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Biomimetic Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Biocides Based on Garlic and Lavender in Surface Waters. 基于大蒜和薰衣草的杀菌剂在地表水中抗菌活性的生物模拟研究
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100591
Mădălina Grinzeanu, Oanamari Daniela Orbuleț, Annette Madelene Dăncilă, Constantin Bobirică, Cristina Modrogan, Liliana Bobirică, Mădălina Andreea Pandele

For a given aquatic ecosystem that will be used as a water source, it is necessary to establish the quality of the water from a microbiological point of view by identifying the pathogens present in the water. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the antimicrobial activity of some biocides derived from garlic (garlic-methanol extract) and lavender (lavender-water extract). Their efficiency was evaluated at different concentrations and contact times. Initially, through specific laboratory analyses, the microbiological characteristics of the river were determined. Biomimetic studies on the antimicrobial activity of biocides based on garlic and lavender in surface waters involved detailed exploration of how the natural antimicrobial properties of these plants can be effectively utilized to treat water contaminated with harmful microorganisms. Both the contact time and the amount of biocide used have a significant effect on the microorganisms of interest. Thus, to describe the degradation rate of coliform bacteria, a pseudo-first-order and zero-order kinetic model was used, r=-(dN/dt)=kobs·t şi r0=kobs·N0=k0, where r is the rate of degradation of microorganisms (CFU/min), N0 is the initial number of microorganisms in the aqueous solution (colony-forming unit, CFU), N is the final number of microorganisms after a contact time t (CFU), kobs is the pseudo-first-order rate constant (min-1), t is the contact time (min), r0 is the initial rate of degradation of microorganisms (CFU/min), and k0 is the pseudo-rate constant zero order (min-1). Following 60 min of treatment with 1 mL of lavender-water biocide, the inhibition rate of pathogenic microorganisms in the water reached 59.09%, whereas, under the same conditions, the garlic-methanol biocide achieved an inhibition rate of 40.86%. This study confirms the antimicrobial activity of both lavender and garlic biocides, highlighting their potential in mitigating water pollution caused by pathogens.

对于一个将被用作水源的特定水生生态系统来说,有必要从微生物学的角度确定水质,查明水中存在的病原体。本研究旨在确定和分析从大蒜(大蒜-甲醇提取物)和薰衣草(薰衣草-水提取物)中提取的一些杀菌剂的抗菌活性。在不同的浓度和接触时间下,对它们的效率进行了评估。首先,通过特定的实验室分析,确定了河流的微生物特征。对地表水中基于大蒜和薰衣草的杀菌剂的抗菌活性进行了生物模拟研究,详细探讨了如何有效利用这些植物的天然抗菌特性来处理被有害微生物污染的水体。接触时间和生物杀灭剂的用量都会对相关微生物产生重大影响。因此,为了描述大肠菌群的降解率,采用了一个伪一阶和零阶动力学模型:r=-(dN/dt)=kobs-t şi r0=kobs-N0=k0,其中 r 是微生物的降解率(CFU/min),N0 是水溶液中微生物的初始数量(菌落形成单位、N为接触时间 t 后微生物的最终数量(CFU),kobs 为假一阶速率常数(min-1),t 为接触时间(分钟),r0 为微生物的初始降解速率(CFU/min),k0 为假零阶速率常数(min-1)。用 1 毫升薰衣草水杀菌剂处理 60 分钟后,水中病原微生物的抑制率达到 59.09%,而在相同条件下,大蒜甲醇杀菌剂的抑制率为 40.86%。这项研究证实了薰衣草和大蒜杀菌剂的抗菌活性,突出了它们在减轻病原体造成的水污染方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoscale Surface Metal-Coating Method without Pretreatment for High-Magnification Biological Observation and Applications. 无需预处理的纳米级表面金属涂层法,用于高倍率生物观察和应用。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100588
Kenshin Takemura, Taisei Motomura, Yuko Takagi

Biospecimen imaging is essential across various fields. In particular, a considerable amount of research has focused on developing pretreatment techniques, ranging from freeze-drying to the use of highly conductive polymers, and on advancements in instrumentation, such as cryogenic electron microscopy. These specialized techniques and equipment have facilitated nanoscale and microscale bioimaging. However, user access to these environments remains limited. This study introduced a novel technique to achieve high conductivity in bioimaging by employing a magnetically controlled sputtering cathode to facilitate low-temperature deposition and low-electron bombardment. This approach allows for the convenient high-magnification observation of highly structured three-dimensional specimens, such as pill bugs and butterfly wings, and fragile specimens, such as single-cell protozoan parasites, using metal deposition only. Furthermore, it is easily accessible in the field of bioimaging because it does not require any pretreatment and enables surface analysis of biospecimens with an electron microscope using only a single pretreatment process. Protozoa, which are microorganisms, were successfully observed at high magnification without structural changes due to thermal denaturation. Furthermore, metallic film deposition and electrochemical signal measurements using these metallic films were achieved in pill bugs.

生物样本成像在各个领域都至关重要。特别是,大量研究集中于开发预处理技术,从冷冻干燥到使用高导电聚合物,以及仪器的进步,如低温电子显微镜。这些专业技术和设备为纳米级和微米级生物成像提供了便利。然而,用户进入这些环境的机会仍然有限。本研究引入了一种新技术,通过采用磁控溅射阴极来促进低温沉积和低电子轰击,从而在生物成像中实现高导电性。这种方法只需使用金属沉积,就能方便地高倍观察高度结构化的三维标本(如药虫和蝴蝶翅膀)和易碎标本(如单细胞原生动物寄生虫)。此外,由于无需任何预处理,只需一道预处理工序就能用电子显微镜对生物标本进行表面分析,因此在生物成像领域很容易实现。在高倍率下成功观察到微生物原生动物,而不会因热变性而导致结构变化。此外,还在药丸虫体内实现了金属膜沉积和使用这些金属膜进行电化学信号测量。
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引用次数: 0
Advancement in Soft Hydrogel Grippers: Comprehensive Insights into Materials, Fabrication Strategies, Grasping Mechanism, and Applications. 软水凝胶机械手的进步:对材料、制造策略、抓取机制和应用的全面见解。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100585
Xiaoxiao Dong, Chen Wang, Haoxin Song, Jinqiang Shao, Guiyao Lan, Jiaming Zhang, Xiangkun Li, Ming Li

Soft hydrogel grippers have attracted considerable attention due to their flexible/elastic bodies, stimuli-responsive grasping and releasing capacity, and novel applications in specific task fields. To create soft hydrogel grippers with robust grasping of various types of objects, high load capability, fast grab response, and long-time service life, researchers delve deeper into hydrogel materials, fabrication strategies, and underlying actuation mechanisms. This article provides a systematic overview of hydrogel materials used in soft grippers, focusing on materials composition, chemical functional groups, and characteristics and the strategies for integrating these responsive hydrogel materials into soft grippers, including one-step polymerization, additive manufacturing, and structural modification are reviewed in detail. Moreover, ongoing research about actuating mechanisms (e.g., thermal/electrical/magnetic/chemical) and grasping applications of soft hydrogel grippers is summarized. Some remaining challenges and future perspectives in soft hydrogel grippers are also provided. This work highlights the recent advances of soft hydrogel grippers, which provides useful insights into the development of the new generation of functional soft hydrogel grippers.

软水凝胶机械手因其柔性/弹性体、刺激响应式抓取和释放能力以及在特定任务领域的新颖应用而备受关注。为了制造出能稳健抓取各种类型物体、高负载能力、快速抓取响应和长使用寿命的软水凝胶抓手,研究人员对水凝胶材料、制造策略和基本驱动机制进行了深入研究。本文系统概述了软抓手中使用的水凝胶材料,重点介绍了材料的组成、化学官能团和特性,并详细评述了将这些反应灵敏的水凝胶材料集成到软抓手中的策略,包括一步聚合、添加制造和结构改性。此外,还总结了正在进行的有关软水凝胶抓手的致动机制(如热/电/磁/化学)和抓取应用的研究。此外,还介绍了软水凝胶抓手领域的一些剩余挑战和未来展望。这项工作重点介绍了软水凝胶抓手的最新进展,为开发新一代功能性软水凝胶抓手提供了有益的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant. 利用机器学习优化用于骨植入的 PLA/cHAP 的机械性能和 3D 打印。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100587
Francis T Omigbodun, Norman Osa-Uwagboe, Amadi Gabriel Udu, Bankole I Oladapo

This study explores the fabrication and characterisation of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds reinforced with calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAP) for bone tissue engineering applications. By varying the cHAP content, we aimed to enhance PLA scaffolds' mechanical and thermal properties, making them suitable for load-bearing biomedical applications. The results indicate that increasing cHAP content improves the tensile and compressive strength of the scaffolds, although it also increases brittleness. Notably, incorporating cHAP at 7.5% and 10% significantly enhances thermal stability and mechanical performance, with properties comparable to or exceeding those of human cancellous bone. Furthermore, this study integrates machine learning techniques to predict the mechanical properties of these composites, employing algorithms such as XGBoost and AdaBoost. The models demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with R2 scores of 0.9173 and 0.8772 for compressive and tensile strength, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of using data-driven approaches to optimise material properties autonomously, offering significant implications for developing custom-tailored scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The study underscores the promise of PLA/cHAP composites as viable candidates for advanced biomedical applications, particularly in creating patient-specific implants with improved mechanical and thermal characteristics.

本研究探讨了骨组织工程应用中使用羟基磷灰石钙(cHAP)增强的三维打印聚乳酸(PLA)支架的制造和表征。通过改变 cHAP 的含量,我们旨在增强聚乳酸支架的机械和热性能,使其适用于承重生物医学应用。结果表明,增加 cHAP 的含量可提高支架的拉伸和压缩强度,但同时也会增加脆性。值得注意的是,加入 7.5% 和 10% 的 cHAP 能显著提高热稳定性和机械性能,其性能可与人类松质骨媲美或超过人类松质骨。此外,本研究还整合了机器学习技术,采用 XGBoost 和 AdaBoost 等算法来预测这些复合材料的机械性能。这些模型具有很高的预测准确性,抗压强度和抗拉强度的 R2 分别为 0.9173 和 0.8772。这些发现凸显了使用数据驱动方法自主优化材料特性的潜力,对开发骨组织工程和再生医学中的定制支架具有重要意义。这项研究强调了聚乳酸/HAP 复合材料作为先进生物医学应用的可行候选材料的前景,特别是在制造具有更好的机械和热特性的患者特异性植入物方面。
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引用次数: 0
Set Packing Optimization by Evolutionary Algorithms with Theoretical Guarantees. 用进化算法优化集合打包,并提供理论保证。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100586
Youzhen Jin, Xiaoyun Xia, Zijia Wang, Xue Peng, Jun Zhang, Weizhi Liao

The set packing problem is a core NP-complete combinatorial optimization problem which aims to find the maximum collection of disjoint sets from a given collection of sets, S, over a ground set, U. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been widely used as general-purpose global optimization methods and have shown promising performance for the set packing problem. While most previous studies are mainly based on experimentation, there is little theoretical investigation available in this area. In this study, we analyze the approximation performance of simplified versions of EAs, specifically the (1+1) EA, for the set packing problem from a theoretical perspective. Our analysis demonstrates that the (1+1) EA can provide an approximation guarantee in solving the k-set packing problem. Additionally, we construct a problem instance and prove that the (1+1) EA beats the local search algorithm on this specific instance. This proof reveals that evolutionary algorithms can have theoretical guarantees for solving NP-hard optimization problems.

集合打包问题是一个核心的 NP-完全组合优化问题,其目的是从给定集合 S 在地面集合 U 上找到最大的不相交集合。进化算法(EA)已被广泛用作通用的全局优化方法,并在集合打包问题上显示出良好的性能。以往的研究大多以实验为基础,而这方面的理论研究却很少。在本研究中,我们从理论角度分析了简化版 EA(特别是 (1+1) EA)在集合打包问题上的近似性能。我们的分析表明,(1+1) EA 可以为解决 k 集打包问题提供近似保证。此外,我们还构建了一个问题实例,并证明 (1+1) 进化算法在这个特定实例上战胜了局部搜索算法。这一证明揭示了进化算法可以为解决 NP 难优化问题提供理论保证。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Aerial-Aquatic Unmanned Vehicle Using Flapping Wings for Underwater Propulsion. 利用扇动翅膀进行水下推进的新型空中-水下无人飞行器。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100581
Jiacheng He, Yingjie Zhang, Junjun Feng, Shisheng Li, Yiheng Yuan, Pinghui Wang, Song Han

Aerial-aquatic unmanned vehicles are a combination of unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned submersibles, capable of conducting patrols in both the air and underwater domains. This article introduces a novel aerial-aquatic unmanned vehicle that integrates fixed-wing configuration and flapping-wing configuration. In order to improve the low efficiency of the classic diagonal motion trajectory, this paper proposed an improved diagonal motion trajectory based on joint optimization of the stroke angle and angle of attack curve. The proposed method has been verified through simulations and experiments. A prototype was developed and experiments were completed, both indoors and outdoors, wherein the system's transmedium transition capability and flapping propulsion performance were comprehensively validated. Additionally, utilizing flapping propulsion, an average underwater propulsion speed of 0.92 m/s was achieved.

水陆空无人飞行器是无人飞行器和无人潜水器的结合体,能够在空中和水下进行巡逻。本文介绍了一种新型的空中-水下无人飞行器,它集固定翼配置和拍翼配置于一体。为了改善经典对角线运动轨迹效率低的问题,本文提出了一种基于冲程角和攻角曲线联合优化的改进型对角线运动轨迹。所提出的方法已通过模拟和实验得到验证。开发了一个原型机,并完成了室内和室外实验,全面验证了系统的跨介质过渡能力和拍击推进性能。此外,利用拍动推进,实现了 0.92 米/秒的平均水下推进速度。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a Vertical Submerging and Emerging Bat-Ray-Inspired Underwater Vehicle. 开发垂直下潜和新出现的蝙蝠射线启发式水下航行器。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100582
Enrique Mar-Castro, Sergio Alejandro May-Rodríguez, Rafael Stanley Núñez-Cruz, Elba Dolores Antonio-Yañez, Luis Mario Aparicio-Lastiri, Juan Herrera-Vidal

In this article, the development of a bat-ray-inspired underwater vehicle is presented; although the propulsion of the vehicle is based on traditional thrusters, the shape of the ray's fins was used as a model to design the body of the vehicle; this architecture allows the independent control of the forward velocity and the full attitude of the vehicle using only two thrusters and two articulated fins. The compact design of the robot, along with the high dexterity of the architecture, allows the vehicle to submerge and emerge vertically as well as navigate horizontally. The mathematical model of the proposed vehicle, including dynamics and propulsion system, is presented and validated using numerical simulations. Finally, experimental tests are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed design.

本文介绍了受蝙蝠魟鱼启发而开发的水下机器人;虽然该机器人的推进器是基于传统的推进器,但其鳍的形状被用作设计机器人身体的模型;这种结构仅使用两个推进器和两个铰接鳍就能独立控制机器人的前进速度和整个姿态。该机器人设计紧凑,结构灵巧,可以垂直潜入水中和浮出水面,也可以水平航行。介绍了拟议飞行器的数学模型,包括动力学和推进系统,并通过数值模拟进行了验证。最后,还介绍了实验测试,以证明拟议设计的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid Multi-Objective Chameleon Optimization Algorithm Based on Multi-Strategy Fusion and Its Applications. 基于多策略融合的混合多目标变色龙优化算法及其应用
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100583
Yaodan Chen, Li Cao, Yinggao Yue

Aiming at the problems of chameleon swarm algorithm (CSA), such as slow convergence speed, poor robustness, and ease of falling into the local optimum, a multi-strategy improved chameleon optimization algorithm (ICSA) is herein proposed. Firstly, logistic mapping was introduced to initialize the chameleon population to improve the diversity of the initial population. Secondly, in the prey-search stage, the sub-population spiral search strategy was introduced to improve the global search ability and optimization accuracy of the algorithm. Then, considering the blindness of chameleon's eye turning to find prey, the Lévy flight strategy with cosine adaptive weight was combined with greed strategy to enhance the guidance of random exploration in the eyes' rotation stage. Finally, a nonlinear varying weight was introduced to update the chameleon position in the prey-capture stage, and the refraction reverse-learning strategy was used to improve the population activity in the later stage so as to improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. Eighteen functions in the CEC2005 benchmark test set were selected as an experimental test set, and the performance of ICSA was tested and compared with five other swarm intelligent optimization algorithms. The analysis of the experimental results of 30 independent runs showed that ICSA has stronger convergence performance and optimization ability. Finally, ICSA was applied to the UAV path-planning problem. The simulation results showed that compared with other algorithms, the paths generated by ICSA in different terrain scenarios are shorter and more stable.

针对变色龙群算法(CSA)收敛速度慢、鲁棒性差、易陷入局部最优等问题,本文提出了一种多策略改进变色龙优化算法(ICSA)。首先,变色龙种群的初始化引入了逻辑映射,以提高初始种群的多样性。其次,在预搜索阶段,引入子种群螺旋搜索策略,提高算法的全局搜索能力和优化精度。然后,考虑到变色龙转动眼睛寻找猎物的盲目性,将带有余弦自适应权重的莱维飞行策略与贪婪策略相结合,增强了眼睛转动阶段随机探索的指导性。最后,引入非线性变化权重更新变色龙在捕获猎物阶段的位置,并采用折射反向学习策略改善后期种群活动,以提高算法跳出局部最优的能力。在 CEC2005 基准测试集中选取了 18 个函数作为实验测试集,对 ICSA 的性能进行了测试,并与其他五种蜂群智能优化算法进行了比较。对 30 次独立运行的实验结果分析表明,ICSA 具有更强的收敛性能和优化能力。最后,将 ICSA 应用于无人机路径规划问题。仿真结果表明,与其他算法相比,ICSA 在不同地形场景下生成的路径更短、更稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Active Vibration Control and Parameter Optimization of Genetic Algorithm for Partially Damped Composites Beams. 部分阻尼复合材料梁的主动振动控制和遗传算法参数优化
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100584
Zhicheng Huang, Yang Cheng, Xingguo Wang, Nanxing Wu

The paper partially covered Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) cantilever beams' dynamic modeling, active vibration control, and parameter optimization techniques as the main topic of this research. The dynamic model of the viscoelastic sandwich beam is created by merging the finite element approach with the Golla Hughes McTavish (GHM) model. The governing equation is constructed based on Hamilton's principle. After the joint reduction of physical space and state space, the model is modified to comply with the demands of active control. The control parameters are optimized based on the Kalman filter and genetic algorithm. The effect of various ACLD coverage architectures and excitation signals on the system's vibration is investigated. According to the research, the genetic algorithm's optimization iteration can quickly find the best solution while achieving accurate model tracking, increasing the effectiveness and precision of active control. The Kalman filter can effectively suppress the impact of vibration and noise exposure to random excitation on the system.

本文以主动约束层阻尼(ACLD)悬臂梁的动态建模、主动振动控制和参数优化技术为主要研究内容。粘弹性夹层梁的动态模型是通过将有限元方法与 Golla Hughes McTavish(GHM)模型相结合而建立的。控制方程是根据汉密尔顿原理构建的。在对物理空间和状态空间进行联合缩减后,对模型进行修改以符合主动控制的要求。基于卡尔曼滤波器和遗传算法对控制参数进行了优化。研究了各种 ACLD 覆盖结构和激励信号对系统振动的影响。研究结果表明,遗传算法的优化迭代可以快速找到最佳解决方案,同时实现精确的模型跟踪,提高主动控制的有效性和精确性。卡尔曼滤波器能有效抑制振动和随机激励噪声对系统的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrodynamic Simulation and Experiment of a Self-Adaptive Amphibious Robot Driven by Tracks and Bionic Fins. 由履带和仿生鳍驱动的自适应水陆两栖机器人的流体力学模拟和实验。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100580
Minghai Xia, Qunwei Zhu, Qian Yin, Zhongyue Lu, Yiming Zhu, Zirong Luo

Amphibious robots have broad prospects in the fields of industry, defense, and transportation. To improve the propulsion performance and reduce operation complexity, a novel bionic amphibious robot, namely AmphiFinbot-II, is presented in this paper. The swimming and walking components adopt a compound drive mechanism, enabling simultaneous control for the rotation of the track and the wave-like motion of the undulating fin. The robot employs different propulsion methods but utilizes the same operation strategy, eliminating the need for mode switching. The structure and the locomotion principle are introduced. The performance of the robot in different motion patterns was analyzed via computational fluid dynamics simulation. The simulation results verified the feasibility of the wave-like swimming mechanism. Physical experiments were conducted for both land and underwater motion, and the results were consistent with the simulation regulation. Both the underwater linear and angular velocity were proportional to the undulating frequency. The robot's maximum linear speed and steering speed on land were 2.26 m/s (2.79 BL/s) and 442°/s, respectively, while the maximum speeds underwater were 0.54 m/s (0.67 BL/s) and 84°/s, respectively. The research findings indicate that the robot possesses outstanding amphibious motion capabilities and a simplistic yet unified control approach, thereby validating the feasibility of the robot's design scheme, and offering a novel concept for the development of high-performance and self-contained amphibious robots.

水陆两栖机器人在工业、国防和交通领域有着广阔的前景。为了提高推进性能和降低操作复杂性,本文提出了一种新型仿生两栖机器人,即AmphiFinbot-II。该机器人的游泳和行走部分采用复合驱动机制,可同时控制履带的旋转和起伏鳍的波浪式运动。机器人采用不同的推进方式,但使用相同的运行策略,无需进行模式切换。介绍了机器人的结构和运动原理。通过计算流体动力学仿真分析了机器人在不同运动模式下的性能。仿真结果验证了波浪式游泳机制的可行性。对陆地和水下运动进行了物理实验,结果与模拟结果一致。水下线速度和角速度都与起伏频率成正比。机器人在陆地上的最大线速度和转向速度分别为 2.26 m/s(2.79 BL/s)和 442°/s,而在水下的最大速度分别为 0.54 m/s(0.67 BL/s)和 84°/s。研究结果表明,该机器人具有出色的水陆两栖运动能力和简单而统一的控制方法,从而验证了该机器人设计方案的可行性,并为开发高性能、自成一体的水陆两栖机器人提供了一种新的理念。
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引用次数: 0
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