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Metabolic engineering of erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica 脂肪分解亚罗酵母利用甘油生产赤藓糖醇的代谢工程
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00005-9

Abstract

Erythritol as a four-carbon polyol has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical and daily chemical industries with characteristics of low caloric value and high chemical stability. Here, a system metabolic engineering strategy was used to increase the yield of erythritol from glycerol in Yarrowia lipolytica by enhancing the substrate transformation and restricting the by-product synthesis. Specifically, we determined that over-expression of a newly identified erythrose reductase YPR1 was able to improve the erythritol production as same as the well-known erythrose reductase ER27. Instead of its up-regulation, knockout of erythrose reductase ER10 was effective to improve erythritol synthesis. Moreover, both over-expression of YPR1 and deletion of ER10 significantly accelerated the glycerol utilization in response to high osmotic stress. To further decrease the by-product accumulation, a restriction and recycling strategy was implemented by knockout of mannitol dehydrogenase MDH2 and enhancement of arabitol dehydrogenase ADH1 and fructokinase HXK1. The engineered strain YL13 produced a titer of 25 g/L erythritol and less than 0.5 g/L mannitol and arabitol. By over-expression of transketolase TKL1, the final strain YL14 produced 28.5 g/L erythritol and none of mannitol and arabitol. This study provides a new idea for reducing the production of by-products and improving the glycerol conversion to erythritol.

摘要 赤藓糖醇作为一种四碳多元醇,具有热值低、化学稳定性高的特点,被广泛应用于食品、医药和日化行业。本文采用系统代谢工程策略,通过加强底物转化和限制副产物合成,提高了脂肪分解亚罗威氏菌(Yarrowia lipolytica)从甘油中提取赤藓糖醇的产量。具体来说,我们发现过度表达新发现的赤藓酮糖还原酶 YPR1 与众所周知的赤藓酮糖还原酶 ER27 一样,都能提高赤藓糖醇的产量。敲除赤藓酮糖还原酶 ER10 并不能上调赤藓酮糖还原酶的活性,反而能有效改善赤藓糖醇的合成。此外,在高渗透压胁迫下,过表达 YPR1 和缺失 ER10 都能显著加速甘油的利用。为了进一步减少副产物的积累,通过敲除甘露醇脱氢酶 MDH2 和增强阿拉伯糖醇脱氢酶 ADH1 和果糖激酶 HXK1,实施了限制和循环策略。改造菌株 YL13 产生的赤藓糖醇滴度为 25 克/升,甘露醇和阿拉伯糖醇滴度低于 0.5 克/升。通过过度表达转酮醇酶 TKL1,最终的菌株 YL14 产生了 28.5 克/升赤藓糖醇,没有产生甘露醇和阿拉伯糖醇。这项研究为减少副产品的产生和提高甘油转化为赤藓糖醇提供了一个新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive study on the inhibition mechanism of alpha-glucosidase by flavonoids via kinetic and structural analysis 通过动力学和结构分析全面研究黄酮类化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制机制
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00018-4
Jin Young Lee, Hoe-Suk Lee, Yu-Young Lee, Mi-Hyang Kim, Hyun-Joo Kim, Narae Han, Moon Seok Kang, Young Joo Yeon

Flavonoid consists of an extensive range of compounds with variable inhibitory activities against alpha-glucosidase, implicating its role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes caused by uncontrolled increases in the blood glucose level. Comprehensive study on a selected assortment of flavonoids for their degrees of inhibition, types of inhibitory mode and the structure–function relationship both in terms of the ligand chemical structure and in the context of the enzyme–inhibitor binding complex is therefore necessary to predict and develop efficient flavonoid inhibitors. Herein, flavonoids based on flavone, flavonol, flavanone and isoflavone skeletons in their aglycone and glycone forms were analyzed to this purpose. Most aglycones showed excellent inhibition, while glycones showed relatively low activities. Competitive, noncompetitive and mixed inhibition modes were observed from different types of flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms by binding to the active or allosteric sites of alpha-glucosidase were analyzed via the docking study. Quercetin with a superior competitive inhibitory activity bound near the catalytic residues within the active site, whereas other glycosylated quercetin derivatives bound at more distal sites. Mixed inhibitors resulted in opposite binding conformations in the allosteric site depending on whether they show more competitive-like or uncompetitive-like behaviors, while the noncompetitive inhibitor could bind in both conformations.

黄酮类化合物种类繁多,对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有不同的抑制活性,在预防和治疗因血糖水平失控升高而引起的糖尿病方面发挥着重要作用。因此,为了预测和开发高效的类黄酮抑制剂,有必要从配体化学结构和酶-抑制剂结合复合物的角度,对精选的各类类黄酮化合物的抑制程度、抑制模式类型和结构-功能关系进行全面研究。为此,我们分析了基于黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷酮和异黄酮骨架的苷元和糖元形式的类黄酮。大多数苷元显示出极好的抑制作用,而糖醛酸则显示出相对较低的活性。研究人员观察了不同类型黄酮的竞争性、非竞争性和混合抑制模式,并通过对接研究分析了它们与α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性位点或异生位点结合的分子机制。竞争性抑制活性较强的槲皮素与活性位点内的催化残基附近结合,而其他糖基化的槲皮素衍生物则与较远的位点结合。混合抑制剂在异构位点的结合构象截然相反,这取决于它们表现出的是竞争性抑制剂还是非竞争性抑制剂,而非竞争性抑制剂则可以两种构象结合。
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引用次数: 0
Galactose-based biohydrogen production from seaweed biomass by novel strain Clostridium sp. JH03 from anaerobic digester sludge 厌氧消化污泥中的新型梭状芽孢杆菌 JH03 利用海藻生物质生产基于半乳糖的生物氢
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00013-9
Jeong Hyeon Hwang, Hyun Joong Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nara Shin, Suk Jin Oh, Jeong-Hoon Park, Won-Dong Cho, Jungoh Ahn, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang

Seaweed biomass in Korea is rich in galactose following hydrolysis, and leveraging this resource for enhancing the biohydrogen production is the aim of this study. The study investigates the biohydrogen production potential of a newly isolated pure strain, Clostridium sp. JH03, utilizing galactose and seaweed biomass as renewable feedstocks. The strain could utilize galactose as the sole carbon source for biohydrogen production, with a maximum hydrogen yield of 1.61 mol H2/mol galactose. The parameters included pH, temperature, and initial galactose concentration, which were varied to determine the optimal conditions for maximum biohydrogen production. The optimal conditions for biohydrogen production were pH 9 and a temperature of 25 °C, with an initial galactose concentration of 10 g/L. Moreover, hydrogen production from seaweed hydrolysate by Clostridium sp. JH03 resulted in maximum production of 1.71 mol H2/mol galactose. The study also investigated that combining sludge, a common practice in dark fermentation, with JH03 increased biohydrogen production by up to 34%. By addressing the need for clean energy and reducing raw materials price using biomass, this study contributes to the advancement of sustainable and cost-compatible energy solutions.

韩国的海藻生物质在水解后富含半乳糖,本研究旨在利用这一资源提高生物制氢能力。本研究调查了新分离的纯菌株梭状芽孢杆菌 JH03 利用半乳糖和海藻生物质作为可再生原料生产生物氢的潜力。该菌株可利用半乳糖作为生物制氢的唯一碳源,最大产氢量为 1.61 mol H2/mol半乳糖。参数包括 pH 值、温度和初始半乳糖浓度,通过改变这些参数来确定最大生物产氢量的最佳条件。生物制氢的最佳条件是 pH 值为 9,温度为 25 °C,初始半乳糖浓度为 10 克/升。此外,梭状芽孢杆菌 JH03 从海藻水解物中制氢的最大产量为 1.71 mol H2/mol半乳糖。研究还发现,将暗发酵中常见的污泥与 JH03 结合使用,可使生物制氢量提高 34%。通过利用生物质满足清洁能源的需求和降低原材料价格,该研究为推动可持续和成本兼容的能源解决方案做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Enzymatic synthesis of nylon precursors by 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase 4-氨基丁酸氨基转移酶和 6-氧代己酸脱氢酶对尼龙前体的酶促合成作用
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00011-x
Hoe-Suk Lee, Yung-Hun Yang, Young Joo Yeon, Hyun June Park

6-Aminocaproic acid and adipic acid are the key value-added chemical precursors in the pharmaceutical, solvent and polyamide industry, including nylon-6, and nylon-6, 6. An enzymatic interconversion of the two precursors can provide a convenient and eco-friendly biosynthetic route to each of the precursors and thus, require analysis of the reaction process. Herein, an in vitro enzymatic method was employed to convert the two precursors while most studies so far have focused on the whole cell bioconversion to investigate the process. 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase was utilized to mediate the reactions between 6-aminocaproic acid and the intermediate 6-oxohexanoic acid with the aid of pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and amine donor/acceptor. 6-Oxohexanoate dehydrogenase was utilized for the reaction from 6-oxohexanoic acid to adipic acid with NADP+. A range of reaction conditions were investigated including the type of amine donor, pH conditions, the concentrations of enzyme and amine donor/acceptor. The optimum condition resulted in 78% yield for the reaction from 6-oxohexanoic acid to 6-aminocaproic acid. The yield for the one-pot, two-step enzymatic cascade from 6-aminocaproic acid via 6-oxohexanoate intermediate to adipic acid was 88%, which was higher than the yield for each individual step in the cascade, with 31% and 32%, for the first and second step, respectively. Furthermore, structural analysis on the active site of the 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase docked with a range of amine donors implicates the optimal donor is glutamate in accordance with the experimental data and suggests enzyme engineering possibilities for more readily available donors to facilitate the industrial application of the process.

6-氨基己酸和己二酸是医药、溶剂和聚酰胺行业(包括尼龙-6 和尼龙-6, 6)的关键增值化学前体。这两种前体的酶促相互转化可为每种前体提供一种方便、环保的生物合成途径,因此需要对反应过程进行分析。迄今为止,大多数研究都侧重于全细胞生物转化来研究这一过程,而本文则采用体外酶法来转化这两种前体。在 5'-磷酸吡哆醛和胺供体/受体的帮助下,4-氨基丁酸氨基转移酶被用来介导 6-氨基己酸和中间体 6-氧代己酸之间的反应。在 6-oxohexanoic acid 与 NADP+ 的反应中,使用了 6-oxohexanoic acid 脱氢酶。研究了一系列反应条件,包括胺供体的类型、pH 值条件、酶和胺供体/受体的浓度。在最佳条件下,从 6-氧代己酸到 6-氨基己酸的反应产率为 78%。通过 6-oxohexanoate 中间体从 6-aminocaproic acid 到己二酸的一锅两步酶促级联反应的产率为 88%,高于级联反应中每个步骤的产率,第一步和第二步的产率分别为 31% 和 32%。此外,对与一系列胺供体对接的 4-氨基丁酸氨基转移酶活性位点的结构分析表明,最佳供体是谷氨酸,这与实验数据相符,并提出了酶工程的可能性,以获得更多容易获得的供体,从而促进该过程的工业应用。
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引用次数: 0
Component analysis and utilization strategy of brown macroalgae as promising feedstock for sugar platform-based marine biorefinery 棕色大型藻类作为基于制糖平台的海洋生物精炼厂的理想原料的成分分析和利用策略
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00022-8
Jeongho Lee, Hyeonmi Shin, Kang Hyun Lee, Hyeseon Lee, Giwon Lee, Sungho Jang, Gyoo Yeol Jung, Hah Young Yoo, Chulhwan Park

Brown algae have gained attention as a sustainable feedstock for biorefineries due to their ability to sequester carbon dioxide, rapid growth, and high carbohydrate content. The carbohydrate content in brown algae has only been analyzed for a few species, and in most cases, access to fundamental data such as sugar composition is limited, which hinders the assessment of brown algal biomass-based biorefining potential. In this study, the carbohydrate composition of brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida, Saccharina japonica, Ecklonia cava, and Ecklonia stolonifera) was analyzed in detail and application directions were proposed. As a result, alginate and glucan were detected in all resources, and the contents (alginate and glucan wt%) were as follows: U. pinnatifida (39.6 and 4.9 wt%), S. japonica (34.0 and 6.3 wt%), E. cava (24.3 and 7.7 wt%), and E. stolonifera (39.1 and 9.7 wt%). All feedstocks contain trace amounts (2.9–4.9 wt%) or no xylan-mannan-galactan. Mannitol was detected only in S. japonica (26.7 wt%) in rich, showing high potential as a biorefinery feedstock. We highlight that the carbohydrate composition of E. cava and E. stolonifera was analyzed for the first time and the potential use of brown algal biomass in a biorefinery approach.

褐藻作为生物精炼厂的可持续原料,因其具有二氧化碳封存能力、快速生长和高碳水化合物含量而备受关注。目前仅对少数几种褐藻的碳水化合物含量进行了分析,而且在大多数情况下,获取糖类成分等基本数据的途径有限,这阻碍了对褐藻生物质生物精炼潜力的评估。本研究详细分析了褐藻(Undaria pinnatifida、Saccharina japonica、Ecklonia cava 和 Ecklonia stolonifera)的碳水化合物组成,并提出了应用方向。结果在所有资源中都检测到了藻酸盐和葡聚糖,其含量(藻酸盐和葡聚糖重量百分比)如下:U. pinnatifida(39.6 和 4.9 wt%)、S. japonica(34.0 和 6.3 wt%)、E. cava(24.3 和 7.7 wt%)以及 E. stolonifera(39.1 和 9.7 wt%)。所有原料都含有微量(2.9-4.9 wt%)或不含木聚糖-甘露聚糖-半乳聚糖。仅在富含甘露糖醇(26.7 wt%)的 S. japonica 中检测到甘露糖醇,显示出作为生物精炼原料的巨大潜力。我们强调首次分析了 E. cava 和 E. stolonifera 的碳水化合物组成,以及褐藻生物质在生物精炼方法中的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
Natural products ameliorating the adverse health effects by air particulate matter 改善空气颗粒物对健康不利影响的天然产品
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00012-w
Dongyup Hahn, Min Jeong Kim, Yun Kwon, Eunjeong Kim, Dong Ho Park, Jong-Sup Bae

The threats of air pollution mediated by particulate matter (PM) to human health are severe burdens to modern society. For example, PM is inhaled in the lungs or affects keratinocytes to induce reactive oxygen species that exert oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and genotoxicity. Natural products are rich sources of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory chemicals that might counteract what PM does in the human body. This review provides a compilation of knowledge on bioactive natural products that improve the health conditions from PM-induced health outcomes. The natural products were classified according to biosynthetic origins or resources: phenolic compounds including flavonoids and other phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, phytochemicals from marine algae, statins, lipids, alkaloids, and other nitrogen-containing natural products. This review article covers the structures and biological activity of natural products investigated with tissue cells or animal models.

以颗粒物(PM)为媒介的空气污染对人类健康的威胁是现代社会的沉重负担。例如,可吸入颗粒物会吸入肺部或影响角质细胞,诱发活性氧,从而产生氧化应激、炎症反应和遗传毒性。天然产品是抗氧化和抗炎化学物质的丰富来源,可以抵消可吸入颗粒物在人体内的作用。本综述汇集了有关生物活性天然产品的知识,这些天然产品可改善由可吸入颗粒物引起的健康状况。根据生物合成来源或资源对天然产物进行了分类:酚类化合物(包括类黄酮和其他酚类化合物)、萜类化合物、类固醇、来自海洋藻类的植物化学物质、他汀类、脂类、生物碱和其他含氮天然产物。这篇综述文章介绍了用组织细胞或动物模型研究天然产品的结构和生物活性。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies for the enhancement of anti-cancer effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using drug binding fusion proteins 利用药物结合融合蛋白增强 5 型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂抗癌效果的策略
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00014-8
Hongbin Kim, Chang Yeop Keum, Su Yeon Lim, Kwang Suk Lim

Drug repurposing is a rapidly growing for the development of new therapeutic agents. Among them, phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, which show excellent effects as a treatment for erectile dysfunction, have been continuously reported for their potential as anti-cancer agents. It is necessary to apply targeted delivery systems to enhance the efficacy of the PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) as anti-cancer drugs. In this study, PDE5 inhibitor-binding domain (PBD) was developed to incorporate PDE5i into antibody using biological affinity binding without any chemical modifications. The PBD spontaneously bound with PDE5i, resulting in the formation of PBD/PDE5i complex. We also constructed a recombinant fusion protein composed of an anti-HER2 scFv and PBD (HER2 scFv-PBD) to deliver the PDE5i for the treatment of HER2 positive cancer cells. HER2 scFv-PBD could deliver the PDE5i into HER2-positive cancer cells and enhanced anti-cancer effect of the PDE5i. We have demonstrated the potential of tumor-directed PDE5 inhibition as a novel form of targeted therapy using drug binding fusion proteins.

在开发新的治疗药物方面,药物再利用正在迅速发展。其中,磷酸二酯酶-5(PDE5)抑制剂在治疗勃起功能障碍方面效果显著,但其作为抗癌药物的潜力也不断被报道。有必要应用靶向给药系统来提高 PDE5 抑制剂(PDE5i)作为抗癌药物的疗效。本研究开发了 PDE5 抑制剂结合域(PBD),利用生物亲和力将 PDE5i 结合到抗体中,无需任何化学修饰。PBD 自发与 PDE5i 结合,形成 PBD/PDE5i 复合物。我们还构建了一种由抗 HER2 scFv 和 PBD 组成的重组融合蛋白(HER2 scFv-PBD)来递送 PDE5i,用于治疗 HER2 阳性的癌细胞。HER2 scFv-PBD 可将 PDE5i 送入 HER2 阳性癌细胞,增强 PDE5i 的抗癌效果。我们利用药物结合融合蛋白证明了肿瘤定向 PDE5 抑制作为一种新型靶向疗法的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical, structural characterization and assessing the biological effects of cinnamon nanoparticles 肉桂纳米粒子的生物化学、结构特征和生物效应评估
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00004-w
Zahra Sabouri, Neda Shakour, Mohammad Sabouri, Samaneh Sadat Tabrizi Hafez Moghaddas, Majid Darroudi

The natural polyphenolic materials that cinnamon contains are well known for their different biological applications and have a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic attributes. Bioactive and harmless cinnamon nanoparticles (cinnamon-NPs) can be anticancer and antidiabetic agents. For this purpose, water-soluble cinnamon-NPs were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique for the first time and in vitro studies were performed to investigate their anti-diabetic effects. The outcomes of morphology, size, and stability of cinnamon-NPs were described through Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering/Zeta (DLS/Zeta), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The morphology of cinnamon-NPs was spherical and their average size was about 14.8 nm. Furthermore, the glucose consumption assay results revealed that compound cinnamon-NPs at 1.0 and 10 µM significantly lowered glucose levels (p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells exposed to 11.0 and 22.0 mM of glucose compared with standard (pioglitazone) and control groups. Therefore, the utilization of spherical NPs suspended in water could be useful for investigating therapeutic applications.

肉桂所含的天然多酚物质因其不同的生物应用而广为人知,并具有多种药理和治疗特性。具有生物活性且无害的肉桂纳米粒子(cinnamon-NPs)可作为抗癌剂和抗糖尿病剂。为此,研究人员首次采用水热技术合成了水溶性肉桂纳米粒子,并进行了体外研究以探究其抗糖尿病作用。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、动态光散射/Zeta(DLS/Zeta)、紫外可见光(UV-Vis)和傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)分析,对肉桂-NPs的形态、尺寸和稳定性进行了描述。肉桂-NPs 的形态呈球形,平均粒径约为 14.8 纳米。此外,葡萄糖消耗试验结果表明,与标准组(吡格列酮)和对照组相比,1.0 µM和10 µM的复合肉桂-NPs能显著降低暴露于11.0 mM和22.0 mM葡萄糖的HepG2细胞的葡萄糖水平(p < 0.05)。因此,利用悬浮在水中的球形 NPs 可用于研究治疗应用。
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引用次数: 0
Colorimetric detection of milk spoilage at low temperatures: a novel PDA/ZnO@NC membrane for pH-based freshness monitoring 低温下牛奶腐败的比色检测:基于 pH 值的新鲜度监测用新型 PDA/ZnO@NC 膜
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00021-9
Zhaowei Li, Huisoo Jang, Sungjin Park, Sun Min Kim, Tae-Joon Jeon

Food waste is a huge problem worldwide, and spoilage during storage is a major contributor. Food freshness monitoring systems can help reduce food waste by providing consumers with information to more accurately predict the shelf life of their food. In the case of milk, pH can be used as a freshness indicator. As milk spoils, microbial activity converts lactose to lactic acid, which produces hydrogen ions (H+) and consequently lowers the pH of the milk. In this paper, we propose a paper sensor that can detect the pH of milk in a refrigerated state (− 4 ℃) by color change. Polydiacetylene (PDA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite, which changes its color from blue to red as the pH decreases, was used as the color changing material. Specifically, the nanocomposite was applied to a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, which is approved as a food packaging material for monitoring freshness during transport or on the shelf. The freshness monitoring function of the sensor was verified by applying artificially spoiled milk samples to the PDA/ZnO@NC membrane. In particular, it was demonstrated that the PDA/ZnO@NC membrane was shown to detect spoiled milk samples with pH 4.5 in 10 min at low temperature. Furthermore, the color change of the sensor upon detection of spoilage remained stable even after long-term storage. In conclusion, the PDA/ZnO@NC membrane presented in this study can be widely applied to the freshness monitoring of various food products stored at low temperatures whose spoilage is evaluated by pH.

食物浪费是全球范围内的一个巨大问题,而储存过程中的变质则是造成浪费的主要原因。食品新鲜度监测系统可以为消费者提供信息,帮助他们更准确地预测食品的保质期,从而减少食品浪费。就牛奶而言,pH 值可用作新鲜度指标。牛奶变质时,微生物活动会将乳糖转化为乳酸,产生氢离子(H+),从而降低牛奶的 pH 值。本文提出了一种纸传感器,可通过颜色变化检测冷藏状态(- 4 ℃)下牛奶的 pH 值。聚二乙炔(PDA)/氧化锌(ZnO)纳米复合材料的颜色会随着 pH 值的降低由蓝色变为红色。具体来说,该纳米复合材料被应用于硝化纤维素(NC)膜上,后者已被批准用作食品包装材料,用于在运输过程中或货架上监测新鲜度。通过在 PDA/ZnO@NC 膜上人工添加变质牛奶样品,验证了传感器的新鲜度监测功能。特别是,在低温条件下,PDA/ZnO@NC 膜可在 10 分钟内检测到 pH 值为 4.5 的变质牛奶样品。此外,在检测到变质时,传感器的颜色变化即使在长期储存后也能保持稳定。总之,本研究提出的 PDA/ZnO@NC 膜可广泛应用于低温储存的各种食品的新鲜度监测,这些食品的变质是通过 pH 值来评估的。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication of folic acid–cysteamine-modified silver nanoparticles as promising contrast agent for computed tomography imaging 制备叶酸-半胱胺修饰的银纳米粒子,作为有望用于计算机断层扫描成像的造影剂
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00017-5
Wei Lian, Min Gan

The present work demonstrates the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Coffea arabica leaf extract. The AgNPs prepared by green route from C. arabica leaf were characterized through UV–visible, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive electron spectroscopy. Later, the prepared NPs were conjugated with cysteamine–folic acid and utilized as a contrast medium for in vitro targeted imaging of folic acid receptor-expressing malignant cells by computerized tomography (CT). At 80 kVp, the targeted cells exhibited CT values which were two times greater than that of the non-targeted cells. The results were compared with the folic acid-negative cell lines as well as the effective inhibition of folic acid receptor using free folic acid substrate. The outcome of the present study suggests that the fabricated cysteamine–folic acid-conjugated silver nanoparticles could be utilized as a potential contrast agent for molecular CT imaging. This information can be taken into consideration for applying AgNPs in enhancing radiation dose where nanoparticles containing greater X-ray attenuation were applied.

本研究利用阿拉伯咖啡叶提取物进行银纳米粒子(AgNPs)的生物合成。通过紫外可见光、X 射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和能量色散电子显微镜对从阿拉伯咖啡叶中提取的绿色方法制备的 AgNPs 进行了表征。随后,制备的 NPs 与半胱胺-叶酸共轭,用作计算机断层扫描(CT)对叶酸受体表达的恶性细胞进行体外靶向成像的造影剂。在 80 kVp 下,靶细胞的 CT 值是非靶细胞的两倍。研究结果与叶酸阴性细胞系以及使用游离叶酸底物有效抑制叶酸受体的结果进行了比较。本研究结果表明,制备的半胱胺-叶酸共轭银纳米粒子可作为一种潜在的造影剂用于分子 CT 成像。在应用含更大 X 射线衰减的纳米粒子提高辐射剂量时,可以考虑这一信息。
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Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
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