Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000768
A. Kassa, B. Ayele, Muleta Mekonnen Nikus
Introduction: Sex driven by material benefits is a challenging public health concern, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Assessing youth’s transactional relationships remains the integral part of HIV prevention programs. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of self-reported transactional sex engagement among high school students in Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 07 February and 13 May, 2015 on 726 girls identified from randomly selected secondary schools. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify the predictors of transactional sex. Result: Two hundred sixty-two (37.3%) of the respondents reported having had ever sex at the time of the survey. Out of those sexually active students, 17.6% reported engaging in transactional sex in the previous one year prior to the survey. After controlling for other covariates, while chewing khat and lack of communication about sexual and reproductive health issues were predictors of increased risk for engagement in transactional sex, higher class level, delayed age at first sex, never watching pornographic material, having regular pocket money and parental supervision were found to be protective factors. Conclusion: This study has shown that considerable proportion of students engage in transactional sex and they are influenced by multiple socio-demographic/socio-economic and individual behavior characteristics. Programs and services designed to control HIV/AIDS transmission should aim to focus on addressing the context specific female students’ HIV risk, and sexual entitlement and promoting gender inequity.
{"title":"Magnitude and Associated Factors of Transactional Sex among High School Students in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"A. Kassa, B. Ayele, Muleta Mekonnen Nikus","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000768","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sex driven by material benefits is a challenging public health concern, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Assessing youth’s transactional relationships remains the integral part of HIV prevention programs. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of self-reported transactional sex engagement among high school students in Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 07 February and 13 May, 2015 on 726 girls identified from randomly selected secondary schools. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify the predictors of transactional sex. Result: Two hundred sixty-two (37.3%) of the respondents reported having had ever sex at the time of the survey. Out of those sexually active students, 17.6% reported engaging in transactional sex in the previous one year prior to the survey. After controlling for other covariates, while chewing khat and lack of communication about sexual and reproductive health issues were predictors of increased risk for engagement in transactional sex, higher class level, delayed age at first sex, never watching pornographic material, having regular pocket money and parental supervision were found to be protective factors. Conclusion: This study has shown that considerable proportion of students engage in transactional sex and they are influenced by multiple socio-demographic/socio-economic and individual behavior characteristics. Programs and services designed to control HIV/AIDS transmission should aim to focus on addressing the context specific female students’ HIV risk, and sexual entitlement and promoting gender inequity.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-19DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000766
Chalachew Sisay, H. Abera, Getachew Hailu, Abay Sisay
Background: In recent years, cobble stone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation in Ethiopia, with tremendous benefits for the poor rural and urban population segment. Identifying factors associated with cobble stone chiselers laborers risk behaviors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. Hence, this study aimed to assess risky sexual behavior and associated factors among cobblestone chiselers, in Hana Mariam, Nifas Silk Lafto Sub City, and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in March 2015 among cobblestone chiselers. The data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. Association between dependent and independent variables were tested using bivariate logistic analysis, CI at 95%. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence risky sexual behavior of respondents was 79.4%. Nearly half of the study participants 44.5% were age group 25-29 years. About 26.4% of cobble stone chiselers have had 2-5 sexual partners in the past 12 months and 42.2% of study participants did not used condom in the first sexual intercourse. Single by marital status were about nine times more likely had risky sexual practices as compared to divorce (AOR=8.762, 95% CI=4.672- 16.433) in the study participant whose educational status from grade 5-8 and grade 9-12 were about 3 and 4 times more likely practices risky sexual behavior than those individuals whose educational level were write and read (AOR=3.084, 95% CI=1.328-7.162) and (AOR=4.224, 95% CI=1.532-11.629). Those who drink alcohol daily were 6.277 times more likely practicing risky behavior as compared to those not drunk (AOR=6.277, 95% CI=1.622-24.298). Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among cobble stone chiselers daily laborers was higher; therefore, critical health education that aimed at bringing behavioral changes should be planned and implemented by giving emphasis on identified risk sexual behavior.
背景：近年来，鹅卵石路的建设已成为埃塞俄比亚最成功的基础设施和创造就业机会之一，为贫困的农村和城市人口带来了巨大的好处。识别与鹅卵石凿工工人风险行为相关的因素对于制定有效的预防策略至关重要。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚Hana Mariam、Nifas Silk Lafto Sub City和亚的斯亚贝巴鹅卵石凿工的危险性行为及其相关因素。方法：2015年3月，在鹅卵石凿工中进行了基于社区的横断面研究。数据输入和分析使用SPSS版本16进行。使用双变量逻辑分析检验因变量和自变量之间的相关性，CI为95%。P值小于0.05被认为是显著的。结果：受访者危险性行为的发生率为79.4%。近一半的研究参与者44.5%为25-29岁年龄组。在过去的12个月里，约26.4%的鹅卵石凿工有过2-5次性伴侣，42.2%的研究参与者在第一次性交时没有使用避孕套。在5-8年级和9-12年级的受教育者中，因婚姻状况而单身的人进行危险性行为的可能性是离婚的九倍（AOR=8.762，95%CI=4.672-16.433），他们进行危险性性行为的可能是受教育水平为书面和阅读的人的三倍和四倍（AOR=3.084，95%CI=1.328-7.162）（AOR=4.224，95%CI=1.532-11.629）。每天饮酒的人实施危险行为的可能性是未饮酒的人的6.277倍（AOR=6.277，95%CI=1.622-24.298）；因此，应计划并实施旨在改变行为的批判性健康教育，重点关注已识别的危险性行为。
{"title":"Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Cobblestone Chiseling Daily Laborer, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Chalachew Sisay, H. Abera, Getachew Hailu, Abay Sisay","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000766","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, cobble stone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation in Ethiopia, with tremendous benefits for the poor rural and urban population segment. Identifying factors associated with cobble stone chiselers laborers risk behaviors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. Hence, this study aimed to assess risky sexual behavior and associated factors among cobblestone chiselers, in Hana Mariam, Nifas Silk Lafto Sub City, and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in March 2015 among cobblestone chiselers. The data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. Association between dependent and independent variables were tested using bivariate logistic analysis, CI at 95%. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: The prevalence risky sexual behavior of respondents was 79.4%. Nearly half of the study participants 44.5% were age group 25-29 years. About 26.4% of cobble stone chiselers have had 2-5 sexual partners in the past 12 months and 42.2% of study participants did not used condom in the first sexual intercourse. Single by marital status were about nine times more likely had risky sexual practices as compared to divorce (AOR=8.762, 95% CI=4.672- 16.433) in the study participant whose educational status from grade 5-8 and grade 9-12 were about 3 and 4 times more likely practices risky sexual behavior than those individuals whose educational level were write and read (AOR=3.084, 95% CI=1.328-7.162) and (AOR=4.224, 95% CI=1.532-11.629). Those who drink alcohol daily were 6.277 times more likely practicing risky behavior as compared to those not drunk (AOR=6.277, 95% CI=1.622-24.298). \u0000Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among cobble stone chiselers daily laborers was higher; therefore, critical health education that aimed at bringing behavioral changes should be planned and implemented by giving emphasis on identified risk sexual behavior.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45253027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000765
Abay Sisay, Bekelech Bayou, Abrham Tesfaye
Background: Routine HIV viral load tests improve treatment quality and individual health outcomes for people living with HIV. Quality improvement (QI) consists of systematic and continuous actions that lead to measurable improvement in health care services. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Quality Improvement (QI) on achieving routine HIV viral load implementation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based prospective follow up study design approach was used from January 2016 to December 2016. Data was entered, cleaned using EPI-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for further processing and analysis. The effect of QI was measured and monitored by test change using run chart. Results: At the end of the quality improvement, the monthly routine viral load performance samples using one analyzer were 3255 from less than 676 at baseline. The routine viral load feedback arrival within agreed turnaround time and regularly archival availability increase from 6 health facilities (7.2%) to 65% at 54 health facilities by December 2016, from the 83 ART monitoring health facilities sent their HIV viral load sample. Implementation of continuous quality improvement is a game changer in transforming laboratory quality and positively impact on meeting the third 90 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Conclusion: The QI model which have implemented at Addis Ababa health research HIV viral load laboratory achieve and worth good experiences with a range of benefits. We strongly believe that healthcare has much to gain by successfully implementing Quality improvement principles within their routine programs.
背景:常规HIV病毒载量检测可改善HIV感染者的治疗质量和个人健康结果。质量改进(QI)由系统和持续的行动组成，这些行动导致卫生保健服务的可衡量的改进。因此，本研究的目的是评估质量改进(QI)对实现埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴常规HIV病毒载量实施的影响。方法:2016年1月至2016年12月采用基于设施的前瞻性随访研究设计方法。输入数据，使用EPI-Data 3.1进行清理，导出到SPSS version 20软件进行进一步处理和分析。采用运行图，通过试验变化来测量和监测QI的效果。结果:在质量改进结束时，使用一台分析仪的每月常规病毒载量表现样本从基线时的不足676个增加到3255个。到2016年12月，常规病毒载量反馈在商定的周转时间内到达和定期存档的可用性从6个卫生设施(7.2%)增加到54个卫生设施的65%，83个抗逆转录病毒治疗监测卫生设施提供了艾滋病毒载量样本。实施持续质量改进是改变实验室质量的游戏规则，并对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴实现第三个90年目标产生积极影响。结论:在亚的斯亚贝巴卫生研究HIV病毒载量实验室实施的QI模式取得了良好的效果，值得借鉴。我们坚信，通过在日常项目中成功实施质量改进原则，医疗保健行业将受益匪浅。
{"title":"Quality Improvement (QI): A Splendid Driver for Achieving the Third 90 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Abay Sisay, Bekelech Bayou, Abrham Tesfaye","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000765","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Routine HIV viral load tests improve treatment quality and individual health outcomes for people living with HIV. Quality improvement (QI) consists of systematic and continuous actions that lead to measurable improvement in health care services. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Quality Improvement (QI) on achieving routine HIV viral load implementation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based prospective follow up study design approach was used from January 2016 to December 2016. Data was entered, cleaned using EPI-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for further processing and analysis. The effect of QI was measured and monitored by test change using run chart. Results: At the end of the quality improvement, the monthly routine viral load performance samples using one analyzer were 3255 from less than 676 at baseline. The routine viral load feedback arrival within agreed turnaround time and regularly archival availability increase from 6 health facilities (7.2%) to 65% at 54 health facilities by December 2016, from the 83 ART monitoring health facilities sent their HIV viral load sample. Implementation of continuous quality improvement is a game changer in transforming laboratory quality and positively impact on meeting the third 90 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Conclusion: The QI model which have implemented at Addis Ababa health research HIV viral load laboratory achieve and worth good experiences with a range of benefits. We strongly believe that healthcare has much to gain by successfully implementing Quality improvement principles within their routine programs.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000764
R. Thakur, V. Sashindran
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection in an endemic country like India and a major cause of mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Primary objectives: To study the prevalence of recurrent TB in patients of HIV/TB coinfection. Secondary objective: 1) To study the clinical profile of recurrent TB cases. 2) To study the factors associated with recurrence of TB in patients of HIV/TB co-infection. Materials and method: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India between November 2014 to August 2016 in which case records of 185 patients with known HIV/TB co-infection were studied for the clinical and immunological status during initial presentation and during recurrence TB. Results: The prevalence of recurrent TB in this study was 34.59% (64 subjects). The average time to recurrence was 34.27 months. Occurrence of disseminated or sputum negative pulmonary TB during initial TB illness was significantly associated with recurrence of TB (RR of 0.325 (0.18-0.58) and RR of 2.45 (1.68-3.57) respectively. The 6-month anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) regimen was significantly associated with recurrence of TB as compared to 9 month of ATT (p value<0.001, OR 0.0029 ). Conclusion: Recurrent TB is a significant clinical problem in HIV positive patients. Male sex, sputum negative pulmonary TB or disseminated infection at the first instance of TB, a high Mantoux reading at initial TB presentation (≥ 20 mm) and shorter duration of ATT (6 months versus 9 months) are all significant risk factors for recurrence.
{"title":"A Study of Clinical Profile of Recurrent Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS","authors":"R. Thakur, V. Sashindran","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000764","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection in an endemic country like India and a major cause of mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Primary objectives: To study the prevalence of recurrent TB in patients of HIV/TB coinfection. Secondary objective: 1) To study the clinical profile of recurrent TB cases. 2) To study the factors associated with recurrence of TB in patients of HIV/TB co-infection. Materials and method: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India between November 2014 to August 2016 in which case records of 185 patients with known HIV/TB co-infection were studied for the clinical and immunological status during initial presentation and during recurrence TB. Results: The prevalence of recurrent TB in this study was 34.59% (64 subjects). The average time to recurrence was 34.27 months. Occurrence of disseminated or sputum negative pulmonary TB during initial TB illness was significantly associated with recurrence of TB (RR of 0.325 (0.18-0.58) and RR of 2.45 (1.68-3.57) respectively. The 6-month anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) regimen was significantly associated with recurrence of TB as compared to 9 month of ATT (p value<0.001, OR 0.0029 ). Conclusion: Recurrent TB is a significant clinical problem in HIV positive patients. Male sex, sputum negative pulmonary TB or disseminated infection at the first instance of TB, a high Mantoux reading at initial TB presentation (≥ 20 mm) and shorter duration of ATT (6 months versus 9 months) are all significant risk factors for recurrence.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41629763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-14DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000761
M. Mabaso
Introduction: Correct knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and myth rejection is a prerequisite to practicing safer behavior and important for reducing the risk of new infections. This study investigates the association between correct knowledge of HIV transmission, prevention and myth rejection with socio-demographic factors and HIV-related behavioral risk practices in South Africa. Methods: The study used the 2012 South African national HIV prevalence, incidence and behavior survey data based on a multistage cross-sectional design. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of correct HIV knowledge and myth rejection. Results: Of 26,544 sub-sample of youth and adults data (15 years and older) who responded to the HIV knowledge question, only 26.8% reported correct knowing of HIV transmission, prevention and rejection of all myths about HIV. In the final model significant negative predictors of correct HIV knowledge, prevention and myth rejection included residing in rural informal areas (OR=0.68 (95% CI: 0.48- 0.95), p=0.027), and being a harmful alcohol drinker (OR= 0.18 (95% CI: 0.06- 1.29), p=0.001) while sexual debut at 15 years and older (OR=1.8 (95 CI: 1.12- 2.91), p= 0.015) was a significant positive predictor of correct HIV knowledge and myth rejection. Conclusion: The findings confirms that levels of HIV knowledge can either prevent individuals from making informed choices and take appropriate actions aimed at preventing the infection or make people to take precautions to protect themselves. Efforts to promote HIV knowledge, prevention and myth rejection in the general population should be strengthened given the declining HIV knowledge levels in the country.
{"title":"Correlates of correct HIV knowledge and myth rejection in South Africa: the 2012 National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behavior Survey","authors":"M. Mabaso","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000761","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Correct knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and myth rejection is a prerequisite to practicing safer behavior and important for reducing the risk of new infections. This study investigates the association between correct knowledge of HIV transmission, prevention and myth rejection with socio-demographic factors and HIV-related behavioral risk practices in South Africa. Methods: The study used the 2012 South African national HIV prevalence, incidence and behavior survey data based on a multistage cross-sectional design. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of correct HIV knowledge and myth rejection. Results: Of 26,544 sub-sample of youth and adults data (15 years and older) who responded to the HIV knowledge question, only 26.8% reported correct knowing of HIV transmission, prevention and rejection of all myths about HIV. In the final model significant negative predictors of correct HIV knowledge, prevention and myth rejection included residing in rural informal areas (OR=0.68 (95% CI: 0.48- 0.95), p=0.027), and being a harmful alcohol drinker (OR= 0.18 (95% CI: 0.06- 1.29), p=0.001) while sexual debut at 15 years and older (OR=1.8 (95 CI: 1.12- 2.91), p= 0.015) was a significant positive predictor of correct HIV knowledge and myth rejection. Conclusion: The findings confirms that levels of HIV knowledge can either prevent individuals from making informed choices and take appropriate actions aimed at preventing the infection or make people to take precautions to protect themselves. Efforts to promote HIV knowledge, prevention and myth rejection in the general population should be strengthened given the declining HIV knowledge levels in the country.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-05DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000760
B. Deribe, J. Ebrahim, L. Bush
Introduction: HIV infected individuals face a number of challenges when they disclose their sero-status. Although discloser improves access to HIV prevention, increased opportunities for risk reduction and increased opportunities to plan for the future, HIV positive status discloser is lower in developing countries. Objective: To assess outcomes and factors affecting HIV status discloser to regular sexual partner among women attending anti-retroviral treatment clinic at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital. Method and materials: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 191 randomly selected HIV positive women attending Hawassa university referral hospital ART Clinic from Mar 1 –Mar 30 in 2017. The data was collected after having ethical clearance letter from institutional review board and consent from client. Data were collected through interview using pre-tested questioners. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done and final significantly associated factors were identified on the basis of OR with 95% CI. Results: over all 72.9 of the women has disclosed their HIV status to sexual partners. Among those disclosed their HIV positive status, 54.1% get their freedom to have follow up. While 30% get their freedom to use condom. Negative outcomes associated with status disclosure were stigma 11.6%, discrimination 10.1% and psychological violence 5%.Women who had rough relation with her 89% less likely to disclose their status as compared to women with smooth relationship (AOR=0.11 955CI 0.01, 0.119). Women who had children were 9.89 times more likely to disclose their status to sexual partners than their counter parts (AOR 9.89, 95% CI 2.68, 36.36 ).women who received counseling were almost 7 times more likely disclose their HIV status to their sexual partner (AOR=5.63 95%CI 2.24, 14.13) . Conclusion: HIV positive status discloses to sexual partners was found to be low.HIV status disclosure was accompanied by both negative and positive consequences. Presence of offspring, counseling, relationship status before status disclosure was factors associated with HIV positive status disclosure.
导言:艾滋病毒感染者在披露其血清状态时面临许多挑战。尽管信息披露改善了艾滋病毒预防的可及性，增加了减少风险的机会，并增加了规划未来的机会，但在发展中国家，艾滋病毒阳性状况的信息披露率较低。目的:评价在阿瓦萨大学综合专科医院抗逆转录病毒治疗门诊就诊的妇女向常规性伴侣披露艾滋病毒状况的结局和影响因素。方法与材料:对2017年3月1日至3月30日在哈瓦萨大学转诊医院ART诊所就诊的191名HIV阳性妇女进行了基于机构的横断面研究。数据收集是在获得机构审查委员会的伦理许可函和客户同意后进行的。数据是通过访谈收集的，使用预先测试的提问者。收集的数据采用SPSS version 20进行分析。进行双变量和多变量logistic回归，并在OR和95% CI的基础上确定最终的显著相关因素。结果:共有72.9名妇女向性伴侣透露了自己的艾滋病毒状况。在披露艾滋病病毒阳性的人群中，54.1%的人获得了随访的自由。而30%的人有使用避孕套的自由。与身份披露相关的负面结果为耻辱11.6%，歧视10.1%，心理暴力5%。与关系良好的女性相比，关系不佳的女性透露自己身份的可能性要低89% (AOR=0.11 955CI 0.01, 0.119)。有孩子的女性向性伴侣透露自己性状况的可能性是同龄女性的9.89倍(AOR 9.89, 95% CI 2.68, 36.36)。接受咨询的妇女向性伴侣透露其艾滋病毒状况的可能性几乎是其7倍(AOR=5.63 95%CI 2.24, 14.13)。结论:向性伴侣透露的HIV阳性情况较低。艾滋病毒状况的披露同时带来了消极和积极的后果。子女的存在、咨询、状态披露前的关系状况是HIV阳性状态披露的相关因素。
{"title":"Outcomes and Factors Affecting HIV Status Disclosure to Regular Sexual Partner among Women Attending Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic","authors":"B. Deribe, J. Ebrahim, L. Bush","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000760","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HIV infected individuals face a number of challenges when they disclose their sero-status. Although discloser improves access to HIV prevention, increased opportunities for risk reduction and increased opportunities to plan for the future, HIV positive status discloser is lower in developing countries. Objective: To assess outcomes and factors affecting HIV status discloser to regular sexual partner among women attending anti-retroviral treatment clinic at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital. Method and materials: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 191 randomly selected HIV positive women attending Hawassa university referral hospital ART Clinic from Mar 1 –Mar 30 in 2017. The data was collected after having ethical clearance letter from institutional review board and consent from client. Data were collected through interview using pre-tested questioners. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done and final significantly associated factors were identified on the basis of OR with 95% CI. Results: over all 72.9 of the women has disclosed their HIV status to sexual partners. Among those disclosed their HIV positive status, 54.1% get their freedom to have follow up. While 30% get their freedom to use condom. Negative outcomes associated with status disclosure were stigma 11.6%, discrimination 10.1% and psychological violence 5%.Women who had rough relation with her 89% less likely to disclose their status as compared to women with smooth relationship (AOR=0.11 955CI 0.01, 0.119). Women who had children were 9.89 times more likely to disclose their status to sexual partners than their counter parts (AOR 9.89, 95% CI 2.68, 36.36 ).women who received counseling were almost 7 times more likely disclose their HIV status to their sexual partner (AOR=5.63 95%CI 2.24, 14.13) . Conclusion: HIV positive status discloses to sexual partners was found to be low.HIV status disclosure was accompanied by both negative and positive consequences. Presence of offspring, counseling, relationship status before status disclosure was factors associated with HIV positive status disclosure.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"2018 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44550035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000759
S. Okoboi, A. Eunice, R. Oceng, B. Etukoit
Background: We examined the association between EFV and non-EFV based ART regimens and pregnancy outcomes among women who were on HCI in a peri-urban HIV clinic in Tororo, Uganda. Methods: We reviewed and extracted routinely collected data from the TASO Tororo HIV clinic family planning register. All women >18 years of age and on ART who received HCI between January, 2012 and June, 2014 were included in the study. Results: Of the 148 women reviewed 9 (6.1%) conceived. All women who conceived were on an EFV-based regimen, while none of the women on non-EFV based regimens conceived (p=0.0003). Conclusion: We observed a significant association (p=0.0003) between HIV-positive HCI users on EFV-based ART regimens as compared to HIV-positive HCI users on non-EFV based ART regimens.
{"title":"Correlation between Co-Therapy of Efavirenz-Based ART and Pregnancy among HIV-Positive Women on Hormonal Contraceptive Implants at TASO Tororo-Uganda: A Retrospective Review","authors":"S. Okoboi, A. Eunice, R. Oceng, B. Etukoit","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000759","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We examined the association between EFV and non-EFV based ART regimens and pregnancy outcomes among women who were on HCI in a peri-urban HIV clinic in Tororo, Uganda. Methods: We reviewed and extracted routinely collected data from the TASO Tororo HIV clinic family planning register. All women >18 years of age and on ART who received HCI between January, 2012 and June, 2014 were included in the study. Results: Of the 148 women reviewed 9 (6.1%) conceived. All women who conceived were on an EFV-based regimen, while none of the women on non-EFV based regimens conceived (p=0.0003). Conclusion: We observed a significant association (p=0.0003) between HIV-positive HCI users on EFV-based ART regimens as compared to HIV-positive HCI users on non-EFV based ART regimens.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47326795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000758
Manijeh Mehdiyar, R. Andersson, K. Hjelm
Background: HIV has become a chronic disease, due to the result of advances in HIV treatment in the past two decades. However, the processes shaped by socio-economic factors have been proven to be the main cause of vulnerabilities related to HIV among migrants globally. In spite of the development of effective HIV treatment in the past two decades, there are still many obstacles to delivering the care to different socio-economic and ethnic groups, such as late HIV testing. More knowledge of HIV care providers’ experiences is needed in order to support them in their work and create optimal health care for HIV-positive migrants. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of HIV caregivers in providing care to HIV-positive migrants. Methods: A qualitative exploratory design with focus-group interviews for data collection was chosen. The participants were recruited from three infectious disease clinics in Sweden. Five focus-group interviews were conducted. Each focus group comprised three to five nurses and social workers. Results: The study revealed that the HIV caregivers experienced that their patients suffered from stigma, selfstigma and social marginalisation, which in turn required more resources and support from them. The socio-economic vulnerability of the migrant patients necessitates particular social support from caregivers to these patients, depending on different migration processes that characterise the patients’ lives. Further, we found that the contact-tracing the social workers had to perform according to Swedish law could be contradictory to the supportive therapy of the patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that the stigma and social vulnerability of HIV-positive migrants in different respects call for extra support from the caregivers in order to respond to the needs of HIV-positive migrants through targeted interventions. More resources are needed within the different fields of social support, in order to provide optimal care and support to HIV-positive migrants.
{"title":"Swedish HIV Caregivers Experiences of Providing Care to HIV-Positive Migrants: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Manijeh Mehdiyar, R. Andersson, K. Hjelm","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000758","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV has become a chronic disease, due to the result of advances in HIV treatment in the past two decades. However, the processes shaped by socio-economic factors have been proven to be the main cause of vulnerabilities related to HIV among migrants globally. In spite of the development of effective HIV treatment in the past two decades, there are still many obstacles to delivering the care to different socio-economic and ethnic groups, such as late HIV testing. More knowledge of HIV care providers’ experiences is needed in order to support them in their work and create optimal health care for HIV-positive migrants. \u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of HIV caregivers in providing care to HIV-positive migrants. \u0000Methods: A qualitative exploratory design with focus-group interviews for data collection was chosen. The participants were recruited from three infectious disease clinics in Sweden. Five focus-group interviews were conducted. Each focus group comprised three to five nurses and social workers. \u0000Results: The study revealed that the HIV caregivers experienced that their patients suffered from stigma, selfstigma and social marginalisation, which in turn required more resources and support from them. The socio-economic vulnerability of the migrant patients necessitates particular social support from caregivers to these patients, depending on different migration processes that characterise the patients’ lives. Further, we found that the contact-tracing the social workers had to perform according to Swedish law could be contradictory to the supportive therapy of the patients. \u0000Conclusion: Our study showed that the stigma and social vulnerability of HIV-positive migrants in different respects call for extra support from the caregivers in order to respond to the needs of HIV-positive migrants through targeted interventions. More resources are needed within the different fields of social support, in order to provide optimal care and support to HIV-positive migrants.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44145946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000775
Duressa Endalew, Bereket Gebremichael, MulugetaTesfa, Tarekegn Asmamaw
Background: Adolescence is the journey of transition from childhood to adulthood at which mental, emotional, social and psychosexual development occurs. Early initiation to sexual intercourse without having proper protection has been one of the concerns. Previous studies in Ethiopia indicated significant numbers of adolescents are sexually active and only about 40% of them reported consistent use of condom which exposes them to various form of reproductive health risk. Therefore the main aim of this study was to assess premarital sexual practices and sexual and reproductive health risks associated with it among secondary school adolescents. Methods: School based cross-sectional study design supported by qualitative survey was used. A total of 702 study participant was selected by multi stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaire and focus group discussion were used to collect the data. Finally data were entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: The Magnitude of premarital sexual practice was 136 (20.6%) from which 99 (72.8%) were males. Mean age at first sexual initiation was found to be 15.5. Being male (AOR [95% CI] =4.60[2.25, 9.67]), having pocket money (AOR [95% CI] =2.86 [1.45, 5.63]), watching pornographic movies (AOR [95% CI] = 2.82 [1.30, 6.13]), and drinking alcohol (AOR [95% CI] = 1.99 [1.01, 3.91]) were found to have association with premarital sexual practice. Conclusion: The study reflected the prevalence of pre-marital sexual practices was high. Therefore there should be control over local cinemas, movie renting shops and groceries to decrease exposure of adolescents for pornographic movies and alcohols. Citation: Endalew D, Gebremichael B, Tesfa M, Asmamaw T (2018) Premarital Sexual Practice and Risky Sexual Behaviors Associated with it among Secondary School Adolescents, South East Ethiopia: A Mixed Design Study. J AIDS Clin Res 9: 775. doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000775
背景:青春期是从童年到成年的过渡时期，在此期间发生了心理、情感、社会和性心理的发展。在没有适当保护的情况下过早开始性交一直是人们关注的问题之一。埃塞俄比亚以前的研究表明，有相当数量的青少年性活跃，其中只有约40%的人报告一贯使用避孕套，这使他们面临各种形式的生殖健康风险。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估中学青少年的婚前性行为及其相关的性健康和生殖健康风险。方法:采用基于学校的横断面研究设计，辅以定性调查。采用多阶段抽样方法，共选取702名研究对象。采用结构化问卷调查和焦点小组讨论的方式收集数据。最后使用Epi info version 7录入数据，并使用SPSS version 20进行分析。结果:婚前性行为136例(20.6%)，其中男性99例(72.8%)。初次发生性行为的平均年龄为15.5岁。男性(AOR [95% CI] =4.60[2.25, 9.67])、有零花钱(AOR [95% CI] =2.86[1.45, 5.63])、看色情电影(AOR [95% CI] = 2.82[1.30, 6.13])、饮酒(AOR [95% CI] = 1.99[1.01, 3.91])与婚前性行为有关。结论:本研究反映出婚前性行为的发生率较高。因此，应该控制当地的电影院，电影租赁店和杂货，以减少青少年接触色情电影和酒精。引用本文:Endalew D, gebremmichael B, Tesfa M, Asmamaw T(2018)埃塞俄比亚东南部中学青少年婚前性行为和与之相关的危险性行为:一项混合设计研究。[J]艾滋病临床杂志，9:775。doi: 10.4172 / 2155 - 6113.1000775
{"title":"Premarital Sexual Practice and Risky Sexual Behaviors Associated with it among Secondary School Adolescents, South East Ethiopia: A Mixed Design Study","authors":"Duressa Endalew, Bereket Gebremichael, MulugetaTesfa, Tarekegn Asmamaw","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000775","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is the journey of transition from childhood to adulthood at which mental, emotional, social and psychosexual development occurs. Early initiation to sexual intercourse without having proper protection has been one of the concerns. Previous studies in Ethiopia indicated significant numbers of adolescents are sexually active and only about 40% of them reported consistent use of condom which exposes them to various form of reproductive health risk. Therefore the main aim of this study was to assess premarital sexual practices and sexual and reproductive health risks associated with it among secondary school adolescents. Methods: School based cross-sectional study design supported by qualitative survey was used. A total of 702 study participant was selected by multi stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaire and focus group discussion were used to collect the data. Finally data were entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: The Magnitude of premarital sexual practice was 136 (20.6%) from which 99 (72.8%) were males. Mean age at first sexual initiation was found to be 15.5. Being male (AOR [95% CI] =4.60[2.25, 9.67]), having pocket money (AOR [95% CI] =2.86 [1.45, 5.63]), watching pornographic movies (AOR [95% CI] = 2.82 [1.30, 6.13]), and drinking alcohol (AOR [95% CI] = 1.99 [1.01, 3.91]) were found to have association with premarital sexual practice. Conclusion: The study reflected the prevalence of pre-marital sexual practices was high. Therefore there should be control over local cinemas, movie renting shops and groceries to decrease exposure of adolescents for pornographic movies and alcohols. Citation: Endalew D, Gebremichael B, Tesfa M, Asmamaw T (2018) Premarital Sexual Practice and Risky Sexual Behaviors Associated with it among Secondary School Adolescents, South East Ethiopia: A Mixed Design Study. J AIDS Clin Res 9: 775. doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000775","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-11-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000780
Sebastian Linnemayr, Sarah MacCarthy, Zachary Wagner, Joanna L Barreras, Frank H Galvan
In this short communication, we discuss some key behavioral economic (BE) biases that likely minimize HIV prevention efforts, explore why certain key populations such as men who have sex with men or transgender women-may be more likely to succumb to these biases, and suggest how incentives informed by BE can support these populations in their effort to remain HIV-negative. Based on our formative work in an ongoing study, we discuss two important insights regarding the use of incentives to inform future HIV prevention efforts. First, participants often expressed more excitement for prizes that were viewed as fun (e.g., movie gift cards) or luxurious (e.g., cosmetics gift cards) rather than necessities (e.g., grocery store gift cards) of the same financial value and suggests that including an element of fun can be a powerful tool for incentivizing safe HIV-related behavior. Second, participants preferred not to be "paid" to display health behaviors, indicating the way incentives are given out (and perceived) is central to their success. Going forward, a BE perspective can help improve the impact of incentives - and increase their cost-effectiveness by carefully adapting them to the preferences of their recipients.
{"title":"Using Behavioral Economics to Promote HIV Prevention for Key Populations.","authors":"Sebastian Linnemayr, Sarah MacCarthy, Zachary Wagner, Joanna L Barreras, Frank H Galvan","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000780","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this short communication, we discuss some key behavioral economic (BE) biases that likely minimize HIV prevention efforts, explore why certain key populations such as men who have sex with men or transgender women-may be more likely to succumb to these biases, and suggest how incentives informed by BE can support these populations in their effort to remain HIV-negative. Based on our formative work in an ongoing study, we discuss two important insights regarding the use of incentives to inform future HIV prevention efforts. First, participants often expressed more excitement for prizes that were viewed as fun (e.g., movie gift cards) or luxurious (e.g., cosmetics gift cards) rather than necessities (e.g., grocery store gift cards) of the same financial value and suggests that including an element of fun can be a powerful tool for incentivizing safe HIV-related behavior. Second, participants preferred not to be \"paid\" to display health behaviors, indicating the way incentives are given out (and perceived) is central to their success. Going forward, a BE perspective can help improve the impact of incentives - and increase their cost-effectiveness by carefully adapting them to the preferences of their recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/17/nihms-1006007.PMC6428081.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37087639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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