Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1076/VIMR.3.3.133.15692
M. Tant, W. Brouwer, F. Cornelissen, A. Kooijman
Interest in neuropsychological testing in order to evaluate and predict driving performance in patients with homonymous hemianopia (HH) is growing. An earlier study found that visual performance during driving could be predicted by visuo-spatial neuropsychological test performance and that HH patients showed low to modest visuo-spatial performance, suggesting the need for specific therapeutic intervention. Seventeen HH patients (without neglect) took part in a saccadic compensation training to reduce visuo-spatial limitation, with special focus on compensation during driving. We compared and interrelated the visuo-spatial performance during driving with that during neuropsychological tests, before and after training. We further investigated whether the effect of the intervention could be predicted. Generally, the analyses corroborated the results of the earlier study, confirming that visual performance during driving was moderately correlated with visuo-spatial neuropsychological test performance. After r...
{"title":"Prediction and evaluation of driving and visuo-spatial performance in homonymous hemianopia after compensational training","authors":"M. Tant, W. Brouwer, F. Cornelissen, A. Kooijman","doi":"10.1076/VIMR.3.3.133.15692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/VIMR.3.3.133.15692","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in neuropsychological testing in order to evaluate and predict driving performance in patients with homonymous hemianopia (HH) is growing. An earlier study found that visual performance during driving could be predicted by visuo-spatial neuropsychological test performance and that HH patients showed low to modest visuo-spatial performance, suggesting the need for specific therapeutic intervention. Seventeen HH patients (without neglect) took part in a saccadic compensation training to reduce visuo-spatial limitation, with special focus on compensation during driving. We compared and interrelated the visuo-spatial performance during driving with that during neuropsychological tests, before and after training. We further investigated whether the effect of the intervention could be predicted. Generally, the analyses corroborated the results of the earlier study, confirming that visual performance during driving was moderately correlated with visuo-spatial neuropsychological test performance. After r...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"3 1","pages":"133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/VIMR.3.3.133.15692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58587058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1076/VIMR.3.2.67.8660
T. Coeckelbergh, W. Brouwer, F. Cornelissen, A. Kooijman
Fifty-one subjects with visual field defects were trained to use compensatory viewing strategies.The subjects were referred to the training program by an official driving examiner of the Dutch Central Bureau of Driving Licenses. Three training programs were compared: laboratory training, mobility training, and motor traffic training. Viewing behavior, visual attention, and practical fitness to drive were assessed before and after training. Practical fitness to drive was assessed on the road as well as in a driving simulator. It was observed that compensatory viewing behavior and practical fitness to drive could be improved by training. Subjects in the motor traffic training showed a small advantage with regard to practical fitness to drive, suggesting that training is task-specific and that generalization is limited. The effect of visual field defect on viewing behavior and practical fitness to drive was analyzed separately for subjects with central or peripheral visual field defects. It was observed that...
{"title":"Training compensatory viewing strategies: feasibility and effect on practical fitness to drive in subjects with visual field defects","authors":"T. Coeckelbergh, W. Brouwer, F. Cornelissen, A. Kooijman","doi":"10.1076/VIMR.3.2.67.8660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/VIMR.3.2.67.8660","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty-one subjects with visual field defects were trained to use compensatory viewing strategies.The subjects were referred to the training program by an official driving examiner of the Dutch Central Bureau of Driving Licenses. Three training programs were compared: laboratory training, mobility training, and motor traffic training. Viewing behavior, visual attention, and practical fitness to drive were assessed before and after training. Practical fitness to drive was assessed on the road as well as in a driving simulator. It was observed that compensatory viewing behavior and practical fitness to drive could be improved by training. Subjects in the motor traffic training showed a small advantage with regard to practical fitness to drive, suggesting that training is task-specific and that generalization is limited. The effect of visual field defect on viewing behavior and practical fitness to drive was analyzed separately for subjects with central or peripheral visual field defects. It was observed that...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"37 1","pages":"67-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/VIMR.3.2.67.8660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58586937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1076/VIMR.3.2.97.8655
P. Fosse
A new Norwegian oral reading test has been developed and tested on a group of visually impaired subjects and a group of normally sighted controls. Twenty-eight equivalent reading test charts, each consisting of 50 words, were made. The 50 words in each chart were randomly selected from the 300 two- to six-letter words most frequently used in the Norwegian language. All words in the test charts are unrelated, which means that the reader cannot base his or her reading on syntactic and semantic clues available in a meaningful text. The functional equivalence of the elements upon which the test is built makes it possible to compare reading facility under different physical conditions, e.g. under different light levels.The test is simple and quick to perform. This paper reports on the test's reliability and validity and its possible application in reading rehabilitation of the visually impaired.
{"title":"The Tambartun Oral Reading Test: A new test for determining reading performance of the visually impaired","authors":"P. Fosse","doi":"10.1076/VIMR.3.2.97.8655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/VIMR.3.2.97.8655","url":null,"abstract":"A new Norwegian oral reading test has been developed and tested on a group of visually impaired subjects and a group of normally sighted controls. Twenty-eight equivalent reading test charts, each consisting of 50 words, were made. The 50 words in each chart were randomly selected from the 300 two- to six-letter words most frequently used in the Norwegian language. All words in the test charts are unrelated, which means that the reader cannot base his or her reading on syntactic and semantic clues available in a meaningful text. The functional equivalence of the elements upon which the test is built makes it possible to compare reading facility under different physical conditions, e.g. under different light levels.The test is simple and quick to perform. This paper reports on the test's reliability and validity and its possible application in reading rehabilitation of the visually impaired.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"47 1","pages":"97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58587001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1076/VIMR.3.3.147.15691
J. Gustafsson
This paper presents a new procedure for assessing off-axis refractive errors; in this case, oblique astigmatism. By using photorefraction to objectively measure the off-axis refraction, it is possible to identify and provide eccentric correction that results in better image quality for the preferred retinal location (PRL) or the trained retinal location (TRL). This paper describes the case of a 56-year-old man who has suffered from a large central visual field loss (CFL) for more than 30 years. He is the first case to show an improvement of visual function in the peripheral portion he uses outside the macula when eccentric correction is used. A ring target test from ring perimetry (HRP) was used to assess the residual vision. Contrast sensitivity function was also evaluated. The results correlated with the subjective improvement reported by the low vision person. More cases need to be evaluated and new technology developed in order to improve optical and visual assessment.
{"title":"The first successful eccentric correction","authors":"J. Gustafsson","doi":"10.1076/VIMR.3.3.147.15691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/VIMR.3.3.147.15691","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new procedure for assessing off-axis refractive errors; in this case, oblique astigmatism. By using photorefraction to objectively measure the off-axis refraction, it is possible to identify and provide eccentric correction that results in better image quality for the preferred retinal location (PRL) or the trained retinal location (TRL). This paper describes the case of a 56-year-old man who has suffered from a large central visual field loss (CFL) for more than 30 years. He is the first case to show an improvement of visual function in the peripheral portion he uses outside the macula when eccentric correction is used. A ring target test from ring perimetry (HRP) was used to assess the residual vision. Contrast sensitivity function was also evaluated. The results correlated with the subjective improvement reported by the low vision person. More cases need to be evaluated and new technology developed in order to improve optical and visual assessment.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"3 1","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/VIMR.3.3.147.15691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58587074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1076/VIMR.2.3.129.4422
D. Verlander, Allison Hayes, J. McInnes, Raymond John Liddle, Gregory William Liddle, G. Clarke, M. Clark, M. Russell, W. Ferguson, P. G. Walsh
In 1983, Verlander and Stott (Aust Rehabil Rev 1983;7:20-25) identified the need for an inter-disciplinary team approach in assessing and treating clients with a visual spatial disorder. The present study completes the development of two new assessment tools which will be used as key outcome measures in a major study of the effectiveness of a program of static scanning and mobility training. Results of the Mobility Assessment Course (MAC) indicated that obstacle avoidance was a poor measure for visual neglect and highlighted the need for a structured mobility assessment. The Visual Scanning Analyser (VSA) results conveyed the importance of defining and demonstrating the perimeter of the deficit field so that the prompt ‘look to the left’ had some meaning to the client. A subject’s inability to respond effectively to multiple stimuli gave the clearest indication of visual neglect on the VSA.
{"title":"Assessment of clients with visual spatial disorders: a pilot study","authors":"D. Verlander, Allison Hayes, J. McInnes, Raymond John Liddle, Gregory William Liddle, G. Clarke, M. Clark, M. Russell, W. Ferguson, P. G. Walsh","doi":"10.1076/VIMR.2.3.129.4422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/VIMR.2.3.129.4422","url":null,"abstract":"In 1983, Verlander and Stott (Aust Rehabil Rev 1983;7:20-25) identified the need for an inter-disciplinary team approach in assessing and treating clients with a visual spatial disorder. The present study completes the development of two new assessment tools which will be used as key outcome measures in a major study of the effectiveness of a program of static scanning and mobility training. Results of the Mobility Assessment Course (MAC) indicated that obstacle avoidance was a poor measure for visual neglect and highlighted the need for a structured mobility assessment. The Visual Scanning Analyser (VSA) results conveyed the importance of defining and demonstrating the perimeter of the deficit field so that the prompt ‘look to the left’ had some meaning to the client. A subject’s inability to respond effectively to multiple stimuli gave the clearest indication of visual neglect on the VSA.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"2 1","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/VIMR.2.3.129.4422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58587088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1076/VIMR.2.3.155.4420
P. Weckerle, S. Trauzettel-Klosinski, G. Kamin, E. Zrenner
Purpose: To evaluate task performance with the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES) in patients with central scotoma with regard to daily living activities such as reading, writing, and mobility as well as contrast sensitivity. Patients and Methods: Seventeen patients (aged 17-85 years, mean 49 ± 21) were examined with the LVES, a head-mounted opto-electronic visual aid that provides focus at various distances, a magnification from 1.5 to 12 times, and contrast enhancement. First, visual acuity and magnification need were determined without the device. Then, after individual adjustment of the LVES, the performance of different tasks was evaluated using the system, and assessments were made in a semiquantitative manner. Contrast sensitivity was measured using Pelli-Robson charts with and without the contrast enhancement function of the LVES. Results: Reading was fluent without mistakes in 10 patients, hesitating without mistakes in three, and struggling with mistakes in one. Three patients were unable to r...
{"title":"Task performance with the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES)","authors":"P. Weckerle, S. Trauzettel-Klosinski, G. Kamin, E. Zrenner","doi":"10.1076/VIMR.2.3.155.4420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/VIMR.2.3.155.4420","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate task performance with the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES) in patients with central scotoma with regard to daily living activities such as reading, writing, and mobility as well as contrast sensitivity. Patients and Methods: Seventeen patients (aged 17-85 years, mean 49 ± 21) were examined with the LVES, a head-mounted opto-electronic visual aid that provides focus at various distances, a magnification from 1.5 to 12 times, and contrast enhancement. First, visual acuity and magnification need were determined without the device. Then, after individual adjustment of the LVES, the performance of different tasks was evaluated using the system, and assessments were made in a semiquantitative manner. Contrast sensitivity was measured using Pelli-Robson charts with and without the contrast enhancement function of the LVES. Results: Reading was fluent without mistakes in 10 patients, hesitating without mistakes in three, and struggling with mistakes in one. Three patients were unable to r...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"2 1","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/VIMR.2.3.155.4420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58587112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT033
A. Corn, R. Wall, J. Bell
Optical devices were prescribed and training provided for children with low vision in the state of Tennessee. Reading rates and comprehension rates were taken before introduction of the optical devices and after approximately six months of using the aids. Scores were also recorded of student, teacher, and parent expectations of the students’ visual functioning. Data show that students did not make significant changes in their silent or oral reading rates. However, it is important to note that they did make significant gains in comparison to the reading norms of their sighted peers. Data also show that expectation of students’ visual functioning increased in both students and their teachers. In contrast, parents’ expectations of students’ visual functioning decreased.
{"title":"Impact of optical devices on reading rates and expectations for visual functioning of school-age children and youth with low vision","authors":"A. Corn, R. Wall, J. Bell","doi":"10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT033","url":null,"abstract":"Optical devices were prescribed and training provided for children with low vision in the state of Tennessee. Reading rates and comprehension rates were taken before introduction of the optical devices and after approximately six months of using the aids. Scores were also recorded of student, teacher, and parent expectations of the students’ visual functioning. Data show that students did not make significant changes in their silent or oral reading rates. However, it is important to note that they did make significant gains in comparison to the reading norms of their sighted peers. Data also show that expectation of students’ visual functioning increased in both students and their teachers. In contrast, parents’ expectations of students’ visual functioning decreased.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"2 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59192990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT043
E. C. Hall, A. Arditi
Visual temporal frequency discrimination (TFD) capacities of four adults with very low vision (VLV) were assessed. Full-field flicker was generated by placing a 5×5 red LED array against a translucent eyepatch that served as a diffuser. Temporally modulated phase-randomized sine wave stimulus pairs (standard and test frequencies) were presented monocularly using a 2IFC procedure. Discrimination was tested at standard frequencies ranging between 0.75 and 57 Hz; TFD difference thresholds (?F) for the ten standard frequencies were estimated from maximum likelihood fits of Weibull functions. ?F was a constant or nearly constant proportion of F throughout the assessed range. These results show conclusively that TFD judgements can be rendered by those with simulated and actual VLV. Temporal coding of full-field light modulation has the potential to optimize a neglected sensory channel in individuals with VLV.
{"title":"Temporal processing in very low vision","authors":"E. C. Hall, A. Arditi","doi":"10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT043","url":null,"abstract":"Visual temporal frequency discrimination (TFD) capacities of four adults with very low vision (VLV) were assessed. Full-field flicker was generated by placing a 5×5 red LED array against a translucent eyepatch that served as a diffuser. Temporally modulated phase-randomized sine wave stimulus pairs (standard and test frequencies) were presented monocularly using a 2IFC procedure. Discrimination was tested at standard frequencies ranging between 0.75 and 57 Hz; TFD difference thresholds (?F) for the ten standard frequencies were estimated from maximum likelihood fits of Weibull functions. ?F was a constant or nearly constant proportion of F throughout the assessed range. These results show conclusively that TFD judgements can be rendered by those with simulated and actual VLV. Temporal coding of full-field light modulation has the potential to optimize a neglected sensory channel in individuals with VLV.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"2 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/1388-235X(200004)211-YFT043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59193128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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