Battery Energy最新文献

Employing functional additives can facilitate the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which has emerged as a promising strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Typical SEI containing inorganic components, such as lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium nitride (LiN_xO_y and Li₃N), have been confirmed to construct an ideal SEI for LMBs. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel molecule named BTFN to act as an SEI-forming additive containing fluorine and nitro groups. The strong electron-withdrawing effect greatly reduces the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, facilitating its preferential decomposition during the SEI-forming process. An SEI with rich LiF, LiN_xO_y, and Li₃N forms after its preferential and complete decomposition, greatly enhancing stabilization and uniformity. The lifespan of symmetric LMBs with BTFN significantly increases more than 12 times under the same conditions; the Li/SPE/LFP full batteries cycle more than four times the contrast batteries with a capacity retention of 99.7%. This work provides some experiences and opinions for exploring complex SEI-forming additives.

Although lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are promising next-generation secondary batteries, their mass commercialization has not yet been achieved primarily owing to critical issues such as the “shuttle effect” of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and uncontrollable Li dendrite growth. Thus, most reviews on LSBs are focused on strategies for inhibiting shuttle behavior and achieving dendrite-free LSBs to improve the cycle life and Coulombic efficiency of LSBs. However, LSBs have various promising advantages, including an ultrahigh energy density (2600 Wh kg⁻¹), cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, low weight, and flexible attributes, which suggest the feasibility of their current and near-future practical applications in fields that require these characteristics, irrespective of their moderate lifespan. Here, for the first time, challenges impeding the current and near-future applications of LSBs are comprehensively addressed. In particular, the latest progress and novel materials based on their electrochemical characteristics are summarized, with a focus on the gravimetric/volumetric energy density (capacity), loading mass and sulfur content in cathodes, electrolyte-to-sulfur ratios, rate capability, and maximization of these advantageous characteristics for applications in specific areas. Additionally, potential areas for practical applications of LSBs are suggested, with insights for improving LSB performances from a different standpoint and facilitating their integration into various application domains.

Micro-supercapacitors (mSCs) have emerged as next-generation energy storage components suitable for portable, flexible, and eco-friendly electronic device system. In particular, electric double-layer (EDL) mSCs utilizing flexible graphene electrodes have gained significant attention due to their quick and efficient charge/discharge capabilities. Despite significant progress in fabricating mSCs, particularly through the development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) for creating 3D porous electrodes, challenges remain in increasing both energy and power densities. One promising strategy to address these challenges is the incorporation of pseudo-capacitive materials into the 3D graphene structure. However, conventional methods for embedding pseudo-capacitive materials often involve complex and additional labor-intensive steps to the manufacturing process. In this work, we introduce a high-speed mSC fabrication method (< 5 min) that employs a continuous laser-scribing process to directly integrate Mn₂O₃, a pseudo-capacitive material, onto LIG electrodes, forming hierarchical Mn₂O₃/LIG structure. By precisely controlling the fabrication parameter, this approach can significantly improve the electrochemical performance by optimizing the density and thickness of Mn₂O₃, leading to 550.5% increase in capacitance and energy density compared to the LIG electrode. Additionally, the mSCs exhibit outstanding cyclic (> 88% @ 20,000 cycles) and mechanical stability (@ bending radius of 5 mm), confirming their potential for seamless integration into electronic circuits. This innovation not only simplifies the production process of high-performance mSCs but also broadens their potential applications in sustainable and compact electronic device system.

Silicon (Si)-based materials have emerged as promising alternatives to graphite anodes in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity. However, their practical deployment remains constrained by challenges such as significant volume changes during lithiation, poor electrical conductivity, and the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This review critically examines recent advancements in Si-based nanostructures to enhance stability and electrochemical performance. Distinct from prior studies, it highlights the application of Si anodes in commercial domains, including electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and renewable energy storage systems, where prolonged cycle life and improved power density are crucial. Special emphasis is placed on emerging fabrication techniques, particularly scalable and cost-effective methods such as electrospinning and sol–gel processes, which show promise for industrial adoption. By addressing both the technical innovations and economic considerations surrounding Si anodes, this review provides a comprehensive roadmap for overcoming existing barriers, paving the way for next-generation, high-performance batteries.

Due to the strong affinity between the solvent and Li⁺, the desolvation process of Li⁺ at the interface as a rate-controlling step slows down, which greatly reduces the low-temperature electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and thus limits its wide application in energy storage. Herein, to improve the low-temperature tolerance, a localized high-concentration electrolyte based on weak solvation (Wb-LHCE) has been designed by adding a diluent hexafluorobenzene (FB) in a weak solvating solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). Combining theoretical calculations with characterization tests, it is found that with the addition of diluent FB, the dipole–dipole interaction between the diluent and the solvent causes FB to compete with Li⁺ for THF. This competition causes the solvent to move away from Li⁺, weakening the binding energy between Li⁺ and THF, whereas the anions are transported into the solvation shell of Li⁺, forming an anion-rich solvation structure. In addition to accelerating the Li⁺ desolvation process, this unique solvation structure optimizes the composition of the CEI film, making it thin, dense, homogeneous, and rich in inorganic components, and thus improving the interfacial stability of the battery. As a result, the assembled LiFePO₄/Li half-cell shows excellent electrochemical performances at low temperature. That is, it can maintain a high discharge specific capacity of 124.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at a rate of 0.2C at −20°C. This provides an attractive avenue for the design of advanced low-temperature electrolytes and improvement of battery tolerance to harsh conditions.

Potassium-ion batteries as a suitable alternative to lithium-ion batteries have drawn attention due to available sources of potassium, low reduction potential, better diffusion through electrolyte/electrode interface, and good ionic conductivity. Here, a photopolymerized porous gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(poly[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles shows superior thermal and electrochemical properties. After swelling in a KPF₆ and EC/PC solution, the best GPE demonstrates high ionic conductivity of 2.9 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹, potassium transference number of 0.88, and high electrochemical stability of > 6 V. This excellent electrochemical property could be related to high solvent uptake, high surface area, K⁺ pathway channels, low T_g, and the electron donor groups of the porous poly(poly[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate). Also, this GPE shows an initial capacity of 155 mAh g⁻¹, an initial Coulombic efficiency of ~100%, and capacity retention of 99.9% after 100 cycles in a high current density of 5 C with high-voltage FeFe(CN)₆ as the cathode and graphite as the anode. FE-SEM images show the ability to suppress dendrites after 100 cycles of charge–discharge at 5 C. Additionally, this GPE demonstrates 143 mAh g⁻¹ capacity at a very high C-rate of 10, showing its ability for use in high-performing rechargeable potassium batteries.

The study of the Casson electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is important because of their complexities due to tougher operational conditions and other challenges during charging–discharging challenges with their improved thermal management capacity and enhanced safety. This further optimizes the thermal management avoiding chances of hot spots or thermal runaway, thereby making LIBs safer. In this investigation, convective loads for non-Newtonian fluid as electrolyte Casson-type boundary layer flow related to plate and flat surfaces in non-Darcy permeable porous electrodes have been deliberated. We have employed the Optimal Homopotic Asymptotic Method technique to solve the equation of the system. The effects and influences of Casson factors, permeability, flow constraints, Prandtl values related to flow and thermal dissipation, and boundary layer profiles have been studied. From the results, it is concluded that thermal parameters and porousness have affected the system, and the upsurge in the porousness actually decreases heat transport effects and proportions. The results of this study are relevant to the development of more effective porous electrodes for achieving high performance with long cycle life. These studies help improve the utilization of mass and heat transfer properties, as affected by the non-Newtonian behavior of the electrolyte, to help in the design of next-generation LIBs with higher energy density along with fast charge/discharge rates.

This study introduces a novel method for the effective doping of hexagonal molybdenum trioxide (h-MoO₃) microstructures with different contents of nickel, significantly enhancing its electrochemical performance in aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs). Ni doping does not alter the high crystallinity and phase purity of the pristine oxide but modifies its defective structure and electronic properties. Electrochemical tests, including cyclic voltammograms and charge–discharge cycling, showed improvements in capacity and stability for Ni-doped samples as compared with undoped ones. Moreover, the incorporation of Ni was found to enhance the structural integrity and electrochemical stability of h-MoO₃, preventing the formation of intermediate phases during cycling and reducing resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The existence of an optimal Ni doping of about 1 at% is evidenced. Samples with this Ni content attain a stabilized specific capacity of 230 mAh g⁻¹ over 100 cycles, doubling that reported in previous works for h-MoO₃ composites with carbon nanotubes. Nickel-doped h-MoO₃ shows exciting potential for advanced AIB applications, paving the way for further energy storage technology advancements.

A large number of spent sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) will be produced as SIBs become more widely used. However, components of spent SIBs, such as the cathode Prussian white Na₂Mn[Fe(CN)₆], are toxic and hazardous, leading to water and soil pollution and posing a threat to human health. Therefore, recycling spent SIBs cathode is important and meaningful. Here, we use phytic acid-based low-melting mixture solvents (LoMMSs) for the efficient recovery of toxic and hazardous SIBs cathode Prussian white at mild temperatures. Results show that the highest Na leaching efficiency from Prussian white could reach 94.7% by polyethylene glycol 200:phytic acid (14:1) at 80°C for 24 h with a liquid/solid ratio of 50:1. Furthermore, the metal extracted from the leachate is found to precipitate when water is used as the anti-solvent, with ammonium hydroxide achieving the highest precipitation efficiency of 89.3% at room temperature.

Transition metal molybdates (AMoO₄ where A = Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, and Zn) have attracted much attention as promising electrode materials for energy storage devices due to their multi-electron redox capability, higher electrical conductivity, good chemical and thermal stability, and stable crystal structure to get superior electrochemical performance. Transition metal molybdates and their graphene-based composites possess multidimensional morphology for supercapacitors. The morphology-dependent supercapacitor behavior has been reviewed in the present article. The formation mechanism of AMoO₄ nanostructures in the form of 1D, 2D, and 3D has been identified and respective supercapacitor behavior is outlined. The density functional theory based on the calculated electronic properties of AMoO₄ has been discussed. Additionally, the application of machine learning techniques in predicting and analyzing the relationships of AMoO₄ has been discussed for the first time. By leveraging ML algorithms, we identify key parameters influencing their energy storage capabilities, providing insights into the rational design of molybdate-based composites. Integrating experimental results with ML-driven optimization offers a novel pathway for accelerating the development of next-generation energy storage devices. In conclusion, future perspectives and challenges have been discussed.