Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-02-13DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000756
Patricia A Agaba, Becky L Genberg, Atiene S Sagay, Oche O Agbaji, Seema T Meloni, Nancin Y Dadem, Grace O Kolawole, Prosper Okonkwo, Phyllis J Kanki, Norma C Ware
Objective: Differentiated care refers collectively to flexible service models designed to meet the differing needs of HIV-infected persons in resource-scarce settings. Decentralization is one such service model. Retention is a key indicator for monitoring the success of HIV treatment and care programs. We used multiple measures to compare retention in a cohort of patients receiving HIV care at "hub" (central) and "spoke" (decentralized) sites in a large public HIV treatment program in north central Nigeria.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized longitudinal program data representing central and decentralized levels of care in the Plateau State Decentralization Initiative, north central Nigeria. We examined retention with patient- level (retention at fixed times, loss-to-follow-up [LTFU]) and visit-level (gaps-in-care, visit constancy) measures. Regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the effect of decentralization on visit-level measures. Patient-level measures were examined using survival methods with Cox regression models, controlling for baseline variables.
Results: Of 15,650 patients, 43% were enrolled at the hub. Median time in care was 3.1 years. Hub patients were less likely to be LTFU (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97), compared to spoke patients. Visit constancy was lower at the hub (-4.5%, 95% CI: -3.5, -5.5), where gaps in care were also more likely to occur (adjusted odds ratio=1.95, 95% CI: 1.83-2.08).
Conclusion: Decentralized sites demonstrated better retention outcomes using visit-level measures, while the hub achieved better retention outcomes using patient-level measures. Retention estimates produced by incorporating multiple measures showed substantial variation, confirming the influence of measurement strategies on the results of retention research. Future studies of retention in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa will be well-served by including multiple measures.
{"title":"Retention in Differentiated Care: Multiple Measures Analysis for a Decentralized HIV Care and Treatment Program in North Central Nigeria.","authors":"Patricia A Agaba, Becky L Genberg, Atiene S Sagay, Oche O Agbaji, Seema T Meloni, Nancin Y Dadem, Grace O Kolawole, Prosper Okonkwo, Phyllis J Kanki, Norma C Ware","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Differentiated care refers collectively to flexible service models designed to meet the differing needs of HIV-infected persons in resource-scarce settings. Decentralization is one such service model. Retention is a key indicator for monitoring the success of HIV treatment and care programs. We used multiple measures to compare retention in a cohort of patients receiving HIV care at \"hub\" (central) and \"spoke\" (decentralized) sites in a large public HIV treatment program in north central Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study utilized longitudinal program data representing central and decentralized levels of care in the Plateau State Decentralization Initiative, north central Nigeria. We examined retention with patient- level (retention at fixed times, loss-to-follow-up [LTFU]) and visit-level (gaps-in-care, visit constancy) measures. Regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the effect of decentralization on visit-level measures. Patient-level measures were examined using survival methods with Cox regression models, controlling for baseline variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 15,650 patients, 43% were enrolled at the hub. Median time in care was 3.1 years. Hub patients were less likely to be LTFU (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97), compared to spoke patients. Visit constancy was lower at the hub (-4.5%, 95% CI: -3.5, -5.5), where gaps in care were also more likely to occur (adjusted odds ratio=1.95, 95% CI: 1.83-2.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decentralized sites demonstrated better retention outcomes using visit-level measures, while the hub achieved better retention outcomes using patient-level measures. Retention estimates produced by incorporating multiple measures showed substantial variation, confirming the influence of measurement strategies on the results of retention research. Future studies of retention in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa will be well-served by including multiple measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36032529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000762
S. K. Barik, K. K. Mohanty, D. Bisht, B. Joshi, S. Jena, S. Tripathy
In Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) routine surveillance system, it is required to identify the persons infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) recently or showing the clinical stages of AIDS. The sensitive and specific of the assay is essential to detect the HIV infections in early period. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening assay is a type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has gone through improvement in several generations effectively narrow the window period. The HIV specific antibodies, viral antigens are produced up to detectable level. The time is variable in different individuals to produce the HIV antibodies in the presence of the host’s immune pressure. This assay was developed from first generation to fifth generation based on its sensitivity and specificity. Due to the false positive reactivity, the accurate sensitive assay is required in field validations and routine testing of HIV infected samples. This EIA is generally used as a screening assay for blood donors and individuals those are at a risk in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes (AIDS). At present, the several types of EIA are the most widely used in serological test for HIV antibodies detection.
{"title":"An Overview of Enzyme Immunoassay: The Test Generation Assay in HIV/AIDS Testing","authors":"S. K. Barik, K. K. Mohanty, D. Bisht, B. Joshi, S. Jena, S. Tripathy","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000762","url":null,"abstract":"In Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) routine surveillance system, it is required to identify the persons infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) recently or showing the clinical stages of AIDS. The sensitive and specific of the assay is essential to detect the HIV infections in early period. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening assay is a type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has gone through improvement in several generations effectively narrow the window period. The HIV specific antibodies, viral antigens are produced up to detectable level. The time is variable in different individuals to produce the HIV antibodies in the presence of the host’s immune pressure. This assay was developed from first generation to fifth generation based on its sensitivity and specificity. Due to the false positive reactivity, the accurate sensitive assay is required in field validations and routine testing of HIV infected samples. This EIA is generally used as a screening assay for blood donors and individuals those are at a risk in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes (AIDS). At present, the several types of EIA are the most widely used in serological test for HIV antibodies detection.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000774
B. B. Billoro, G. Mamo, Habtemu Jarso
{"title":"Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors among HIV Infected Patients in Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial General Hospital, Hossana, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. B. Billoro, G. Mamo, Habtemu Jarso","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000769
N. Agarwal
Pericardial effusion is seen in 25% of HIV patients with advanced disease on echocardiography. But cardiac tamponade is rare in HIV. Here we report an interesting case of cardiac tamponade in HIV secondary to Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) infection.
{"title":"Cardiac Tamponade in HIV- A Rare Cause","authors":"N. Agarwal","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000769","url":null,"abstract":"Pericardial effusion is seen in 25% of HIV patients with advanced disease on echocardiography. But cardiac tamponade is rare in HIV. Here we report an interesting case of cardiac tamponade in HIV secondary to Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) infection.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000776
R. Chawla, Shishir Chandan
{"title":"HIV Associated Isolated Cerebellar Ataxia without Any Structural Abnormality in MRI","authors":"R. Chawla, Shishir Chandan","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000767
B. Jiang, R. Su, De-fa Zhang, Liying Gao, P. Ma, W. Lu
The prevalence and associated factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection in patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tianjin, China are under-studied. We measured CMV DNA in plasma specimens of 1347 HIV-infected patients. T-cell dynamics were measured by flow cytometry. A total of 1347 patients participated in this study. 1288 (95.6%) were male. The median age was 36. Both CMV positive and CMV negative groups were similar apart from the higher proportion of homosexual/bisexual HIV transmission in CMV negative group and the older age in CMV positive group. According to the duration of first-line ART, we did not observe a significant difference between CMV positive and CMV negative groups. CD4 counts and CD4 nadir counts are independent risk factors for the prevalence of CMV in HIV infected patients. We found a high prevalence of CMV (12.8%) in Tianjin HIV-infected patients starting ART. CMV serological status should be taken into account when measuring the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy on immune restoration.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV and CMV Co-Infection in Tianjin, China","authors":"B. Jiang, R. Su, De-fa Zhang, Liying Gao, P. Ma, W. Lu","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000767","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and associated factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection in patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tianjin, China are under-studied. We measured CMV DNA in plasma specimens of 1347 HIV-infected patients. T-cell dynamics were measured by flow cytometry. A total of 1347 patients participated in this study. 1288 (95.6%) were male. The median age was 36. Both CMV positive and CMV negative groups were similar apart from the higher proportion of homosexual/bisexual HIV transmission in CMV negative group and the older age in CMV positive group. According to the duration of first-line ART, we did not observe a significant difference between CMV positive and CMV negative groups. CD4 counts and CD4 nadir counts are independent risk factors for the prevalence of CMV in HIV infected patients. We found a high prevalence of CMV (12.8%) in Tianjin HIV-infected patients starting ART. CMV serological status should be taken into account when measuring the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy on immune restoration.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000772
Williams Bernice, O. Noel
Background: Although cancer prevention strategies have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the overall cervical cancer burden in developed countries, among women with HIV the problem remains unabated. Several studies have identified limited knowledge as a major contributory factor for cervical cancer especially in vulnerable populations like women with HIV. Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitudes of HPV, Pap smear testing and HPV vaccination among women with HIV utilizing the health belief model as a guiding framework for the study. Methods: 50 HIV positive women in the 21-64 age groups were purposively sampled from the HIV clinic in San Fernando General Hospital, South Trinidad. Data were collected using an administered questionnaire with a 100% response rate after receiving ethical approval. Results: Respondents were generally knowledgeable about Pap Smear testing but had limited knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination. Most respondents were unaware that HPV infection was a risk factor for cervical cancer. Many respondents knew that the purpose of pap testing and the recommended Pap testing guidelines for women with HIV. Although most respondents 43 (86%) considered Pap Smear testing to be important it was not a regular practice. The main reasons for not having regular Pap test include the procedure is embarrassing and painful, fear of a cervical cancer diagnosis, reluctance to be examined by male doctor and not being asked to do Pap test by healthcare professionals. Respondents also had a negative attitude when asked if they would recommend the vaccine to friends and relatives. Conclusion: While women with HIV may be knowledgeable of the risk associated with cervical cancer, this does not necessarily translate into effective screening behaviours. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for an organized and integrated cervical cancer screening program for women with HIV as an integral component of management.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude towards HPV, PAP Testing and HPV Vaccination among Women with HIV","authors":"Williams Bernice, O. Noel","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000772","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although cancer prevention strategies have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the overall cervical cancer burden in developed countries, among women with HIV the problem remains unabated. Several studies have identified limited knowledge as a major contributory factor for cervical cancer especially in vulnerable populations like women with HIV. Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitudes of HPV, Pap smear testing and HPV vaccination among women with HIV utilizing the health belief model as a guiding framework for the study. Methods: 50 HIV positive women in the 21-64 age groups were purposively sampled from the HIV clinic in San Fernando General Hospital, South Trinidad. Data were collected using an administered questionnaire with a 100% response rate after receiving ethical approval. Results: Respondents were generally knowledgeable about Pap Smear testing but had limited knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination. Most respondents were unaware that HPV infection was a risk factor for cervical cancer. Many respondents knew that the purpose of pap testing and the recommended Pap testing guidelines for women with HIV. Although most respondents 43 (86%) considered Pap Smear testing to be important it was not a regular practice. The main reasons for not having regular Pap test include the procedure is embarrassing and painful, fear of a cervical cancer diagnosis, reluctance to be examined by male doctor and not being asked to do Pap test by healthcare professionals. Respondents also had a negative attitude when asked if they would recommend the vaccine to friends and relatives. Conclusion: While women with HIV may be knowledgeable of the risk associated with cervical cancer, this does not necessarily translate into effective screening behaviours. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for an organized and integrated cervical cancer screening program for women with HIV as an integral component of management.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000763
Fekadu Urgessa, Asnake Ararsa, Z. Ataro
Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to cause substantial morbidity on patients with HIV infection and contribute to mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of OIs among Anti-Retro viral treatment (ART) naive HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of OIs among ART naive HIV/AIDS patients. This study was conducted among 418 study participant. Data was collected by reviewing the cards’ of the patients for OIs at a baseline and by interviewing the participants for socio-demographic variables. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 software package for analysis. Result: Out of 418 study participants 219 (52.4%) of them had OIs. The most common OIs were Tuberculosis (TB) (13.2%), followed by Recurrent Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI) (8%) and Herpes Zoster (7.2%). Risk factors identified were advanced World Health Organization (WHO) stage (stage III and IV) (Adjusted odds Ratio (AOR)=3.84 95% CI=1.9, 7.73), <200 CD4 count at a baseline (AOR=2.2 95% CI=1.22, 4.06) and a primary and secondary school attended study participant (AOR=2.04 95% CI 1.10, 3.78) (AOR=2.53 95% CI 1.27, 5.03), respectively. Besides this, mean difference of CD4 count at a baseline showed that there was a significant difference between advanced WHO stages and stage I and II (t=3.158 p=0.002) and also it was significant between gender(t=-2.9 p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of OIs were 52.4% which seems low relative to previous studies conducted among the ART naive HIV/AIDS infected population; the commonest OI was TB, followed by a recurrent URTI and Herpes Zoster. Need a continuous awareness for healthcare providers in order to improve decisions regarding prophylaxis, early screening and appropriate diagnosis and management of OIs among HIV/AIDS infected patients.
背景:机会性感染(oi)继续导致HIV感染患者大量发病并导致死亡。本研究的目的是评估抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)初期HIV/AIDS患者中OIs的患病率及其危险因素。方法:采用基于机构的横断面研究，评估抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)初治HIV/AIDS患者oi的流行情况及危险因素。本研究在418名研究参与者中进行。收集数据的方法是在基线上回顾患者的OIs卡片，并对参与者进行社会人口变量访谈。数据录入Epi数据3.1版，转入SPSS 20版软件包进行分析。结果:在418名研究参与者中，219人(52.4%)患有OIs。最常见的是结核(TB)(13.2%)，其次是复发性上呼吸道感染(URTI)(8%)和带状疱疹(7.2%)。确定的危险因素分别为世界卫生组织(WHO)晚期(III期和IV期)(调整优势比(AOR)=3.84 95% CI=1.9, 7.73)，基线时CD4计数<200 (AOR=2.2 95% CI=1.22, 4.06)和小学和中学就读的研究参与者(AOR=2.04 95% CI 1.10, 3.78) (AOR=2.53 95% CI 1.27, 5.03)。此外，基线时CD4计数的平均差异显示，世卫组织晚期与I期和II期之间存在显著差异(t=3.158 p=0.002)，性别之间也存在显著差异(t=-2.9 p=0.004)。结论:初次接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS感染人群中oi的患病率为52.4%，与以往的研究相比较低;最常见的成骨不全是结核病，其次是复发性尿路感染和带状疱疹。需要不断提高保健提供者的认识，以便改进有关艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染患者的预防、早期筛查和适当诊断和管理oi的决定。
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Opportunistic Infections among Anti-Retro Viral Treatment Naive HIV/AIDS Infected Patients","authors":"Fekadu Urgessa, Asnake Ararsa, Z. Ataro","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000763","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to cause substantial morbidity on patients with HIV infection and contribute to mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of OIs among Anti-Retro viral treatment (ART) naive HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of OIs among ART naive HIV/AIDS patients. This study was conducted among 418 study participant. Data was collected by reviewing the cards’ of the patients for OIs at a baseline and by interviewing the participants for socio-demographic variables. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 software package for analysis. Result: Out of 418 study participants 219 (52.4%) of them had OIs. The most common OIs were Tuberculosis (TB) (13.2%), followed by Recurrent Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI) (8%) and Herpes Zoster (7.2%). Risk factors identified were advanced World Health Organization (WHO) stage (stage III and IV) (Adjusted odds Ratio (AOR)=3.84 95% CI=1.9, 7.73), <200 CD4 count at a baseline (AOR=2.2 95% CI=1.22, 4.06) and a primary and secondary school attended study participant (AOR=2.04 95% CI 1.10, 3.78) (AOR=2.53 95% CI 1.27, 5.03), respectively. Besides this, mean difference of CD4 count at a baseline showed that there was a significant difference between advanced WHO stages and stage I and II (t=3.158 p=0.002) and also it was significant between gender(t=-2.9 p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of OIs were 52.4% which seems low relative to previous studies conducted among the ART naive HIV/AIDS infected population; the commonest OI was TB, followed by a recurrent URTI and Herpes Zoster. Need a continuous awareness for healthcare providers in order to improve decisions regarding prophylaxis, early screening and appropriate diagnosis and management of OIs among HIV/AIDS infected patients.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"156 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70271193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000777
R. Quaye
Introduction: Several African countries, in response to the 2015 WHO guidelines recommending that all diagnosed as HIV positive be enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), have introduced treatment centers in an attempt to reach that population. Tanzania has been in the forefront of this effort. The HIV prevalence there is 5.9 % for those 15-49 years of age. Such a high prevalence rate can negatively affect the economic development of Tanzania. This paper explores the perspectives of a targeted population of Tanzanian individuals living with HIV, and examines their selfperception and the ways they manage their illness. Method: The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam among a population using ART. Two hundred individuals were interviewed at four treatment centers. Based upon systematic review of the literature on self-management of people living with HIV, the author developed specific questions that explored the respondents’ views on self-management, adherence to ART, their stigmatizing by others, and their views about condom and about the overall attitudes of their health care providers. Results: A majority of respondents reported learning about their HIV status by accident through voluntary testing. About eighty-five reported living with HIV for the past fifteenyears. We found that 68.5% have not informed their family members or significant others about their HIV status. Overwhelmingly, they were opposed to free distribution of condoms and preferred abstinence as the first line of defense against the disease. While majority of respondents received care from designated government and private clinics, some mentioned the need to provide more ART services. Conclusion: About half of the respondents reported that the services they received were at the level they expected but they argued that better management of staff time and greater staff sensitivity toward how the patient are perceived would have helped them better manage their treatment options. Several described the lack of privacy at the clinics, and some questioned whether care would be better handled through other means. The sample for this study is not a random sample of the entire population, in that all of them have tested HIV-positive and were receiving ART from a specific health facility. Our findings suggest that ART is improving the lives of Tanzanians. Citation: Quaye R (2018) Scaling-Up Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania: Perspectives of Users. J AIDS Clin Res 9: 777. doi: 10.4172/21556113.1000777
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000778
A. Khelil, H. Messid, A. Chiali, A. Boumehdi, T. Tilmatine, D. Ab, F. Abudhies, A. Elmentra
Objectives: Currently, the incidence of muco-cutaneous disease during infection has changed after the introduction of new antiretroviral therapy and means of screening for infection. A better knowledge of the characteristics of these dermatoses will help us in the future to a better care of the patients. This document aims to list muco-cutaneous diseases and STIs in patients living with HIV/AIDS and to better know their epidemiological characteristics. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out on HIV/AIDS cases with dermatoses and/or STIs, treated in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Hospital and University Center of Oran Algeria, over a period from January 1, 2009 to April 30, 2018. Results: Of the 116 HIV/AIDS cases treated for a dermatological condition, 105 cutaneous and mucosal manifestations were reported. More than 17% of cases had an association of two dermatoses and 7.5% of cases had a combination of dermatitis and an STI. In terms of frequency of dermatoses, venereal condylomas were the most contracted by patients with a rate greater than 15%, followed by seborrheic dermatitis (11.2%) and Kaposi's disease (6.8%). Conclusion: This study revealed the incidence of the most common skin and mucosal conditions in dermatology in HIV/AIDS cases. It also allowed us to compare our results with international series studies. Citation: Khelil A, Messid H, Chiali A, Boumehdi A, Tilmatine T, et al. (2018) Epidemiological Characteristics of Dermatological Diseases during HIV/ AIDS Infection. J AIDS Clin Res 9: 778. doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000778
目的:目前，在引入新的抗逆转录病毒疗法和感染筛查手段后，感染期间粘膜皮肤病的发病率发生了变化。更好地了解这些皮肤病的特点将有助于我们在未来更好地护理患者。本文件旨在列出艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的皮肤粘膜疾病和性传播感染，并更好地了解其流行病学特征。方法:这是一项回顾性描述性研究，对2009年1月1日至2018年4月30日期间在阿尔及利亚奥兰医院和大学中心皮肤病学和性病科治疗的伴有皮肤病和/或性传播感染的艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例进行了研究。结果:116例因皮肤疾病而接受治疗的HIV/AIDS患者中，有105例出现皮肤和粘膜表现。超过17%的病例伴有两种皮肤病，7.5%的病例同时伴有皮炎和性传播感染。从皮肤病的发病频率来看，性病尖锐湿疣的发病率最高，超过15%，其次是脂溢性皮炎(11.2%)和卡波西氏病(6.8%)。结论:本研究揭示了皮肤病学中HIV/AIDS病例中最常见的皮肤和粘膜疾病的发生率。它还允许我们将我们的结果与国际系列研究进行比较。引用本文:Khelil A, Messid H, Chiali A, Boumehdi A, Tilmatine T，等。(2018)HIV/ AIDS感染期间皮肤疾病的流行病学特征。[J]艾滋病临床杂志，9:778。doi: 10.4172 / 2155 - 6113.1000778
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