Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100620
Yiting Tao, Michael Lucas, Asanka Perera, Samuel Teague, Timothy McIntyre, Titilayo Ogunwa, Eric Warrant, Javaan Chahl
Moving in straight lines is a behaviour that enables organisms to search for food, move away from threats, and ultimately seek suitable environments in which to survive and reproduce. This study explores a vision-based technique for detecting a change in heading direction using the Milky Way (MW), one of the navigational cues that are known to be used by night-active insects. An algorithm is proposed that combines the YOLOv8m-seg model and normalised second central moments to calculate the MW orientation angle. This method addresses many likely scenarios where segmentation of the MW from the background by image thresholding or edge detection is not applicable, such as when the moon is substantial or when anthropogenic light is present. The proposed YOLOv8m-seg model achieves a segment mAP@0.5 of 84.7% on the validation dataset using our own training dataset of MW images. To explore its potential role in autonomous system applications, we compare night sky imagery and GPS heading data from a field trial in rural South Australia. The comparison results show that for short-term navigation, the segmented MW image can be used as a reliable orientation cue. There is a difference of roughly 5-10° between the proposed method and GT as the path involves left or right 90° turns at certain locations.
{"title":"A Deep Learning Biomimetic Milky Way Compass.","authors":"Yiting Tao, Michael Lucas, Asanka Perera, Samuel Teague, Timothy McIntyre, Titilayo Ogunwa, Eric Warrant, Javaan Chahl","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moving in straight lines is a behaviour that enables organisms to search for food, move away from threats, and ultimately seek suitable environments in which to survive and reproduce. This study explores a vision-based technique for detecting a change in heading direction using the Milky Way (MW), one of the navigational cues that are known to be used by night-active insects. An algorithm is proposed that combines the YOLOv8m-seg model and normalised second central moments to calculate the MW orientation angle. This method addresses many likely scenarios where segmentation of the MW from the background by image thresholding or edge detection is not applicable, such as when the moon is substantial or when anthropogenic light is present. The proposed YOLOv8m-seg model achieves a segment mAP@0.5 of 84.7% on the validation dataset using our own training dataset of MW images. To explore its potential role in autonomous system applications, we compare night sky imagery and GPS heading data from a field trial in rural South Australia. The comparison results show that for short-term navigation, the segmented MW image can be used as a reliable orientation cue. There is a difference of roughly 5-10° between the proposed method and GT as the path involves left or right 90° turns at certain locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100618
Masami Iwamoto, Noritoshi Atsumi, Daichi Kato
Simultaneous and cooperative muscle activation results in involuntary posture stabilization in vertebrates. However, the mechanism through which more muscles than joints contribute to this stabilization remains unclear. We developed a computational human body model with 949 muscle action lines and 22 joints and examined muscle activation patterns for stabilizing right upper or lower extremity motions at a neutral body posture (NBP) under gravity using actor-critic reinforcement learning (ACRL). Two feedback control models (FCM), muscle length change (FCM-ML) and joint angle differences, were applied to ACRL with a normalized Gaussian network (ACRL-NGN) or deep deterministic policy gradient. Our findings indicate that among the six control methods, ACRL-NGN with FCM-ML, utilizing solely antagonistic feedback control of muscle length change without relying on synergy pattern control or categorizing muscles as flexors, extensors, agonists, or synergists, achieved the most efficient involuntary NBP stabilization. This finding suggests that vertebrate muscles are fundamentally controlled without categorization of muscles for targeted joint motion and are involuntarily controlled to achieve the NBP, which is the most comfortable posture under gravity. Thus, ACRL-NGN with FCM-ML is suitable for controlling humanoid muscles and enables the development of a comfortable seat design.
{"title":"Antagonistic Feedback Control of Muscle Length Changes for Efficient Involuntary Posture Stabilization.","authors":"Masami Iwamoto, Noritoshi Atsumi, Daichi Kato","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous and cooperative muscle activation results in involuntary posture stabilization in vertebrates. However, the mechanism through which more muscles than joints contribute to this stabilization remains unclear. We developed a computational human body model with 949 muscle action lines and 22 joints and examined muscle activation patterns for stabilizing right upper or lower extremity motions at a neutral body posture (NBP) under gravity using actor-critic reinforcement learning (ACRL). Two feedback control models (FCM), muscle length change (FCM-ML) and joint angle differences, were applied to ACRL with a normalized Gaussian network (ACRL-NGN) or deep deterministic policy gradient. Our findings indicate that among the six control methods, ACRL-NGN with FCM-ML, utilizing solely antagonistic feedback control of muscle length change without relying on synergy pattern control or categorizing muscles as flexors, extensors, agonists, or synergists, achieved the most efficient involuntary NBP stabilization. This finding suggests that vertebrate muscles are fundamentally controlled without categorization of muscles for targeted joint motion and are involuntarily controlled to achieve the NBP, which is the most comfortable posture under gravity. Thus, ACRL-NGN with FCM-ML is suitable for controlling humanoid muscles and enables the development of a comfortable seat design.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100617
Ge Shi, Jinhao Wang, Yuehua Dong, Song Hu, Long Zheng, Luquan Ren
Snakes can move freely on land, in lakes, and in other environments. During movement, the scales are in long-term contact with the external environment, providing protection to the body. In this study, we evaluated the mechanical properties and scratching performance of the ventral and dorsal scales from Dinodon rufozonatum, a generalist species that moves on both land and in streams under wet and dry conditions. The results showed that the elastic modulus and hardness of the dry scales were greater than those of the wet scales. The average scale friction coefficient under wet conditions (0.1588) was 9.3% greater than that under dry conditions (0.1453). The scales exhibit brittle damage in dry environments, while in wet environments, ductile damage is observed. This adaptation mechanism allows the scales to protect the body by dissipating energy and reducing stress concentration, ensuring efficient locomotion and durability in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Understanding how this biomaterial adapts to environmental changes can inspire the development of bionic materials.
{"title":"Effect of Surface Morphology and Internal Structure on the Tribological Behaviors of Snake Scales from <i>Dinodon rufozonatum</i>.","authors":"Ge Shi, Jinhao Wang, Yuehua Dong, Song Hu, Long Zheng, Luquan Ren","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakes can move freely on land, in lakes, and in other environments. During movement, the scales are in long-term contact with the external environment, providing protection to the body. In this study, we evaluated the mechanical properties and scratching performance of the ventral and dorsal scales from <i>Dinodon rufozonatum</i>, a generalist species that moves on both land and in streams under wet and dry conditions. The results showed that the elastic modulus and hardness of the dry scales were greater than those of the wet scales. The average scale friction coefficient under wet conditions (0.1588) was 9.3% greater than that under dry conditions (0.1453). The scales exhibit brittle damage in dry environments, while in wet environments, ductile damage is observed. This adaptation mechanism allows the scales to protect the body by dissipating energy and reducing stress concentration, ensuring efficient locomotion and durability in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Understanding how this biomaterial adapts to environmental changes can inspire the development of bionic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100616
Javier Andrés-Esperanza, José L Iserte-Vilar, Víctor Roda-Casanova
Stroke often causes neuromotor disabilities, impacting index finger function in daily activities. Due to the role of repetitive, even passive, finger movements in neuromuscular re-education and spasticity control, this study aims to design a rehabilitation exoskeleton based on the pulp pinch movement. The exoskeleton uses an underactuated RML topology with a single degree of mobility, customized from 3D scans of the patient's hand. It consists of eight links, incorporating two consecutive four-bar mechanisms and the third inversion of a crank-slider. A two-stage genetic optimization was applied, first to the location of the intermediate joint between the two four-bar mechanisms and later to the remaining dimensions. A targeted genetic optimization process monitored two quality metrics: average mechanical advantage from extension to flexion, and its variability. By analyzing the relationship between these metrics and key parameters at different synthesis stages, the population evaluated is reduced by up to 96.2%, compared to previous studies for the same problem. This custom-fit exoskeleton uses a small linear actuator to deliver a stable 12.45 N force to the fingertip with near-constant mechanical advantage during flexion. It enables repetitive pulp pinch movements in a flaccid finger, improving rehabilitation consistency and facilitating home-based therapy.
中风通常会导致神经运动障碍,影响食指在日常活动中的功能。由于手指重复运动(甚至是被动运动)在神经肌肉再教育和痉挛控制中的作用,本研究旨在设计一种基于捏纸浆运动的康复外骨骼。该外骨骼采用单度活动度的欠驱动 RML 拓扑,根据患者手部的 3D 扫描结果定制。它由八个链接组成,包含两个连续的四杆机构和曲柄滑块的第三个反向机构。首先对两个四杆机构之间的中间关节位置进行了两阶段遗传优化,随后对其余尺寸进行了优化。有针对性的遗传优化过程监控了两个质量指标:从伸展到弯曲的平均机械优势及其可变性。通过分析这些指标与不同合成阶段关键参数之间的关系,与之前针对相同问题的研究相比,评估的群体数量最多减少了 96.2%。这种定制的外骨骼使用小型线性致动器,在屈曲过程中以近乎恒定的机械优势向指尖提供稳定的 12.45 牛顿力。它能让松弛的手指进行重复的捏髓运动,提高康复的一致性,方便家庭治疗。
{"title":"Design and Optimization of a Custom-Made Six-Bar Exoskeleton for Pulp Pinch Grasp Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients.","authors":"Javier Andrés-Esperanza, José L Iserte-Vilar, Víctor Roda-Casanova","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke often causes neuromotor disabilities, impacting index finger function in daily activities. Due to the role of repetitive, even passive, finger movements in neuromuscular re-education and spasticity control, this study aims to design a rehabilitation exoskeleton based on the pulp pinch movement. The exoskeleton uses an underactuated RML topology with a single degree of mobility, customized from 3D scans of the patient's hand. It consists of eight links, incorporating two consecutive four-bar mechanisms and the third inversion of a crank-slider. A two-stage genetic optimization was applied, first to the location of the intermediate joint between the two four-bar mechanisms and later to the remaining dimensions. A targeted genetic optimization process monitored two quality metrics: average mechanical advantage from extension to flexion, and its variability. By analyzing the relationship between these metrics and key parameters at different synthesis stages, the population evaluated is reduced by up to 96.2%, compared to previous studies for the same problem. This custom-fit exoskeleton uses a small linear actuator to deliver a stable 12.45 N force to the fingertip with near-constant mechanical advantage during flexion. It enables repetitive pulp pinch movements in a flaccid finger, improving rehabilitation consistency and facilitating home-based therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100613
Zhaohui Gao, Huan Mo, Zicheng Yan, Qinqin Fan
To facilitate the intelligent classification of unmanned highway toll stations, selecting effective and useful features is pivotal. This process involves achieving a tradeoff between the number of features and the classification accuracy while also reducing the acquisition costs of features. To address these challenges, a multimodal multi-objective feature selection (MMOFS) method is proposed in the current study. In the MMOFS, we utilize a multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to choose features for the unmanned highway toll station classification model and use the random forest method for classification. The primary contribution of the current study is to propose a feature selection method specifically designed for the classification model of unmanned highway toll stations. Experimental results using actual data from highway toll stations demonstrate that the proposed MMOFS outperforms the other two competitors in terms of PSP, HV, and IGD. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can provide decision-makers with multiple equivalent feature selection schemes. This approach achieves a harmonious balance between the model complexity and the classification accuracy based on actual scenarios, thereby providing guidance for the construction of unmanned highway toll stations.
{"title":"A Multimodal Multi-Objective Feature Selection Method for Intelligent Rating Models of Unmanned Highway Toll Stations.","authors":"Zhaohui Gao, Huan Mo, Zicheng Yan, Qinqin Fan","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To facilitate the intelligent classification of unmanned highway toll stations, selecting effective and useful features is pivotal. This process involves achieving a tradeoff between the number of features and the classification accuracy while also reducing the acquisition costs of features. To address these challenges, a multimodal multi-objective feature selection (MMOFS) method is proposed in the current study. In the MMOFS, we utilize a multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to choose features for the unmanned highway toll station classification model and use the random forest method for classification. The primary contribution of the current study is to propose a feature selection method specifically designed for the classification model of unmanned highway toll stations. Experimental results using actual data from highway toll stations demonstrate that the proposed MMOFS outperforms the other two competitors in terms of PSP, HV, and IGD. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can provide decision-makers with multiple equivalent feature selection schemes. This approach achieves a harmonious balance between the model complexity and the classification accuracy based on actual scenarios, thereby providing guidance for the construction of unmanned highway toll stations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100614
Ille C Gebeshuber
In light of recent global crises, including climate change, species extinction, the COVID-19 pandemic, social upheavals and energy supply challenges, this Special Issue of Biomimetics, entitled "Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Biomimetic Design, Constructions and Devices in Times of Change", aims to explore innovative solutions through biomimetics. This collection features research on various biomimetic applications, such as the peptide-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, ergonomic improvements for prolonged sitting, biomimicry industry trends, prosthetic foot functionality and agricultural machinery efficiency. The methods employed include peptide synthesis for diagnostics, simulation software for ergonomic designs, patent analysis for biomimicry trends and engineering discrete element methods for agricultural applications. The findings highlight significant advancements in health diagnostics, ergonomic safety, technological development, prosthetics and sustainable agriculture. The research underscores the potential of biomimetic approaches to address contemporary challenges by leveraging nature-inspired designs and processes. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of how biomimetic principles can lead to adaptive and sustainable solutions in times of change, promoting resilience and innovation across various fields.
{"title":"Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Biomimetic Design, Constructions and Devices in Times of Change I.","authors":"Ille C Gebeshuber","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In light of recent global crises, including climate change, species extinction, the COVID-19 pandemic, social upheavals and energy supply challenges, this Special Issue of <i>Biomimetics</i>, entitled \"Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Biomimetic Design, Constructions and Devices in Times of Change\", aims to explore innovative solutions through biomimetics. This collection features research on various biomimetic applications, such as the peptide-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, ergonomic improvements for prolonged sitting, biomimicry industry trends, prosthetic foot functionality and agricultural machinery efficiency. The methods employed include peptide synthesis for diagnostics, simulation software for ergonomic designs, patent analysis for biomimicry trends and engineering discrete element methods for agricultural applications. The findings highlight significant advancements in health diagnostics, ergonomic safety, technological development, prosthetics and sustainable agriculture. The research underscores the potential of biomimetic approaches to address contemporary challenges by leveraging nature-inspired designs and processes. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of how biomimetic principles can lead to adaptive and sustainable solutions in times of change, promoting resilience and innovation across various fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100615
Xiaoyong Zhao, Chengjin Huang, Lei Wang
In recent years, deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging the Transformer architecture, have garnered widespread attention for network traffic anomaly detection. However, when dealing with noisy data sets, directly inputting network traffic sequences into Transformer networks often significantly degrades detection performance due to interference and noise across dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel network traffic anomaly detection model, MTC-Net, which reduces computational complexity and enhances the model's ability to capture long-distance dependencies. This is achieved by decomposing network traffic sequences into multiple unidimensional time sequences and introducing a patch-based strategy that enables each sub-sequence to retain local semantic information. A backbone network combining Transformer and CNN is employed to capture complex patterns, with information from all channels being fused at the final classification header in order to achieve modelling and detection of complex network traffic patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that MTC-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in several evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, on four publicly available data sets: KDD Cup 99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CIC-IDS2017.
近年来,基于深度学习的方法,尤其是那些利用 Transformer 架构的方法,在网络流量异常检测方面获得了广泛关注。然而,在处理高噪声数据集时,由于跨维度的干扰和噪声,将网络流量序列直接输入 Transformer 网络往往会大大降低检测性能。在本文中,我们提出了一种新型的多通道网络流量异常检测模型 MTC-Net,它降低了计算复杂度,并增强了模型捕捉长距离依赖关系的能力。具体做法是将网络流量序列分解为多个单维时间序列,并引入基于补丁的策略,使每个子序列都能保留本地语义信息。结合 Transformer 和 CNN 的骨干网络用于捕捉复杂模式,在最终分类头融合来自所有通道的信息,以实现复杂网络流量模式的建模和检测。实验结果表明,在四个公开数据集上,MTC-Net 在准确度、精确度、召回率和 F1 分数等多个评估指标上都优于现有的先进方法:这些数据集包括:KDD Cup 99、NSL-KDD、UNSW-NB15 和 CIC-IDS2017。
{"title":"MTC-NET: A Multi-Channel Independent Anomaly Detection Method for Network Traffic.","authors":"Xiaoyong Zhao, Chengjin Huang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging the Transformer architecture, have garnered widespread attention for network traffic anomaly detection. However, when dealing with noisy data sets, directly inputting network traffic sequences into Transformer networks often significantly degrades detection performance due to interference and noise across dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel network traffic anomaly detection model, MTC-Net, which reduces computational complexity and enhances the model's ability to capture long-distance dependencies. This is achieved by decomposing network traffic sequences into multiple unidimensional time sequences and introducing a patch-based strategy that enables each sub-sequence to retain local semantic information. A backbone network combining Transformer and CNN is employed to capture complex patterns, with information from all channels being fused at the final classification header in order to achieve modelling and detection of complex network traffic patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that MTC-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in several evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, on four publicly available data sets: KDD Cup 99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CIC-IDS2017.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Agile Robotics for Industrial Automation Competition (ARIAC) was established to advance flexible manufacturing, aiming to increase the agility of robotic assembly systems in unstructured and dynamic industrial environments. ARIAC 2023 introduced eight agility challenges involving faulty parts, flipped parts, faulty grippers, robot malfunctions, sensor blackouts, high-priority orders, insufficient parts, and human safety. Given the unpredictability of these scenarios, it is impractical to develop a specific strategy for each possible situation. To address these issues, this paper presents a hierarchical framework for autonomous robotic task generation and execution in dynamic scenarios. The framework is divided into a task level and an execution level. Initially, an immediate task management strategy is adopted at the task level, which reasonably decomposes dynamic tasks and allocates short-term tasks to the floor robot and ceiling robot. Later, at the execution level, each robot is designed with an agent architecture that combines PDDL planning with the quick response of behavior trees. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed framework were thoroughly validated in ARIAC 2023.
{"title":"Autonomous Robot Task Execution in Flexible Manufacturing: Integrating PDDL and Behavior Trees in ARIAC 2023.","authors":"Ruikai Liu, Guangxi Wan, Maowei Jiang, Haojie Chen, Peng Zeng","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Agile Robotics for Industrial Automation Competition (ARIAC) was established to advance flexible manufacturing, aiming to increase the agility of robotic assembly systems in unstructured and dynamic industrial environments. ARIAC 2023 introduced eight agility challenges involving faulty parts, flipped parts, faulty grippers, robot malfunctions, sensor blackouts, high-priority orders, insufficient parts, and human safety. Given the unpredictability of these scenarios, it is impractical to develop a specific strategy for each possible situation. To address these issues, this paper presents a hierarchical framework for autonomous robotic task generation and execution in dynamic scenarios. The framework is divided into a task level and an execution level. Initially, an immediate task management strategy is adopted at the task level, which reasonably decomposes dynamic tasks and allocates short-term tasks to the floor robot and ceiling robot. Later, at the execution level, each robot is designed with an agent architecture that combines PDDL planning with the quick response of behavior trees. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed framework were thoroughly validated in ARIAC 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100609
Yerken Mirasbekov, Nurduman Aidossov, Aigerim Mashekova, Vasilios Zarikas, Yong Zhao, Eddie Yin Kwee Ng, Anna Midlenko
Breast cancer remains a global health problem requiring effective diagnostic methods for early detection, in order to achieve the World Health Organization's ultimate goal of breast self-examination. A literature review indicates the urgency of improving diagnostic methods and identifies thermography as a promising, cost-effective, non-invasive, adjunctive, and complementary detection method. This research explores the potential of using machine learning techniques, specifically Bayesian networks combined with convolutional neural networks, to improve possible breast cancer diagnosis at early stages. Explainable artificial intelligence aims to clarify the reasoning behind any output of artificial neural network-based models. The proposed integration adds interpretability of the diagnosis, which is particularly significant for a medical diagnosis. We constructed two diagnostic expert models: Model A and Model B. In this research, Model A, combining thermal images after the explainable artificial intelligence process together with medical records, achieved an accuracy of 84.07%, while model B, which also includes a convolutional neural network prediction, achieved an accuracy of 90.93%. These results demonstrate the potential of explainable artificial intelligence to improve possible breast cancer diagnosis, with very high accuracy.
乳腺癌仍然是一个全球性的健康问题,需要有效的诊断方法进行早期检测,以实现世界卫生组织提出的乳房自我检查的最终目标。文献综述表明,改进诊断方法迫在眉睫,热成像技术是一种前景广阔、经济有效、非侵入性、辅助性和补充性的检测方法。这项研究探索了使用机器学习技术(特别是贝叶斯网络与卷积神经网络相结合)改善早期乳腺癌诊断的可能性。可解释人工智能旨在阐明基于人工神经网络模型的任何输出背后的推理。建议的整合增加了诊断的可解释性,这对医学诊断尤为重要。我们构建了两个专家诊断模型:在这项研究中,模型 A 结合了经过可解释人工智能处理的热图像和医疗记录,准确率达到 84.07%,而模型 B 也包括卷积神经网络预测,准确率达到 90.93%。这些结果证明了可解释人工智能在提高乳腺癌诊断准确率方面的潜力。
{"title":"Fully Interpretable Deep Learning Model Using IR Thermal Images for Possible Breast Cancer Cases.","authors":"Yerken Mirasbekov, Nurduman Aidossov, Aigerim Mashekova, Vasilios Zarikas, Yong Zhao, Eddie Yin Kwee Ng, Anna Midlenko","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains a global health problem requiring effective diagnostic methods for early detection, in order to achieve the World Health Organization's ultimate goal of breast self-examination. A literature review indicates the urgency of improving diagnostic methods and identifies thermography as a promising, cost-effective, non-invasive, adjunctive, and complementary detection method. This research explores the potential of using machine learning techniques, specifically Bayesian networks combined with convolutional neural networks, to improve possible breast cancer diagnosis at early stages. Explainable artificial intelligence aims to clarify the reasoning behind any output of artificial neural network-based models. The proposed integration adds interpretability of the diagnosis, which is particularly significant for a medical diagnosis. We constructed two diagnostic expert models: Model A and Model B. In this research, Model A, combining thermal images after the explainable artificial intelligence process together with medical records, achieved an accuracy of 84.07%, while model B, which also includes a convolutional neural network prediction, achieved an accuracy of 90.93%. These results demonstrate the potential of explainable artificial intelligence to improve possible breast cancer diagnosis, with very high accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100611
Na Liu, Xujie Liu, Yueming Jiang, Peng Liu, Yuanyuan Gao, Hang Ding, Yujun Zhao
The wheel hub is an important component of the wheel, and a good hub design can significantly improve vehicle handling, stability, and braking performance, ensuring safe driving. This article optimized the hub structure through morphological aspects, where reducing the hub weight contributed to enhanced fuel efficiency and overall vehicle performance. By referencing honeycombed structures, a bionic hub design is numerically simulated using finite element analysis and response surface optimization. The results showed that under the optimization of the response surface analytical model, the maximum stress of the optimized bionic hub was 109.34 MPa, compared to 119.77 MPa for the standard hub, representing an 8.7% reduction in maximum stress. The standard hub weighs 34.02 kg, while the optimized hub weight was reduced to 29.89 kg, a decrease of 12.13%. A fatigue analysis on the optimized hub indicated that at a stress of 109.34 MPa, the minimum load cycles were 4.217 × 105 at the connection point with the half-shaft, meeting the fatigue life requirements for commercial vehicle hubs outlined in the national standard GB/T 5334-2021.
{"title":"Bionic Optimization Design and Fatigue Life Prediction of a Honeycomb-Structured Wheel Hub.","authors":"Na Liu, Xujie Liu, Yueming Jiang, Peng Liu, Yuanyuan Gao, Hang Ding, Yujun Zhao","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wheel hub is an important component of the wheel, and a good hub design can significantly improve vehicle handling, stability, and braking performance, ensuring safe driving. This article optimized the hub structure through morphological aspects, where reducing the hub weight contributed to enhanced fuel efficiency and overall vehicle performance. By referencing honeycombed structures, a bionic hub design is numerically simulated using finite element analysis and response surface optimization. The results showed that under the optimization of the response surface analytical model, the maximum stress of the optimized bionic hub was 109.34 MPa, compared to 119.77 MPa for the standard hub, representing an 8.7% reduction in maximum stress. The standard hub weighs 34.02 kg, while the optimized hub weight was reduced to 29.89 kg, a decrease of 12.13%. A fatigue analysis on the optimized hub indicated that at a stress of 109.34 MPa, the minimum load cycles were 4.217 × 10<sup>5</sup> at the connection point with the half-shaft, meeting the fatigue life requirements for commercial vehicle hubs outlined in the national standard GB/T 5334-2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}