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Central cholinergic transmission modulates endocannabinoid-induced marble-burying behavior in mice 中枢胆碱能传导调节内源性大麻素诱导的小鼠埋大理石行为
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115252
Chhatrapal Patel, Richa Patel, Anuradha Kesharwani, Laxmi Rao, Nishant Sudhir Jain

Central cholinergic system and endocannabinoid, anandamide exhibits anti-compulsive-like behavior in mice. However, the role of the central cholinergic system in the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive-like behavior is still unexplored. Therefore, the present study assessed the role of central cholinergic transmission in the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive activity using a marble-burying behavior (MBB) model in mice. The modulation in the anandamide-induced effect on MBB was evaluated using mice with altered central cholinergic transmission achieved by pretreatment (i.c.v.) with various cholinergic agents like acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), neostigmine, nicotine, mAChR antagonist, atropine, and nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine. The influence of anandamide treatment on the brain AChE activity was also evaluated. The results revealed that i.c.v. injection of anandamide (10, 20 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) dose-dependently reduced MBB in mice. Moreover, anandamide in all the tested doses inhibited the brain AChE activity indicating the role of an enhanced central cholinergic transmission in its anti-compulsive-like effect . Furthermore, the anti-compulsive-like effect of anandamide (20 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) was found to be enhanced in mice centrally pre-treated with, ACh (0.1 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) or AChEI, neostigmine (0.3 µg/mouse, i.c.v.). In addition, the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive-like effect was significantly increased in mice pre-treated with a low dose of nicotine (0.1 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) while, it was attenuated by the higher dose of nicotine (2 µg/mouse, i.c.v.). On the other hand, the anandamide (20 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) induced anti-compulsive-like effect was found to be diminished in mice pre-treated with mAChR antagonist, atropine (0.1, 0.5 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) and pre-injection of nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine (0.1, 0.5 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) potentiated the anandamide induced anti-compulsive-like response in mice. Thus, the present investigation delineates the modulatory role of an enhanced central cholinergic transmission in the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive-like behavior in mice by inhibition of brain AChE or via muscarinic and nicotinic receptors mediated mechanism.

中枢胆碱能系统和内源性大麻素--安乃近在小鼠身上表现出反强迫行为。然而,中枢胆碱能系统在安乃近诱导的类强迫行为中的作用仍未得到探索。因此,本研究利用小鼠埋大理石行为(MBB)模型评估了中枢胆碱能传导在安乃近诱导的反强迫活动中的作用。通过对小鼠进行各种胆碱能药物如乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(AChEI)、新斯的明、尼古丁、mAChR拮抗剂阿托品和nAChR拮抗剂甲氰咪胍的预处理(静脉注射),评估了安乃近诱导的对大理石掩埋行为的影响。此外,还评估了安乃近处理对脑 AChE 活性的影响。结果显示,静脉注射安乃近(10、20 微克/只小鼠,静脉注射)可剂量依赖性地降低小鼠的 MBB。此外,所有测试剂量的安乃近都能抑制大脑 AChE 的活性,这表明安乃近的抗强迫样作用增强了中枢胆碱能传导。此外,安乃近(20 微克/只小鼠,静注)的抗强迫样作用在使用 ACh(0.1 微克/只小鼠,静注)或 AChEI、新斯的明(0.3 微克/只小鼠,静注)进行中枢预处理的小鼠中得到增强。此外,用低剂量尼古丁(0.1微克/只小鼠,静注)预处理的小鼠,其安乃近诱导的抗强迫样作用明显增强,而用高剂量尼古丁(2微克/只小鼠,静注)预处理的小鼠,其作用则减弱。另一方面,用 mAChR 拮抗剂阿托品(0.1、0.5微克/只小鼠,静注)和预先注射nAChR拮抗剂麦卡米拉明(0.1,0.5微克/只小鼠,静注)可增强小鼠的安乃近诱导的抗强迫样反应。因此,本研究通过抑制脑 AChE 或通过毒蕈碱受体和烟碱受体介导的机制,阐明了增强的中枢胆碱能传导在安乃近诱导的小鼠反强迫样行为中的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) MRI to evaluate the relationship between demyelination and glutamate content in depressed mice 通过谷氨酸化学交换饱和转移(GluCEST)磁共振成像评估抑郁小鼠脱髓鞘与谷氨酸含量之间的关系
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115247
Kai Qi , Hao Li , Jin Tao , Miaomiao Liu , Wei Zhang , Yan Liu , Yuwei Liu , He Gong , Junhui Wei , Ailing Wang , Junhai Xu , Xianglin Li

Glutamatergic alteration is one of the potential mechanisms of depression. However, there is no consensus on whether glutamate metabolism changes affect the myelin structure of depression in mouse models. Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a novel and powerful molecular imaging technique that can visualize glutamate distribution. In this study, we used the GluCEST imaging technique to look at glutamate levels in mice under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and how they relate to demyelination. The CUMS mice were exposed to different stress factors for 6 weeks. Evaluated of depression in CUMS mice by behavioral tests. MRI scans were then performed, including T2-mapping, GluCEST, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences. Brain tissues were collected for Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunofluorescence staining to analyze the changes in the myelin sheath. Artificially sketched regions of interest (ROI) (corpus callosum, hippocampus, and thalamus) were used to calculate the GluCEST value, fractional anisotropy (FA), and T2 value. Compared with the control group, the GluCEST value in the ROIs of CUMS mice significantly decreased. Similarly, the FA value in ROIs was lower in the CUMS group than in the CTRL group, but the T2 value did not differ significantly between the two groups. The histological results showed that ROIs in the CUMS group had demyelination compared with the CTRL group, indicating that DTI was more sensitive than T2 mapping in detecting myelin abnormalities. Furthermore, the GluCEST value in the ROIs correlates positively with the FA value. These findings suggest that altered glutamate metabolism may be one of the important factors leading to demyelination in depression, and GluCEST is expected to serve as an imaging biological marker for the diagnosis of demyelination in depression.

谷氨酸能改变是抑郁症的潜在机制之一。然而,对于谷氨酸代谢变化是否会影响抑郁症小鼠模型的髓鞘结构,目前还没有达成共识。谷氨酸化学交换饱和转移(GluCEST)是一种新颖而强大的分子成像技术,可以直观地显示谷氨酸的分布。在这项研究中,我们利用 GluCEST 成像技术观察了处于慢性不可预知轻度应激(CUMS)下的小鼠体内的谷氨酸水平及其与脱髓鞘的关系。CUMS小鼠暴露于不同的应激因素达6周之久。通过行为测试评估 CUMS 小鼠的抑郁情况。然后进行核磁共振成像扫描,包括T2映射、GluCEST和弥散张量成像(DTI)序列。采集脑组织进行鲁索快蓝染色和免疫荧光染色,以分析髓鞘的变化。人工绘制的感兴趣区(ROI)(胼胝体、海马和丘脑)用于计算 GluCEST 值、分数各向异性(FA)和 T2 值。与对照组相比,CUMS 小鼠 ROI 中的 GluCEST 值明显下降。同样,CUMS组ROI的FA值也低于CTRL组,但T2值在两组间无明显差异。组织学结果显示,与 CTRL 组相比,CUMS 组的 ROI 存在脱髓鞘现象,这表明 DTI 在检测髓鞘异常方面比 T2 映射更敏感。此外,ROI 中的 GluCEST 值与 FA 值呈正相关。这些研究结果表明,谷氨酸代谢的改变可能是导致抑郁症患者脱髓鞘的重要因素之一,GluCEST有望成为诊断抑郁症患者脱髓鞘的影像生物学标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Dopamine D1 receptors activation rescues hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments in the MK-801 neonatal schizophrenia model 激活多巴胺 D1 受体可挽救 MK-801 新生儿精神分裂症模型的海马突触可塑性和认知障碍
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115250
Melissa Hernández-Frausto , Emilio J. Galván, Carolina López-Rubalcava

Schizophrenia is a disorder with a higher cognitive decline in early adulthood, causing impaired retention of episodic memories. However, the physiological and behavioral functions that underlie cognitive deficits with a potential mechanism to ameliorate and improve cognitive performance are unknown. In this study, we used the MK-801 neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-like model. Rats were divided into two groups: one received MK-801, and the other received saline for five consecutive days (7–11 postnatal days, PND). We evaluated synaptic plasticity late-LTP and spatial memory consolidation in early adolescence and young adulthood using extracellular field recordings in acute hippocampal slices and the Barnes maze task. Next, we examined D1 receptor (D1R) activation as a mechanism to ameliorate cognitive impairments. Our results suggest that MK-801 neonatal treatment induces impairment in late-LTP expression and deficits in spatial memory retrieval in early adolescence that is maintained until young adulthood. Furthermore, we found that activation of dopamine D1R ameliorates the impairments and promotes a robust expression of late-LTP and an improved performance in the Barnes maze task, suggesting a novel and potential therapeutic role in treating cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

精神分裂症是一种在成年早期认知能力下降较快的疾病,会导致外显记忆的保持能力受损。然而,认知障碍的生理和行为功能以及改善和提高认知能力的潜在机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们使用了 MK-801 神经发育性精神分裂症样模型。大鼠分为两组:一组接受 MK-801,另一组连续五天(出生后 7-11 天,PND)接受生理盐水。我们使用急性海马切片的细胞外场记录和巴恩斯迷宫任务评估了青春期早期和青年期的突触可塑性晚期LTP和空间记忆巩固。接下来,我们研究了 D1 受体(D1R)激活作为一种改善认知障碍的机制。我们的研究结果表明,MK-801新生儿治疗会诱导晚期LTP表达受损,并在青春期早期诱导空间记忆检索缺陷,这种缺陷会一直维持到青年期。此外,我们还发现,激活多巴胺 D1R 可改善认知障碍,促进晚期 LTP 的强健表达,并提高巴恩斯迷宫任务的表现,这表明 MK-801 在治疗精神分裂症认知障碍方面具有新颖而潜在的治疗作用。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal separation during lactation affects recognition memory, emotional behaviors, hippocampus and gut microbiota composition in C57BL6J adolescent female mice 哺乳期母体分离会影响 C57BL6J 青春期雌性小鼠的识别记忆、情绪行为、海马和肠道微生物群组成
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115249
Zuotian Wu , Lin Zhou , Huikang Fu , Yumeng Xie , Limin Sun , Yixin Li , Ling Xiao , Lei Zhang , Ying Su , Gaohua Wang

Background

Maternal separation (MS) in rodents is a paradigm of early life events that affects neurological development in depression. Adolescence is a time of dramatic increases in psychological vulnerability, and being female is a depression risk factor. However, data on whether different MS scenarios affect behavioral deficits and the potential mechanisms in adolescent female mice are limited.

Methods

C57BL/6 J female pups were exposed to different MS (no MS, NMS; MS for 15 min/day, MS15; or 180 min/day, MS180) from postnatal day (PND)1 to PND21 and subjected for behavioral tests during adolescence. Behavioural tests, specifically the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR) test and tail suspension test (TST), were performed. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota were also assessed.

Results

The results showed that MS180 induced emotional behavioral deficits and object recognition memory impairment; however, MS15 promoted object recognition memory in adolescent females. MS180 decreased hippocampal neurogenesis of adolescent females, induced an increase in microgliosis, and increased certain inflammatory factors in the hippocampus, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, different MS altered gut microbiota diversity, and alpha diversity in the Shannon index was negatively correlated with the peripheral inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Species difference analysis showed that the gut microbiota composition of the phyla Desulfobacterota and Proteobacteria was affected by the MS.

Limitations

The sex differences in adolescent animal and causality of hippocampal neurogenesis and gut microbiota under different MS need to be further analyzed in depression.

Conclusion

This study indicates different MS affect recognition memory and emotional behaviors in adolescent females, and gut microbiota-neuroinflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis may be a potential site of early neurodevelopmental impairment in depression.

背景啮齿动物的母体分离(MS)是影响抑郁症神经系统发育的早期生活事件的范例。青春期是心理脆弱性急剧增加的时期,而雌性是抑郁症的一个风险因素。从出生后第1天到第21天,C57BL/6 J雌性幼鼠暴露于不同的MS(无MS,NMS;MS 15分钟/天,MS15;或180分钟/天,MS180),并在青春期接受行为测试。这些行为测试包括开阔地测试(OFT)、新物体识别测试(NOR)和尾悬挂测试(TST)。结果表明,MS180会诱发青少年女性的情绪行为障碍和物体识别记忆障碍;而MS15则会促进青少年女性的物体识别记忆。MS180降低了青春期女性的海马神经发生,诱导小胶质细胞增多,并增加了海马中的某些炎症因子,包括TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6。此外,不同的多发性硬化会改变肠道微生物群的多样性,香农指数中的α多样性与外周炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6呈负相关。结论 本研究表明,不同的MS会影响青少年女性的识别记忆和情绪行为,而肠道微生物群-神经炎症和海马神经发生可能是抑郁症早期神经发育受损的潜在部位。
{"title":"Maternal separation during lactation affects recognition memory, emotional behaviors, hippocampus and gut microbiota composition in C57BL6J adolescent female mice","authors":"Zuotian Wu ,&nbsp;Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Huikang Fu ,&nbsp;Yumeng Xie ,&nbsp;Limin Sun ,&nbsp;Yixin Li ,&nbsp;Ling Xiao ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Su ,&nbsp;Gaohua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Maternal separation (MS) in rodents is a paradigm of early life events that affects neurological development in depression. Adolescence is a time of dramatic increases in psychological vulnerability, and being female is a depression risk factor. However, data on whether different MS scenarios affect behavioral deficits and the potential mechanisms in adolescent female mice are limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>C57BL/6 J female pups were exposed to different MS (no MS, NMS; MS for 15 min/day, MS15; or 180 min/day, MS180) from postnatal day (PND)1 to PND21 and subjected for behavioral tests during adolescence. Behavioural tests, specifically the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR) test and tail suspension test (TST), were performed. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota were also assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that MS180 induced emotional behavioral deficits and object recognition memory impairment; however, MS15 promoted object recognition memory in adolescent females. MS180 decreased hippocampal neurogenesis of adolescent females, induced an increase in microgliosis, and increased certain inflammatory factors in the hippocampus, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, different MS altered gut microbiota diversity, and alpha diversity in the Shannon index was negatively correlated with the peripheral inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Species difference analysis showed that the gut microbiota composition of the phyla <em>Desulfobacterota</em> and <em>Proteobacteria</em> was affected by the MS.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sex differences in adolescent animal and causality of hippocampal neurogenesis and gut microbiota under different MS need to be further analyzed in depression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study indicates different MS affect recognition memory and emotional behaviors in adolescent females, and gut microbiota-neuroinflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis may be a potential site of early neurodevelopmental impairment in depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 115249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of chronic social defeat stress on social behavior and cognitive flexibility for early and late adolescent 长期社会失败压力对青少年早期和晚期社会行为和认知灵活性的影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115251
Hsin-Yung Chen , Hou-Yu Chiang , Ting-Hein Lee , Pei-Ying Sarah Chan , Chia-Yen Yang , Hsin-Min Lee , Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang

This study investigated the risk to social behavior and cognitive flexibility induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) during early and late adolescence (EA and LA). Utilizing the “resident-intruder” stress paradigm, adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CSDS during either EA (postnatal days 29–38) or LA (postnatal days 39–48) to explore how social defeat at different stages of adolescence affects behavioral and cognitive symptoms commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. After stress exposure, the rats were assessed for anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, social interaction, and cognitive flexibility through set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks under immediate and delayed reward conditions. The results showed that CSDS during EA, but not LA, led to impaired cognitive flexibility in adulthood, as evidenced by increased perseverative and regressive errors in the set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks, particularly under the delayed reward condition. This suggests that the timing of stress exposure during development has a significant impact on the long-term consequences for behavioral and cognitive function. The findings highlight the vulnerability of the prefrontal cortex, which undergoes critical maturation during early adolescence, to the effects of social stress. Overall, this study demonstrates that the timing of social stressors during adolescence can differentially shape the developmental trajectory of cognitive flexibility, with important implications for understanding the link between childhood/adolescent adversity and the emergence of psychiatric disorders.

本研究调查了慢性社会挫败应激(CSDS)在青春期早期和晚期(EA和LA)诱发的社会行为和认知灵活性风险。利用 "居民-入侵者 "应激范式,将雄性斯普拉格-道利(Sprague-Dawley)青春期大鼠暴露于EA(出生后第29-38天)或LA(出生后第39-48天)期间的CSDS,以探讨青春期不同阶段的社会挫败如何影响通常与精神障碍相关的行为和认知症状。在应激暴露后,对大鼠在高架加迷宫中的焦虑样行为、社会交往以及在即时和延迟奖励条件下通过集合转移和反向学习任务进行的认知灵活性进行了评估。结果表明,EA期间的CSDS(而非LA)会导致成年后认知灵活性受损,这表现在设定转移和逆向学习任务中的坚持性错误和回归性错误增加,尤其是在延迟奖励条件下。这表明,在发育过程中暴露于压力的时机对行为和认知功能的长期后果有重大影响。研究结果凸显了前额叶皮层在青春期早期经历关键成熟期时容易受到社会压力的影响。总之,这项研究表明,青春期社会压力的时间会对认知灵活性的发展轨迹产生不同的影响,这对理解童年/青春期逆境与精神障碍的出现之间的联系具有重要意义。
{"title":"Effects of chronic social defeat stress on social behavior and cognitive flexibility for early and late adolescent","authors":"Hsin-Yung Chen ,&nbsp;Hou-Yu Chiang ,&nbsp;Ting-Hein Lee ,&nbsp;Pei-Ying Sarah Chan ,&nbsp;Chia-Yen Yang ,&nbsp;Hsin-Min Lee ,&nbsp;Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the risk to social behavior and cognitive flexibility induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) during early and late adolescence (EA and LA). Utilizing the “resident-intruder” stress paradigm, adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CSDS during either EA (postnatal days 29–38) or LA (postnatal days 39–48) to explore how social defeat at different stages of adolescence affects behavioral and cognitive symptoms commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. After stress exposure, the rats were assessed for anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, social interaction, and cognitive flexibility through set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks under immediate and delayed reward conditions. The results showed that CSDS during EA, but not LA, led to impaired cognitive flexibility in adulthood, as evidenced by increased perseverative and regressive errors in the set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks, particularly under the delayed reward condition. This suggests that the timing of stress exposure during development has a significant impact on the long-term consequences for behavioral and cognitive function. The findings highlight the vulnerability of the prefrontal cortex, which undergoes critical maturation during early adolescence, to the effects of social stress. Overall, this study demonstrates that the timing of social stressors during adolescence can differentially shape the developmental trajectory of cognitive flexibility, with important implications for understanding the link between childhood/adolescent adversity and the emergence of psychiatric disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 115251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute and chronic response of supervised band-elastic resistance exercise in systemic cytokines levels of bipolar disorders and schizophrenia individuals: A pilot study 带弹阻力运动对双相情感障碍和精神分裂症患者全身细胞因子水平的急性和慢性反应:试点研究
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115248
Gustavo Gusmão Dos Santos , André Luis Lacerda Bachi , Sara Coelho Rangel , Luiz Henrique da Silva Nali , Timóteo Salvador Lucas Daca , Jonatas Bussador do Amaral , Yara Juliano , Decio Gilberto Natrielli-Filho , Fabricio Eduardo Rossi , Saulo Gil , Beny Lafer , Lucas Melo Neves

Despite earlier research demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of acute and chronic exercise in many medical illnesses, there is a lack of literature evaluating the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the cytokine levels in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCH). This study aims to examine the acute effects of resistance exercise on cytokines and the chronic effects of resistance exercise by 10 weeks on cytokine levels, symptoms of disease, and muscular strength in individuals with BD and SCH. The included individuals (N=10) performed a single session of band-elastic resistance exercises (six exercises, 3 sets of 12–15 repetitions, 60 seconds of interval between sets). A sub-sample (N=6) of individuals performed a supervised band-elastic resistance exercise program (2 times a week, for 10 weeks, 6 exercises, 3 sets of 12–15 repetitions, 60 seconds of interval). We verified for acute effects: IL-2 (P=0.0085) and IL-4 (P=0.0253) levels increased, while IL-6 decreased (P=0.0435), and for chronic effects: increased IL-2 and IL-4 levels (significant effect size - Pre vs Post), a decrease in disease symptoms, and an increase in muscular strength. This study adds to what is already known about how resistance exercises affect people with BD and SCH in both short-term (systemic cytokines levels) and long-term (symptoms of disease, muscular strength, and systemic cytokines levels).

尽管早期的研究表明,急性和慢性运动对许多内科疾病都有免疫调节作用,但目前还缺乏文献评估运动对双相情感障碍(BD)或精神分裂症(SCH)患者细胞因子水平的急性和慢性影响。本研究旨在探讨阻力运动对细胞因子的急性影响,以及为期 10 周的阻力运动对双相情感障碍和精神分裂症患者的细胞因子水平、疾病症状和肌肉力量的慢性影响。研究对象(10 人)进行了单次带弹阻力运动(6 次运动,3 组,每组 12-15 次,组间间隔 60 秒)。一个子样本(N=6)的人进行了有监督的带弹阻力练习计划(每周 2 次,持续 10 周,6 次练习,3 组,重复 12-15 次,组间间隔 60 秒)。我们对急性效应进行了验证:IL-2(P=0.0085)和IL-4(P=0.0253)水平升高,而IL-6水平降低(P=0.0435);慢性效应:IL-2和IL-4水平升高(显著效应大小--前与后对比),疾病症状减轻,肌肉力量增强。这项研究丰富了抗阻力锻炼对 BD 和 SCH 患者的短期(全身细胞因子水平)和长期(疾病症状、肌肉力量和全身细胞因子水平)影响。
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引用次数: 0
Probiotic treatment improves post-traumatic stress disorder outcomes in mice 益生菌治疗可改善小鼠创伤后应激障碍的结果
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115246
Mohd Faiz Khan, Gopal Khodve, Sanjay Yadav, Keya Mallick, Sugato Banerjee

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder resulting from traumatic events which are characterized primarily by anxiety and depressive disorder. In this study, we determine the role of gut bacteria in PTSD. PTSD-like symptoms were produced by single prolonged stress (SPS). SPS animals showed increased levels of anxiety as measured by the elevated plus maze test, while depressive behaviour was confirmed using sucrose preference, force swim, and tail suspension tests. Gut dysbiosis was confirmed in PTSD animals by next-generation sequencing of 16 s RNA of faecal samples, while these animals also showed increased intestinal permeability and altered intestinal ultrastructure. Probiotic treatment increases beneficial microbiota, improves intestinal health and reduces PTSD-associated anxiety and depression. We also found a decrease in cortical BDNF levels in PTSD animals, which was reversed after probiotic administration. Here, we establish the link between gut dysbiosis and PTSD and show that probiotic treatment may improve the outcome of PTSD like symptoms in mice.

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种由创伤事件导致的精神障碍,主要表现为焦虑和抑郁。在这项研究中,我们确定了肠道细菌在创伤后应激障碍中的作用。单次长时间应激(SPS)会产生类似创伤后应激障碍的症状。通过高架加迷宫测试,SPS动物的焦虑水平升高,而通过蔗糖偏好、强迫游泳和悬尾测试,抑郁行为得到了证实。通过对粪便样本的 16 s RNA 进行下一代测序,证实创伤后应激障碍动物的肠道菌群失调,同时这些动物还表现出肠道通透性增加和肠道超微结构改变。益生菌治疗可增加有益微生物群,改善肠道健康,减轻与创伤后应激障碍相关的焦虑和抑郁。我们还发现,创伤后应激障碍动物大脑皮层 BDNF 水平下降,而服用益生菌后这一现象得到逆转。在此,我们确定了肠道菌群失调与创伤后应激障碍之间的联系,并表明益生菌治疗可改善小鼠类似创伤后应激障碍症状的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging targets in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): The promise of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter modulation 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)的新靶点:ATP结合盒(ABC)转运体调节的前景。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115242
Maneesh Mohan, Ashi Mannan, Aayush Nauriyal, Thakur Gurjeet Singh

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative primarily affecting motor neurons, leading to disability and neuronal death, and ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter due to their role in drug efflux and modulation of various cellular pathways contributes to the pathogenesis of ALS. In this article, we extensively investigated various molecular and mechanistic pathways linking ALS transporter to the pathogenesis of ALS; this involves inflammatory pathways such as Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Toll-Like Receptor (TLR), Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β), Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB), and Cyclooxygenase (COX). Oxidative pathways such as Astrocytes, Glutamate, Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), Forkhead box protein O (FOXO), Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Additionally, we delve into the role of autophagic pathways like TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and lastly, the apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, by understanding these intricate interactions, we aim to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting ABC transporters, improving drug delivery, and ultimately offering a promising avenue for treating ALS.

肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,主要影响运动神经元,导致残疾和神经元死亡,而ATP结合小卡(ABC)转运体因其在药物外流和调控各种细胞通路中的作用而有助于ALS的发病。在本文中,我们广泛研究了 ALS 转运体与 ALS 发病机制相关的各种分子和机制途径;这涉及炎症通路,如丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶 B(PI3K/Akt)、Toll-Like 受体(TLR)、糖原合成酶激酶 3β (GSK-3β)、核因子卡巴-B(NF-κB)和环氧化酶(COX)。氧化途径,如星形胶质细胞、谷氨酸、类核因子(红细胞衍生 2)2(Nrf2)、Sirtuin 1(SIRT-1)、叉头盒蛋白 O(FOXO)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)。此外,我们还深入研究了自噬途径的作用,如 TAR DNA 结合蛋白 43 (TDP-43)、AMP 激活蛋白激酶 (AMPK)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标 (mTOR),最后是凋亡途径。此外,通过了解这些错综复杂的相互作用,我们希望开发出针对 ABC 转运体的新型治疗策略,改善药物输送,最终为治疗渐冻人症提供一条前景广阔的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Sex-dependent perturbations in risky choice behavior and prefrontal tyrosine hydroxylase levels induced by repetitive mild traumatic brain injury 重复性轻度脑外伤诱发的危险选择行为和前额叶酪氨酸羟化酶水平的性别依赖性干扰
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115244
Christopher P. Knapp , Eleni Papadopoulos , Jessica A. Loweth , Ramesh Raghupathi , Stan B. Floresco , Barry D. Waterhouse , Rachel L. Navarra

Head trauma often impairs cognitive processes mediated within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), leading to impaired decision making and risk-taking behavior. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for approximately 80 % of reported head injury cases. Most neurological symptoms of a single mTBI are transient; however, growing evidence suggests that repeated mTBI (rmTBI) results in more severe impairments that worsen with each subsequent injury. Although mTBI-induced disruption of risk/reward decision making has been characterized, the potential for rmTBI to exacerbate these effects and the neural mechanisms involved are unknown. Catecholamine neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), modulate PFC-mediated functions. Imbalances in catecholamine function have been associated with TBI and may underlie aberrant decision making. We used a closed head-controlled cortical impact (CH-CCI) model in rats to evaluate the effects of rmTBI on performance of a probabilistic discounting task of risk/reward decision making behavior and expression levels of catecholamine regulatory proteins within the PFC. RmTBI produced transient increases in risky choice preference in both male and female rats, with these effects persisting longer in females. Additionally, rmTBI increased expression of the catecholamine synthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), within the orbitofrontal (OFC) region of the PFC in females only. These results suggest females are more susceptible to rmTBI-induced disruption of risk/reward decision making behavior and dysregulation of catecholamine synthesis within the OFC. Together, using the CH-CCI model of rodent rmTBI to evaluate the effects of multiple insults on risk-taking behavior and PFC catecholamine regulation begins to differentiate how mTBI occurrences affect neuropathological outcomes across different sexes.

头部创伤通常会损害前额叶皮质(PFC)介导的认知过程,从而导致决策和冒险行为受损。轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)约占报告的头部创伤病例的 80%。单次轻微创伤性脑损伤引起的神经系统症状大多是短暂的,但越来越多的证据表明,反复轻微创伤性脑损伤(rmTBI)会导致更严重的损伤,而且每次损伤都会加重损伤程度。虽然 mTBI 引起的风险/回报决策紊乱已被证实,但 rmTBI 加剧这些影响的可能性以及相关的神经机制尚不清楚。儿茶酚胺神经递质、多巴胺(DA)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)可调节前脑功能区介导的功能。儿茶酚胺功能失衡与创伤性脑损伤有关,可能是决策失常的基础。我们使用闭头控制的大鼠皮层冲击(CH-CCI)模型来评估 RmTBI 对风险/回报决策行为概率贴现任务的表现以及 PFC 中儿茶酚胺调节蛋白表达水平的影响。RmTBI对雄性和雌性大鼠的风险选择偏好都产生了短暂的增加,这些影响在雌性大鼠中持续的时间更长。此外,只有雌性大鼠的 RmTBI 增加了 PFC 的眶额区儿茶酚胺合成酶--酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达。这些结果表明,女性更容易受到 rmTBI 引起的风险/回报决策行为紊乱和 OFC 内儿茶酚胺合成失调的影响。总之,利用啮齿动物rmTBI的CH-CCI模型来评估多重损伤对冒险行为和PFC儿茶酚胺调节的影响,可以开始区分mTBI的发生如何影响不同性别的神经病理学结果。
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引用次数: 0
Chronic social defeat stress gives rise to social avoidance through fear learning 慢性社交失败压力通过恐惧学习产生社交回避。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115245
Jinah Lee , Antonio Aubry , Sadiyah Hanif , Itamar S. Grunfeld , Ekaterina Likhtik , Nesha S. Burghardt

Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a widely used rodent model of stress, reliably leads to decreased social interaction in stress susceptible animals. Here, we investigate a role for fear learning in this response using male 129 Sv/Ev mice, a strain that is more vulnerable to CSDS than the commonly used C57BL/6 strain. We first demonstrate that defeated 129 Sv/Ev mice avoid a CD-1 mouse, but not a conspecific, indicating that motivation to socialize is intact in this strain. CD-1 avoidance is characterized by approach behavior that results in running in the opposite direction, activity that is consistent with a threat response. We next test whether CD-1 avoidance is subject to the same behavioral changes found in traditional models of Pavlovian fear conditioning. We find that associative learning occurs across 10 days CSDS, with defeated mice learning to associate the color of the CD-1 coat with threat. This leads to the gradual acquisition of avoidance behavior, a conditioned response that can be extinguished with 7 days of repeated social interaction testing (5 tests/day). Pairing a CD-1 with a tone leads to second-order conditioning, resulting in avoidance of an enclosure without a social target. Finally, we show that social interaction with a conspecific is a highly variable response in defeated mice that may reflect individual differences in generalization of fear to other social targets. Our data indicate that fear conditioning to a social target is a key component of CSDS, implicating the involvement of fear circuits in social avoidance.

慢性社会挫败应激(CSDS)是一种广泛使用的啮齿动物应激模型,它能可靠地导致应激易感动物的社会互动减少。在这里,我们使用雄性 129Sv/Ev 小鼠研究了恐惧学习在这种反应中的作用,这种小鼠比常用的 C57BL/6 品系更容易受到 CSDS 的影响。我们首先证明,被打败的 129Sv/Ev 小鼠会躲避 CD-1 小鼠,但不会躲避同种小鼠,这表明该品系小鼠的社交动机是完整的。CD-1回避的特点是接近行为导致向相反方向奔跑,这种活动与威胁反应一致。我们接下来要测试的是,CD-1 的回避行为是否与传统巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射模型中的行为变化相同。我们发现,联想学习发生在 10 天的 CSDS 期间,被打败的小鼠学会了将 CD-1 外衣的颜色与威胁联系起来。这导致小鼠逐渐获得回避行为,这种条件反应可以通过 7 天的重复社会互动测试(每天 5 次测试)来消除。将 CD-1 与音调配对会产生二阶条件反射,从而导致回避没有社交目标的围栏。最后,我们表明,与同种小鼠的社会互动是败育小鼠的一个高度可变的反应,这可能反映了个体在将恐惧泛化到其他社会目标方面的差异。我们的数据表明,对社交目标的恐惧条件反射是 CSDS 的关键组成部分,这意味着恐惧回路参与了社交回避。
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引用次数: 0
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Behavioural Brain Research
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