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Comparison of short- and long-term effects of neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation on the motor learning in healthy adults 比较神经反馈和经颅电刺激对健康成年人运动学习的短期和长期影响。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115263
Sara Rezaei, Roya Khanmohammadi
<div><div>Researchers are exploring non-invasive neuromodulation techniques like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and neurofeedback (NFB) for enhancing motor learning. While tDCS modulates brain excitability using exogenous electric fields, NFB is an endogenous brain stimulation technique that enables individuals to regulate brain excitability in a closed-loop system. Despite their differing mechanisms, a direct comparison of their effects on motor learning is lacking. This study aimed to compare tDCS and NFB on online learning, short-term offline learning, and long-term offline learning in healthy participants, seeking to identify the most effective method for motor learning enhancement. In this parallel, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial, 100 healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of five groups: real tDCS, sham tDCS, real NFB, sham NFB, and passive control. Primary outcomes included normalized reaction time (NRT), normalized response accuracy (NRA), and normalized skill index (NSI), measured through a serial reaction time task. Secondary outcomes involved physical and mental fatigue, assessed using a visual analog scale. The study involved 14 blocks of 80 trials each. Online learning was assessed by changes in NRT, NRA, and NSI between Block 3 and Block 9. Short-term and long-term offline learning were evaluated by changes in these measures between Block 9 and Block 11, and between Block 9 and Block 13, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>showed a significant decrease in NRA in the sham tDCS and passive control groups from block 3–9, with no changes in other groups. NRT significantly decreased in all intervention groups from block 9–11, with no change in the control group. The NSI significantly increased across all intervention groups between blocks 9 and 11, with large to very large effect sizes, while the passive control group saw a medium effect size increase. Furthermore, NRA significantly increased in the real NFB and real tDCS groups from block 9 to block 13. NRT also significantly decreased in all intervention groups when comparing block 13 to block 9, while the passive control group showed no significant changes. Notably, the reduction in NRT from block 9 to block 13 was significantly greater in the real tDCS group than in the control group, with a mean difference of 0.087 (95 % CI: 0.004–0.169, p = 0.031). Additionally, NSI significantly increased in all intervention groups except the control group from block 9 to block 13.</div><div>In conclusion, neither NFB nor tDCS had a significant positive impact on online learning. However, both real and sham versions of tDCS and NFB resulted in notable improvements in short-term offline learning. The difference in improvement between NFB and tDCS, as well as between real and sham interventions, was not statistically significant, suggesting that the placebo effect may play a significant role in enhancing short-term offline learning. For long-t
研究人员正在探索经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)和神经反馈(NFB)等非侵入性神经调节技术,以提高运动学习能力。经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)利用外源性电场调节大脑兴奋性,而神经反馈(NFB)则是一种内源性大脑刺激技术,可使个体在闭环系统中调节大脑兴奋性。尽管它们的机制不同,但目前还缺乏直接比较它们对运动学习影响的研究。本研究旨在比较 tDCS 和 NFB 对健康参与者的在线学习、短期离线学习和长期离线学习的影响,从而找出增强运动学习能力的最有效方法。在这项平行、随机、单盲、对照试验中,100 名健康参与者被随机分配到五组中的一组:真实 tDCS 组、假 tDCS 组、真实 NFB 组、假 NFB 组和被动对照组。主要结果包括归一化反应时间 (NRT)、归一化反应准确性 (NRA) 和归一化技能指数 (NSI),通过连续反应时间任务进行测量。次要结果包括身体和精神疲劳度,使用视觉模拟量表进行评估。研究包括 14 个区块,每个区块 80 次试验。在线学习通过第 3 块和第 9 块之间 NRT、NRA 和 NSI 的变化进行评估。短期和长期离线学习分别通过第 9 块和第 11 块之间以及第 9 块和第 13 块之间这些指标的变化进行评估。结果:结果显示,从第 3 到第 9 个区段,假 tDCS 组和被动对照组的 NRA 显著下降,其他组没有变化。从区段 9 到区段 11,所有干预组的 NRT 都明显下降,对照组没有变化。从第 9 到第 11 个区段,所有干预组的 NSI 都有明显增加,效应量从大到非常大,而被动对照组的效应量增加幅度为中等。此外,从第 9 个区段到第 13 个区段,真实 NFB 和真实 tDCS 组的 NRA 显著增加。将第 13 个区段与第 9 个区段相比,所有干预组的 NRT 也明显下降,而被动对照组则无明显变化。值得注意的是,从区块 9 到区块 13,真实 tDCS 组的 NRT 下降幅度明显大于对照组,平均差异为 0.087(95% CI:0.004-0.169,p = 0.031)。此外,除对照组外,所有干预组的 NSI 从第 9 个区段到第 13 个区段都明显增加。总之,NFB 和 tDCS 对在线学习都没有明显的积极影响。然而,tDCS 和 NFB 的真实和虚假版本都明显改善了短期离线学习。NFB和tDCS之间以及真实干预和假干预之间的改善差异在统计学上并不显著,这表明安慰剂效应可能在促进短期离线学习方面发挥了重要作用。对于长期离线学习,两种脑刺激方法,尤其是 tDCS,都显示出了积极的效果,尽管安慰剂效应似乎也起到了一定的作用。
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引用次数: 0
AI-assisted 3D analysis of grasping and reaching behavior of squirrel monkeys during recovery from cervical spinal cord injury 人工智能辅助三维分析松鼠猴在颈椎脊髓损伤恢复期的抓握和伸手行为。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115265
Daniela Hernandez Duque , Pai-Feng Yang , John C. Gore , Li Min Chen
We have previously demonstrated that machine learning-based video analysis, conducted via DeepLabCut, is more sensitive for detecting subtle deficits in hand grasping behavior than traditional end-point performance assessments. This superiority was observed in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of cervical spinal cord injury, specifically a dorsal column lesion (DCL). The current study aims to further characterize the kinematic aspects of the deficits in hand reaching, grasping, and retrieving behavior from a 3D perspective following a DCL. Squirrel monkeys were trained to retrieve sugar pellets from eight wells, which were located either on a flat plate or a raised tube with varying well depths. This setup was designed to require coordinated finger movements during the task. Immediately after the DCL, the animals exhibited measurable behavioral deficits. These were characterized by significant increases in grasping speed squared and trial completion time, markedly widened movement trajectories of individual fingers, and abnormalities in inter-finger distance and orientation. Increased task difficulty was associated with more pronounced behavioral deficits. By three months post-DCL, video-based measurements indicated no significant recovery, even though global end-point performance had returned to baseline levels. Our findings demonstrate that deprivation of tactile information results in impaired dexterous hand behavior involving coordinated finger movements, and the impairment is sustained for 20 weeks. This spinal cord injury (SCI) model, along with DeepLapCut analysis, provides a valuable platform for separately evaluating sensory and motor functions and their contributions to dexterous hand behavior and may be used for evaluating therapeutic interventions using more sensitive behavioral outcome readouts.
我们之前已经证明,通过 DeepLabCut 进行的基于机器学习的视频分析在检测手部抓握行为的细微缺陷方面比传统的终点性能评估更灵敏。在非人灵长类动物(NHP)颈脊髓损伤模型(特别是背柱损伤(DCL))中观察到了这一优势。目前的研究旨在从三维角度进一步说明 DCL 后手部伸展、抓握和检索行为障碍的运动学特征。训练松鼠猴从八个井中取出糖丸,这八个井分别位于一个平板上或一个井深不同的凸起管中。这种设置的目的是要求松鼠猴在执行任务时协调手指动作。接受 DCL 后,动物立即表现出可测量的行为障碍。其特点是抓取速度平方和试验完成时间明显增加,单个手指的运动轨迹明显变宽,手指间距离和方向异常。任务难度的增加与更明显的行为缺陷有关。DCL后三个月,基于视频的测量结果表明,尽管总体终点表现已恢复到基线水平,但仍无明显恢复。我们的研究结果表明,剥夺触觉信息会导致涉及手指协调运动的手部灵巧行为受损,而且这种损伤会持续 20 周。这种脊髓损伤(SCI)模型以及 DeepLapCut 分析为分别评估感觉和运动功能及其对灵巧手行为的贡献提供了一个宝贵的平台,并可用于评估使用更灵敏的行为结果读数进行的治疗干预。
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引用次数: 0
miR-124 mediates the effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on brain function in chronic stressed mice miR-124 介导肠道微生物菌群失调对慢性应激小鼠大脑功能的影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115262
Hui Chen , Wen Ouyang , Xiaoyu Cui , Xin Ma , Shanshan Hu , Wenxiang Qing , Jianbin Tong

The gut microbiota plays a key role in the brain function impairment caused by chronic stress, yet its exact mechanism remains unclear. Many studies have revealed the important role of miR-124 in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, previous studies have indicated that miR-124 may be regulated by chronic stress and gut microbiota. Here, we aimed to explore whether miR-124 serves as a mediator for the impacts of gut microbial dysbiosis on brain function in mice subjected to chronic stress. Repeated daily restraint stress for 4 weeks was used to induce chronic stress in mice. Chronic stress resulted in gut microbial dysbiosis, abnormal behaviors, and a decrease in hippocampal miR-124 levels. Treatment with different probiotic mixtures significantly alleviated the effects of chronic stress on hippocampal miR-124 levels and mouse behaviors. Suppression of hippocampal miR-124 expression reversed the beneficial effects of probiotics on cognitive function, neurogenesis, and related molecular markers in chronically stressed mice. Bioinformatics analysis and qPCR suggested that Ptpn11 might be a target gene for miR-124 in mediating the effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on brain function in these mice. These findings suggest that miR-124 is a pivotal regulator that mediates the detrimental effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on brain function and the subsequent cognitive impairment during chronic stress.

肠道微生物群在慢性压力导致的大脑功能损伤中起着关键作用,但其确切机制仍不清楚。许多研究揭示了 miR-124 在中枢神经系统中的重要作用。同时,以往的研究表明,miR-124 可能受慢性应激和肠道微生物群的调控。在此,我们旨在探讨 miR-124 是否是肠道微生物菌群失调对慢性应激小鼠脑功能影响的介导因子。我们用每天重复4周的束缚应激来诱导小鼠承受慢性应激。慢性应激导致肠道微生物菌群失调、行为异常和海马miR-124水平下降。用不同的益生菌混合物治疗能明显减轻慢性应激对海马miR-124水平和小鼠行为的影响。抑制海马miR-124的表达逆转了益生菌对慢性应激小鼠认知功能、神经发生和相关分子标记物的有益影响。生物信息学分析和qPCR表明,Ptpn11可能是miR-124介导肠道微生物菌群失调对这些小鼠脑功能影响的靶基因。这些发现表明,在慢性应激过程中,miR-124 是介导肠道微生物菌群失调对大脑功能的有害影响以及随后的认知障碍的关键调节因子。
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引用次数: 0
In silico analysis predicts mutational consequences of CITED2, NUDT4, and Ar18B in patients with bipolar disorder 硅学分析预测双相情感障碍患者中 CITED2、NUDT4 和 Ar18B 的突变后果
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115257
Harshita Maheshwari, Prekshi Garg, Prachi Srivastava

Bipolar disorder is a mood-related disorder, which can be portrayed as extreme shifts in energy, mood, and activity levels which can also be characterized by manic highs and depressive lows that can be often misdiagnosed as unipolar disorder due to primitive diagnostics techniques based on clinical assessments as well as diagnostic complexities arising due to its heterogeneous nature and overlapping symptoms with conditions like schizophrenia. leading to delays in treatment Strong evidence in support of genetic and epigenetic aspects of bipolar disorder, including mechanisms such as compromised hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune-inflammatory imbalances, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are found. Moreover, some previous research has already stated the role of genes like CITED2, NUDT4, and Arl8B in these processes. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the involvement of the genes in exploring and validating their potential as biomarkers for bipolar disorder. In silico tools like MutationTaster, PolyPhen2, SIFT, GTEx, PhenoScanner, and RegulomeDB were used to perform mutational and gene expression analyses. Results revealed potentially dangerous mutations caused in CITED2, NUDT4, and Arl8B, those which can have diverse outcomes. RegulomeDB, GTEx, and PhenoScanner reveal the involvement of these genes in various brain regions highlighting their relevance to bipolar disorder. This analysis suggests the potential utility of CITED2, NUDT4, and Arl8B as diagnostic markers hence shedding light on their roles to elaborate the molecular range of bipolar disorder. The study also contributes to providing valuable insights into the genetic and molecular basis of bipolar disorders.

双相情感障碍是一种与情绪有关的疾病,表现为精力、情绪和活动水平的极端变化,也可表现为躁狂高涨和抑郁低落,由于基于临床评估的原始诊断技术以及其异质性和与精神分裂症等疾病的重叠症状所导致的诊断复杂性,双相情感障碍常常被误诊为单相情感障碍。双相情感障碍的遗传学和表观遗传学因素,包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴受损、免疫-炎症失衡、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍等机制,都是双相情感障碍的有力证据。此外,之前的一些研究已经指出了 CITED2、NUDT4 和 Arl8B 等基因在这些过程中的作用。本研究的主要目的是调查这些基因的参与情况,探索和验证它们作为躁郁症生物标志物的潜力。研究人员使用了 MutationTaster、PolyPhen2、SIFT、GTEx、PhenoScanner 和 RegulomeDB 等硅学工具来进行基因突变和基因表达分析。结果显示,CITED2、NUDT4 和 Arl8B 中的基因突变具有潜在的危险性,这些突变可能会导致不同的结果。RegulomeDB、GTEx和PhenoScanner揭示了这些基因在不同脑区的参与情况,突出了它们与双相情感障碍的相关性。这项分析表明了 CITED2、NUDT4 和 Arl8B 作为诊断标志物的潜在用途,从而揭示了它们在阐明双相情感障碍分子范围方面的作用。这项研究还有助于为双相情感障碍的遗传和分子基础提供有价值的见解。
{"title":"In silico analysis predicts mutational consequences of CITED2, NUDT4, and Ar18B in patients with bipolar disorder","authors":"Harshita Maheshwari,&nbsp;Prekshi Garg,&nbsp;Prachi Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bipolar disorder is a mood-related disorder, which can be portrayed as extreme shifts in energy, mood, and activity levels which can also be characterized by manic highs and depressive lows that can be often misdiagnosed as unipolar disorder due to primitive diagnostics techniques based on clinical assessments as well as diagnostic complexities arising due to its heterogeneous nature and overlapping symptoms with conditions like schizophrenia. leading to delays in treatment Strong evidence in support of genetic and epigenetic aspects of bipolar disorder, including mechanisms such as compromised hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune-inflammatory imbalances, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are found. Moreover, some previous research has already stated the role of genes like CITED2, NUDT4, and Arl8B in these processes. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the involvement of the genes in exploring and validating their potential as biomarkers for bipolar disorder. In silico tools like MutationTaster, PolyPhen2, SIFT, GTEx, PhenoScanner, and RegulomeDB were used to perform mutational and gene expression analyses. Results revealed potentially dangerous mutations caused in CITED2, NUDT4, and Arl8B, those which can have diverse outcomes. RegulomeDB, GTEx, and PhenoScanner reveal the involvement of these genes in various brain regions highlighting their relevance to bipolar disorder. This analysis suggests the potential utility of CITED2, NUDT4, and Arl8B as diagnostic markers hence shedding light on their roles to elaborate the molecular range of bipolar disorder. The study also contributes to providing valuable insights into the genetic and molecular basis of bipolar disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 115257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Open-field exploration immediately before the retention test impairs retrieval and spaced fear extinction of contextual fear memory 在进行保持测试前立即进行开阔地探索会影响情境恐惧记忆的检索和间隔恐惧消退
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115260
Fu-Lian Huang , Guang-Jing Zou , Lai-Fa Wang , Xu He , Bi-Chao Zhang , Ze-Hua Yang

According to the behavioral tagging theory, various stages of fear memory, such as contextual fear conditioning, memory retrieval, and fear extinction, can be facilitated by the exploration of a novel open field (OF). A critical time window of efficacy exists for this process. Novel exploration closely adjacent to weak learning may interfere with the setting of the learning tag, leading to a negative effect. In this mouse study, we consistently showed that exposure to a novel or familiar OF immediately prior to the retention test impaired the retrieval of long-term contextual fear memory. However, OF exposure had no effect on the retrieval of recent or remote cued fear memory or short-term contextual fear memory or the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. In addition, OF exposure impaired spaced but not massed extinction of contextual fear memory. These results suggest that interfering stimulus may result in the transient forgetting of fear memory; however, temporary loss of fear may lead to retention failure of fear extinction. The results of this study are an important complement to the behavioral tagging theory and may provide new guidance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.

根据行为标记理论,恐惧记忆的各个阶段,如情境恐惧条件反射、记忆检索和恐惧消退,都可以通过探索新奇的开放场域(OF)来促进。这一过程存在一个关键的有效时间窗口。紧邻弱学习的新探索可能会干扰学习标签的设置,从而导致负面影响。在这项小鼠研究中,我们的研究结果一致表明,在进行保持测试前暴露于新奇或熟悉的开放环境会损害长期情境恐惧记忆的检索。然而,暴露于 OF 不会影响近期或远期提示恐惧记忆或短期情境恐惧记忆的检索,也不会影响情境恐惧记忆的再巩固。此外,暴露于 OF 会影响情境恐惧记忆的间隔消退,但不会影响大规模消退。这些结果表明,干扰刺激可能会导致恐惧记忆的短暂遗忘;然而,恐惧的暂时丧失可能会导致恐惧消减的保持失败。本研究的结果是对行为标记理论的重要补充,可为创伤后应激障碍的治疗提供新的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E alleviate heat stress-induced mood disturbances in male mice: Modulation of inflammatory pathways and the HPA axis 辅酶Q10和维生素E可缓解热应激诱发的雄性小鼠情绪紊乱:调节炎症通路和HPA轴
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115259
Javad Mahmoudi , Sareh Kazmi , Seyedmahdi Vatandoust , Seyed Zanyar Athari , Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad , Soroush Morsali , Leila Bahari , Mahdi Ahmadi , Leila Hosseini , Fereshteh Farajdokht

Heat stress, as an environmental stressor, can lead to temperature dysregulation and neuroinflammation, causing depression and anxiety by disrupting brain physiology and functional connectivity. This study looked at how co-enzyme Q10 (Q10) and vitamin E (Vit E), alone and together, affected heat stress-caused anxiety and depression symptoms and inflammation in male mice. Five groups were utilized in the study: control, heat stress (NS), Q10, Vit E, and the combination group (Q10+Vit E). The mice were subjected for 15 min/day to a temperature of 43°C for 14 consecutive days, followed by daily treatments for two weeks with either normal saline, Q10 (500 mg/kg), Vit E (250 mg/kg), or their combination. The forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were employed to evaluate despair behavior, whereas the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were used to assess anxious behaviors. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed, and serum corticosterone levels, protein expression of inflammasome-related proteins, and hsp70 gene expression were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The study revealed that treatment with Vit E and Q10, alone or together, provided anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in the heat-stress-subjected animals. Also, giving Vit E and Q10 alone or together greatly lowered serum corticosterone levels. In the PFC, they also lowered the levels of hsp70 mRNA and NF-κB, caspase 1, NLRP3, and IL-1β proteins. It is speculated that treatment with Q10 and Vit E can attenuate heat stress-associated anxious and depressive responses by inhibiting the inflammatory pathways and modulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.

热应激作为一种环境应激源,可导致体温失调和神经炎症,并通过破坏大脑生理机能和功能连接而引起抑郁和焦虑。这项研究考察了辅酶Q10(Q10)和维生素E(Vit E)单独或共同作用如何影响热应激导致的雄性小鼠焦虑和抑郁症状及炎症。研究共分五组:对照组、热应激(NS)组、Q10组、维生素E组和组合组(Q10+维生素E)。小鼠连续14天每天在43摄氏度的高温下活动15分钟,然后每天用生理盐水、Q10(500毫克/千克)、维生素E(250毫克/千克)或它们的组合治疗两周。强迫游泳试验(FST)和悬挂尾巴试验(TST)用于评估绝望行为,而高架加迷宫试验(EPM)和开阔地试验(OFT)则用于评估焦虑行为。随后,动物被处死,并在前额叶皮层(PFC)评估血清皮质酮水平、炎性体相关蛋白的蛋白表达和 hsp70 基因表达。研究显示,单独或同时使用维生素 E 和 Q10 对热应激受试动物具有抗焦虑和抗抑郁作用。此外,单独或同时服用维生素 E 和 Q10 还能大大降低血清皮质酮水平。在前脑功能区,它们还降低了 hsp70 mRNA 和 NF-κB、caspase 1、NLRP3 和 IL-1β 蛋白的水平。据推测,使用 Q10 和维生素 E 可以通过抑制炎症途径和调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴来减轻与热应激相关的焦虑和抑郁反应。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen pre-exposure on the motor learning acquisition phase 高压氧预暴露对运动学习习得阶段的影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115243
Yamato Sato

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure has recently been reported to be effective in spatial learning and memory. Additionally, HBO exposure considerably improves performance on motor tasks. These findings suggest that HBO exposure may facilitate motor learning. However, the specific effects of HBO exposure on motor learning remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of HBO exposure on motor learning tasks. In the experimental animal models (control n = 8, HBO n = 8), the HBO environment was exposed to 100 % oxygen with the chamber at 2.0 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 90 min/day for 20 days. The motor learning task was an accelerated rotating bar task (bar width, 3 and 6 cm; rotation speed, 4–40 rpm; acceleration, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 rpm/s). The learning task was performed for 3 consecutive days. The HBO group showed a main effect of the day factor on the bar with a width of 6 cm, and significant differences were observed for each day comparison. However, no main effect of the day factor was observed in the control group. Additionally, significant differences were found in the bar with a width of 3 cm for both groups between days 1 and 2 and between days 1 and 3. In conclusion, these findings suggest that HBO exposure has a positive effect on more challenging motor learning tasks.

最近有报道称,高压氧(HBO)对空间学习和记忆有效。此外,高压氧暴露还能显著提高运动任务的表现。这些研究结果表明,高压氧暴露可促进运动学习。然而,HBO暴露对运动学习的具体影响在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。本研究旨在探讨暴露于 HBO 对运动学习任务的影响。在实验动物模型(对照组 n = 8,HBO 组 n = 8)中,HBO 环境中的氧气含量为 100%,舱内绝对气氛为 2.0 (ATA),每天 90 分钟,持续 20 天。运动学习任务是加速旋转棒任务(棒宽 3 厘米和 6 厘米;旋转速度 4-40 转/分钟;加速度 0.4、0.6 和 0.8 转/分钟/秒)。学习任务连续进行了 3 天。在宽度为 6 厘米的横杆上,HBO 组显示出了日因素的主效应,并且在每一天的比较中都观察到了显著差异。然而,在对照组中没有观察到日因素的主效应。此外,在第 1 天和第 2 天之间以及第 1 天和第 3 天之间,两组中宽度为 3 厘米的横杠均存在显著差异。总之,这些研究结果表明,接触 HBO 对更具挑战性的运动学习任务有积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Central cholinergic transmission modulates endocannabinoid-induced marble-burying behavior in mice 中枢胆碱能传导调节内源性大麻素诱导的小鼠埋大理石行为
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115252
Chhatrapal Patel, Richa Patel, Anuradha Kesharwani, Laxmi Rao, Nishant Sudhir Jain

Central cholinergic system and endocannabinoid, anandamide exhibits anti-compulsive-like behavior in mice. However, the role of the central cholinergic system in the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive-like behavior is still unexplored. Therefore, the present study assessed the role of central cholinergic transmission in the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive activity using a marble-burying behavior (MBB) model in mice. The modulation in the anandamide-induced effect on MBB was evaluated using mice with altered central cholinergic transmission achieved by pretreatment (i.c.v.) with various cholinergic agents like acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), neostigmine, nicotine, mAChR antagonist, atropine, and nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine. The influence of anandamide treatment on the brain AChE activity was also evaluated. The results revealed that i.c.v. injection of anandamide (10, 20 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) dose-dependently reduced MBB in mice. Moreover, anandamide in all the tested doses inhibited the brain AChE activity indicating the role of an enhanced central cholinergic transmission in its anti-compulsive-like effect . Furthermore, the anti-compulsive-like effect of anandamide (20 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) was found to be enhanced in mice centrally pre-treated with, ACh (0.1 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) or AChEI, neostigmine (0.3 µg/mouse, i.c.v.). In addition, the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive-like effect was significantly increased in mice pre-treated with a low dose of nicotine (0.1 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) while, it was attenuated by the higher dose of nicotine (2 µg/mouse, i.c.v.). On the other hand, the anandamide (20 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) induced anti-compulsive-like effect was found to be diminished in mice pre-treated with mAChR antagonist, atropine (0.1, 0.5 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) and pre-injection of nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine (0.1, 0.5 µg/mouse, i.c.v.) potentiated the anandamide induced anti-compulsive-like response in mice. Thus, the present investigation delineates the modulatory role of an enhanced central cholinergic transmission in the anandamide-induced anti-compulsive-like behavior in mice by inhibition of brain AChE or via muscarinic and nicotinic receptors mediated mechanism.

中枢胆碱能系统和内源性大麻素--安乃近在小鼠身上表现出反强迫行为。然而,中枢胆碱能系统在安乃近诱导的类强迫行为中的作用仍未得到探索。因此,本研究利用小鼠埋大理石行为(MBB)模型评估了中枢胆碱能传导在安乃近诱导的反强迫活动中的作用。通过对小鼠进行各种胆碱能药物如乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(AChEI)、新斯的明、尼古丁、mAChR拮抗剂阿托品和nAChR拮抗剂甲氰咪胍的预处理(静脉注射),评估了安乃近诱导的对大理石掩埋行为的影响。此外,还评估了安乃近处理对脑 AChE 活性的影响。结果显示,静脉注射安乃近(10、20 微克/只小鼠,静脉注射)可剂量依赖性地降低小鼠的 MBB。此外,所有测试剂量的安乃近都能抑制大脑 AChE 的活性,这表明安乃近的抗强迫样作用增强了中枢胆碱能传导。此外,安乃近(20 微克/只小鼠,静注)的抗强迫样作用在使用 ACh(0.1 微克/只小鼠,静注)或 AChEI、新斯的明(0.3 微克/只小鼠,静注)进行中枢预处理的小鼠中得到增强。此外,用低剂量尼古丁(0.1微克/只小鼠,静注)预处理的小鼠,其安乃近诱导的抗强迫样作用明显增强,而用高剂量尼古丁(2微克/只小鼠,静注)预处理的小鼠,其作用则减弱。另一方面,用 mAChR 拮抗剂阿托品(0.1、0.5微克/只小鼠,静注)和预先注射nAChR拮抗剂麦卡米拉明(0.1,0.5微克/只小鼠,静注)可增强小鼠的安乃近诱导的抗强迫样反应。因此,本研究通过抑制脑 AChE 或通过毒蕈碱受体和烟碱受体介导的机制,阐明了增强的中枢胆碱能传导在安乃近诱导的小鼠反强迫样行为中的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) MRI to evaluate the relationship between demyelination and glutamate content in depressed mice 通过谷氨酸化学交换饱和转移(GluCEST)磁共振成像评估抑郁小鼠脱髓鞘与谷氨酸含量之间的关系
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115247
Kai Qi , Hao Li , Jin Tao , Miaomiao Liu , Wei Zhang , Yan Liu , Yuwei Liu , He Gong , Junhui Wei , Ailing Wang , Junhai Xu , Xianglin Li

Glutamatergic alteration is one of the potential mechanisms of depression. However, there is no consensus on whether glutamate metabolism changes affect the myelin structure of depression in mouse models. Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a novel and powerful molecular imaging technique that can visualize glutamate distribution. In this study, we used the GluCEST imaging technique to look at glutamate levels in mice under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and how they relate to demyelination. The CUMS mice were exposed to different stress factors for 6 weeks. Evaluated of depression in CUMS mice by behavioral tests. MRI scans were then performed, including T2-mapping, GluCEST, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences. Brain tissues were collected for Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunofluorescence staining to analyze the changes in the myelin sheath. Artificially sketched regions of interest (ROI) (corpus callosum, hippocampus, and thalamus) were used to calculate the GluCEST value, fractional anisotropy (FA), and T2 value. Compared with the control group, the GluCEST value in the ROIs of CUMS mice significantly decreased. Similarly, the FA value in ROIs was lower in the CUMS group than in the CTRL group, but the T2 value did not differ significantly between the two groups. The histological results showed that ROIs in the CUMS group had demyelination compared with the CTRL group, indicating that DTI was more sensitive than T2 mapping in detecting myelin abnormalities. Furthermore, the GluCEST value in the ROIs correlates positively with the FA value. These findings suggest that altered glutamate metabolism may be one of the important factors leading to demyelination in depression, and GluCEST is expected to serve as an imaging biological marker for the diagnosis of demyelination in depression.

谷氨酸能改变是抑郁症的潜在机制之一。然而,对于谷氨酸代谢变化是否会影响抑郁症小鼠模型的髓鞘结构,目前还没有达成共识。谷氨酸化学交换饱和转移(GluCEST)是一种新颖而强大的分子成像技术,可以直观地显示谷氨酸的分布。在这项研究中,我们利用 GluCEST 成像技术观察了处于慢性不可预知轻度应激(CUMS)下的小鼠体内的谷氨酸水平及其与脱髓鞘的关系。CUMS小鼠暴露于不同的应激因素达6周之久。通过行为测试评估 CUMS 小鼠的抑郁情况。然后进行核磁共振成像扫描,包括T2映射、GluCEST和弥散张量成像(DTI)序列。采集脑组织进行鲁索快蓝染色和免疫荧光染色,以分析髓鞘的变化。人工绘制的感兴趣区(ROI)(胼胝体、海马和丘脑)用于计算 GluCEST 值、分数各向异性(FA)和 T2 值。与对照组相比,CUMS 小鼠 ROI 中的 GluCEST 值明显下降。同样,CUMS组ROI的FA值也低于CTRL组,但T2值在两组间无明显差异。组织学结果显示,与 CTRL 组相比,CUMS 组的 ROI 存在脱髓鞘现象,这表明 DTI 在检测髓鞘异常方面比 T2 映射更敏感。此外,ROI 中的 GluCEST 值与 FA 值呈正相关。这些研究结果表明,谷氨酸代谢的改变可能是导致抑郁症患者脱髓鞘的重要因素之一,GluCEST有望成为诊断抑郁症患者脱髓鞘的影像生物学标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Dopamine D1 receptors activation rescues hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments in the MK-801 neonatal schizophrenia model 激活多巴胺 D1 受体可挽救 MK-801 新生儿精神分裂症模型的海马突触可塑性和认知障碍
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115250
Melissa Hernández-Frausto , Emilio J. Galván, Carolina López-Rubalcava

Schizophrenia is a disorder with a higher cognitive decline in early adulthood, causing impaired retention of episodic memories. However, the physiological and behavioral functions that underlie cognitive deficits with a potential mechanism to ameliorate and improve cognitive performance are unknown. In this study, we used the MK-801 neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-like model. Rats were divided into two groups: one received MK-801, and the other received saline for five consecutive days (7–11 postnatal days, PND). We evaluated synaptic plasticity late-LTP and spatial memory consolidation in early adolescence and young adulthood using extracellular field recordings in acute hippocampal slices and the Barnes maze task. Next, we examined D1 receptor (D1R) activation as a mechanism to ameliorate cognitive impairments. Our results suggest that MK-801 neonatal treatment induces impairment in late-LTP expression and deficits in spatial memory retrieval in early adolescence that is maintained until young adulthood. Furthermore, we found that activation of dopamine D1R ameliorates the impairments and promotes a robust expression of late-LTP and an improved performance in the Barnes maze task, suggesting a novel and potential therapeutic role in treating cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

精神分裂症是一种在成年早期认知能力下降较快的疾病,会导致外显记忆的保持能力受损。然而,认知障碍的生理和行为功能以及改善和提高认知能力的潜在机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们使用了 MK-801 神经发育性精神分裂症样模型。大鼠分为两组:一组接受 MK-801,另一组连续五天(出生后 7-11 天,PND)接受生理盐水。我们使用急性海马切片的细胞外场记录和巴恩斯迷宫任务评估了青春期早期和青年期的突触可塑性晚期LTP和空间记忆巩固。接下来,我们研究了 D1 受体(D1R)激活作为一种改善认知障碍的机制。我们的研究结果表明,MK-801新生儿治疗会诱导晚期LTP表达受损,并在青春期早期诱导空间记忆检索缺陷,这种缺陷会一直维持到青年期。此外,我们还发现,激活多巴胺 D1R 可改善认知障碍,促进晚期 LTP 的强健表达,并提高巴恩斯迷宫任务的表现,这表明 MK-801 在治疗精神分裂症认知障碍方面具有新颖而潜在的治疗作用。
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