Behavioural Brain Research最新文献_第6页

Real-time interpersonal conflict and neural synchronization: An fNIRS hyperscanning study using an interactive Greedy Snake game 实时人际冲突和神经同步：基于交互式贪蛇游戏的fnirs超扫描研究。

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116027

Kang Cao , Mingming Zhang , Heng Tan , Jie Li

Interpersonal conflict is a ubiquitous social interaction phenomenon, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain underspecified within cognitive-neuroscientific frameworks. Guided by the disagreement–interference–negative affect triad, we re-engineered the classic Greedy Snake game to establish two real-time interactive paradigms (Conflict vs. Non-Conflict), thereby operationalizing conflict. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning (fNIRS-hyperscanning), we recorded hemodynamic responses from 52 university student dyads (N = 104) during task execution. After excluding data that did not meet quality standards, 44 dyads were included for neural analysis. Behaviorally, the Conflict paradigm significantly amplified subjective perceptions of goal incongruence and mutual interference, and elicited antagonistic behavior as evidenced by reduced monetary reward allocation, effectively validating the experimental manipulation. Neurally, compared with the Non-Conflict group, the Conflict group elicited stronger oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) responses in the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), with higher inter-brain synchrony (IBS) in these regions. These findings suggest that interpersonal conflict necessitates coordinated cognitive processes, including action observation, cognitive control, and social inference. This study provides novel evidence for multi-brain coordination mechanisms during interpersonal conflict, offering a robust methodological and theoretical framework for social neuroscience.

人际冲突是一种普遍存在的社会互动现象，但其潜在的神经机制在认知神经科学框架内仍未得到充分的阐明。在分歧-干涉-负面影响三合一的指导下，我们重新设计了经典的贪吃蛇游戏，建立了两种实时互动范式（冲突与非冲突），从而将冲突操作化。利用功能性近红外光谱超扫描（fNIRS-hyperscanning）技术，我们记录了52对大学生（N = 104）在执行任务时的血流动力学反应。在排除不符合质量标准的数据后，纳入44对进行神经分析。在行为上，冲突范式显著放大了目标不一致和相互干扰的主观感知，并通过减少金钱奖励分配来引发对抗行为，有效地验证了实验操作。在神经方面，与非冲突组相比，冲突组在左侧额下回（lIFG）、背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）和右侧颞顶叶交界处（rTPJ）引发了更强的氧合血红蛋白（HbO）反应，这些区域的脑间同步（IBS）更高。这些发现表明，人际冲突需要协调的认知过程，包括行为观察、认知控制和社会推断。本研究为人际冲突中的多脑协调机制提供了新的证据，为社会神经科学研究提供了强有力的方法和理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

The suprachiasmatic nucleus-habenula axis: A circadian mechanism for suicide risk and mood dysregulation 视交叉上核-束轴：自杀风险和情绪失调的昼夜机制。

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116025

Angu Bala Ganesh K.S.V. , Amit Kumar Verma , Shreha S.A. , Sujeet Shekhar Sinha , Revathi Boyina , Sreya Kosanam

Suicidal behavior exhibits a striking circadian pattern, with risk clustering in the late-night and pre-dawn hours. Traditional models have attributed this vulnerability to sleep loss or psychosocial factors, yet such explanations fail to capture the precision of its timing. Here, we propose a novel framework in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master circadian clock, interacts with the habenula to generate temporally gated vulnerability to suicidality. The SCN normally entrains habenular excitability, aligning aversive bias with adaptive phases of the day. Disruption of this alignment results in habenular hyperactivity at inappropriate circadian phases, amplifying hopelessness, reward insensitivity, and negative prediction error processing. Anatomical and molecular evidence supports this axis: both regions express core clock genes (e.g., Bmal1, Per2) and exhibit rhythmic activity influencing downstream monoaminergic circuits. When misaligned, the amygdala further exaggerates fear responses while prefrontal cortical control is diminished, creating a triadic circuit of fear, hopelessness, and impaired regulation. This convergence generates a circadian “suicidal vulnerability window,” consistent with epidemiological data. Our framework yields testable predictions, including phase-specific peaks in ideation, time-dependent treatment responses, and neuroimaging signatures of SCN-habenula coupling. Clinically, it reframes suicidality as a temporal disorder of affective circuits, suggesting new avenues for prevention: chronotherapy, phase-specific pharmacology, and biomarker-guided risk stratification. By integrating circadian neuroscience with psychiatry, the SCN-habenula model provides a mechanistic basis for the temporal dynamics of suicide risk and offers a foundation for precision-timed interventions.

自杀行为表现出惊人的昼夜节律模式，风险集中在深夜和黎明前。传统模型将这种脆弱性归因于睡眠不足或心理社会因素，但这种解释未能捕捉到其时间的准确性。在这里，我们提出了一个新的框架，其中视交叉上核（SCN），大脑的主生物钟，与缰核相互作用，产生暂时的自杀脆弱性。SCN通常携带小脑兴奋性，将厌恶偏向与一天中的适应阶段对齐。这种一致性的破坏会导致在不适当的昼夜节律阶段的habenular过度活跃，放大绝望，奖励不敏感和负面预测错误处理。解剖和分子证据支持这一轴：两个区域都表达核心时钟基因（如Bmal1、Per2），并表现出影响下游单胺能回路的节律性活动。当杏仁核错位时，杏仁核会进一步夸大恐惧反应，而前额叶皮层的控制能力则会减弱，从而形成恐惧、绝望和调节能力受损的三合一回路。这种趋同产生了一个昼夜节律的“自杀脆弱性窗口”，与流行病学数据一致。我们的框架产生了可测试的预测，包括特定阶段的峰值，时间依赖性的治疗反应，以及scn -缰核偶联的神经成像特征。在临床上，它将自杀重新定义为情感回路的时间紊乱，提出了新的预防途径：时间疗法、阶段特异性药理学和生物标志物引导的风险分层。通过将昼夜神经科学与精神病学相结合，SCN-habenula模型为自杀风险的时间动态提供了机制基础，并为精确定时干预提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Timing-dependent immune modulation of learning in a long-interval rodent model of anticipatory nausea 在长间隔预期性恶心啮齿动物模型中学习的时间依赖免疫调节

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116026

Indra R. Bishnoi , Vangel M. Matic , Lily Wang , Caitlin T. Ravichandran , Grace Lake , Martin Kavaliers , Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp

Anticipatory nausea is a classically conditioned response to cues that have been associated with a nauseating stimulus. In rodents, anticipatory nausea can be modelled by pairing the novel cue of a distinct context with the toxic effects of lithium chloride (LiCl), which leads to anticipatory nausea responses (e.g. gaping) when exposed to the context alone. Previous work has shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) attenuates LiCl-induced anticipatory nausea. However, these studies use short inter-trial intervals (ITIs), which limits our understanding of how LPS attenuates LiCl-induced anticipatory nausea (e.g., through associative or non-associative mechanisms). We developed a long interval (7-day ITI) rodent model to enhance the translational relevance of anticipatory nausea research and to begin understanding the mechanisms underlying LPS effects. Adult male Long Evans rats were administered LiCl (127 mg/kg) or vehicle control (NaCl) intraperitoneally (i.p.) paired with a 30 min exposure to a distinct context for 4 conditioning trials at 7-day intervals. Rats were administered either LPS or NaCl (200 μg/kg, i.p.) immediately after the conditioning trials (post-conditioning) or LPS 90 mins prior to the conditioning trials (pre-conditioning). These trials were followed by 4 drug-free test/extinction trials. LiCl induced significant conditioned gaping responses with long ITIs. Pre-conditioning LPS robustly attenuated conditioned gaping. For post-conditioning LPS, we did not detect an attenuation using the long interval model. The use of long ITIs enabled the assessment of the temporally dependent effects of LPS on anticipatory nausea. These findings advance current models of anticipatory nausea and highlight new directions for investigating the immune modulation of nausea-related behaviours.

预期性恶心是对与恶心刺激有关的线索的典型条件反射。在啮齿类动物中，预期性恶心可以通过将独特环境的新线索与氯化锂（LiCl）的毒性作用配对来模拟，氯化锂（LiCl）在单独暴露于环境时导致预期性恶心反应（例如张大嘴巴）。先前的研究表明，脂多糖（LPS）可以减轻licl诱导的预期性恶心。然而，这些研究使用了较短的试验间隔（ITIs），这限制了我们对LPS如何减轻licl诱导的预期性恶心的理解（例如，通过关联或非关联机制）。我们建立了一个长间隔（7天）的啮齿动物模型，以增强预期性恶心研究的翻译相关性，并开始了解LPS效应的潜在机制。成年雄性Long Evans大鼠腹腔注射LiCl（127 mg/kg）或对照物（NaCl），同时在不同环境中暴露30 min，每隔7天进行4次条件作用试验。大鼠分别在条件作用后立即或在条件作用前90 min给予LPS或NaCl（200 μg/kg, i.p.）。这些试验之后进行了4次无药试验/灭绝试验。LiCl诱导了明显的条条性张开反应。预处理LPS可有效地减弱条节性间隙。对于后处理LPS，我们没有使用长间隔模型检测到衰减。使用长时间的实验可以评估LPS对预期性恶心的时间依赖性作用。这些发现促进了预期性恶心的现有模型，并强调了研究恶心相关行为的免疫调节的新方向。

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引用次数: 0

Neurobehavioral and reinforcing effects of pregabalin in mice 普瑞巴林对小鼠的神经行为和强化作用。

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116024

Laurene Dufayet , Dominique Vodovar , Jacques Callebert , Bruno Mégarbane , Nadia Benturquia

Pregabalin misuse is increasing, but its psychostimulant and rewarding properties remain unclear, especially regarding sex differences and interactions with opioids. The objectives of this study are to investigate pregabalin’s behavioral and neurochemical effects in male and female mice, including its impact on cognition, social interaction, reinforcement, and cross-sensitization with morphine. CD-1 mice received pregabalin (30–90 mg/kg, i.p.) acutely or for 5 days. Locomotor activity, Y-maze performance, social behavior, and conditioned place preference (CPP) were assessed. Brain monoamine levels were quantified by HPLC. A D1 dopamine receptor antagonist (SCH 23390) was used to explore dopaminergic involvement. Morphine CPP was tested after pregabalin pretreatment. Results showed that in male mice, acute pregabalin induced transient hyperlocomotion and rewarding effects in CPP test, both associated with increased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. No psychostimulant or reinforcing effects were observed in female mice. Pregabalin had no impact on memory or general social behavior, though a subset of males displayed aggression, coinciding with elevated serotonin and norepinephrine. Repeated pregabalin dosing produced tolerance without sensitization. Blocking D1 receptors abolished pregabalin-induced CPP. Importantly, pregabalin pretreatment enhanced morphine-induced CPP, suggesting cross-sensitization. Conclusions indicate that pregabalin exerts sex-specific stimulant and rewarding effects in mice, driven by dopaminergic signaling. Its ability to potentiate morphine’s rewarding properties raises concern about abuse potential, particularly in opioid-exposed individuals. These findings highlight the need to consider sex as a biological variable when assessing the addictive risk of pregabalin.

普瑞巴林的滥用正在增加，但其精神兴奋剂和奖励特性仍不清楚，特别是关于性别差异和与阿片类药物的相互作用。本研究的目的是研究普瑞巴林对雄性和雌性小鼠的行为和神经化学作用，包括其对认知、社会互动、强化和与吗啡交叉致敏的影响。CD-1小鼠急性或连续5天给予普瑞巴林（30-90mg/kg, ig）。评估运动活动、y迷宫表现、社会行为和条件位置偏好（CPP）。高效液相色谱法测定脑单胺含量。D1多巴胺受体拮抗剂（SCH 23390）用于探索多巴胺能参与。普瑞巴林预处理后检测吗啡CPP。结果表明，急性普瑞巴林诱导雄性小鼠短暂性运动亢进，CPP测试中出现奖励效应，均与前额叶皮层和纹状体多巴胺增加有关。在雌性小鼠中未观察到精神刺激或强化作用。普瑞巴林对记忆力或一般社会行为没有影响，尽管一小部分男性表现出攻击性，与血清素和去甲肾上腺素升高相一致。重复给药普瑞巴林产生耐受性而不致敏。阻断D1受体可消除普瑞巴林诱导的CPP。重要的是，普瑞巴林预处理增强吗啡诱导的CPP，提示交叉致敏。结论表明普瑞巴林在多巴胺能信号的驱动下对小鼠具有性别特异性的兴奋和奖励作用。它增强吗啡奖励特性的能力引起了人们对滥用可能性的担忧，特别是在阿片类药物暴露的个体中。这些发现强调，在评估普瑞巴林成瘾风险时，需要将性别作为一个生物学变量来考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Brain gray matter volumes and age-related changes in visual episodic memory: Insights from the benson complex figure test 脑灰质体积和视觉情景记忆的年龄相关变化：来自Benson复杂图形测试的见解。

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116022

Maryam Bahri , Hassan Farrahi , Maede Bahri , Hami Mahdavinataj , Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli

The visual aspect of episodic memory is essential for the formation of rich narratives of life experiences, but it diminishes as a natural consequence of aging. Thus, pinpointing the brain structures that underlie age-related changes in visual episodic memory will deepen our understanding of how normal aging impacts memory at the neural level. The current study included data from a sample of 252 healthy volunteers from the Iranian brain imaging database (IBID). The participants were aged between 20 and 70 years. The Benson Complex Figure Test (BCFT) was used. Also, structural imaging using a 3 T MRI scanner, was performed, resulting in 85 gray matter volumes. Also, mediation analyses were used to investigate the role of gray matter volumes in the relationship between age and visual episodic memory. The correlation analysis revealed that increasing age was associated with smaller brain volumes in 80 gray matter regions identified and with poorer scores on the copy, recall, and recognition tasks of the Benson Complex Figure Test. Also, visual episodic memory performance on copying and recall tasks showed positive associations with GMV in 3 and 27 particular brain regions. The mediation analysis showed that the GMV in the left medial orbitofrontal, right putamen, and right accumbens areas mediate the age-related differences in recall in the visual episodic memory. Understanding these underlying neural mechanisms can inform the development of targeted diagnostic tools and cognitive interventions aimed at maintaining or enhancing memory function in aging individuals, ultimately improving quality of life. These findings contribute valuable insights to the study of brain aging, memory, and neurodegenerative risk, potentially guiding future research on age-related cognitive decline.

情景记忆的视觉方面对于形成丰富的生活经历叙事至关重要，但随着年龄的增长，它会自然减弱。因此，精确定位视觉情景记忆中与年龄相关的变化背后的大脑结构，将加深我们对正常衰老如何在神经水平上影响记忆的理解。目前的研究包括来自伊朗脑成像数据库（IBID）的252名健康志愿者样本的数据。参与者的年龄在20到70岁之间。采用Benson复形测验（BCFT）。此外，使用3T MRI扫描仪进行结构成像，结果显示灰质体积为85。此外，我们还采用中介分析来研究灰质体积在年龄和视觉情景记忆之间的关系中的作用。相关分析显示，年龄的增长与80个灰质区域的脑容量变小有关，并且与本森复杂图形测试的复制、回忆和识别任务的得分较低有关。此外，在复制和回忆任务中的视觉情景记忆表现与GMV在3和27个特定脑区呈正相关。中介分析表明，左侧内侧眶额区、右侧壳核区和右侧伏隔区的GMV介导了视觉情景记忆中与年龄相关的回忆差异。了解这些潜在的神经机制可以为有针对性的诊断工具和认知干预的发展提供信息，旨在维持或增强老年人的记忆功能，最终提高生活质量。这些发现为大脑衰老、记忆和神经退行性风险的研究提供了有价值的见解，可能指导未来与年龄相关的认知衰退的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Maternal exercise during pregnancy mitigates behavioral and morphological deficits induced by early-life stress 母亲在怀孕期间的运动减轻行为和形态缺陷引起的早期生活压力

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116021

Jansen Fernandes , Eduardo Alves da Silva , Glauber Menezes Lopim , Christiane Gimenes , Kil Sun Lee , Ricardo Mario Arida

Maternal separation (MS) is a widely used model of early-life stress that induces long-lasting behavioral and neurobiological alterations in offspring. Maternal exercise during pregnancy has been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy to counteract these adverse effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to either a sedentary or exercise group, with the exercise group having free access to a running wheel throughout pregnancy. Offspring were divided into four experimental groups: offspring of sedentary mothers without MS (SedMS−), offspring of sedentary mothers with MS (SedMS+), offspring of exercised mothers without MS (ExMS−), and offspring of exercised mothers with MS (ExMS+). Behavioral assessments, conducted in adulthood starting at postnatal day 90 (P90), included the open field, elevated plus maze, forced swim test, and contextual fear conditioning. Morphological analysis of the hippocampus was performed using isotropic fractionation to quantify total neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Epigenetic changes were evaluated through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using anti-acetylated histone H3 and H4, followed by amplification of bdnf exons IV and VI. Maternal separation increased depressive-like behavior and impaired hippocampus-dependent memory, effects that were attenuated by maternal exercise. MS also elevated non-neuronal cell numbers and reduced neuronal cells in the hippocampus, whereas prenatal exercise reversed these alterations. No significant group differences were found in histone acetylation at the Bdnf loci examined. Maternal exercise during pregnancy mitigates behavioral and morphological deficits induced by early-life stress, supporting its neuroprotective role in preserving hippocampal integrity and function. Although no significant epigenetic changes were detected, these findings suggest that maternal physical activity may be a promising intervention to mitigate the long-term neurobiological consequences of early-life adversity.

母亲分离（MS）是一种广泛使用的早期生活压力模型，它会引起后代长期的行为和神经生物学改变。孕妇在怀孕期间运动已被提出作为一种非药物策略来抵消这些不利影响。怀孕的Wistar大鼠被分为久坐组和运动组，运动组在怀孕期间可以自由使用跑步轮。后代被分为四个实验组：无MS的久坐母亲的后代（SedMS -）， MS的久坐母亲的后代（SedMS+），无MS的运动母亲的后代（ExMS -）和MS的运动母亲的后代（ExMS+）。从出生后第90天（P90）开始，在成年期进行行为评估，包括开阔场地、高架加迷宫、强迫游泳测试和情境恐惧条件反射。采用各向同性分馏法对海马进行形态学分析，以量化总神经元细胞和非神经元细胞。使用抗乙酰化组蛋白H3和H4，通过染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）评估表观遗传变化，随后扩增bdnf外显子IV和VI。母亲分离增加抑郁样行为和海马依赖记忆受损，这些影响通过母亲运动减弱。多发性硬化症还增加了海马体内的非神经元细胞数量，减少了神经元细胞，而产前锻炼逆转了这些改变。Bdnf位点组蛋白乙酰化未见组间显著差异。孕妇在怀孕期间的运动减轻了早期生活压力引起的行为和形态缺陷，支持其在保持海马完整性和功能方面的神经保护作用。虽然没有发现明显的表观遗传变化，但这些发现表明，母亲的体育活动可能是一种有希望的干预措施，可以减轻早期生活逆境的长期神经生物学后果。

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引用次数: 0

Core networks related disrupted effective connectivity and relationship with sleep disturbances in internet gaming disorder 核心网络的有效连接中断与网络游戏障碍患者睡眠障碍的关系

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116023

Longyao Ma , Bohui Mei , Xinqi Li , Mengzhe Zhang , Hui Zhang , Jiawen Tian , Hongyu Zhang , Yan Lang , Yarui Wei , Shaoqiang Han , Jingliang Cheng , Yong Zhang

Background

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by increased gaming cravings and sleep disturbances. However, previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between undirected connections among brain regions and IGD features, and rarely reported on directed connections among networks.

Methods

This study, based on 66 male IGD subjects and 53 healthy controls (HCs), assessed the effective connectivity (EC) differences of intra- and inter-networks for each subject using spectral dynamic causal modeling from eight interest regions (ROI) in the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), executive control (ECN), and cerebellum networks. The Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) framework was used to identify the difference between the two groups. In addition, the mediating role of significant differential EC between IGD severity and sleep quality was further explored.

Results

This study observed that four brain networks across HC and IGD subjects showed similarities EC patterns. Compared IGD subjects to healthy controls, abnormal EC in the bottom-up (cerebellum-SN-DMN-ECN) loop was most significantly altered. More importantly, mediation analysis showed that the EC from the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) partially mediated the impact of IGD severity on sleep quality.

Conclusions

This study revealed the disrupted neural causality among DMN, SN, ECN, and cerebellum in IGD subjects and emphasized the potential of DMN-SN interaction in studying sleep disturbances in IGD, which amplify the pathophysiological mechanisms and explain the pathological gaming behaviors of IGD subjects.

网络游戏障碍（IGD）的特征是对游戏的渴望增加和睡眠障碍。然而，以往的研究主要集中在脑区域间的无向连接与IGD特征之间的关系，很少有关于网络间定向连接的报道。方法本研究以66名男性IGD受试者和53名健康对照（hc）为研究对象，采用光谱动态因果模型，从默认模式（DMN）、显著性（SN）、执行控制（ECN）和小脑网络的8个兴趣区（ROI）评估每个受试者内部和内部网络的有效连通性（EC）差异。使用参数经验贝叶斯（PEB）框架来识别两组之间的差异。此外，我们还进一步探讨了显著差异EC在IGD严重程度与睡眠质量之间的中介作用。结果研究发现，HC和IGD受试者的四个脑网络具有相似的脑电模式。与健康对照相比，IGD受试者中自下而上（小脑- sn - dmn - ecn）回路异常EC的改变最为显著。更重要的是，中介分析表明，从内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC）到前扣带皮层（ACC）的EC部分介导了IGD严重程度对睡眠质量的影响。结论本研究揭示了IGD患者DMN、SN、ECN和小脑之间的神经因果关系的破坏，并强调了DMN-SN相互作用在研究IGD睡眠障碍中的潜力，其放大了IGD患者的病理生理机制，解释了IGD患者的病理性游戏行为。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of body size estimation: A systematic review and narrative synthesis 体型估计的神经关联：系统回顾与叙事综合

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116020

Hayden J. Peel , Akansha M. Naraindas , Joyce Guo , Valentina Cazzato , Jamie D. Feusner

Inaccurate body size estimation (BSE), the discrepancy between an individual's actual and perceived body size and shape, is observed not only in clinical conditions like eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder but also in healthy individuals. Understanding the neural mechanisms that support BSE is timely, given growing interest in perceptual biases and their potential relevance for identifying mechanisms that may be disrupted in clinical populations. However, the field has an incomplete understanding of brain systems functionally involved in BSE ability. To address this, we performed a systematic review, accompanied by a narrative synthesis, to identify brain regions associated with BSE across studies of healthy individuals. Studies using functional neuroimaging were selected if they elicited BSE with a task, contrasted BSE with a control task, and used whole-brain analyses (rather than being restricted to a priori regions of interest). This yielded a set of nine functional magnetic resonance imaging papers. There is relatively consistent involvement of ventral (fusiform/occipitotemporal regions) and dorsal (intraparietal areas) visual pathways, and discrete regions of the prefrontal cortex, suggesting recurring engagement of perceptual and higher-order cognitive systems during BSE. However, current knowledge is limited by the small number and heterogeneity of available studies. We identify both consistent and variable neural correlates of BSE, offering refined targets for future investigations of BSE in clinical populations. Based on these findings, we additionally provide specific suggestions for improving neuroimaging task design for future studies.

不准确的体型估计（BSE），即个体的实际体型和感知体型之间的差异，不仅在饮食失调和身体畸形症等临床疾病中观察到，而且在健康个体中也观察到。了解支持疯牛病的神经机制是及时的，因为人们对感知偏差越来越感兴趣，并且它们与识别可能在临床人群中被破坏的机制有潜在的相关性。然而，该领域对涉及疯牛病能力的脑系统功能的了解并不完全。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了一项系统综述，并辅以叙事综合，以确定健康个体研究中与疯牛病相关的大脑区域。如果使用功能性神经成像的研究在任务中引发疯牛病，将疯牛病与对照任务进行对比，并使用全脑分析（而不是局限于感兴趣的先验区域），则选择使用功能神经成像的研究。这产生了一组九篇功能磁共振成像论文。有相对一致的腹侧（梭状/枕颞区）和背侧（顶叶内区）视觉通路，以及前额皮质的离散区域参与，表明在BSE期间反复参与知觉和高阶认知系统。然而，目前的知识受到可用研究数量少和异质性的限制。我们确定了疯牛病的一致和可变的神经相关因素，为将来在临床人群中研究疯牛病提供了精确的目标。基于这些发现，我们还提出了改进神经影像学任务设计的具体建议，以供今后的研究参考。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental differences in reward-learning and its connection to resting-state functional connectivity modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian model 奖励学习的发展差异及其与静息状态功能连通性的联系，采用层次贝叶斯模型。

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116008

Zsofia Karlocai , Johan Vegelius , Ebba Widegren , Johan Lundin Kleberg , David Fällmar , Nils B. Kroemer , Malin Gingnell , Andreas Frick

Adolescence is a period of heightened sensation-seeking, risk-taking, and reward sensitivity, characterized by structural and functional changes in the brain. Developmental changes in functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical regions may refine communication within reward-related circuitry, influencing learning and decision-making. Here, we compared reinforcement learning behavior and its relationship to resting-state functional connectivity in reward-related circuits in adolescents and adults. Fifty-eight healthy participants (32 adolescents aged 13–16; 26 adults aged 30–40) completed a probabilistic two-armed bandit task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The learning-related parameters learning rate (α) and inverse temperature (β, an index of the randomness of choices) and their relationship to functional connectivity were modeled from behavioral data using Q learning in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. In the whole sample, learning rate was associated with functional connectivity in several cortico-subcortical pathways, particularly involving the anterior cingulate cortex. Adolescents exhibited lower learning rate and inverse temperature values than adults and had a stronger association between learning rate and fronto-striatal connectivity. Adolescents also showed less tendency to stay with winning options in the task, defined as the proportion of trials where participants repeated the previous choice after a reward. These findings highlight the involvement of the ACC in reward learning and indicate that behavior in a reinforcement learning context is characterized by reduced feedback-driven learning and more variable choice behavior or greater exploration in adolescents compared to adults, and suggest that adolescents rely more on fronto-striatal connectivity during learning.

青春期是一个寻求刺激、冒险和奖励敏感的时期，以大脑结构和功能的变化为特征。皮层和皮层下区域之间功能连接的发育变化可能会改善奖励相关电路中的交流，影响学习和决策。在这里，我们比较了青少年和成人的强化学习行为及其与奖励相关回路中静息状态功能连接的关系。58名健康参与者（32名13-16岁的青少年；26名30-40岁的成年人）完成了概率双臂强盗任务和静息状态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）。利用分层贝叶斯框架中的Q学习，从行为数据中建立了学习相关参数学习率（α）和逆温度（β，选择随机性指标）及其与功能连通性的关系。在整个样本中，学习率与几个皮质-皮质下通路的功能连通性有关，特别是涉及前扣带皮层。青少年表现出较低的学习速率和反温值，且学习速率与额纹状体连通性之间存在较强的关联。青少年也表现出较少倾向于在任务中坚持获胜选项，即参与者在获得奖励后重复之前选择的试验比例。这些发现强调了前扣带皮层在奖励学习中的作用，并表明在强化学习环境下，青少年的行为特征是反馈驱动学习减少，选择行为更可变或探索更多，并表明青少年在学习过程中更多地依赖额纹状体连接。

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引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota mediated neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders: Current perspectives and challenges 肠道微生物群介导的精神疾病神经炎症：当前的观点和挑战。

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.116019

Anushka Nayak, Suranjana Bera, Samprikta Purohit, Chakresh Kumar Jain

Psychiatric disorders remain a major global health concern, with complex diagnostic criteria and a lack of clear biological markers that continue to challenge therapeutic strategies. Current treatment methods, such as psychotherapy, brain stimulation therapy, and pharmacological interventions, often come with their own set of side effects, thus warranting the need to explore alternative approaches. Emerging research highlights the gut brain axis (GBA) and gut microbiota (GM) as key modulators of brain health and disease. Dysbiosis, a disruption in gut microbial composition, can influence blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immune signaling, and microbial metabolite production, collectively modulating neuroimmune homeostasis and contributing to the onset of neuroinflammation. While growing preclinical and clinical evidence links altered GM to depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), causal relationships remain incompletely defined. This review examines the established and emerging mechanisms connecting the GM to neuroinflammation underlying psychiatric disorders and evaluates current microbiome targeted interventions, such as diet based strategies, probiotics, next generation probiotics (NGPs), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We also discuss speculative microbiome engineering approaches and highlight translational limitations that must be addressed before clinical implementation. A holistic approach integrating these strategies with conventional psychiatric treatments could facilitate more effective and personalized interventions.

精神疾病仍然是一个主要的全球健康问题，诊断标准复杂，缺乏明确的生物标志物，继续挑战治疗策略。目前的治疗方法，如心理治疗、脑刺激疗法和药物干预，往往有自己的一套副作用，因此有必要探索替代方法。新兴研究强调肠道脑轴（GBA）和肠道微生物群（GM）是大脑健康和疾病的关键调节剂。生态失调是肠道微生物组成的一种破坏，可以影响血脑屏障（BBB）的完整性、免疫信号和微生物代谢物的产生，共同调节神经免疫稳态并导致神经炎症的发生。虽然越来越多的临床前和临床证据表明转基因基因改变与抑郁、焦虑、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍（BD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）有关，但因果关系仍不完全明确。本文综述了将转基因与精神疾病的神经炎症联系起来的已建立的和新兴的机制，并评估了目前针对微生物组的干预措施，如基于饮食的策略、益生菌、下一代益生菌（NGPs）和粪便微生物群移植（FMT）。我们还讨论了推测的微生物组工程方法，并强调了在临床实施之前必须解决的翻译限制。将这些策略与传统精神治疗相结合的整体方法可以促进更有效和个性化的干预。

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引用次数: 0