发芽率、根冠生长、保水能力和胁迫后存活率等关键生理参数。通过RNA测序和qRT-PCR分析分子反应，量化靶基因（OsAP59、OsAP37、OsDREB1A、OsDREB1E-1、DREB1E-2、OsCATA、OsCATC、OsRAB16）的表达。通过测定过氧化氢（H2O2）水平和抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶）活性来评估活性氧（ROS）动态。主要结果：sl7表现出更强的抗旱能力，胁迫恢复后存活率为75%，而Nip为42%。它显著减少了水分流失（44.6%比Nip的62%），根系加深，生物量保持增强。分子分析揭示了L7的独特策略：强上调耐压基因（OsAP59/OsAP37增加2 - 8倍），同时抑制负调节基因（DREB1E-1和DREB1E-2 0.35-0.42倍，低于阈值2）。相反，Nip依赖于抗氧化基因的反应性上调（OsCATA/OsCATC； 4 - 7倍）。关键的是，L7通过抑制过氧化氢酶，维持H2O2作为一个有益的信号分子的升高，从而激活应激适应途径而不产生氧化损伤。Nip的高过氧化氢酶活性破坏了这种ROS信号。

{"title":"Enhancing drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Advancements in transgenic varieties and stress-responsive Gene pathways","authors":"Kemal Adem Abdela , Zhang Dongping , Getachew Dubache , Endris Ali Mohammad , Dereba Muleta , Semira Aman , Abdela Usmael","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Drought and osmotic stress pose severe threats to global rice productivity. To address this challenge, our study investigated the molecular and physiological mechanisms of drought resilience by comparing transgenic rice line L7 engineered to overexpress the stress-tolerance genes OsAP59, OsAP37, and OsDREB1A with non-transgenic Nipponbare (Nip).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We subjected both genotypes to 15 % PEG6000-induced osmotic stress and analyzed key physiological parameters including germination rates, root and shoot growth, water retention capacity, and post-stress survival. Molecular responses were profiled through RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to quantify expression of target genes (OsAP59, OsAP37, OsDREB1A, OsDREB1E-1, DREB1E-2, OsCATA, OsCATC, OsRAB16). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics were assessed by measuring hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase).</div></div><div><h3>Key results</h3><div>L7 demonstrated superior drought resilience, achieving 75 % survival after stress recovery compared to 42 % in Nip. It exhibited significantly reduced water loss (44.6 % vs. Nip's 62 %), deeper root systems, and enhanced biomass retention. Molecular profiling revealed L7's distinct strategy: strong upregulation of stress-tolerance genes (OsAP59/OsAP37 2–8-fold increase) coupled with suppression of negative regulators (DREB1E-1 and DREB1E-2 0.35–0.42 fold which is lesthan treshholder 2). Conversely, Nip relied on reactive upregulation of antioxidant genes (OsCATA/OsCATC; 4–7-fold). Critically, L7 maintained elevated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as a beneficial signaling molecule through catalase suppression, enabling activation of stress-adaptation pathways without oxidative damage. Nip's high catalase activity disrupted this ROS signaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioactive profiling and functional assessment of Chinese and Japanese garlic varieties for commercial utilization 中国和日本大蒜品种商业利用的生物活性分析和功能评价

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103847

Ajay Kumar Shakya , Ayaka Tsuchiya , Kosei Yamauchi , Tohru Mitsunaga , Chandan Das

This study thoroughly investigated two types of garlic (Allium sativum) varieties, Chinese and Japanese. This work aims to assess these varieties for possible industrial uses. A thorough database has been created to reach this goal, including the physical parameters, phytochemical screening, quantification of bioactive compounds [total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and s-allyl cysteine (SAC)], antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), as well as antimicrobial activity (E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. putida) of garlic. The maximum phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of Japanese and Chinese garlic varieties were best extracted using methanol. Chinese garlic variety displayed higher DPPH (61.58 % inhibition), total flavonoids (0.50 mg QE/g dry weight), FRAP (0.35 mmol/L), and SAC content (0.73 mg/g dry weight) compared to the Japanese garlic variety. In addition, the Chinese garlic variety showed greater antimicrobial activity against the four microbes with inhibition zones of 9.67 mm (E. coli), 10.67 mm (S. aureus), 12.33 mm (B. subtilis), and 11.67 mm (P. putida), compared to the Japanese variety showed antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 8.67 mm (E. coli), 9.67 mm (S. aureus), 11.00 mm (P. putida), and 11.67 mm (B. subtilis) at 35 mg/mL of garlic extract. These findings provide valuable insights for targeted selection and optimization of garlic varieties to manufacture high-value, functional food and nutraceutical products.

本研究对中国和日本两种大蒜品种（Allium sativum）进行了深入研究。这项工作的目的是评估这些品种可能的工业用途。为了实现这一目标，我们建立了一个完整的数据库，包括物理参数、植物化学筛选、生物活性化合物[总酚化合物（TPC）、总黄酮化合物（TFC）和s-丙烯基半胱氨酸（SAC）]的定量、抗氧化活性（DPPH、ABTS和FRAP）以及抗菌活性（大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和恶臭杆菌）。日本和中国大蒜品种的最大酚类和类黄酮浓度以甲醇提取最佳。与日本大蒜品种相比，中国大蒜品种的DPPH（抑制率为61.58%）、总黄酮（抑制率为0.50 mg QE/g干重）、FRAP（抑制率为0.35 mmol/L）和SAC（抑制率为0.73 mg/g干重）含量均高于日本大蒜品种。此外，大蒜提取物浓度为35 mg/mL时，中国大蒜品种对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和腐臭芽孢杆菌的抑菌区分别为9.67 mm、10.67 mm、12.33 mm和11.67 mm，而日本大蒜品种的抑菌区分别为8.67 mm、9.67 mm、11.00 mm和11.67 mm。这些发现为有针对性地选择和优化大蒜品种以生产高价值、功能性食品和营养保健品提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Bioactive profiling and functional assessment of Chinese and Japanese garlic varieties for commercial utilization","authors":"Ajay Kumar Shakya , Ayaka Tsuchiya , Kosei Yamauchi , Tohru Mitsunaga , Chandan Das","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study thoroughly investigated two types of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>) varieties, Chinese and Japanese. This work aims to assess these varieties for possible industrial uses. A thorough database has been created to reach this goal, including the physical parameters, phytochemical screening, quantification of bioactive compounds [total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and s-allyl cysteine (SAC)], antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), as well as antimicrobial activity (<em>E. coli</em>, <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>B. subtilis</em>, and <em>P. putida</em>) of garlic. The maximum phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of Japanese and Chinese garlic varieties were best extracted using methanol. Chinese garlic variety displayed higher DPPH (61.58 % inhibition), total flavonoids (0.50 mg QE/g dry weight), FRAP (0.35 mmol/L), and SAC content (0.73 mg/g dry weight) compared to the Japanese garlic variety. In addition, the Chinese garlic variety showed greater antimicrobial activity against the four microbes with inhibition zones of 9.67 mm (<em>E. coli)</em>, 10.67 mm (<em>S. aureus)</em>, 12.33 mm (<em>B. subtilis)</em>, and 11.67 mm (<em>P. putida)</em>, compared to the Japanese variety showed antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 8.67 mm (<em>E. coli)</em>, 9.67 mm (<em>S. aureus)</em>, 11.00 mm (<em>P. putida)</em>, and 11.67 mm (<em>B. subtilis)</em> at 35 mg/mL of garlic extract. These findings provide valuable insights for targeted selection and optimization of garlic varieties to manufacture high-value, functional food and nutraceutical products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 103847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0