Behavioural Brain Research最新文献_第5页

Exploring neural efficiency in spatial cognition: A comparative study of 3D visual stimuli in virtual reality across STEM and non-STEM fields 探索空间认知的神经效率：虚拟现实中的三维视觉刺激在 STEM 和非 STEM 领域的比较研究。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115288

Raimundo da Silva Soares Jr. , Amanda Yumi Ambriola Oku , Cândida S.F. Barreto , João Ricardo Sato

Spatial cognition plays a crucial role in our daily lives. The relationship between spatial abilities and mathematical performance is well-established, with visuospatial training offering significant benefits in academic STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. Developing visuospatial training requires an objective evaluation of spatial cognition and consideration of various 3D displays. This study aims to compare the neural efficiency of STEM and non-STEM individuals during mental rotation tasks (MRT) in 3D and 2.5D conditions (pseudo 3D) using virtual reality (VR). For that, we propose a novel integrative assessment of spatial cognition by combining a cost-effective VR headset and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Overall, the findings reveal that STEM individuals exhibit greater neural efficiency in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) while solving MRT in a VR environment compared to their non-STEM counterparts. Additionally, the study shows that there is no significant difference in performance between 3D and 2.5D stimuli, suggesting that both conditions are equally suitable for MRT in VR. One possible explanation is that immersive VR reduces the distinctions between 3D models and 2.5D images, considering MRT scores and PFC activity. This research underscores the practicality and relevance of using VR and fNIRS to evaluate visuospatial tasks and the potential to identify distinct student learning profiles and enhance spatial skills. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of 2.5D stimuli as a cost-effective alternative for learning applications in VR. Here, we demonstrated that modeling the same task in 3D and 2.5D conditions can compare how humans interact with visuospatial tests, providing insights into applying VR devices to develop spatial skills.

空间认知在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。空间能力与数学成绩之间的关系已得到证实，视觉空间训练在 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）学科中具有显著优势。开发视觉空间训练需要对空间认知进行客观评估，并考虑各种三维显示。本研究旨在利用虚拟现实（VR）技术，比较 STEM 和非 STEM 人员在三维和 2.5D 条件（伪三维）下完成心理旋转任务（MRT）时的神经效率。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的空间认知综合评估方法，将具有成本效益的 VR 头显与功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）相结合。总体而言，研究结果表明，与非 STEM 人相比，STEM 人在 VR 环境中解决 MRT 问题时，其背外侧前额叶皮层（PFC）表现出更高的神经效率。此外，研究还表明，3D 和 2.5D 刺激之间的表现没有显著差异，这表明这两种条件同样适合在 VR 中进行 MRT。一种可能的解释是，考虑到 MRT 分数和 PFC 活动，沉浸式 VR 减少了 3D 模型和 2.5D 图像之间的区别。这项研究强调了使用 VR 和 fNIRS 评估视觉空间任务的实用性和相关性，以及识别不同学生学习情况和提高空间技能的潜力。此外，它还强调了 2.5D 刺激作为 VR 学习应用的一种具有成本效益的替代方法的潜力。在这里，我们证明了在三维和 2.5D 条件下对同一任务进行建模可以比较人类如何与视觉空间测试互动，为应用 VR 设备开发空间技能提供启示。

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引用次数: 0

The antidepressant effect of Komagataella pastoris KM 71 H in maternal separation mice model mediated by the microbiota-gut-brain axis Komagataella pastoris KM 71H 在母体分离小鼠模型中的抗抑郁作用由微生物群-肠-脑轴介导。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115287

Paloma T. Birmann , Airton Sinott , Giuliana P. Zugno , Rafael R. Rodrigues , Fabricio R. Conceição , Fernanda S.S. Sousa , Tiago Collares , Fabiana K. Seixas , Lucielli Savegnago

Background

The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host health, especially during childhood, a critical period for its establishment. Early life stress can lead to shifts in gut microbiota composition, thus increasing the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. The supplementation with probiotics restores intestinal permeability and the health of gut microbial communities, therefore being potential study targets for the treatment of MDD. In this sense, the yeast Komagataella pastoris was reported as a promising probiotic with antidepressant effect.

Methods

Hence, the present study aims to investigate this effect in mice submitted to maternal separation (MS) 3 h per day from PND2 to PND14. Adult mice and mothers were treated with K. pastoris KM71H (8 log UFC.g⁻¹/per animal, i.g.) or PBS (500 µl, i.g.) for 14 days. After behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized, followed by hippocampi and intestines removal for biochemical analysis.

Results

On behavioral tests, K. pastoris KM71H treatment reduced the immobility time in TST of adult mice and increased the grooming activity in splash test of adult mice and mothers induced by MS. The probiotic treatment restored plasma corticosterone levels and glucocorticoid receptor expression in hippocampi, alongside nitrate/nitrite levels and superoxide dismutase activity in intestine, in addition to reducing reactive species levels in both structures. Moreover, it also normalized the fecal pH and water content of feces.

Conclusion

Thus, we conclude that K. pastoris KM71H is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MDD.

背景：肠道微生物群在维持宿主健康方面发挥着重要作用，尤其是在童年时期，这是其建立的关键时期。早期的生活压力会导致肠道微生物群组成发生变化，从而增加成年后患重度抑郁症（MDD）的风险。补充益生菌可恢复肠道通透性和肠道微生物群落的健康，因此是治疗重度抑郁症的潜在研究目标。方法：因此，本研究旨在调查从 PND2 到 PND14 期间每天 3 小时母鼠分离（MS）对小鼠的影响。用 K. pastoris KM71H（8log UFC.g-1/每只动物，i.g.）或 PBS（500µl，i.g.）处理成年小鼠和母鼠 14 天。行为测试结束后，动物被安乐死，然后取出海马和肠子进行生化分析：结果：在行为测试中，K. pastoris KM71H 可减少成年小鼠在 TST 中的不动时间，并可增加 MS 诱导的成年小鼠和母亲在飞溅测试中的梳理活动。益生菌治疗恢复了海马血浆皮质酮水平和糖皮质激素受体的表达，以及肠道中硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性，此外还降低了这两个结构中的活性物种水平。此外，它还使粪便 pH 值和粪便含水量正常化：因此，我们得出结论：K. pastoris KM71H 是一种治疗 MDD 的有前途的治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of cFos labeling in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex following recent and remote re-exposure to an unreinforced open field in preadolescent and postadolescent rats 评估青春期前和青春期后大鼠近期和远期再次暴露于非强化开放场域后海马和前扣带回皮层中的 cFos 标记。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115284

Nikolaos Tzakis, Mikaela Ethier-Gagnon, Tanisse Epp, Matthew R. Holahan

Spatial tasks are often goal-directed or reward-facilitated confounding the assessment of “pure” recent and remote spatial memories. The current work re-exposed preadolescent and postadolescent male rats to a non-reinforced, free exploration task to investigate cFos patterns within the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) associated with recent and remote periods. Male rats were exposed to an open field task for one, 30 min session on postnatal day (P) 20, 25, or 50 and re-exposed for 30 min at either a recent (24 hours) or remote (3 weeks) timepoint. Distance traveled in the open field was measured as well as cFos labeling. In the P20 age group, there was elevated exploration at the 24-hour and 3-week tests compared to training and compared to the other age groups. In the hippocampus CA1, cFos levels were higher after the remote test than the recent test in the P20 group but higher after the recent test than remote test in the P25 and P50 groups. cFos labeling in the ACC was higher in all remote-tested groups compared to the recent-tested groups across all ages. In the P20, the 24-hour test was associated with less CA1 activity than the other age groups supporting the hypothesis that the hippocampus is not fully developed at this time point. In the P20 group, the remote representation of this task did not seem to be complete as there continued to be CA1 activity along with ACC activity following the remote test associated with elevated exploration. These results indicate the utility of unreinforced spatial navigation tasks for exploring systems consolidation processes over the lifespan and show that a fully developed hippocampus is required for optimal systems consolidation.

空间任务通常是目标导向或奖励促进的，这混淆了对 "纯粹 "近期和远期空间记忆的评估。目前的研究将青春期前和青春期后的雄性大鼠重新暴露于非强迫性的自由探索任务中，以研究海马和前扣带回皮层（ACC）中与近期和远期相关的 cFos 模式。雄性大鼠在出生后第 20、25 或 50 天暴露于开阔地任务，每次 30 分钟，然后在近期（24 小时）或远期（3 周）的时间点再次暴露 30 分钟。测量在空地上行走的距离以及 cFos 标记。与训练和其他年龄组相比，P20 年龄组在 24 小时和 3 周测试中的探索能力有所提高。在海马 CA1 中，P20 组在远程测试后的 cFos 水平高于近期测试，但在 P25 和 P50 组，近期测试后的 cFos 水平高于远程测试。在 P20 组中，与其他年龄组相比，24 小时测试与较少的 CA1 活动有关，这支持了在此时间点海马尚未完全发育的假设。在 P20 组中，这项任务的远程表征似乎并不完整，因为在远程测试后，CA1 活动和 ACC 活动仍在继续，这与探索活动的增加有关。这些结果表明，非强化空间导航任务对于探索人一生中的系统巩固过程非常有用，并表明要实现最佳的系统巩固，海马必须发育完全。

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引用次数: 0

Exercise alleviates CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors by modulating paracellular and transcellular permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the prefrontal cortex 运动通过调节前额叶皮层血脑屏障的旁细胞和跨细胞通透性缓解 CUS 诱导的抑郁样行为

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115286

Ye Luo , Dewang Meng , Hui Tang , Panwen Wu , Yuan Zhang

Background

Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). While aerobic exercise has shown promise in mitigating MDD symptoms by potentially preserving BBB integrity, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores these mechanisms to assess aerobic exercise's therapeutic potential for MDD.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 J mice were used in this study to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on CUS-induced BBB permeability and depressive-like behaviors. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced MDD mouse models were divided into three groups: Control, CUS, and CUS+Exercise. We monitored body weight, blood S100β levels, and cytokines via ELISA. Claudin-5 and Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expressions in the medial prefrontal cortex were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. BBB permeability was assessed using biocytin-TMR and Alb-Alexa 594 tracers. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes in the BBB directly. Depression-related behaviors were tested through several behavioral assays.

Results

CUS significantly increased CAV-1 expression and Alb-Alexa 594 leakage, suggesting enhanced transcellular BBB permeability. Despite unchanged Claudin-5 levels, its tight junction ultrastructure was altered, leading to increased biocytin-TMR leakage. Aerobic exercise ameliorated these disruptions, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and improved behavioral outcomes in CUS mice.

Conclusion

Disruptions in both paracellular and transcellular BBB pathways are pivotal in depression development. Aerobic exercise offers potential therapeutic benefits for MDD linked with BBB dysfunction by mitigating stress-induced structural and functional changes.

背景：血脑屏障（BBB）通透性增加与重度抑郁症（MDD）的病理生理学有关。虽然有氧运动有望通过保护血脑屏障的完整性来减轻重度抑郁症状，但其具体机制仍不清楚。本研究探讨了这些机制，以评估有氧运动对 MDD 的治疗潜力：本研究使用雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠研究有氧运动对 CUS 诱导的 BBB 通透性和抑郁样行为的影响。慢性不可预知应激（CUS）诱导的 MDD 小鼠模型分为三组：对照组、CUS 组和 CUS+ 运动组。我们通过酶联免疫吸附法监测体重、血液 S100β 水平和细胞因子。使用 Western 印迹法和免疫荧光法评估内侧前额叶皮层中 Claudin-5 和 Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) 的表达。使用生物胞素-TMR和Alb-Alexa 594示踪剂评估了BBB的通透性。透射电子显微镜用于直接观察 BBB 的超微结构变化。通过几种行为实验测试了抑郁相关行为：结果：CUS明显增加了CAV-1的表达和Alb-Alexa 594的渗漏，表明跨细胞BBB通透性增强。尽管Claudin-5水平不变，但其紧密连接超微结构发生了改变，导致生物胞素-TMR渗漏增加。有氧运动改善了这些干扰，减少了炎症细胞因子，并改善了 CUS 小鼠的行为结果：结论：细胞旁和跨细胞 BBB 通路的破坏是抑郁症发展的关键。有氧运动可减轻压力引起的结构和功能变化，从而为与 BBB 功能障碍有关的 MDD 提供潜在的治疗益处。

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引用次数: 0

The role of the prefrontal cortex in modulating aggression in humans and rodents 前额叶皮层在调节人类和啮齿动物攻击行为中的作用。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115285

Xinyang Li , Lize Xiong , Yan Li

Accumulating evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in aggression. However, the findings regarding the key neural mechanisms and molecular pathways underlying the modulation of aggression by the PFC are relatively scattered, with many inconsistencies and areas that would benefit from exploration. Here, we highlight the relationship between the PFC and aggression in humans and rodents and describe the anatomy and function of the human PFC, along with homologous regions in rodents. At the molecular level, we detail how the major neuromodulators of the PFC impact aggression. At the circuit level, this review provides an overview of known and potential subcortical projections that regulate aggression in rodents. Finally, at the disease level, we review the correlation between PFC alterations and heightened aggression in specific human psychiatric disorders. Our review provides a framework for PFC modulation of aggression, resolves several intriguing paradoxes from previous studies, and illuminates new avenues for further study.

越来越多的证据表明，前额叶皮层（PFC）在攻击行为中扮演着重要角色。然而，有关前额叶皮质调节攻击行为的关键神经机制和分子途径的研究结果相对分散，存在许多不一致之处，需要进行深入探讨。在此，我们将重点介绍人类和啮齿类动物的前脑功能区与攻击性之间的关系，并描述人类前脑功能区以及啮齿类动物同源区域的解剖结构和功能。在分子水平上，我们详细介绍了前脑功能区的主要神经调节因子如何影响攻击行为。在电路层面，本综述概述了调节啮齿类动物攻击性的已知和潜在皮层下投射。最后，在疾病层面，我们回顾了特定人类精神疾病中 PFC 改变与攻击性增强之间的相关性。我们的综述为大脑前部皮层对攻击性的调节提供了一个框架，解决了以往研究中的几个有趣的悖论，并为进一步的研究指明了新的途径。

引用次数: 0

Proteomic evidence for seed odor modifying olfaction and spatial memory in a scatter-hoarding animal 蛋白质组学证据表明，种子气味改变了散食性动物的嗅觉和空间记忆。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115282

Xiangyu Zhao, Yingnan Wang, Xianfeng Yi

Seed odor plays a crucial role in affecting the scatter-hoarding behavior of small rodents that rely on spatial memory and olfaction to cache and recover. However, evidence of how seed odor modifies olfaction function and spatial memory is still lacking. Here, we coated seeds with waterproof glue to test how seed odor intensity alters the proteome of both the olfactory bulbs and hippocampus of a dominant scatter-hoarding rodent, Leopoldamys edwardsi, in Southwest China. We showed that animals repeatedly caching and recovering weak odor seeds exhibited greater olfactory ability and spatial memory, as indicated by alterations in the protein profiles of the olfactory bulbs and hippocampus. The upregulation of proteins closely related to neural connections between the olfactory bulb and hippocampus is highly responsible for improved olfactory function and spatial memory. Our study provides new insights into how scatter-hoarding rodents manage and respond to cached seeds differing in odor intensity from a neurobiological perspective, which is of significant importance for better understanding the parallel evolution of the olfactory and hippocampal systems.

种子气味在影响小型啮齿类动物的分散囤积行为方面起着至关重要的作用，它们依靠空间记忆和嗅觉来囤积和恢复。然而，关于种子气味如何改变嗅觉功能和空间记忆的证据仍然缺乏。在这里，我们用防水胶涂覆种子，测试了种子气味强度如何改变中国西南地区一种优势分散囤积啮齿动物（Leopoldamys edwardsi）的嗅球和海马的蛋白质组。我们的研究表明，反复贮藏和回收气味微弱种子的动物表现出更强的嗅觉能力和空间记忆能力，嗅球和海马的蛋白质谱发生了改变。与嗅球和海马神经连接密切相关的蛋白质的上调是嗅觉功能和空间记忆改善的重要原因。我们的研究从神经生物学的角度为散囤啮齿动物如何管理和应对气味强度不同的种子提供了新的见解，这对于更好地理解嗅觉系统和海马系统的平行进化具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Hindbrain networks: Exploring the hidden anxiety circuits in rodents 后脑网络：探索啮齿动物的隐性焦虑回路

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115281

Yifu Zhou , Gang Wang , Xiaosong Liang , Zhidi Xu

Anxiety disorders are multifaceted conditions that engage numerous brain regions and circuits. While the hindbrain is pivotal in fundamental biological functions, its role in modulating emotions has been underappreciated. This review will uncover critical targets and circuits within the hindbrain that are essential for both anxiety and anxiolytic effects, expanding on research obtained through behavioral tests. The bidirectional neural pathways between the hindbrain and other brain regions, with a spotlight on vagal afferent signaling, provide a crucial framework for unraveling the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety. Exploring neural circuits within the hindbrain can help to unravel the neurobiological mechanisms of anxiety and elucidate differences in the expression of these circuits between genders, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of future anxiolytic drugs.

焦虑症是一种涉及多个脑区和脑回路的多发性疾病。虽然后脑在基本生物功能中举足轻重，但它在调节情绪方面的作用却一直未得到重视。本综述将根据行为测试的研究结果，揭示后脑中对焦虑和抗焦虑作用至关重要的关键靶点和回路。后脑与其他脑区之间的双向神经通路，特别是迷走神经传入信号，为揭示焦虑的神经机制提供了一个重要框架。探索后脑内的神经回路有助于揭示焦虑的神经生物学机制，并阐明这些回路在不同性别间的表达差异，从而为未来抗焦虑药物的开发提供有价值的见解。

引用次数: 0

The SIRT-1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis: Guardians of neuronal health in neurological disorders SIRT-1/Nrf2/HO-1轴：神经系统疾病中神经元健康的守护者。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115280

Pranshul Sethi , Sidharth Mehan , Zuber Khan , Pankaj Kumar Maurya , Nitish Kumar , Aakash Kumar , Aarti Tiwari , Tarun Sharma , Ghanshyam Das Gupta , Acharan S. Narula , Reni Kalfin

SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that functions through nucleoplasmic transfer and is present in nearly all mammalian tissues. SIRT1 is believed to deacetylate its protein substrates, resulting in neuroprotective actions, including reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, increased autophagy, increased nerve growth factors, and preserved neuronal integrity in aging or neurological disease. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the genes responsible for oxidative stress response and substance detoxification. The activation of Nrf2 guards cells against oxidative damage, inflammation, and carcinogenic stimuli. Several neurological abnormalities and inflammatory disorders have been associated with variations in Nrf2 activation caused by either pharmacological or genetic factors. Recent evidence indicates that Nrf2 is at the center of a complex cellular regulatory network, establishing it as a transcription factor with genuine pleiotropy. HO-1 is most likely a component of a defense mechanism in cells under stress, as it provides negative feedback for cell activation and mediator synthesis. This mediator is upregulated by Nrf2, nitric oxide (NO), and other factors in various inflammatory states. HO-1 or its metabolites, such as CO, may mitigate inflammation by modulating signal transduction pathways. Neurological diseases may be effectively treated by modulating the activity of HO-1. Multiple studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 and Nrf2 share an important connection. SIRT1 enhances Nrf2, activates HO-1, protects against oxidative injury, and decreases neuronal death. This has been associated with numerous neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway may help treat various neurological disorders. This review focuses on the current understanding of the SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 neuroprotective processes and the potential therapeutic applications of their target activators in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.

SIRT1（Sirtuin 1）是一种依赖于 NAD+ 的去乙酰化酶，通过核质转移发挥作用，几乎存在于所有哺乳动物组织中。据信，SIRT1 可使其蛋白质底物去乙酰化，从而起到保护神经的作用，包括减少氧化应激和炎症、增加自噬、增加神经生长因子，以及在衰老或神经疾病中保护神经元的完整性。Nrf2 是一种转录因子，可调节负责氧化应激反应和物质解毒的基因。激活 Nrf2 可保护细胞免受氧化损伤、炎症和致癌刺激。一些神经系统异常和炎症性疾病与药物或遗传因素导致的 Nrf2 激活变化有关。最近的证据表明，Nrf2 处于一个复杂的细胞调控网络的中心，使其成为一个具有真正多义性的转录因子。HO-1 很可能是压力下细胞防御机制的一个组成部分，因为它为细胞活化和介质合成提供负反馈。在各种炎症状态下，Nrf2、一氧化氮（NO）和其他因素会上调这种介质。HO-1 或其代谢物（如 CO）可通过调节信号转导途径来缓解炎症。通过调节 HO-1 的活性可以有效治疗神经系统疾病。多项研究表明，SIRT1 和 Nrf2 有着重要的联系。SIRT1 可增强 Nrf2，激活 HO-1，防止氧化损伤，减少神经元死亡。这与许多神经退行性疾病和神经精神疾病有关。因此，激活 SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 通路可能有助于治疗各种神经系统疾病。本综述将重点介绍目前对 SIRT1 和 Nrf2/HO-1 神经保护过程的理解，以及其靶向激活剂在神经退行性疾病和神经精神疾病中的潜在治疗应用。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive function and brain structure in COVID-19 survivors: The role of persistent symptoms COVID-19 存活者的认知功能和大脑结构：持续症状的作用

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115283

Krupa Vakani , Ray Norbury , Martina Vanova , Martina Ratto , Andrew Parton , Elena Antonova , Veena Kumari

Persistent COVID-19 symptoms post-acute state have been shown to have a significant negative impact on brain structure and function. In this study, we conducted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole brain in 43 working-age adults (mean age: 44.79±10.80; range: 24–65 years) with a history of COVID-19 (731.17±312.41 days post-diagnosis), and also assessed their cognitive function (processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function, and recognition memory), mental health, and sleep quality. MRI data were processed using FSL to derive regional volumes for bilateral nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus, and total grey matter, white matter, and cerebral spinal fluid volume, and analysed in relation to persistent COVID-19 symptom load, mental health, and sleep quality. Higher persistent COVID-19 symptom load was significantly associated with smaller putamen volume, lower response accuracy on working memory, executive function, and recognition memory tasks, as well as a longer time to complete the executive function task, and poorer mental health and sleep quality. Smaller putamen fully mediated the relationship between persistent COVID-19 symptom load and lower executive function. Further research is required to confirm whether reduced putamen volume and its association with poor executive function persists in COVID-19 survivors in the long term.

事实证明，急性期后持续的 COVID-19 症状会对大脑结构和功能产生显著的负面影响。在这项研究中，我们对 43 名有 COVID-19 病史的工作年龄成年人（平均年龄：44.79±10.80 岁；范围：24-65 岁）（诊断后 731.17±312.41 天）进行了全脑磁共振成像（MRI），并评估了他们的认知功能（处理速度、注意力、工作记忆、执行功能和识别记忆）、心理健康和睡眠质量。核磁共振成像数据经FSL处理后，得出了双侧伏隔核、尾状核、苍白球、普鲁门、丘脑、杏仁核和海马的区域体积，以及灰质、白质和脑脊液的总体积，并分析了这些数据与持续性COVID-19症状负荷、心理健康和睡眠质量的关系。较高的持续COVID-19症状负荷与较小的大脑丘脑体积，较低的工作记忆、执行功能和识别记忆任务的反应准确性，以及较长的执行功能任务完成时间，以及较差的心理健康和睡眠质量显著相关。较小的大脑丘完全介导了持续的COVID-19症状负荷与较低的执行功能之间的关系。要确认COVID-19幸存者的普塔门体积缩小及其与执行功能低下之间的关系是否会长期存在，还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Two distinct enriched housings differentially ameliorate object and place recognition deficits in a rat model of schizophrenia 在精神分裂症大鼠模型中，两种不同的富集住所可不同程度地改善物体和地点识别障碍。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115276

Michimasa Toyoshima , Katsumasa Takahashi , Eri Sato , Shota Shimoda, Kazuo Yamada

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunctions. These dysfunctions significantly impact the daily lives of schizophrenic patients, yet effective interventions remain scarce. In this study, we explored the effects of two enriched housing types—cognitive and physical—on cognitive dysfunctions in a rat model of schizophrenia. Male neonatal Wistar-Imamichi rats were administered MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist, twice daily from postnatal day (PND) 7 to PND 20. Physical enrichment ameliorated memory deficits in both object and place recognition tests, while cognitive enrichment primarily improved object recognition performance. Our findings suggest that exercise therapy could be a potential approach to address cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients.

精神分裂症是一种以认知功能障碍为特征的精神疾病。这些功能障碍严重影响了精神分裂症患者的日常生活，但有效的干预措施仍然很少。在这项研究中，我们探讨了认知和物理两种丰富的居住类型对精神分裂症大鼠模型认知功能障碍的影响。雄性新生 Wistar-Imamichi 大鼠从出生后第 7 天到第 20 天每天两次服用非竞争性 NMDAR 拮抗剂 MK-801。身体强化改善了物体和地点识别测试中的记忆缺陷，而认知强化主要提高了物体识别能力。我们的研究结果表明，运动疗法可能是解决精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的一种潜在方法。

引用次数: 0