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Effect of simultaneous application of adenosine A1 receptor agonist and A2A receptor antagonist on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment 同时应用腺苷 A1 受体激动剂和 A2A 受体拮抗剂对脂多糖诱导的记忆损伤中记忆、炎症因子和 PSD-95 的影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115210

The potential role of adenosine, a natural neuroprotective agent, and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been proposed. The present study aims to examine the effect of administering both an A1 receptor agonist and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist simultaneously on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in an LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease model in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, LPS, Saline + Vehicle, LPS + Vehicle, LPS + SCH58261 (A2A receptor antagonist), LPS + CPA (A1 receptor agonist), LPS + SCH58261+CPA. LPS (3 mg/kg/ip) was used to cause memory impairment. Treatment was performed by intraventricular injection of CPA at a dose of 700 μg and SCH-58261 at 40 μg for ten days. Passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine animals’ memories. IL-10, TNF-α, and PSD-95 levels were measured in the brain using ELISA and western blot, respectively. Compared to the groups receiving each medication separately, the simultaneous administration of CPA and SCH58261 improved memory (P<0.05). Additionally, compared to the single medication groups, there was a significant increase in IL-10, PSD-95, and a significant decrease in TNF-α in the brain tissue (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the activation of A1 receptors along with A2A receptor inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that A1 receptor activation combined with A2A receptor inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.

有人提出了腺苷这种天然神经保护剂及其受体在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的潜在作用。本研究旨在探讨在 LPS 诱导的阿尔茨海默病模型中,同时给予 A1 受体激动剂和 A2A 腺苷受体拮抗剂对大鼠记忆、炎症因子和 PSD-95 的影响。56 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠被随机分为 7 组:生理盐水组、LPS 组、生理盐水+载体组、LPS+载体组、LPS+SCH58261(A2A 受体拮抗剂)组、LPS+CPA(A1 受体激动剂)组、LPS+SCH58261+CPA 组。LPS(3mg/kg/ip)用于导致记忆损伤。通过静脉注射700微克的CPA和40微克的SCH-58261进行治疗,连续10天。通过被动回避和Y-迷宫测试来检验动物的记忆力。分别用ELISA和Western印迹法测定大脑中IL-10、TNF-α和PSD-95的水平。与分别服用两种药物的组相比,同时服用CPA和SCH58261可改善动物的记忆(P
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引用次数: 0
No effects of cerebellar transcranial random noise stimulation on cerebellar brain inhibition, visuomotor learning, and pupil diameter 小脑经颅随机噪声刺激对小脑大脑抑制、视觉运动学习和瞳孔直径没有影响。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115209

Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) is an inhibitory output from the cerebellum to the primary motor cortex, which is decreased in early motor learning. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation to induce brain plastic changes; however, the effects of cerebellar tRNS on CBI and motor learning have not been investigated yet to our knowledge. In this study, whether cerebellar tRNS decreases CBI and improves motor learning was examined, and pupil diameter was measured to examine physiological changes due to the effect of tRNS on motor learning. Thirty-four healthy subjects were assigned to either the cerebellar tRNS group or the Sham group. The subjects performed visuomotor tracking task with ten trials each in the early and late learning stages while receiving the stimulus intervention. CBI and motor evoked potentials were measured before the learning task, after the early learning stage, and after the late learning stage, and pupil diameter was measured during the task. There was no change in CBI in both groups. No group differences in motor learning rates were observed at any learning stages. Pupil diameter was smaller in the late learning stage than in the early learning stage in both groups. The cerebellar tRNS was suggested not to induce changes in CBI and improvement in motor learning, and it did not affect pupil diameter.

小脑脑抑制(CBI)是小脑对初级运动皮层的抑制性输出,在早期运动学习中会减少。经颅随机噪声刺激(tRNS)是一种诱导脑可塑性变化的无创脑刺激;然而,据我们所知,小脑tRNS对CBI和运动学习的影响尚未得到研究。本研究探讨了小脑tRNS是否会降低CBI和改善运动学习,并测量了瞳孔直径,以研究tRNS对运动学习的影响所引起的生理变化。34 名健康受试者被分配到小脑 tRNS 组或 Sham 组。受试者在接受刺激干预的早期和晚期学习阶段各进行十次视觉运动追踪任务。在学习任务之前、早期学习阶段之后和晚期学习阶段之后分别测量了CBI和运动诱发电位,并在任务过程中测量了瞳孔直径。两组的 CBI 均无变化。在任何学习阶段都没有观察到运动学习率的组间差异。两组学生在学习后期的瞳孔直径均小于学习初期。这表明小脑 tRNS 不会引起 CBI 的变化和运动学习的改善,也不会影响瞳孔直径。
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引用次数: 0
Late-term moderate prenatal alcohol exposure impairs tactile, but not spatial, discrimination in a T-maze continuous performance task in juvenile rats 晚期中度产前酒精暴露会损害幼鼠在T迷宫持续表现任务中的触觉辨别能力,但不会损害空间辨别能力。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115208

Existing maze apparatuses used in rodents often exclusively assess spatial discriminability as a means to evaluate learning impairments. Spatial learning in such paradigms is reportedly spared by moderate prenatal alcohol exposure in rats, suggesting that spatial reinforcement alone is insufficient to delineate executive dysfunction, which consistently manifests in humans prenatally-exposed to alcohol. To address this, we designed a single-session continuous performance task in the T-maze apparatus that requires rats to discriminate within and between simultaneously-presented spatial (left or right) and tactile (sandpaper or smooth) stimuli for food reinforcement across four sequential discrimination stages: simple discrimination, intradimensional reversal 1, extradimensional shift, and intradimensional reversal 2. This design incorporates elements of working memory, attention, and goal-seeking behavior which collectively contribute to the executive function construct. Here, we found that rats prenatally-exposed to alcohol performed worse in both the tactile intradimensional reversal and extradimensional shift; alternatively, rats prenatally-exposed to alcohol acquired the extradimensional shift faster when shifting from the tactile to spatial dimension. In line with previous work, moderate prenatal alcohol exposure spared specifically spatial discrimination in this paradigm. However, when tactile stimuli were mapped into the spatial dimension, rats prenatally-exposed to alcohol required more trials to discriminate between the dimensions. We demonstrate that tactile stimuli can be operantly employed in a continuous performance T-maze task to detect discriminatory learning impairments in rats exposed to moderate prenatal alcohol. The current paradigm may be useful for assessing features of executive dysfunction in rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

用于啮齿类动物的现有迷宫装置通常只评估空间辨别能力,以此作为评估学习障碍的一种手段。据报道,大鼠产前中度暴露于酒精不会影响这类范例中的空间学习,这表明仅凭空间强化不足以确定执行功能障碍,而这种障碍在产前暴露于酒精的人类中一直都有表现。为了解决这个问题,我们在T迷宫装置中设计了一项单次持续表现任务,要求大鼠在四个连续的辨别阶段(简单辨别、维内反转1、维外转移和维内反转2)对同时出现的空间(左或右)和触觉(砂纸或光滑)刺激进行食物强化内部和之间的辨别。这种设计包含了工作记忆、注意力和目标寻求行为等元素,这些元素共同构成了执行功能结构。在这里,我们发现产前暴露于酒精的大鼠在触觉维度内反转和维度外转移中的表现都较差;相反,当从触觉维度转移到空间维度时,产前暴露于酒精的大鼠获得维度外转移的速度更快。与之前的研究结果一致,在这一范式中,产前适度接触酒精的大鼠尤其不会产生空间辨别能力。然而,当触觉刺激被映射到空间维度时,产前暴露于酒精的大鼠需要更多的试验才能分辨出不同的维度。我们的研究表明,触觉刺激可以在连续表现T迷宫任务中进行操作,以检测产前暴露于中度酒精的大鼠的辨别学习障碍。目前的范式可能有助于评估胎儿酒精谱系障碍啮齿动物模型中执行功能障碍的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Sex-specific effects of chronic stress prior to cocaine exposure on cue- vs drug-induced relapse after prolonged abstinence 暴露于可卡因前的慢性压力对长期禁欲后线索与药物诱发复吸的性别特异性影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115197

The comorbidity between cocaine use disorder (CUD) and trauma/stressor-related disorders suggests a connection between neurophysiological changes induced by stress and those that lead to cocaine use. Due to the unexpected and sometimes uncontrollable nature and timing of stressful life events, their capacity to induce drug use poses a significant challenge for the administration of cocaine relapse therapy. This study aims to investigate the impact of chronic stress applied prior to cocaine acquisition on the development of cocaine-seeking behavior after different periods of drug abstinence in male and female rats. Rats were exposed to five days of inescapable footshocks (chronic stress) before undergoing extended access cocaine self-administration. Different groups then underwent forced abstinence periods of 1, 15, or 30 days before cue- and cocaine-induced seeking tests. Results showed that, after 30 days of abstinence, stressed females exhibited higher cue-induced, but not cocaine-induced seeking, compared to female controls and to males. In contrast, at 30 days, stressed males showed higher cocaine-, but not cue-induced seeking, versus controls. Such sex-dependent alterations in motivation and drug effects following prolonged abstinence highlight the importance of considering sex-specific differences in stress-related addiction research. Ongoing work should evaluate other stressors and self-administration models to elucidate neurophysiological and hormonal mechanisms underlying the incubation of cocaine craving. Identifying shared pathways between chronic stress and addiction could offer novel strategies for treating trauma/stress-related substance use disorders in a sex-specific manner.

可卡因使用障碍(CUD)与创伤/应激相关疾病之间的共存性表明,应激诱发的神经生理变化与导致可卡因使用的神经生理变化之间存在联系。由于应激性生活事件具有出乎意料、有时甚至无法控制的性质和时间,它们诱发吸毒的能力给可卡因复吸疗法的实施带来了巨大挑战。本研究旨在探讨在雌雄大鼠获得可卡因之前施加的慢性应激对其在不同戒毒期后产生寻求可卡因行为的影响。在对大鼠进行扩展可卡因自我给药之前,先对其进行为期五天的无法逃避的脚震(慢性应激)。然后,在进行线索和可卡因诱导的寻药测试之前,不同组别分别进行了1天、15天或30天的强制戒断。结果表明,与女性对照组和男性对照组相比,禁欲30天后,受压雌性表现出更高的线索诱导寻求,而不是可卡因诱导寻求。相反,与对照组相比,应激男性在30天后表现出更高的可卡因诱导寻求,而不是线索诱导寻求。长期戒断后,动机和药物效应的这种性别依赖性改变突出了在与压力相关的成瘾研究中考虑性别差异的重要性。正在进行的工作应评估其他压力源和自我给药模型,以阐明可卡因渴求潜伏的神经生理和激素机制。确定慢性压力和成瘾之间的共同途径,可以为以性别特异性方式治疗创伤/压力相关药物使用障碍提供新的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced plasma interleukin-6 concentration after transcranial direct current stimulation to the prefrontal cortex 经颅直流电刺激前额叶皮层后血浆白细胞介素-6浓度降低
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115201

Objectives

Transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) targeted to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduces food intake and hunger, but its effects on circulating factors are unclear. We assessed the effect of repeated administration of tDCS to the left DLPFC (L-DLPFC) on concentrations of pro/anti-inflammatory and appetitive hormone concentrations.

Materials and methods

Twenty-nine healthy adults with obesity (12 M; 42±11 y; BMI=39±8 kg/m2) received 3 consecutive inpatient sessions of either anodal or sham tDCS targeted to the L-DLPFC during a period of ad libitum food intake. Fasting plasma concentrations of IL-6, orexin, cortisol, TNF-α, IL-1β, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 were measured before the initial and after the final tDCS sessions.

Results

IL-6 (β=-0.92 pg/ml p=0.03) decreased in the anodal group compared with sham, even after adjusting for kcal intake; there were no changes in other hormones. Mean kcal intake was associated with higher IL-1β and ghrelin concentrations after the ad libitum period (β=0.00018 pg/ml/kcal, p=0.03; β=0.00011 pg/ml/kcal, p=0.02; respectively), but not differ by intervention groups.

Conclusions

IL-6 concentrations were reduced following anodal tDCS to the L-DLPFC independent of ad libitum intake. IL-6 concentrations reflect the inflammatory state of adiposity and may affect eating behavior and weight gain. These findings provide evidence of therapeutic benefit of tDCS.

目的针对背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)的经颅直接刺激(tDCS)可减少食物摄入量和饥饿感,但其对循环因素的影响尚不清楚。我们评估了对左侧DLPFC(L-DLPFC)重复施用tDCS对促炎/抗炎激素和食欲激素浓度的影响。材料与方法29名健康的肥胖成人(12名男性;42±11岁;BMI=39±8 kg/m2)在自由摄入食物期间接受了连续3次针对L-DLPFC的阳极或假tDCS住院治疗。结果 IL-6 (β=-0.92 pg/ml p=0.03)在阳极组比假体组降低,即使在调整了千卡摄入量后也是如此;其他激素没有变化。平均千卡摄入量与ad libitum期后较高的IL-1β和ghrelin浓度有关(β=0.00018 pg/ml/kcal,p=0.03;β=0.00011 pg/ml/kcal,p=0.02;分别为0.00011 pg/ml/kcal,p=0.02;),但干预组之间没有差异。IL-6浓度反映了脂肪的炎症状态,并可能影响进食行为和体重增加。这些发现为 tDCS 的治疗效果提供了证据。
{"title":"Reduced plasma interleukin-6 concentration after transcranial direct current stimulation to the prefrontal cortex","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) targeted to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduces food intake and hunger, but its effects on circulating factors are unclear. We assessed the effect of repeated administration of tDCS to the left DLPFC (L-DLPFC) on concentrations of pro/anti-inflammatory and appetitive hormone concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Twenty-nine healthy adults with obesity (12 M; 42±11 y; BMI=39±8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) received 3 consecutive inpatient sessions of either anodal or sham tDCS targeted to the L-DLPFC during a period of ad libitum food intake. Fasting plasma concentrations of IL-6, orexin, cortisol, TNF-α, IL-1β, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 were measured before the initial and after the final tDCS sessions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IL-6 (β=-0.92 pg/ml p=0.03) decreased in the anodal group compared with sham, even after adjusting for kcal intake; there were no changes in other hormones. Mean kcal intake was associated with higher IL-1β and ghrelin concentrations after the ad libitum period (β=0.00018 pg/ml/kcal, p=0.03; β=0.00011 pg/ml/kcal, p=0.02; respectively), but not differ by intervention groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>IL-6 concentrations were reduced following anodal tDCS to the L-DLPFC independent of ad libitum intake. IL-6 concentrations reflect the inflammatory state of adiposity and may affect eating behavior and weight gain. These findings provide evidence of therapeutic benefit of tDCS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The dual role of microglia in intracerebral hemorrhage 小胶质细胞在脑出血中的双重作用
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115198

Intracerebral hemorrhage has the characteristics of high morbidity, disability and mortality, which has caused a heavy burden to families and society. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, and their activation plays a dual role in tissue damage after intracerebral hemorrhage. The damage in cerebral hemorrhage is embodied in the following aspects: releasing inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators, triggering programmed cell death, producing glutamate induced excitotoxicity, and destroying blood-brain barrier; The protective effect is reflected in the phagocytosis and clearance of harmful substances by microglia, and the secretion of anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. This article summarizes the function of microglia and its dual regulatory mechanism in intracerebral hemorrhage. In the future, drugs, acupuncture and other clinical treatments can be used to intervene in the activation state of microglia, so as to reduce the harm of microglia.

脑出血具有高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率的特点,给家庭和社会造成了沉重的负担。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的常驻免疫细胞,其活化在脑出血后的组织损伤中起着双重作用。脑出血的损伤主要体现在以下几个方面:释放炎症因子和炎症介质,引发程序性细胞死亡,产生谷氨酸诱导的兴奋毒性,破坏血脑屏障;保护作用体现在小胶质细胞吞噬和清除有害物质,分泌抗炎因子和神经营养因子。本文总结了小胶质细胞在脑出血中的功能及其双重调控机制。未来,临床上可通过药物、针灸等治疗手段干预小胶质细胞的活化状态,从而降低小胶质细胞的危害。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of oral microflora in Parkinson's disease 帕金森病的口腔微生物菌群机制。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115200

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with complex pathogenesis and no effective treatment. Recent studies have shown that dysbiosis of the oral microflora is closely related to the development of PD. The abnormally distributed oral microflora of PD patients cause degenerative damage and necrosis of dopamine neurons by releasing their own components and metabolites, intervening in the oral-gut-brain axis, crossing the biofilm, inducing iron dysregulation, activating inter-microflora interactions, and through the mediation of saliva,ultimately influencing the development of the disease. This article reviews the structure of oral microflora in patients with PD, the mechanism of development of PD caused by oral microflora, and the potential value of targeting oral microflora in developing a new strategy for PD prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,发病机制复杂,目前尚无有效的治疗方法。最新研究表明,口腔微生物菌群失调与帕金森病的发病密切相关。帕金森病患者口腔微生物菌群分布异常,通过释放自身成分和代谢产物、干预口腔-肠-脑轴、穿越生物膜、诱导铁失调、激活微生物菌群之间的相互作用,并通过唾液的介导作用,导致多巴胺神经元的变性损伤和坏死,最终影响疾病的发展。本文综述了帕金森病患者口腔微生物菌群的结构、口腔微生物菌群导致帕金森病的发病机制,以及针对口腔微生物菌群制定帕金森病预防、诊断和治疗新策略的潜在价值。
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引用次数: 0
12-week melatonin supplementation improved dynamic postural stability and walking performance in persons living with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial 为期12周的褪黑素补充治疗可改善多发性硬化症患者的动态姿势稳定性和行走表现:随机对照试验
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115191

Background

Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) suffer from sleep disturbances, fatigue and pain, which can be due, at least in part, to decreased levels of endogenous melatonin. These alterations could exacerbate postural instability, gait disorders and fall risk. Acute effects of exogenous melatonin on physical disorders have been studied in PwMS but its long-term effects on these parameters have not been explored yet in this population. This study aimed to determine the impact of chronic melatonin intake on dynamic postural stability, walking performance and fall risk in PwMS.

Methods

This randomized placebo-controlled study included 27 PwMS who were assigned to either melatonin group (MG, n=15) or placebo group (PG, n=12) (3 mg/night for 12 weeks). Dynamic postural balance (force platform), walking performance (locometer) and fall risk (Four Square Step Test) were evaluated pre (T0)- and post (T1)-intervention. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), fatigue perception (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), neuropathic pain (Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire 4 (DN4)) and quality of life (International Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Quality of Life Questionnaire) were also assessed at T0 and T1.

Results

The center of pressure mean velocity decreased in MG compared with PG in the frontal plane (22.98 %, p=0.028). Stride length and walking speed increased in MG comparatively with PG (18.09 %, p=0.036; 9.65 %, p=0.025, respectively). The PSQI (55.89 %, p<0.001), FSS (32.38 %, p=0.003) and DN4 (32.41 %, p=0.035) scores decreased in MG compared with PG.

Conclusion

12-week melatonin supplementation can be recommended for managing MS-related gait disorders and dynamic postural imbalance. This therapy may also be prescribed for PwMS due to its anti-fatigue and analgesic effects as well as its benefits on sleep quality.

Clinical registration

This study was prospectively recorded in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry database (PACTR202007465309582) (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/.)

背景:多发性硬化症患者(PwMS)患有睡眠障碍、疲劳和疼痛,其原因至少有一部分是内源性褪黑激素水平下降。这些障碍会加剧姿势不稳、步态障碍和跌倒风险。外源性褪黑激素对多发性硬化症相关生理紊乱的急性影响已有研究,但其对这些参数的长期影响尚未在 PwMS 中进行探讨。本研究旨在确定长期摄入褪黑素对 PwMS 的动态姿势稳定性、行走表现和跌倒风险的影响:这项随机安慰剂对照研究包括 27 名 PwMS,他们被分配到褪黑素组(MG,n=15)或安慰剂组(PG,n=12)(3 毫克/晚,12 周)。对干预前(T0)和干预后(T1)的动态姿势平衡(测力平台)、行走能力(定位仪)和跌倒风险(四方步测试)进行评估。在 T0 和 T1 阶段,还对睡眠质量(匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI))、疲劳感(疲劳严重程度量表 (FSS))、神经性疼痛(神经性疼痛问卷 4 (DN4))和生活质量(国际多发性硬化症 (MS) 生活质量问卷)进行了评估:结果:与多发性硬化症患者相比,多发性硬化症患者在额面的压力中心平均速度有所下降(22.98%,P=0.028)。与 PG 相比,MG 的步长和步行速度增加了(分别为 18.09%,p=0.036;9.65%,p=0.025)。PSQI(55.89%,P=0.025):建议长期服用褪黑素来控制与多发性硬化症相关的步态障碍和动态姿势失衡。褪黑素还具有抗疲劳和镇痛作用,并能改善 PwMS 的睡眠质量:本研究在泛非临床试验注册数据库(PACTR202007465309582)中进行了前瞻性记录(https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/.)
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引用次数: 0
Secondary analysis of neurotransmitter metabolism and cognitive function in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve adult patients with major depressive disorder 对首次确诊、未使用过药物的成年重度抑郁症患者的神经递质代谢和认知功能进行二次分析。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115193

Background & aims

Growing evidence suggests that neurotransmitters may be associated with cognitive decline in MDD. This study primarily investigated the differences in cognitive functions between MDD patients and healthy controls, and explored the potential association between neurotransmitters and cognitive function of MDD patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled 87 first-diagnosed and drug-naïve patients with MDD and 50 healthy controls. Neurotransmitters (glutamine, glutamic acid, γ-2Aminobutiric acid, kainate, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (MHPG), noradrenaline (NE), homovanillic acid, dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), tryptophane, kynurenine, 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) were measured using LC-MS/MS and cognitive functions were assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Then associative analyses with adjustment (female, age, BMI, education) by multiple linear regression between neurotransmitters and cognitive functions especially in MDD patients were performed.

Results

MDD patients had lower RBANS scores in immediate memory, delayed memory and RBANS scores after adjustment. Neurotransmitters were associated with the cognitive levels of MDD patients after adjustment: DOPAC and DOPAC/DA had positive association with immediate memory score; DOPAC, DOPAC/DA and (VMA+MHPG)/NE were positively associated with attention score; NE was negatively associated with language score; DOPAC/DA was positively associated with both delayed memory and RBANS scores.

Conclusion

Patients had greater cognitive impairment especially in memory. Furthermore, plasma neurotransmitter may be related to MDD and play an important role in cognitive impairment in MDD, especially in memory and attention.

背景与目的:越来越多的证据表明,神经递质可能与 MDD 患者的认知功能下降有关。本研究主要调查 MDD 患者与健康对照组认知功能的差异,并探讨神经递质与 MDD 患者认知功能之间的潜在关联:这项横断面研究共纳入了 87 名首次诊断且未接受过药物治疗的 MDD 患者和 50 名健康对照者。神经递质(谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、γ-2Aminobutiric acid、凯恩酸、香草醛甲酸(VMA)、3-甲氧基 4-羟基苯基乙二醇(MHPG)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、高香草酸、二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)多巴胺(DA)、色氨酸、犬尿氨酸、5-羟色胺、5-羟基吲哚乙酸)的测定采用 LC-MS/MS,认知功能的评估采用神经心理状态评估可重复性电池(RBANS)。然后,通过多元线性回归对神经递质和认知功能(尤其是 MDD 患者的认知功能)进行调整(女性、年龄、体重指数、教育程度)后的关联分析:结果:MDD 患者的即时记忆、延迟记忆和 RBANS 分数在调整后都较低。经调整后,神经递质与 MDD 患者的认知水平相关:DOPAC和DOPAC/DA与即时记忆得分呈正相关;DOPAC、DOPAC/DA和(VMA+MHPG)/NE与注意力得分呈正相关;NE与语言得分呈负相关;DOPAC/DA与延迟记忆和RBANS得分均呈正相关:结论:患者的认知功能受损较严重,尤其是在记忆方面。此外,血浆神经递质可能与 MDD 有关,并在 MDD 的认知障碍(尤其是记忆和注意力)中发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Induced worry increases risk aversion in patients with generalized anxiety 诱导性担忧会增加广泛性焦虑症患者的风险厌恶感。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115192

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by disruptions in decision-making, including an enhanced aversion to uncertain outcomes (i.e., risk aversion), which is not specific to negative outcomes (i.e., no loss aversion). It is unknown if this uncertainty bias is a trait-like causal factor contributing to anxiety symptoms, or a state-like feature triggered by anxiety symptoms such as worry chains. Here, in-patients with Major Depression Disorder (MDD), with (N = 16) or without (N = 24) Generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms, and healthy controls (N = 23), completed an economic decision-making task before and after worry induction. They were asked to choose between a certain monetary payoff, and an uncertain gamble, allowing for estimation of risk and loss aversion through a computational prospect-theoretic model. There were no significant differences in risk and loss aversion between any of the three groups at baseline. After worry induction, patients with GA symptoms, compared to those without, showed increased risk aversion. This increase was modulated by the severity of anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that decision-making disruptions in anxiety disorder may be driven by anxiety symptoms such as worry, rather than causing them. This could shape etiological models, motivate standardization of emotional state in research on decision-making in anxiety disorders, support treatment strategies primarily aimed at worry management, and could guide novel interventions focusing on uncertainty exposure across aversive and appetitive domains.

广泛性焦虑症的特点是决策紊乱,包括对不确定结果的厌恶感增强(即风险厌恶感),而这种厌恶感并非专门针对负面结果(即无损失厌恶感)。这种不确定性偏差是导致焦虑症状的特质类因果因素,还是由焦虑症状(如担忧链)引发的状态类特征,目前尚不得而知。在此,有(16 人)或无(24 人)广泛性焦虑(GA)症状的重度抑郁症(MDD)住院病人和健康对照组(23 人)在担忧诱导前后完成了一项经济决策任务。他们被要求在一定的金钱报酬和不确定的赌博之间做出选择,并通过计算前景理论模型对风险和损失厌恶进行估计。在基线时,三组患者的风险和损失厌恶程度均无明显差异。忧虑诱导后,有 GA 症状的患者与无 GA 症状的患者相比,风险厌恶程度有所提高。这种增加受焦虑症状严重程度的调节。这些研究结果表明,焦虑症患者的决策紊乱可能是由焦虑症状(如担忧)驱动的,而不是由焦虑症状引起的。这可能会影响病因学模型,促使焦虑症决策研究中的情绪状态标准化,支持主要针对担忧管理的治疗策略,并可指导新的干预措施,重点是在厌恶和食欲领域暴露不确定性。
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Behavioural Brain Research
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