NORILYN F. FONTARUM-BULAWIN, MARIA MELANIE P. MEDECILO-GUIANG, MICHAEL A. CALARAMO, GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Abstract. Fontarum-Bulawin NF, Medecilo-Guiang MMP, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2023. Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 24: 4095-4109. Amorphophallus is one of the genera of Araceae with diverse pollen characters. This study aimed to investigate the pollen morphological characters of Amorphophallus in the Philippines for inferring taxonomical relationships. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate pollen morphology of 14 accessions of Amorphophallus. Both acetolyzed and unacetolyzed pollens were studied to compare the outward aspect of pollens and the pollen characters were subjected to cluster analysis. Results revealed that pollen grains were mostly spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, and subspheroidal in shape. The pollen sizes vary from 3.0 to 50 µm and exhibit very small to medium sizes. The ornamentations of unacetolyzed pollens were psilate and striate, whereas ornamentations in acetolyzed pollens are varied from psilate, rugulate, rugulate hamulate, reticulate, scabrate, striateto verrucate ornamentations. All pollens were inaperturate and monad. Cluster analysis using Euclidean generated 2 major clusters, namely Cluster I consists of Amorphophallus adamsensis Magtoto, Mones, Ballada, Austria, R.M.Dizon, Alangui, Regina, Amorphophallus sp.3 (Samar), Amorphophallus yaoi A.Galloway, Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus flammeus Calaramo, Batuyong, Bulawin & Alejandro, Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett. et al. (Ilocos), Amorphophallus rayongii Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus sp.2 (Romblon), and Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett., A.Galloway & Medecilo (Cavite); and cluster 2 consists of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, Amorphophallus fontarumii Bulawin, Medecilo & Alejandro, Amorphophallus rostratus Hett., Amorphophallus longispathaceus Engl.& Gehrm., and Amorphophallus sp.1 Based on this study, pollen shape, size, and ornamentation can be used as supplemental characters for the taxonomic identification of Amorphophallus in the Philippines.
{"title":"Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications","authors":"NORILYN F. FONTARUM-BULAWIN, MARIA MELANIE P. MEDECILO-GUIANG, MICHAEL A. CALARAMO, GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240748","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fontarum-Bulawin NF, Medecilo-Guiang MMP, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2023. Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 24: 4095-4109. Amorphophallus is one of the genera of Araceae with diverse pollen characters. This study aimed to investigate the pollen morphological characters of Amorphophallus in the Philippines for inferring taxonomical relationships. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate pollen morphology of 14 accessions of Amorphophallus. Both acetolyzed and unacetolyzed pollens were studied to compare the outward aspect of pollens and the pollen characters were subjected to cluster analysis. Results revealed that pollen grains were mostly spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, and subspheroidal in shape. The pollen sizes vary from 3.0 to 50 µm and exhibit very small to medium sizes. The ornamentations of unacetolyzed pollens were psilate and striate, whereas ornamentations in acetolyzed pollens are varied from psilate, rugulate, rugulate hamulate, reticulate, scabrate, striateto verrucate ornamentations. All pollens were inaperturate and monad. Cluster analysis using Euclidean generated 2 major clusters, namely Cluster I consists of Amorphophallus adamsensis Magtoto, Mones, Ballada, Austria, R.M.Dizon, Alangui, Regina, Amorphophallus sp.3 (Samar), Amorphophallus yaoi A.Galloway, Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus flammeus Calaramo, Batuyong, Bulawin & Alejandro, Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett. et al. (Ilocos), Amorphophallus rayongii Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus sp.2 (Romblon), and Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett., A.Galloway & Medecilo (Cavite); and cluster 2 consists of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, Amorphophallus fontarumii Bulawin, Medecilo & Alejandro, Amorphophallus rostratus Hett., Amorphophallus longispathaceus Engl.& Gehrm., and Amorphophallus sp.1 Based on this study, pollen shape, size, and ornamentation can be used as supplemental characters for the taxonomic identification of Amorphophallus in the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135999183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OEDJIJONO OEDJIJONO, DYAH FITRI KUSHARYATI, DINI RYANDINI, HENDRO PRAMONO
Abstract. Oedjijono, Kusharyati DF, Ryandini D, Pramono H. 2023. Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4182. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of eight Bifidobacterium spp. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the viability of selected encapsulated bifidobacteria was assessed at different storage durations. The non-neutralized or neutralized supernatant pH of eight bifidobacterial isolates (BCC6, BC4, BBP6, BC7, BBP1, BC13, BCC5, BCC8) inhibited the growth of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The non-neutralized supernatant Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 resulted in the highest inhibition against E. coli or K. pneumoniae with a clear zone of 8 mm. In contrast, the neutralized supernatant of Bifidobacterium sp. BBP1 showed the highest inhibition only against E. coli, with a clear zone of 8 mm. The bacteriocin of BCC5 and BBP6 isolates showed the highest inhibition against MDR E. coli, with inhibition zones of 12.5 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Similarly, the bacteriocin of BBP6 isolate gave the highest inhibition against K. pneumoniae, with a zone of 7 mm. The cell numbers of the tapioca-encapsulated isolate BBP6 were quite stable in comparison to BBP1, which were 8.4 log cfu.g-1 and 8.1 log cfu.g-1 at initial storage and 6.32 log cfu.g-1 and 7.41 log cfu.g-1 after eight weeks. The viability percentage of encapsulated Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 (86.91%) surpassed that of BBP1 isolate (78.41%) during the eight-week storage period at 4oC. The storage time of the BBP6 at 4oC was 6.05 weeks or 42.35 days.
{"title":"Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca","authors":"OEDJIJONO OEDJIJONO, DYAH FITRI KUSHARYATI, DINI RYANDINI, HENDRO PRAMONO","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240762","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Oedjijono, Kusharyati DF, Ryandini D, Pramono H. 2023. Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4182. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of eight Bifidobacterium spp. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the viability of selected encapsulated bifidobacteria was assessed at different storage durations. The non-neutralized or neutralized supernatant pH of eight bifidobacterial isolates (BCC6, BC4, BBP6, BC7, BBP1, BC13, BCC5, BCC8) inhibited the growth of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The non-neutralized supernatant Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 resulted in the highest inhibition against E. coli or K. pneumoniae with a clear zone of 8 mm. In contrast, the neutralized supernatant of Bifidobacterium sp. BBP1 showed the highest inhibition only against E. coli, with a clear zone of 8 mm. The bacteriocin of BCC5 and BBP6 isolates showed the highest inhibition against MDR E. coli, with inhibition zones of 12.5 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Similarly, the bacteriocin of BBP6 isolate gave the highest inhibition against K. pneumoniae, with a zone of 7 mm. The cell numbers of the tapioca-encapsulated isolate BBP6 were quite stable in comparison to BBP1, which were 8.4 log cfu.g-1 and 8.1 log cfu.g-1 at initial storage and 6.32 log cfu.g-1 and 7.41 log cfu.g-1 after eight weeks. The viability percentage of encapsulated Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 (86.91%) surpassed that of BBP1 isolate (78.41%) during the eight-week storage period at 4oC. The storage time of the BBP6 at 4oC was 6.05 weeks or 42.35 days.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135999000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
APRI HERI ISWANTO, DWIVIA WAHYU AMANDA, SAHARMAN GEA, ARIDA SUSILOWATI, WIDYA FATRIASARI, ATMAWI DARWIS, M. ADLY RAHANDI LUBIS, TITO SUCIPTO, SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH, NIKEN SUBEKTI, RUDI HARTONO, JAJANG SUTIAWAN, WAHYU HIDAYAT, NAM HUN KIM
Abstract. Iswanto AH, Amanda DW, Gea S, Susilowati A, Fatriasari W, Darwis A, Lubis MAR, Sucipto T, Syahidah, Subekti N, Hartono R, Sutiawan J, Hidayat W, Kim NH. 2023. Characteristics of Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood from Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4193-4201. Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood is commonly used for construction materials in Nias Island, North Sumatra Province especially in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake that affected the region. However, information regarding the fundamental characteristics of this wood has not been available. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the basic properties of Simalambuo wood, such as its physical, mechanical, chemical, and natural durability. The destructive method was used to determine the physical and mechanical parameters (i.e., specific gravity, moisture content, shrinkage, MOE, MOR, and hardness) using a small clear specimen sample under the BS 373 standard (1957). The chemical components of wood (i.e., holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractives) were analyzed using a variety of methods, including CRC Press methods, LAP NREL 003 standard, and TAPPI. Meanwhile, the SNI 7207-2014 standard was utilized to evaluate its resistance against subterranean termites. The results showed that Simalambuo wood has an average specific gravity of 0.42 and a T/R ratio of 1.78. Based on its specific gravity, the wood is classified within the strength class III-IV. It also exhibits a reduced cellulose and extractive content, along with a higher proportion of lignin. In terms of durability, it is classified as class IV, implying non-resistance to termites’ attack and necessitating wood preservation treatment for its practical application. The findings of this study suggest the application of this wood is recommended for light construction, furniture, and other functions, but not for heavy construction.
摘要Iswanto AH, Amanda DW, Gea S, Susilowati A, Fatriasari W, darwin A, Lubis MAR, Sucipto T, Syahidah, Subekti N, Hartono R, Sutiawan J, Hidayat W, Kim NH。2023. 印度尼西亚北苏门答腊省尼亚斯岛木本木的特征。生物多样性，24:4193-4201。Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.)木材通常用于北苏门答腊省尼亚斯岛的建筑材料，特别是在影响该地区的毁灭性地震之后。但是，关于这种木材的基本特性的资料还没有得到。因此，本研究的目的是评价木的基本性能，如其物理，机械，化学和自然耐久性。采用破坏法测定物理力学参数(即比重、含水率、收缩率、MOE、MOR和硬度)，采用BS 373标准(1957)下的小透明试样。使用CRC Press法、LAP NREL 003标准和TAPPI等多种方法分析木材的化学成分(即:全新纤维素、纤维素、木质素、萃取物)。同时采用SNI 7207-2014标准评价其抗地下白蚁能力。结果表明，四棱木的平均比重为0.42,T/R比为1.78。根据其比重，木材的强度可分为III-IV级。它还表现出纤维素和提取物含量的降低，以及木质素的较高比例。在耐久性方面，它被归类为IV类，意味着不耐白蚁的攻击，需要对木材进行防腐处理才能实际应用。这项研究的结果表明，这种木材适用于轻型建筑、家具和其他功能，但不适用于重型建筑。
{"title":"Characteristics of Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood from Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia","authors":"APRI HERI ISWANTO, DWIVIA WAHYU AMANDA, SAHARMAN GEA, ARIDA SUSILOWATI, WIDYA FATRIASARI, ATMAWI DARWIS, M. ADLY RAHANDI LUBIS, TITO SUCIPTO, SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH, NIKEN SUBEKTI, RUDI HARTONO, JAJANG SUTIAWAN, WAHYU HIDAYAT, NAM HUN KIM","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240764","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Iswanto AH, Amanda DW, Gea S, Susilowati A, Fatriasari W, Darwis A, Lubis MAR, Sucipto T, Syahidah, Subekti N, Hartono R, Sutiawan J, Hidayat W, Kim NH. 2023. Characteristics of Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood from Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4193-4201. Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood is commonly used for construction materials in Nias Island, North Sumatra Province especially in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake that affected the region. However, information regarding the fundamental characteristics of this wood has not been available. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the basic properties of Simalambuo wood, such as its physical, mechanical, chemical, and natural durability. The destructive method was used to determine the physical and mechanical parameters (i.e., specific gravity, moisture content, shrinkage, MOE, MOR, and hardness) using a small clear specimen sample under the BS 373 standard (1957). The chemical components of wood (i.e., holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractives) were analyzed using a variety of methods, including CRC Press methods, LAP NREL 003 standard, and TAPPI. Meanwhile, the SNI 7207-2014 standard was utilized to evaluate its resistance against subterranean termites. The results showed that Simalambuo wood has an average specific gravity of 0.42 and a T/R ratio of 1.78. Based on its specific gravity, the wood is classified within the strength class III-IV. It also exhibits a reduced cellulose and extractive content, along with a higher proportion of lignin. In terms of durability, it is classified as class IV, implying non-resistance to termites’ attack and necessitating wood preservation treatment for its practical application. The findings of this study suggest the application of this wood is recommended for light construction, furniture, and other functions, but not for heavy construction.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135999012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NICK RAINIER S. SANTOS, MONALIZA B. MAGAT, MIGUEL V. MONDRAGON, ERNELEA P. CAO, DAISY MAY C. SANTOS
Abstract. Santos NRS, Magat MB, Mondragon MV, Cao EP, Santos DMC. 2023. Genetic profiling of locally registered Philippine coffee using molecular markers linked to resistance against diseases and pests. Biodiversitas 24: 4136-4144. Coffee is a major commodity in the Philippines, but diseases and pests have hampered local production. Natural resistance could help increase production by eradicating infestation or lessening the symptoms of infection and minimizing the need for chemical control. Hence, this study aims to screen local Coffea arabica varieties, whose beans are prized for their superior taste and aroma, using genetic markers. These markers are linked to resistance against Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR, caused by Hemileia vastatrix), Coffee Berry Disease (CBD, caused by Colletotrichum kahawae), and Root Knot Nematode (RKN, Meloidogynespp.). The Arabica samples were obtained from the Bureau of Plant Industry in Baguio City, Benguet, a main distributor of coffee seedlings to farmers. C. canephora and C. liberica trees from Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, were used as control samples. Results reveal that the registered NSIC-2008-Cf-A-05 (Red Bourbon) Arabica tree contains a unique haplotype in a region of chromosome 3. This region has been linked to the SH3 gene, which confers resistance against CLR, a promising result for infested areas. However, all Arabica samples are inferred to be susceptible to CBD and RKN. Hence, NSIC-2008-Cf-A-05 is a potential source for resistance genes specifically against CLR in future breeding programs.
摘要Santos NRS, Magat MB, Mondragon MV, Cao EP, Santos DMC。2023. 利用与抗病虫害有关的分子标记对当地注册的菲律宾咖啡进行遗传分析。生物多样性，24:4136-4144。咖啡是菲律宾的一种主要商品，但疾病和害虫阻碍了当地的生产。自然抗性可以通过根除虫害或减轻感染症状和尽量减少化学控制的需要来帮助增加产量。因此，本研究旨在利用遗传标记筛选当地的阿拉比卡咖啡品种，这些品种的咖啡豆因其优越的口感和香气而受到珍视。这些标记与抗咖啡叶锈病(CLR，由半黑叶锈病引起)、咖啡浆果病(CBD，由炭疽杆菌引起)和根结线虫(RKN, Meloidogynespp.)有关。这些阿拉比卡咖啡样品是从本盖特碧瑶市植物工业局获得的，该局是向农民提供咖啡幼苗的主要分销商。以Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite的canephora和C. liberica树为对照。结果表明，注册的NSIC-2008-Cf-A-05 (Red Bourbon)阿拉比卡树在3号染色体的一个区域含有一个独特的单倍型。该区域与SH3基因有关，该基因赋予对CLR的抗性，这对受感染地区来说是一个有希望的结果。然而，所有的阿拉比卡咖啡样品被推断为对CBD和RKN敏感。因此，在未来的育种计划中，NSIC-2008-Cf-A-05是CLR抗性基因的潜在来源。
{"title":"Genetic profiling of locally registered Philippine coffee using molecular markers linked to resistance against diseases and pests","authors":"NICK RAINIER S. SANTOS, MONALIZA B. MAGAT, MIGUEL V. MONDRAGON, ERNELEA P. CAO, DAISY MAY C. SANTOS","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240752","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Santos NRS, Magat MB, Mondragon MV, Cao EP, Santos DMC. 2023. Genetic profiling of locally registered Philippine coffee using molecular markers linked to resistance against diseases and pests. Biodiversitas 24: 4136-4144. Coffee is a major commodity in the Philippines, but diseases and pests have hampered local production. Natural resistance could help increase production by eradicating infestation or lessening the symptoms of infection and minimizing the need for chemical control. Hence, this study aims to screen local Coffea arabica varieties, whose beans are prized for their superior taste and aroma, using genetic markers. These markers are linked to resistance against Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR, caused by Hemileia vastatrix), Coffee Berry Disease (CBD, caused by Colletotrichum kahawae), and Root Knot Nematode (RKN, Meloidogynespp.). The Arabica samples were obtained from the Bureau of Plant Industry in Baguio City, Benguet, a main distributor of coffee seedlings to farmers. C. canephora and C. liberica trees from Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, were used as control samples. Results reveal that the registered NSIC-2008-Cf-A-05 (Red Bourbon) Arabica tree contains a unique haplotype in a region of chromosome 3. This region has been linked to the SH3 gene, which confers resistance against CLR, a promising result for infested areas. However, all Arabica samples are inferred to be susceptible to CBD and RKN. Hence, NSIC-2008-Cf-A-05 is a potential source for resistance genes specifically against CLR in future breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135999002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Mushawwir A, Zain M, Despal D. 2023. Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4183-4192. This investigation was carried out in three different locations to examine the impact of legume forage as a protein source on lipid regulation and growth. This study used 120 rams, consisting of 40 rams in each location (Garut, Cianjur, Sukabumi) spread along the South Coast of West Java. Physical environmental conditions were recorded during the study. Ram lambs at each location were divided into four groups; one group only received a basal diet (Setaria/Setaria sphacelata), and the other three groups were each given additional legumes (calliandra/Calliandra calothyrsus, lamtoro/Leucaena leucocephala, and moringa/Moringa oleifera). Blood samples were collected every two weeks during the 16 weeks experiment. The blood sampling was handled based on standard procedures to prevent sample damage, and the body weight was measured every two weeks. Sample analysis related to lipid regulation and creatine kinase activity was measured using spectrophotometric techniques according to the instructions of the Kit Randox protocol and analysis of blood plasma fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The research results show that legumes as a protein source can regulate through molecular signaling to decrease lipid levels, saturated fatty acids, and lipid transport in the extracellular fluid, but increase unsaturated fatty acid and the growth rate of ram lambs. Based on the results of the current study, it can be a strong basis for the development of nutrigenomic aspects of protein for small ruminants, accompanied by studies of the ages of different ruminant samples.
摘要刘建军，刘建军，李建军，等。豆科饲料蛋白质来源对印度尼西亚西爪哇南海岸广泛饲养的本地公羊羔脂质调节和生长的影响。生物多样性，24:4183-4192。本研究在三个不同的地点进行，以研究豆科饲料作为蛋白质来源对脂质调节和生长的影响。本研究使用了120只公羊，分布在西爪哇南海岸的每个地点(Garut, Cianjur, Sukabumi)各40只公羊。在研究过程中记录了物理环境条件。每个地点的公羊羔分为四组;1组只饲喂基础饲粮(狗尾草/狗尾草)，另外3组分别饲喂豆科食品(金盏花/ calliandra calothyrsus、lamtoro/Leucaena leucocephala和辣木/辣木)。在16周的实验中，每两周采集一次血样。血液采样按照标准程序处理，以防止样本损坏，每两周测量一次体重。根据Kit Randox方案的说明，使用分光光度法测量与脂质调节和肌酸激酶活性相关的样品分析，用气相色谱法分析血浆脂肪酸。研究结果表明，豆类作为蛋白质源可通过分子信号调节降低公羊羔羊细胞外液中的脂质水平、饱和脂肪酸和脂质转运，提高不饱和脂肪酸和生长速率。根据目前的研究结果，它可以为开发小反刍动物蛋白质的营养基因组学方面提供强有力的基础，并伴随着不同反刍动物样本年龄的研究。
{"title":"Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia","authors":"UJANG HIDAYAT TANUWIRIA, ANDI MUSHAWWIR, MARDIATI ZAIN, DESPAL DESPAL","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240763","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Mushawwir A, Zain M, Despal D. 2023. Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4183-4192. This investigation was carried out in three different locations to examine the impact of legume forage as a protein source on lipid regulation and growth. This study used 120 rams, consisting of 40 rams in each location (Garut, Cianjur, Sukabumi) spread along the South Coast of West Java. Physical environmental conditions were recorded during the study. Ram lambs at each location were divided into four groups; one group only received a basal diet (Setaria/Setaria sphacelata), and the other three groups were each given additional legumes (calliandra/Calliandra calothyrsus, lamtoro/Leucaena leucocephala, and moringa/Moringa oleifera). Blood samples were collected every two weeks during the 16 weeks experiment. The blood sampling was handled based on standard procedures to prevent sample damage, and the body weight was measured every two weeks. Sample analysis related to lipid regulation and creatine kinase activity was measured using spectrophotometric techniques according to the instructions of the Kit Randox protocol and analysis of blood plasma fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The research results show that legumes as a protein source can regulate through molecular signaling to decrease lipid levels, saturated fatty acids, and lipid transport in the extracellular fluid, but increase unsaturated fatty acid and the growth rate of ram lambs. Based on the results of the current study, it can be a strong basis for the development of nutrigenomic aspects of protein for small ruminants, accompanied by studies of the ages of different ruminant samples.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136042888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Al-Darraji ZDG, Mohammed-Ameen MKM. 2023. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of yeast isolated from cancer patients and their environment and their antifungal sensitivity pattern. Biodiversitas 24: 4166-4174. This study aimed to investigate yeast diversity and their antifungal susceptibility patterns in 853 samples collected from cancer patients, their apparently healthy companions, their beds, their tables, and indoor hospital air. The samples were cultured and identified using classical phenotypic characteristics and a molecular method utilizing amplification of ITS conservative regions of rRNA. The sum of phenotyping and genotyping identification revealed that 102 yeast isolates included 6 genera and 14 species. Candida sp. was the most dominant genera (84.31%), followed by Naganishia sp. (10.78%). Candida albicans (24.50%) and C. krusei (16.66%) were the most prevalent yeast species. Fluconazole, caspofungin, and voriconazole exhibited potent antifungal activities against the most yeast species with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared with high MIC (64 µg/mL) values against Meyerozyma guilliermondi, Naganishia difflunes, and C. tropicalis. To conclude, the antifungal activity was isolate- and species-specific and the higher antifungal concentrations led to a more-rapid expression of activity. The high isolation rate of yeasts from beds and tables, advocated the use of various monitoring systems to ensure thorough cleaning and consistent disinfection of surfaces around patients and health care providers. The study findings showed that the molecular method was superior to the phenotyping technique in identifying yeast isolates. While similar research has been performed in different locations, the current project represents a unique milestone for this particular institution, and offers an opportunity to advance research in this area.
{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of yeast isolated from cancer patients and their environment and their antifungal sensitivity pattern","authors":"ZAHRAA DAWOOD GATEA AL-DARRAJI, MOHANAD KHALAF MOHAMMED-AMEEN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Al-Darraji ZDG, Mohammed-Ameen MKM. 2023. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of yeast isolated from cancer patients and their environment and their antifungal sensitivity pattern. Biodiversitas 24: 4166-4174. This study aimed to investigate yeast diversity and their antifungal susceptibility patterns in 853 samples collected from cancer patients, their apparently healthy companions, their beds, their tables, and indoor hospital air. The samples were cultured and identified using classical phenotypic characteristics and a molecular method utilizing amplification of ITS conservative regions of rRNA. The sum of phenotyping and genotyping identification revealed that 102 yeast isolates included 6 genera and 14 species. Candida sp. was the most dominant genera (84.31%), followed by Naganishia sp. (10.78%). Candida albicans (24.50%) and C. krusei (16.66%) were the most prevalent yeast species. Fluconazole, caspofungin, and voriconazole exhibited potent antifungal activities against the most yeast species with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared with high MIC (64 µg/mL) values against Meyerozyma guilliermondi, Naganishia difflunes, and C. tropicalis. To conclude, the antifungal activity was isolate- and species-specific and the higher antifungal concentrations led to a more-rapid expression of activity. The high isolation rate of yeasts from beds and tables, advocated the use of various monitoring systems to ensure thorough cleaning and consistent disinfection of surfaces around patients and health care providers. The study findings showed that the molecular method was superior to the phenotyping technique in identifying yeast isolates. While similar research has been performed in different locations, the current project represents a unique milestone for this particular institution, and offers an opportunity to advance research in this area.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136042887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Dudi D, Hilmia N, Khaerunnisa I, Mushawwir A. 2023. DGAT1 gene polymorphism and their association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4202-4208. The bovineAcyl-CoA: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is crucial to milk and meat quality in cattle. The K232A DGAT1 mutation was broadly used as a milk and meat quality genetic marker. Pasundan cattle are Indonesian local cattle from West Java. These local cattle have adapted to the tropical environment, environmental factors are not obstructing their development. The DGAT1 gene polymorphism information and their contribution to fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle is very limited. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic polymorphism of the K232A DGAT1 gene and its association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle population. The gene polymorphisms were identified using PCR, and direct sequencing to discover a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). All sequencing results (ABI trace files) were analyzed in FinchTV, BioEdit, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) 6.0. Genotyping was performed on 80 Pasundan cattle. In comparison, Ongole-Grade (n=5), Bali (n=2), Simmental (n=2), Limousin (n=2), Madura (n=2), and Pesisir (n=2) were also used in this study. Their association with fat deposition and carcass quality was evaluated on seven heads of AK genotype and 23 heads of KK genotype. According to the sequencing result, two SNPs were found at g.201G>A and g.202C>A, respectively. The K232A DGAT1 locus was polymorphic in Pasundan cattle population with the K and A allele frequencies of 0.956 and 0.044, respectively. In addition, DGAT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with back fat thickness, longissimus dorsi area, rump area, and intramuscular fat.
{"title":"DGAT1 gene polymorphism and their association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle of Indonesia","authors":"DUDI DUDI, NENA HILMIA, ISYANA KHAERUNNISA, ANDI MUSHAWWIR","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240765","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dudi D, Hilmia N, Khaerunnisa I, Mushawwir A. 2023. DGAT1 gene polymorphism and their association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4202-4208. The bovineAcyl-CoA: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is crucial to milk and meat quality in cattle. The K232A DGAT1 mutation was broadly used as a milk and meat quality genetic marker. Pasundan cattle are Indonesian local cattle from West Java. These local cattle have adapted to the tropical environment, environmental factors are not obstructing their development. The DGAT1 gene polymorphism information and their contribution to fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle is very limited. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic polymorphism of the K232A DGAT1 gene and its association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle population. The gene polymorphisms were identified using PCR, and direct sequencing to discover a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). All sequencing results (ABI trace files) were analyzed in FinchTV, BioEdit, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) 6.0. Genotyping was performed on 80 Pasundan cattle. In comparison, Ongole-Grade (n=5), Bali (n=2), Simmental (n=2), Limousin (n=2), Madura (n=2), and Pesisir (n=2) were also used in this study. Their association with fat deposition and carcass quality was evaluated on seven heads of AK genotype and 23 heads of KK genotype. According to the sequencing result, two SNPs were found at g.201G>A and g.202C>A, respectively. The K232A DGAT1 locus was polymorphic in Pasundan cattle population with the K and A allele frequencies of 0.956 and 0.044, respectively. In addition, DGAT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with back fat thickness, longissimus dorsi area, rump area, and intramuscular fat.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136042889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Bangun IH, Hanum H, Sabrina T. 2023. Isolation and molecular characterization of potassium-solubilizing bacteria from limestone mountain of Bahorok, Langkat District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4184. In agricultural practices, ensuring an adequate supply of potassium to plants is crucial for optimal growth and productivity. However, the exchangeable K is tightly bound to soil minerals such as mica, feldspar, and clay minerals, making it unavailable for plant uptake. K-solubilizing bacteria K can dissolve potassium from the mineral layer and be available to plants. The Previous study has found 11 bacterial isolates capable of solubilizing K in Aleksandrov solid media. This study aimed to select the best K-solubilizing bacteria for solubilizing K in soil and to perform molecular identification of these bacteria. A novel finding from this study is that specific KSBs enhance the levels of exchangeable K in the soil through various mechanisms, as evidenced by increased exchangeable Ca, Mg, and soil pH. Additionally, the research identified two newly discovered bacterial species capable of potassium solubilization: Paraburkholderia phymatum and Burkholderia paludis. Furthermore, the study suggests the existence of an unknown mechanism for K solubilization, indicated by the observed increase in soil pH during the process.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of potassium-solubilizing bacteria from limestone mountain of Bahorok, Langkat District, Indonesia","authors":"IMAM HARTONO BANGUN, HAMIDAH HANUM, TENGKU SABRINA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240757","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bangun IH, Hanum H, Sabrina T. 2023. Isolation and molecular characterization of potassium-solubilizing bacteria from limestone mountain of Bahorok, Langkat District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4184. In agricultural practices, ensuring an adequate supply of potassium to plants is crucial for optimal growth and productivity. However, the exchangeable K is tightly bound to soil minerals such as mica, feldspar, and clay minerals, making it unavailable for plant uptake. K-solubilizing bacteria K can dissolve potassium from the mineral layer and be available to plants. The Previous study has found 11 bacterial isolates capable of solubilizing K in Aleksandrov solid media. This study aimed to select the best K-solubilizing bacteria for solubilizing K in soil and to perform molecular identification of these bacteria. A novel finding from this study is that specific KSBs enhance the levels of exchangeable K in the soil through various mechanisms, as evidenced by increased exchangeable Ca, Mg, and soil pH. Additionally, the research identified two newly discovered bacterial species capable of potassium solubilization: Paraburkholderia phymatum and Burkholderia paludis. Furthermore, the study suggests the existence of an unknown mechanism for K solubilization, indicated by the observed increase in soil pH during the process.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136042884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Zubaidah S, Mujtahida I, Kuswantoro H. 2023. Response of morphological, anatomical and agronomic characteristics of soybean genotypes to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus. Biodoversitas 24: 4017-4026. Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) is a significant disease in soybeans. This disease can cause plant malformations and reduce seed yields. The study used a randomized block design with three replications. Plant materials were five resistant genotypes (MLGG 0006, MLGG 0106, MLGG 0297, MLGG 0315, and MLGG 0599) and five susceptible genotypes (MLGG 0123, MLGG 0379, MLGG 0603, MLGG 0695, and MLGG 0796). The results showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible genotypes to CpMMV attack. Resistant soybean genotypes had relatively tall stems, many branches, and larger leaf widths. The number of stomata and trichomes of the resistant genotype was less than that of the susceptible genotype. The number of filled pods, the total number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds of the resistant genotype had more numbers than the susceptible genotype. MLGG 0695 was the most responsive genotype because it had a relatively low stem height, few branches, small leaf size, many stomata and trichomes on the leaf surface, the thickest leaf size, and a small number of pods and seeds. The most resistant soybean genotype was MLGG 0297, having a relatively high stem, many branches, large leaf size, few stomata and trichomes on the leaf surface, thin leaf size, and many more pods and seeds. MLGG 0297 can be used as a gene source to develop a superior variety resistant to CpMMV.
{"title":"Response of morphological, anatomical, and agronomic characteristics of soybean genotypes to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus","authors":"SITI ZUBAIDAH, IMAMA MUJTAHIDA, HERU KUSWANTORO","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240739","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Zubaidah S, Mujtahida I, Kuswantoro H. 2023. Response of morphological, anatomical and agronomic characteristics of soybean genotypes to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus. Biodoversitas 24: 4017-4026. Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) is a significant disease in soybeans. This disease can cause plant malformations and reduce seed yields. The study used a randomized block design with three replications. Plant materials were five resistant genotypes (MLGG 0006, MLGG 0106, MLGG 0297, MLGG 0315, and MLGG 0599) and five susceptible genotypes (MLGG 0123, MLGG 0379, MLGG 0603, MLGG 0695, and MLGG 0796). The results showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible genotypes to CpMMV attack. Resistant soybean genotypes had relatively tall stems, many branches, and larger leaf widths. The number of stomata and trichomes of the resistant genotype was less than that of the susceptible genotype. The number of filled pods, the total number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds of the resistant genotype had more numbers than the susceptible genotype. MLGG 0695 was the most responsive genotype because it had a relatively low stem height, few branches, small leaf size, many stomata and trichomes on the leaf surface, the thickest leaf size, and a small number of pods and seeds. The most resistant soybean genotype was MLGG 0297, having a relatively high stem, many branches, large leaf size, few stomata and trichomes on the leaf surface, thin leaf size, and many more pods and seeds. MLGG 0297 can be used as a gene source to develop a superior variety resistant to CpMMV.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136042885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Kulsum NNS, Susandarini R. 2023. Diversity of wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area of Cigalontang Village, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4161-4167. Wild edible fruits are non-timber forest products that support the nutritional adequacy of communities around the forest. Scientific inventory and documentation of wild fruit plant diversity are important to reveal local resources' potential in supporting local communities food security. A study on wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area in Cigalontang Village aimed to document the diversity of fruit plant species and traditional knowledge of the community on food plants available from the forest. This study used semi-structured interviews with 63 respondents and guided fieldwork to identify natural habitats and collect specimens of wild edible fruits. The results showed that people of Cigalontang Village commonly consumed 49 wild edible fruit species belonging to 27 families. Zingiberaceae and Moraceae were two families with the highest number of wild edible fruit species mentioned by the respondents. All the fruits were consumed raw as fresh fruits, and some were known as ingredients for traditional medicine to treat minor health complaints. The community discussed the use of wild edible fruits with a review of the nutritional content based on relevant references. Results showed that the community used wild edible fruits for daily nutritional needs, not for sale. Both older and younger generations shared knowledge about the diversity of wild edible fruit plants and were closely related to local traditions kept within the frame of local wisdom. This knowledge, supported by local wisdom held by the community, is important to maintain the sustainability of fruit plant diversity and its conservation.
{"title":"Diversity of wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area of Cigalontang Village, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia","authors":"NENDEN NUR SAYYIDAH KULSUM, RATNA SUSANDARINI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240755","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kulsum NNS, Susandarini R. 2023. Diversity of wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area of Cigalontang Village, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4161-4167. Wild edible fruits are non-timber forest products that support the nutritional adequacy of communities around the forest. Scientific inventory and documentation of wild fruit plant diversity are important to reveal local resources' potential in supporting local communities food security. A study on wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area in Cigalontang Village aimed to document the diversity of fruit plant species and traditional knowledge of the community on food plants available from the forest. This study used semi-structured interviews with 63 respondents and guided fieldwork to identify natural habitats and collect specimens of wild edible fruits. The results showed that people of Cigalontang Village commonly consumed 49 wild edible fruit species belonging to 27 families. Zingiberaceae and Moraceae were two families with the highest number of wild edible fruit species mentioned by the respondents. All the fruits were consumed raw as fresh fruits, and some were known as ingredients for traditional medicine to treat minor health complaints. The community discussed the use of wild edible fruits with a review of the nutritional content based on relevant references. Results showed that the community used wild edible fruits for daily nutritional needs, not for sale. Both older and younger generations shared knowledge about the diversity of wild edible fruit plants and were closely related to local traditions kept within the frame of local wisdom. This knowledge, supported by local wisdom held by the community, is important to maintain the sustainability of fruit plant diversity and its conservation.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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