Abstract. Raisawati T, Melati M, Aziz SA, Rafi M. 2023. Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way. Biodiversitas 24: 4110-4119. Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) is a wild plant species with high potential for medicinal uses. Nonetheless, the understanding of agronomical aspect of this species is still limited, hindering the large-scale cultivation efforts. This species has unique traits in term of leaves morphology in which it has rosette (old) leaves and upper (inflorescence) leaves which might require particular harvesting method to obtain optimal yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of harvest methods on leaf production, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and flavonoid profiles of three accessions of sowthistle. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor is harvesting methods namely gradual and simultaneous harvest of lower and upper leaves of sowthistle. The second factor is three accessions of S. arvensis namely Lembang, Tawangmangu, and Banjararum. The results showed that the simultaneous harvest resulted in higherleaf number by 65%, fresh weight by 55%, and dry weight by 60% compared to those of gradual harvest. However, the difference between fresh weight and dry weight of upper leaf was more determined by the accessions with Tawangmangu had the highest weight. Antioxidant activity of sowthistle in this study is not only caused by total flavonoid. Tawangmangu accession gradually harvested produced high lower leaf antioxidants, while those harvested simultaneously produced the highest total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of upper leaves. The results of HPLC analysis showed the flavonoid profiles of S. arvensis leaves which contain rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin. Kaempferol was the highest content of flavonoid in rosette and upper leaves. The findings of this study suggest that simultaneous harvesting is recommended to obtain high sowthistle production and quality.
{"title":"Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way","authors":"TATIK RAISAWATI, MAYA MELATI, SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ, MOHAMAD RAFI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240749","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Raisawati T, Melati M, Aziz SA, Rafi M. 2023. Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way. Biodiversitas 24: 4110-4119. Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) is a wild plant species with high potential for medicinal uses. Nonetheless, the understanding of agronomical aspect of this species is still limited, hindering the large-scale cultivation efforts. This species has unique traits in term of leaves morphology in which it has rosette (old) leaves and upper (inflorescence) leaves which might require particular harvesting method to obtain optimal yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of harvest methods on leaf production, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and flavonoid profiles of three accessions of sowthistle. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor is harvesting methods namely gradual and simultaneous harvest of lower and upper leaves of sowthistle. The second factor is three accessions of S. arvensis namely Lembang, Tawangmangu, and Banjararum. The results showed that the simultaneous harvest resulted in higherleaf number by 65%, fresh weight by 55%, and dry weight by 60% compared to those of gradual harvest. However, the difference between fresh weight and dry weight of upper leaf was more determined by the accessions with Tawangmangu had the highest weight. Antioxidant activity of sowthistle in this study is not only caused by total flavonoid. Tawangmangu accession gradually harvested produced high lower leaf antioxidants, while those harvested simultaneously produced the highest total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of upper leaves. The results of HPLC analysis showed the flavonoid profiles of S. arvensis leaves which contain rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin. Kaempferol was the highest content of flavonoid in rosette and upper leaves. The findings of this study suggest that simultaneous harvesting is recommended to obtain high sowthistle production and quality.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Dwiati M, Widodo P, Susanto AH. 2023. Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application. Biodiversitas 24: 4168-4174. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce. is a pitcher plant species at a higher risk of extinction mainly due to overexploitation. Previous investigations have shown that in vitro micropropagation can be used as an approach for ex-situ conservation of N. mirabilis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the new shoot formation of N. mirabilis under in vitro conditions stimulated with the application of flurprimidol and GA3. The three concentrations of flurprimidol and GA3 used as treatments were arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with internodes 2, 3, 4, and 5 serving as blocks. Based on the results, F1G0 (flurprimidol of 1 mgL-1 without GA3) had the highest shoot formation, which was not accompanied by sufficiently high contents of chlorophyll, leading to improper shoot development. Despite the smaller number of newly formed shoots in F2G2 (flurprimidol of 2 mgL-1 and GA3 of 2 mgL-1), significantly higher chlorophyll contents were observed, enabling better development of shoot. Leaf length and shoot diameter also showed similar results under F2G2, indicating that higher concentrations of exogenous GA3 were necessary for better shoot development. This indicated that appropriate concentrations of both plant growth regulators should be applied for micropropagation of N. mirabilis in support of ex-situ conservation.
{"title":"Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application","authors":"MURNI DWIATI, PUDJI WIDODO, AGUS HERY SUSANTO","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240756","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dwiati M, Widodo P, Susanto AH. 2023. Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application. Biodiversitas 24: 4168-4174. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce. is a pitcher plant species at a higher risk of extinction mainly due to overexploitation. Previous investigations have shown that in vitro micropropagation can be used as an approach for ex-situ conservation of N. mirabilis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the new shoot formation of N. mirabilis under in vitro conditions stimulated with the application of flurprimidol and GA3. The three concentrations of flurprimidol and GA3 used as treatments were arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with internodes 2, 3, 4, and 5 serving as blocks. Based on the results, F1G0 (flurprimidol of 1 mgL-1 without GA3) had the highest shoot formation, which was not accompanied by sufficiently high contents of chlorophyll, leading to improper shoot development. Despite the smaller number of newly formed shoots in F2G2 (flurprimidol of 2 mgL-1 and GA3 of 2 mgL-1), significantly higher chlorophyll contents were observed, enabling better development of shoot. Leaf length and shoot diameter also showed similar results under F2G2, indicating that higher concentrations of exogenous GA3 were necessary for better shoot development. This indicated that appropriate concentrations of both plant growth regulators should be applied for micropropagation of N. mirabilis in support of ex-situ conservation.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Chaisoung N, Panyadee P, Long C, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Chaowasku T, Inta A. 2023. Ethnobotanical study in the underexplored species of Genus Litsea (Lauraceae) in Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 3977-4000. Ethnobotanical studies offer valuable insights into medicinal plant use, but accuracy is limited by the difficulty in identifying similar species during field surveys. This study aims to investigate the Genus Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) plants in Thailand, specifically focusing on underexplored species with ethnobotanical value for future utilization. The present research aims to comprehensively analyze the ethnobotanical data by comparing the results from previous ethnobotanical documents with those obtained from our field surveys. From a comprehensive review of ethnobotanical documents published from 1996-2022, the study discovered seven species of Litsea report to be used in Thailand. In addition, a subsequent field survey from November 2019 to December 2021 revealed that 13 species were used, with 11 of these used for medicinal purposes. The study identified seven additional species not previously documented for their medicinal uses. Among these species, Litsea mollis Hemsl., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. and Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook.fil. have the highest use values and hold potential for future development, particularly L. mollis and L. martabanica. We also found that Litsea species were primarily used for treating digestive disorders. This study highlighted the importance of considering taxonomic complexities and conducting field surveys to assess plant uses accurately and can serve as a foundation for future research on these species, including their chemical analysis, biological activities, and pharmacological properties.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical study in the underexplored species of Genus Litsea (Lauraceae) in Northern Thailand","authors":"NATCHA CHAISOUNG, PRATEEP PANYADEE, CHUNLIN LONG, CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY, TANAWAT CHAOWASKU, ANGKHANA INTA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240736","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Chaisoung N, Panyadee P, Long C, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Chaowasku T, Inta A. 2023. Ethnobotanical study in the underexplored species of Genus Litsea (Lauraceae) in Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 3977-4000. Ethnobotanical studies offer valuable insights into medicinal plant use, but accuracy is limited by the difficulty in identifying similar species during field surveys. This study aims to investigate the Genus Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) plants in Thailand, specifically focusing on underexplored species with ethnobotanical value for future utilization. The present research aims to comprehensively analyze the ethnobotanical data by comparing the results from previous ethnobotanical documents with those obtained from our field surveys. From a comprehensive review of ethnobotanical documents published from 1996-2022, the study discovered seven species of Litsea report to be used in Thailand. In addition, a subsequent field survey from November 2019 to December 2021 revealed that 13 species were used, with 11 of these used for medicinal purposes. The study identified seven additional species not previously documented for their medicinal uses. Among these species, Litsea mollis Hemsl., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. and Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook.fil. have the highest use values and hold potential for future development, particularly L. mollis and L. martabanica. We also found that Litsea species were primarily used for treating digestive disorders. This study highlighted the importance of considering taxonomic complexities and conducting field surveys to assess plant uses accurately and can serve as a foundation for future research on these species, including their chemical analysis, biological activities, and pharmacological properties.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YUDHI RATNA NUGRAHENI, BAMBANG ARIYADI, ROCHMADIYANTO ROCHMADIYANTO, NINING KESUMANINGRUM, KUSWARI IMRAN, BAYU PRIYO KARTIKO, NUR ROHMI FARHANI, SUCI NURANI, ANA SAHARA, AAN AWALUDIN
Abstract. Nugraheni YR, Ariyadi B, Rochmadiyanto, Kesumaningrum N, Imran K, Kartiko BP, Farhani NR, Nurani S, Sahara A, Awaludin A. 2023. Molecular detection of Babesia infection in cattle in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4192-4198. Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by hemoprotozoa that poses a significant threat to livestock production worldwide, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of Babesia sp., the causative agent of babesiosis, in cattle from multiple regions in Central Java, Indonesia. The disease has had substantial negative economic impacts, highlighting the need for accurate prevalence data and effective disease control measures. A total of 13 blood samples were collected from cattle exhibiting symptoms of hematuria and babesiosis. The samples were obtained from smallholder farmers who reported these cases to local veterinarians in various regions of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The farmers were selected based on their proximity to veterinary clinics and willingness to participate in the study. Upon sample collection, each blood sample was subjected to microscopic examination using Giemsa-stained blood smears. The examination aimed to identify the presence of Babesia parasites within the red blood cells. Positive samples, indicating the presence of Babesia infection, were further analyzed by molecular assay. Molecular tests were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the DNA of Babesia sp. Two specific genes were targeted: cytochrome b oxidase (cytb) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA). PCR amplification was carried out following established protocols, and the resulting products were visualized using gel electrophoresis to confirm the presence of Babesia DNA. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the sensitivity and efficacy of the two PCR methods (cytb and 18S rRNA). The data obtained from this study contributes to our understanding of the occurrence of babesiosis in Central Java's cattle population. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive babesiosis disease surveys to obtain accurate prevalence estimates and facilitate the development of effective disease control strategies. Moreover, the more sensitive amplification targeting the cytb gene holds promise for improved diagnostic and surveillance efforts. These insights are crucial for combating babesiosis and mitigating its economic impact on livestock production.
摘要Nugraheni YR, Ariyadi B, Rochmadiyanto, kessumaningrum N, Imran K, Kartiko BP, Farhani NR, Nurani S, Sahara A, Awaludin A. 2023。印度尼西亚日惹市牛中巴贝斯虫感染的分子检测。生物多样性，24(4):492 - 498。巴贝斯虫病是一种由血原虫引起的蜱传疾病，对包括印度尼西亚在内的世界各地的畜牧业生产构成重大威胁。本研究旨在评估巴贝虫病病原巴贝虫sp.在印度尼西亚中爪哇多个地区的牛中的流行情况和分子特征。该疾病对经济产生了重大负面影响，因此需要准确的流行数据和有效的疾病控制措施。从表现出血尿和巴贝斯虫病症状的牛身上共采集了13份血液样本。这些样本是从向印度尼西亚日惹不同地区的当地兽医报告这些病例的小农那里获得的。选择农民的依据是他们离兽医诊所的距离和参与研究的意愿。样本收集后，每个血液样本都使用吉姆萨染色的血液涂片进行显微镜检查。检查的目的是确定巴贝斯虫寄生虫在红细胞内的存在。阳性样本表明巴贝虫感染的存在，进一步进行分子分析。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对巴贝虫进行分子检测，筛选出细胞色素b氧化酶(cytb)和18S小亚基核糖体RNA (18S rRNA)两个特异性基因。按照既定方案进行PCR扩增，并用凝胶电泳对扩增结果进行可视化，以确认巴贝斯虫DNA的存在。比较两种PCR方法(cytb和18S rRNA)的敏感性和有效性。从这项研究中获得的数据有助于我们了解中爪哇牛群中巴贝斯虫病的发生情况。研究结果强调需要进行全面的巴贝斯虫病调查，以获得准确的患病率估计，并促进制定有效的疾病控制战略。此外，针对cytb基因的更敏感的扩增有望改善诊断和监测工作。这些见解对于防治巴贝斯虫病和减轻其对畜牧生产的经济影响至关重要。
{"title":"Molecular detection of Babesia infection in cattle in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"YUDHI RATNA NUGRAHENI, BAMBANG ARIYADI, ROCHMADIYANTO ROCHMADIYANTO, NINING KESUMANINGRUM, KUSWARI IMRAN, BAYU PRIYO KARTIKO, NUR ROHMI FARHANI, SUCI NURANI, ANA SAHARA, AAN AWALUDIN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240759","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nugraheni YR, Ariyadi B, Rochmadiyanto, Kesumaningrum N, Imran K, Kartiko BP, Farhani NR, Nurani S, Sahara A, Awaludin A. 2023. Molecular detection of Babesia infection in cattle in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4192-4198. Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by hemoprotozoa that poses a significant threat to livestock production worldwide, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of Babesia sp., the causative agent of babesiosis, in cattle from multiple regions in Central Java, Indonesia. The disease has had substantial negative economic impacts, highlighting the need for accurate prevalence data and effective disease control measures. A total of 13 blood samples were collected from cattle exhibiting symptoms of hematuria and babesiosis. The samples were obtained from smallholder farmers who reported these cases to local veterinarians in various regions of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The farmers were selected based on their proximity to veterinary clinics and willingness to participate in the study. Upon sample collection, each blood sample was subjected to microscopic examination using Giemsa-stained blood smears. The examination aimed to identify the presence of Babesia parasites within the red blood cells. Positive samples, indicating the presence of Babesia infection, were further analyzed by molecular assay. Molecular tests were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the DNA of Babesia sp. Two specific genes were targeted: cytochrome b oxidase (cytb) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA). PCR amplification was carried out following established protocols, and the resulting products were visualized using gel electrophoresis to confirm the presence of Babesia DNA. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the sensitivity and efficacy of the two PCR methods (cytb and 18S rRNA). The data obtained from this study contributes to our understanding of the occurrence of babesiosis in Central Java's cattle population. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive babesiosis disease surveys to obtain accurate prevalence estimates and facilitate the development of effective disease control strategies. Moreover, the more sensitive amplification targeting the cytb gene holds promise for improved diagnostic and surveillance efforts. These insights are crucial for combating babesiosis and mitigating its economic impact on livestock production.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Prihartini M, Rosmalawati S, Sriherwanto C, Mahsunah AH. 2023. Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 24: 4126-4135. Certain yeasts possess the remarkable ability to thrive in the challenging conditions characterized by high sugar levels and low water activity commonly found in honey. However, limited research has been conducted on yeasts isolated from honey in Indonesia. To address this gap, honey samples were collected from three provinces in Indonesia: South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java. A total of ten isolates were obtained and subjected to comprehensive morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. Among these isolates, four (M 1.4, M 1.6, M 1.8, and M 2.4) were selected for molecular identification using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Through sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and performing homology analysis using BLAST on NCBI, it was determined that the M 1.4 and M 1.8 isolates belong to the Zygosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?97%. The M 2.4 isolate was classified as the Schizosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?98%, while the M 1.6 isolate was identified as Zygosaccharomyces siamensis with a percentage identity of ?99%. All four isolates exhibited osmophilic characteristics and demonstrate significant potential as valuable microorganisms for future investigations.
摘要Prihartini M, Rosmalawati S, Sriherwanto C, Mahsunah AH。2023. 印度尼西亚南加里曼丹、万丹和东爪哇省蜂蜜中嗜渗透酵母的分离和鉴定。生物多样性，24:4126-4135。某些酵母具有非凡的能力，在具有挑战性的条件下茁壮成长，其特征是蜂蜜中常见的高糖水平和低水活性。然而，在印度尼西亚对从蜂蜜中分离的酵母进行了有限的研究。为了解决这一差距，从印度尼西亚的三个省:南加里曼丹、万丹和东爪哇收集了蜂蜜样本。共获得10株分离株，并对其进行了全面的形态、生理和生化鉴定。选取m1.4、m1.6、m1.8和m2.4 4株分离菌株，利用ITS1和ITS4引物进行分子鉴定。通过内部转录间隔区(ITS)测序和NCBI上BLAST的同源性分析，确定m1.4和m1.8菌株属于Zygosaccharomyces属，同源性为?97%。分离得到的m2.4菌株鉴定为裂糖菌属，鉴定率为98%;分离得到的m1.6菌株鉴定为siamensis，鉴定率为99%。所有四种分离株均表现出亲渗特性，并显示出作为未来研究有价值的微生物的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia)","authors":"MEILIA PRIHARTINI, SYOFI ROSMALAWATI, CATUR SRIHERWANTO, ANIS HERLIYATI MAHSUNAH","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240751","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Prihartini M, Rosmalawati S, Sriherwanto C, Mahsunah AH. 2023. Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 24: 4126-4135. Certain yeasts possess the remarkable ability to thrive in the challenging conditions characterized by high sugar levels and low water activity commonly found in honey. However, limited research has been conducted on yeasts isolated from honey in Indonesia. To address this gap, honey samples were collected from three provinces in Indonesia: South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java. A total of ten isolates were obtained and subjected to comprehensive morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. Among these isolates, four (M 1.4, M 1.6, M 1.8, and M 2.4) were selected for molecular identification using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Through sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and performing homology analysis using BLAST on NCBI, it was determined that the M 1.4 and M 1.8 isolates belong to the Zygosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?97%. The M 2.4 isolate was classified as the Schizosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?98%, while the M 1.6 isolate was identified as Zygosaccharomyces siamensis with a percentage identity of ?99%. All four isolates exhibited osmophilic characteristics and demonstrate significant potential as valuable microorganisms for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Sawangha M, Dermail A, Chankaew S, Simla S, Lertrat K, Suriharn K. 2023. Reciprocal cross effect over seasons on agronomic and yield traits in waxy corn under tropical savanna. Biodiversitas 24: 4120-4125. The exponentially increasing number of hybrids per additional inbred lines results in a tremendous workload in crop hybrid breeding. The question arises if reciprocal crosses could be excluded in waxy corn hybrids to reduce the workload by up to 50%. In this study, we aimed to assess the importance of reciprocal cross effects for yields, yield components, and agronomic traits of sweet-waxy corn F1hybrids and to validate the stability of those effects over seasons. Five parental lines, comprised of one sweet corn inbred line and four waxy corn inbred lines, were mated through a top cross scheme to generate eight F1progenies, including the reciprocals. All genotypes, including checks, were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the dry season of 2021/2022 and the rainy season of 2022 in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Genotype was significant for all observed traits, and the interaction between genotype and season was significant for all traits. The reciprocal cross-effect was non-significant for most observed traits. The non-significance of the interaction between N vs. R and season confirmed the absence of reciprocal cross effects in different growing seasons. Thus, dissecting one of two possibilities in each cross combination is advisable for affordable hybrid formations. Considering the absence of reciprocal cross effects but significant G × E effect for given traits, allocating more efforts and resources for conducting multi-environment trials is advisable to reduce the gap between actual and potential yields of testing hybrids.
{"title":"Reciprocal cross effect over seasons on agronomic and yield traits in waxy corn under tropical savanna","authors":"MATTANA SAWANGHA, ABIL DERMAIL, SOMPONG CHANKAEW, SAKUNKAN SIMLA, KAMOL LERTRAT, KHUNDEJ SURIHARN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240750","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sawangha M, Dermail A, Chankaew S, Simla S, Lertrat K, Suriharn K. 2023. Reciprocal cross effect over seasons on agronomic and yield traits in waxy corn under tropical savanna. Biodiversitas 24: 4120-4125. The exponentially increasing number of hybrids per additional inbred lines results in a tremendous workload in crop hybrid breeding. The question arises if reciprocal crosses could be excluded in waxy corn hybrids to reduce the workload by up to 50%. In this study, we aimed to assess the importance of reciprocal cross effects for yields, yield components, and agronomic traits of sweet-waxy corn F1hybrids and to validate the stability of those effects over seasons. Five parental lines, comprised of one sweet corn inbred line and four waxy corn inbred lines, were mated through a top cross scheme to generate eight F1progenies, including the reciprocals. All genotypes, including checks, were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the dry season of 2021/2022 and the rainy season of 2022 in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Genotype was significant for all observed traits, and the interaction between genotype and season was significant for all traits. The reciprocal cross-effect was non-significant for most observed traits. The non-significance of the interaction between N vs. R and season confirmed the absence of reciprocal cross effects in different growing seasons. Thus, dissecting one of two possibilities in each cross combination is advisable for affordable hybrid formations. Considering the absence of reciprocal cross effects but significant G × E effect for given traits, allocating more efforts and resources for conducting multi-environment trials is advisable to reduce the gap between actual and potential yields of testing hybrids.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RIMA HERLINA SETIAWATI SIBURIAN, JULIA ROSEMARY TAPILATU, MARYROSE EASTER TAPILATU
Abstract. Siburian RHS, Tapilatu JR, Tapilatu ME. 2023. Discovery of habitat preferences and community structure of Echinoderms in Kri, Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3968-3976. Raja Ampat, located in Papua, Indonesia, is home to one of the most diverse coral reef ecosystems and is a component of the Coral Triangle. The coral in Raja Ampat is still considered to be in good health. Although the marine fauna in Raja Ampat is pristine and diverse, there have still only been a few studies in this region. The scientific research on the Echinoderms in Raja Ampat is limited, particularly as a primary input for data research. In this study, we present Echinoderm's habitat and community structure in the Kri coastal area at Mansuar Island based on the data collected at field sampling. From January to February 2023, data were collected intensively during morning and afternoon low tide for three repetitions each, at 5-10 m depths. We conducted morphological species identification. Asteroidea, Holothuroidea, Echinoidea, and Crinoidea were found to be the four major classes of Echinodermata that dominated the sampling area, with a total of 20 species and 180 individuals. Each Echinodermata species has its preferred Kri coastal habitat based on its food supply, unique behavior, and body structure. In addition, the result indicates that this region has a moderate diversity level, with low dominance and moderate to high uniformity. This research provides new information on the ecology of Echinoderms in eastern Indonesia, particularly in Raja Ampat.
{"title":"Discovery of habitat preferences and community structure of Echinoderms in Kri, Raja Ampat, Indonesia","authors":"RIMA HERLINA SETIAWATI SIBURIAN, JULIA ROSEMARY TAPILATU, MARYROSE EASTER TAPILATU","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Siburian RHS, Tapilatu JR, Tapilatu ME. 2023. Discovery of habitat preferences and community structure of Echinoderms in Kri, Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3968-3976. Raja Ampat, located in Papua, Indonesia, is home to one of the most diverse coral reef ecosystems and is a component of the Coral Triangle. The coral in Raja Ampat is still considered to be in good health. Although the marine fauna in Raja Ampat is pristine and diverse, there have still only been a few studies in this region. The scientific research on the Echinoderms in Raja Ampat is limited, particularly as a primary input for data research. In this study, we present Echinoderm's habitat and community structure in the Kri coastal area at Mansuar Island based on the data collected at field sampling. From January to February 2023, data were collected intensively during morning and afternoon low tide for three repetitions each, at 5-10 m depths. We conducted morphological species identification. Asteroidea, Holothuroidea, Echinoidea, and Crinoidea were found to be the four major classes of Echinodermata that dominated the sampling area, with a total of 20 species and 180 individuals. Each Echinodermata species has its preferred Kri coastal habitat based on its food supply, unique behavior, and body structure. In addition, the result indicates that this region has a moderate diversity level, with low dominance and moderate to high uniformity. This research provides new information on the ecology of Echinoderms in eastern Indonesia, particularly in Raja Ampat.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZAKIYYAH NUR INAYAH, MUHAMMAD MUSA, DIANA ARFIATI, RIZKY KUSMA PRATIWI
Abstract. Inayah ZN, Musa M, Arfiati D, Pratiwi RK. 2023. Community structure of plankton in Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), pond ecosystem. Biodiversitas 24: 4008-4016. Plankton in shrimp farming can be used to maintain the balance of the pond ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the plankton community in the whiteleg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp pond ecosystem. This research was conducted in January-April 2023 and it is a descriptive study using a survey method. The research location is in an intensive whiteleg shrimp aquaculture pond in Probolinggo, East Java. The results showed that the plankton found in whiteleg shrimp ponds consisted of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The phytoplankton found consisted of 4 phyla with 18 genera, while zooplankton consisted of 3 phyla with 8 genera. Phytoplankton phylum consists of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Dinophyta, while zooplankton consists of Arthropoda, Ciliophora and Rotifera phyla. The highest total abundance of phytoplankton was 8,192,370 cells/L, while zooplankton was 55,121 cells/L. The highest abundance of phytoplankton was Oocystis (Chlorophyta) of 8,094,015 cells/L, while zooplankton, namely Euplotes (Ciliophora) was 40,154 ind/L. The index of diversity, uniformity and dominance of phytoplankton ranged from 0.05-1.76, 0.02-0.65 and 0.38-0.99, respectively. Zooplankton has diversity, uniformity and dominance indices ranging from 0-2.03, 0-1 and 0.27-1, respectively.
{"title":"Community structure of plankton in Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), pond ecosystem","authors":"ZAKIYYAH NUR INAYAH, MUHAMMAD MUSA, DIANA ARFIATI, RIZKY KUSMA PRATIWI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240738","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Inayah ZN, Musa M, Arfiati D, Pratiwi RK. 2023. Community structure of plankton in Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), pond ecosystem. Biodiversitas 24: 4008-4016. Plankton in shrimp farming can be used to maintain the balance of the pond ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the plankton community in the whiteleg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp pond ecosystem. This research was conducted in January-April 2023 and it is a descriptive study using a survey method. The research location is in an intensive whiteleg shrimp aquaculture pond in Probolinggo, East Java. The results showed that the plankton found in whiteleg shrimp ponds consisted of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The phytoplankton found consisted of 4 phyla with 18 genera, while zooplankton consisted of 3 phyla with 8 genera. Phytoplankton phylum consists of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Dinophyta, while zooplankton consists of Arthropoda, Ciliophora and Rotifera phyla. The highest total abundance of phytoplankton was 8,192,370 cells/L, while zooplankton was 55,121 cells/L. The highest abundance of phytoplankton was Oocystis (Chlorophyta) of 8,094,015 cells/L, while zooplankton, namely Euplotes (Ciliophora) was 40,154 ind/L. The index of diversity, uniformity and dominance of phytoplankton ranged from 0.05-1.76, 0.02-0.65 and 0.38-0.99, respectively. Zooplankton has diversity, uniformity and dominance indices ranging from 0-2.03, 0-1 and 0.27-1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135065014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ANA SAHARA, BAMBANG HERU BUDIANTO, RONY MARSYAL KUNDA, LINTANG WINANTYA FIRDAUSY
Abstract. Sahara A, Budianto BH, Kunda RM, Firdausy LW. 2023. Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4087-4094. Massive attacks of were found Haemaphysalis bispinosa in beef cattle farms in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Besides it makes blood loss, they also have the potential to become vectors of several diseases. The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of infestation, describe the morphology, fecundity, and timing of oviposition, as well as the preferred attachment sites for ticks. The samples were collected manually, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred sites of attachment of ticks. The morphology and occurrence of tick attachment sites, egg production, and hatchability were examined macroscopically and microscopically, and the obtained data we assessed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings indicated that, in contrast to the body area and the front and back legs, the tick predilection locations were the head, ears, and neck region. An engorged female may generate an average of 731.5±106 eggs throughout her 10-day oviposition cycle. After 17-30 days, tick eggs hatch into larvae; on average, 626.3±56 eggs per tick female successfully hatch into larvae.
{"title":"Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia","authors":"ANA SAHARA, BAMBANG HERU BUDIANTO, RONY MARSYAL KUNDA, LINTANG WINANTYA FIRDAUSY","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240747","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sahara A, Budianto BH, Kunda RM, Firdausy LW. 2023. Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4087-4094. Massive attacks of were found Haemaphysalis bispinosa in beef cattle farms in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Besides it makes blood loss, they also have the potential to become vectors of several diseases. The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of infestation, describe the morphology, fecundity, and timing of oviposition, as well as the preferred attachment sites for ticks. The samples were collected manually, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred sites of attachment of ticks. The morphology and occurrence of tick attachment sites, egg production, and hatchability were examined macroscopically and microscopically, and the obtained data we assessed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings indicated that, in contrast to the body area and the front and back legs, the tick predilection locations were the head, ears, and neck region. An engorged female may generate an average of 731.5±106 eggs throughout her 10-day oviposition cycle. After 17-30 days, tick eggs hatch into larvae; on average, 626.3±56 eggs per tick female successfully hatch into larvae.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LISTIHANI LISTIHANI, I GUSTI AYU DIAH YUNITI, PUTU LASMI YULIANTHI SAPANCA, NI PUTU PANDAWANI, DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA
Abstract. Listihani L, Yuniti IGAD, Sapanca PLY, Pandawani NP, Selangga DGW. 2023. The antiviral potential of macroalgae in suppressing Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infection in sweet potatoes. Biodiversitas 24: 4079-4086. Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) was first found in sweet potatoes in Indonesia in 2022. Prevention of spread of virus is essential, especially by using macroalgae extract which is environmentally friendly and has antiviral activity. The aim of present research was to test the potential of sea macroalgae to suppress SPLCV infection and to analyze phytochemicals of potential macroalgae containing an antiviral substance. Macroalgae extract was sprayed on the test plants that were infected by SPLCV. The observed parameters were changes in symptoms, disease incidence and severity, virus confirmation by PCR, and phytochemical analysis. The test results up to day 21 showed that Eucheuma spinosum was found to be effective in suppressing SPLCV infection in sweet potatoes, up to symptomless infection in young leaves. E. spinosum and E. cottonii suppressed disease incidence by 80% and 40% and lower disease severity as much as 71% and 48%, while E. serra showed less ability to suppress SPLCV infection. The two macroalgae had flavonoid, saponin, and steroid content which may be the reason to suppress the viral infection. The results of PCR analysis showed that microalgal extract had the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with Gianyar (LC586170) isolate with values of 99.7 and 100%. The macroalgae with the highest ability to suppress the virus were E. spinosum and E. cottonii. This showed that the application of macroalgae extract did not change the amino acid sequence of SPLCV isolate.
{"title":"The antiviral potential of macroalgae in suppressing Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infection in sweet potatoes","authors":"LISTIHANI LISTIHANI, I GUSTI AYU DIAH YUNITI, PUTU LASMI YULIANTHI SAPANCA, NI PUTU PANDAWANI, DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240746","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Listihani L, Yuniti IGAD, Sapanca PLY, Pandawani NP, Selangga DGW. 2023. The antiviral potential of macroalgae in suppressing Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infection in sweet potatoes. Biodiversitas 24: 4079-4086. Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) was first found in sweet potatoes in Indonesia in 2022. Prevention of spread of virus is essential, especially by using macroalgae extract which is environmentally friendly and has antiviral activity. The aim of present research was to test the potential of sea macroalgae to suppress SPLCV infection and to analyze phytochemicals of potential macroalgae containing an antiviral substance. Macroalgae extract was sprayed on the test plants that were infected by SPLCV. The observed parameters were changes in symptoms, disease incidence and severity, virus confirmation by PCR, and phytochemical analysis. The test results up to day 21 showed that Eucheuma spinosum was found to be effective in suppressing SPLCV infection in sweet potatoes, up to symptomless infection in young leaves. E. spinosum and E. cottonii suppressed disease incidence by 80% and 40% and lower disease severity as much as 71% and 48%, while E. serra showed less ability to suppress SPLCV infection. The two macroalgae had flavonoid, saponin, and steroid content which may be the reason to suppress the viral infection. The results of PCR analysis showed that microalgal extract had the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with Gianyar (LC586170) isolate with values of 99.7 and 100%. The macroalgae with the highest ability to suppress the virus were E. spinosum and E. cottonii. This showed that the application of macroalgae extract did not change the amino acid sequence of SPLCV isolate.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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