Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490907100
Charlotte Magnusson, K. Rassmus-Gröhn
This article reports results from a study in which ten severely visually impaired users used a virtual haptic-audio traffic environment for exploring and learning a route. The virtual environment was a model of a real traffic environment in Lund, Sweden, and included 484 static objects and 35 dynamic objects (cars and bicycles). Eight of the ten users were able to handle this large and complex environment, and the same users also succeeded in navigating the real traffic section from which the virtual environment was modeled. The users navigating the virtual world most easily were those that also were very good at navigating with a cane. Further results such as the identification of two different exploration strategies in the virtual model, different usages of this kind of model and the importance of relevant initial information are also discussed.
{"title":"A virtual traffic environment for people with visual impairments","authors":"Charlotte Magnusson, K. Rassmus-Gröhn","doi":"10.1080/13882350490907100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490907100","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports results from a study in which ten severely visually impaired users used a virtual haptic-audio traffic environment for exploring and learning a route. The virtual environment was a model of a real traffic environment in Lund, Sweden, and included 484 static objects and 35 dynamic objects (cars and bicycles). Eight of the ten users were able to handle this large and complex environment, and the same users also succeeded in navigating the real traffic section from which the virtual environment was modeled. The users navigating the virtual world most easily were those that also were very good at navigating with a cane. Further results such as the identification of two different exploration strategies in the virtual model, different usages of this kind of model and the importance of relevant initial information are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490907100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60070277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350390487018
C. Walter, R. Althouse, H. Humble, M. Leys, J. Odom
The West Virginia Survey of Visual Health was conducted to determine the types and frequency of barriers to vision treatment experienced by persons with visual health problems and low vision in West Virginia. The study used a Random Digit Dial (RDD) sample to gather information from 1026 households. Cross-tabulation of two variables were used to classify respondents or their family members as having low vision. Among the 1026 homes surveyed, 233 households reported having at least one or more persons with vision health problems. Out of the 233 households, 57 individuals were classified as having low vision. West Virginians who report vision health problems are older and tend to rate their physical health lower compared to those with normal vision. Treatment patterns illustrate that a large number of respondents see an eye doctor on an irregular basis. Economic barriers for the vision health population appear substantial. Transportation barriers are common among the low vision population. The impact of vis...
{"title":"West Virginia survey of visual health: Low vision and barriers to access","authors":"C. Walter, R. Althouse, H. Humble, M. Leys, J. Odom","doi":"10.1080/13882350390487018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350390487018","url":null,"abstract":"The West Virginia Survey of Visual Health was conducted to determine the types and frequency of barriers to vision treatment experienced by persons with visual health problems and low vision in West Virginia. The study used a Random Digit Dial (RDD) sample to gather information from 1026 households. Cross-tabulation of two variables were used to classify respondents or their family members as having low vision. Among the 1026 homes surveyed, 233 households reported having at least one or more persons with vision health problems. Out of the 233 households, 57 individuals were classified as having low vision. West Virginians who report vision health problems are older and tend to rate their physical health lower compared to those with normal vision. Treatment patterns illustrate that a large number of respondents see an eye doctor on an irregular basis. Economic barriers for the vision health population appear substantial. Transportation barriers are common among the low vision population. The impact of vis...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"53-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350390487018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490903744
C. Mermoud, A. R. Whatham, A. Déruaz, A. Safran
The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) is an instrument of great value for observing viewing behaviour and characteristics of fixation in macula disorders; it also may have potential in assessing visual rehabilitation in affected individuals. It is important to understand the viewing strategies used by individuals with a central scotoma and eccentric fixation and to determine whether these strategies have changed as a result of any eccentric viewing training. We describe a method based on searching for multiple sectors in relative correspondence in consecutive SLO fundus images. In this method, successive fixation positions, and consequently viewing strategy, during the reading of isolated words and text passages can be extracted from SLO images. We found the maximum cumulative error in determining fixation position over 1000 consecutive frames to be 5 pixels (approximately 15 min arc) using fundus images from an individual with a macular lesion and clearly visible retinal features. The reconstruction of...
{"title":"A multiple sector search method for extracting viewing strategy from fundus images obtained through a scanning laser ophthalmoscope","authors":"C. Mermoud, A. R. Whatham, A. Déruaz, A. Safran","doi":"10.1080/13882350490903744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490903744","url":null,"abstract":"The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) is an instrument of great value for observing viewing behaviour and characteristics of fixation in macula disorders; it also may have potential in assessing visual rehabilitation in affected individuals. It is important to understand the viewing strategies used by individuals with a central scotoma and eccentric fixation and to determine whether these strategies have changed as a result of any eccentric viewing training. We describe a method based on searching for multiple sectors in relative correspondence in consecutive SLO fundus images. In this method, successive fixation positions, and consequently viewing strategy, during the reading of isolated words and text passages can be extracted from SLO images. We found the maximum cumulative error in determining fixation position over 1000 consecutive frames to be 5 pixels (approximately 15 min arc) using fundus images from an individual with a macular lesion and clearly visible retinal features. The reconstruction of...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490903744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490903690
G. Goodrich, J. Kirby, Teri Oros, Patricia Wagstaff, Berenice McDevitt, Julie Hazan, Laura Peters
The purpose of the study was to determine if there were performance differences for subjects with age-related maculopathy (ARM) reading with optical devices or closed circuit televisions (CCTVs) based upon amount of training. Performance was measured as reading speed and duration. METHODS In the first experiment ninety subjects participated in an experiment comparing two models of training: a traditional model (TM) consisting of 10 optical device training sessions and 15 CCTV training sessions was compared to a shorter training model termed the empirical model (EM) derived from a post hoc review of training records. The EM consisted of five optical device training sessions with five practice sessions and seven CCTV trainings sessions with eight practice sessions. In the second experiment the EM was compared to a training model used by many private agencies/clinics termed the private sector model (PS) that consisted of one optical device training session or two CCTV training sessions. RESULTS Reading speed...
{"title":"Goldilocks and the three training models: A comparison of three models of low vision reading training on reading efficiency","authors":"G. Goodrich, J. Kirby, Teri Oros, Patricia Wagstaff, Berenice McDevitt, Julie Hazan, Laura Peters","doi":"10.1080/13882350490903690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490903690","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine if there were performance differences for subjects with age-related maculopathy (ARM) reading with optical devices or closed circuit televisions (CCTVs) based upon amount of training. Performance was measured as reading speed and duration. METHODS In the first experiment ninety subjects participated in an experiment comparing two models of training: a traditional model (TM) consisting of 10 optical device training sessions and 15 CCTV training sessions was compared to a shorter training model termed the empirical model (EM) derived from a post hoc review of training records. The EM consisted of five optical device training sessions with five practice sessions and seven CCTV trainings sessions with eight practice sessions. In the second experiment the EM was compared to a training model used by many private agencies/clinics termed the private sector model (PS) that consisted of one optical device training session or two CCTV training sessions. RESULTS Reading speed...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"135-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490903690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490886618
Torø Graven
The present study investigated whether newly blinded individuals show improved proficiency, i.e., accuracy and exploration time, in recognizing tactile representations of familiar objects when they are (1) visually and (2) tactually pre-cued. Experiment 1 examined 32 newly blinded (i.e., blindfolded-sighted) individuals, half of whom were visually pre-cued. The results suggested that visual pre-cuing improved accuracy, both in categorizing and in naming, and exploration time. Experiment 2 examined 16 newly blinded (i.e., blindfolded-sighted) individuals before and after tactual pre-cuing. The results suggested that tactual pre-cuing improved accuracy in categorizing, but not in naming, and exploration time.
{"title":"Recognizing tactile representations of familiar objects: the influence of pre-cuing when touch replaces vision as the dominant sense modality","authors":"Torø Graven","doi":"10.1080/13882350490886618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490886618","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated whether newly blinded individuals show improved proficiency, i.e., accuracy and exploration time, in recognizing tactile representations of familiar objects when they are (1) visually and (2) tactually pre-cued. Experiment 1 examined 32 newly blinded (i.e., blindfolded-sighted) individuals, half of whom were visually pre-cued. The results suggested that visual pre-cuing improved accuracy, both in categorizing and in naming, and exploration time. Experiment 2 examined 16 newly blinded (i.e., blindfolded-sighted) individuals before and after tactual pre-cuing. The results suggested that tactual pre-cuing improved accuracy in categorizing, but not in naming, and exploration time.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490886618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350390486965
A. Kooijman, W. Brouwer, T. Coeckelbergh, M. Tant, F. Cornelissen, R. A. Bredewoud, B. Melis-Dankers
In many countries strict legal requirements for obtaining a driver's license are in effect for visual acuity and visual field. We studied the relationship between these characteristics and driving safety and driving proficiency in an on-the-road test of practical fitness to drive in subjects with visual disorders, including many subjects scoring below current criteria. We further studied how far the relationship between the on-the-road test and visual measures improved if compensatory eye movements and visual attention were included in the criteria. Lastly, we studied the effects of training compensatory viewing strategies. METHODS: In two studies subjects with visual field defects due to retinal pathology (n = 100) and post-chiasmal damage (n = 28) performed the on-the-road test before and after training. Training consisted of laboratory and mobility training, including driving instruction. Visual function assessment included acuity, visual field, contrast sensitivity, visual attention, compensatory view...
{"title":"Compensatory viewing training improves practical fitness to drive of subjects with impaired vision","authors":"A. Kooijman, W. Brouwer, T. Coeckelbergh, M. Tant, F. Cornelissen, R. A. Bredewoud, B. Melis-Dankers","doi":"10.1080/13882350390486965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350390486965","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries strict legal requirements for obtaining a driver's license are in effect for visual acuity and visual field. We studied the relationship between these characteristics and driving safety and driving proficiency in an on-the-road test of practical fitness to drive in subjects with visual disorders, including many subjects scoring below current criteria. We further studied how far the relationship between the on-the-road test and visual measures improved if compensatory eye movements and visual attention were included in the criteria. Lastly, we studied the effects of training compensatory viewing strategies. METHODS: In two studies subjects with visual field defects due to retinal pathology (n = 100) and post-chiasmal damage (n = 28) performed the on-the-road test before and after training. Training consisted of laboratory and mobility training, including driving instruction. Visual function assessment included acuity, visual field, contrast sensitivity, visual attention, compensatory view...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350390486965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490886636
A. Hill, P. Aspinall, L. Cotton
A study into the attitudes and evaluations of 195 older adults between the ages of 65 and 95 years attending a hospital-based low-vision clinic has been carried out, with special emphasis on patients' satisfaction judgements. Measures comprised aspects of visual function, clinical status, and a battery of quality-of-life questionnaires including the SF-36 social functioning scale, the Life Satisfaction Index, the Nottingham Adjustment Scale for information on psychological characteristics, a measure of Intrinsic Religious Motivation, and information on social support. Four different measures of satisfaction were used: a person's satisfaction with their low-vision aids, satisfaction with reading ability, satisfaction with the low-vision service, and satisfaction in general. A fifth 'overall' measure of satisfaction was derived as the sum of responses on these four scales. The data were analysed in a number of ways, including principal component analysis, logistic regression, and a classification and regres...
{"title":"Satisfaction as a low-vision service outcome measure","authors":"A. Hill, P. Aspinall, L. Cotton","doi":"10.1080/13882350490886636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490886636","url":null,"abstract":"A study into the attitudes and evaluations of 195 older adults between the ages of 65 and 95 years attending a hospital-based low-vision clinic has been carried out, with special emphasis on patients' satisfaction judgements. Measures comprised aspects of visual function, clinical status, and a battery of quality-of-life questionnaires including the SF-36 social functioning scale, the Life Satisfaction Index, the Nottingham Adjustment Scale for information on psychological characteristics, a measure of Intrinsic Religious Motivation, and information on social support. Four different measures of satisfaction were used: a person's satisfaction with their low-vision aids, satisfaction with reading ability, satisfaction with the low-vision service, and satisfaction in general. A fifth 'overall' measure of satisfaction was derived as the sum of responses on these four scales. The data were analysed in a number of ways, including principal component analysis, logistic regression, and a classification and regres...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"20 1","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490886636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490907092
Y. Gupta, Meenakshi Gupta, A. Rizvi, Mohit Gupta
AIMS Design and use of a 'coloured mediameter' to diagnose and assess the prognosis of vitreous haemorrhage. METHODS The technique of transillumination has gone into oblivion due to its subjective nature. We have designed a mediameter, in which a light-sensitive sensor is placed on the cornea and adjoining sclera during the process of transillumination. We can thus record the trans-corneal and trans-scleral light transmittance objectively. These recordings are made with white, red and green lights of appropriate wavelengths produced by interposing pure filters on the light source. RESULTS In normal eyes, the transmittance recorded with these three lights is more or less in the same range. In cases of vitreous haemorrhage, the white and red lights pass through the vitreous relatively unhindered, while the green wavelength is absorbed by the blood, resulting in a very poor transmittance of green light. This difference of light transmittance readings with different lights can be used to diagnose vitreous hae...
{"title":"Coloured digital mediametry - a new concept in the diagnosis and prognosis of vitreous haemorrhage","authors":"Y. Gupta, Meenakshi Gupta, A. Rizvi, Mohit Gupta","doi":"10.1080/13882350490907092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490907092","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS Design and use of a 'coloured mediameter' to diagnose and assess the prognosis of vitreous haemorrhage. METHODS The technique of transillumination has gone into oblivion due to its subjective nature. We have designed a mediameter, in which a light-sensitive sensor is placed on the cornea and adjoining sclera during the process of transillumination. We can thus record the trans-corneal and trans-scleral light transmittance objectively. These recordings are made with white, red and green lights of appropriate wavelengths produced by interposing pure filters on the light source. RESULTS In normal eyes, the transmittance recorded with these three lights is more or less in the same range. In cases of vitreous haemorrhage, the white and red lights pass through the vitreous relatively unhindered, while the green wavelength is absorbed by the blood, resulting in a very poor transmittance of green light. This difference of light transmittance readings with different lights can be used to diagnose vitreous hae...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490907092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60070152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490886627
Mufarriq Shah, Muhummadh Khan
Purpose: I. To determine the causes of low vision by age and sex. II. To assess the need of spectacles and low-vision devices (LVDs) in low-vision patients attending the clinic at the Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. III. To determine the proportion of patients with low vision whose distance visual acuity (VA) can be enhanced to 6/18 or better in the better eye and who have the potential to discern 1 M (newspaper print) after appropriate refraction and application of low-vision devices (LVDs). Design: Hospital-based, cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 504 individuals attending the low-vision clinic between June 2000 and June 2002 were included in the study. Of this cohort, 372 (73.8%) were male and 132 (26.2%) were female. The inclusion criterion was that the individual had VA < 6/18 in the better eye after medical or surgical treatment and/or best available correction. Results: The leading cause of low vision in age group 16 years was nystagm...
{"title":"Causes of low vision amongst the low-vision patients attending the Low-Vision Clinic at Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences (KIOMS), Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan","authors":"Mufarriq Shah, Muhummadh Khan","doi":"10.1080/13882350490886627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490886627","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: I. To determine the causes of low vision by age and sex. II. To assess the need of spectacles and low-vision devices (LVDs) in low-vision patients attending the clinic at the Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. III. To determine the proportion of patients with low vision whose distance visual acuity (VA) can be enhanced to 6/18 or better in the better eye and who have the potential to discern 1 M (newspaper print) after appropriate refraction and application of low-vision devices (LVDs). Design: Hospital-based, cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 504 individuals attending the low-vision clinic between June 2000 and June 2002 were included in the study. Of this cohort, 372 (73.8%) were male and 132 (26.2%) were female. The inclusion criterion was that the individual had VA < 6/18 in the better eye after medical or surgical treatment and/or best available correction. Results: The leading cause of low vision in age group 16 years was nystagm...","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490886627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13882350490517644
J. Brabyn, M. Schneck, G. Haegerstrom‐Portnoy, L. Lott
The Smith-Kettlewell Institute (SKI) Study of vision in elders demonstrates that while standard high contrast visual acuity holds up well even into advanced old age, vision under the non-ideal conditions found in the real world (low contrast, glare, low luminance) falls off much more rapidly. The present article illustrates the functional impact of these findings by presenting typical real world scenes viewed with a filter that reduces contrast sensitivity to the level of the average 80 year old, as well as a second filter that more profoundly reduces contrast sensitivity and thus simulates vision of the aged cataractous eye. The impact on face recognition is also shown. It is clear from the study results and the simulations that, in effect, many older people with good acuity are visually impaired in performing everyday tasks.
{"title":"Functional vision: ‘Real world’ impairment examples from the SKI Study","authors":"J. Brabyn, M. Schneck, G. Haegerstrom‐Portnoy, L. Lott","doi":"10.1080/13882350490517644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350490517644","url":null,"abstract":"The Smith-Kettlewell Institute (SKI) Study of vision in elders demonstrates that while standard high contrast visual acuity holds up well even into advanced old age, vision under the non-ideal conditions found in the real world (low contrast, glare, low luminance) falls off much more rapidly. The present article illustrates the functional impact of these findings by presenting typical real world scenes viewed with a filter that reduces contrast sensitivity to the level of the average 80 year old, as well as a second filter that more profoundly reduces contrast sensitivity and thus simulates vision of the aged cataractous eye. The impact on face recognition is also shown. It is clear from the study results and the simulations that, in effect, many older people with good acuity are visually impaired in performing everyday tasks.","PeriodicalId":88340,"journal":{"name":"Visual impairment research","volume":"6 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13882350490517644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60069378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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