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Canal preparation is a critical step in endodontics because it involves removing a significant amount of dentin, which can weaken the root structure and lead to vertical root fractures. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effect of rotary files with constant, variable and guiding tapers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, as well as to assess the mode of fracture. Eighty freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were decoronated, simulated for periodontal ligament, embedded in acrylic resin blocks and subsequently instrumented using JIZAI, ProTaper Ultimate and XP-endo Rise systems. After obturation, fracture resistance was tested with a universal testing machine. The results showed that among the experimental groups, XP-endo Rise had the highest fracture resistance, which was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to ProTaper Ultimate and JIZAI, indicating better preservation of dentin.

Salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) holds promise as a screening tool for early oral mucosal changes, including precancers and cancers, often linked to tobacco use. This study evaluated salivary LDH levels across 135 patients from the dental outpatient department at M. G. M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Participants were categorized into three groups (n=45 each): non-tobacco users (controls), tobacco users without oral lesions and tobacco users with oral lesions. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, centrifuged and analyzed for LDH levels. Results revealed significantly highest salivary LDH levels in tobacco users with lesions, followed by tobacco users without lesions and then the control group. These findings suggest that salivary LDH could be a valuable biomarker for detecting pathological changes in the oral mucosa of tobacco users.

Breast cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with treatment response prediction posing a persistent challenge. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) offers tumor downstaging and assessment of histopathological response. In this prospective study of 125 patients, NAT led to a significant reduction in tumor cellularity (82.4% ± 12.3% to 31.7% ± 18.9%, p < 0.001) and increased fibrosis (15.2% ± 8.7% to 48.6% ± 15.4%, p < 0.001). Pathological complete response (pCR) occurred in 32% of patients, with higher rates in triple-negative (42.1%) and HER2-positive (38.5%) subtypes. High post-NAT tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated strongly with pCR (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Thus, we show that NAT induces significant histomorphological changes, which can serve as key prognostic indicators for therapeutic response and patient outcomes.

Labor pain is one of the most intense physiological pains experienced by primigravida mothers. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effectiveness of effleurage back massage in reducing labor pain among 180 primigravida women in selected hospitals of Bharuch, Gujarat. Hence, Participants were divided into experimental (n=90) and control (n=90) groups. The experimental group received effleurage massage during active labor, showing a significant reduction in pain scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Data shows that effleurage massage is a safe, cost-effective and evidence-based non-pharmacological intervention for labor pain management. Integration of effleurage massage into routine intrapartum care is recommended to improve maternal comfort.

Preterm infants (<34 weeks) often face feeding difficulties due to immature oromotor coordination. This randomized controlled trial of 150 preterm infants compared structured OMS, unstructured stimulation and standard care. Standard care led to earlier full oral feeding (8.84 ± 2.37 days), greater weight gain (40.04 ± 6.92%) and shorter hospital stay (24.16 ± 4.52 days) (p < 0.001). Developmental scores at 6 months were significantly higher with standard care than with OMS interventions. Standard care proved more effective than OMS in enhancing feeding, growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.

Retromolar canal (RMC) is an anatomic structure located in the Retro molar area distal to the third mandibular molar. The retro molar area is considered as an imperative site where many dental surgeries are being held and due to increasing demand for surgical procedure in the retromolar area of the mandible. The identification of the retromolar canal has become an issue of clinical concern. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the incidence of RMC in the mandible using CBCT and measure the distance between the Retro molar Foramen. Hence, 101 CBCT scans were examined to detect the presence of RMC on 3D CBCT. Data shows that the RMC was present in 64 out of 101 scans with 63.3% incidence rate.

The role of cognitive reserve in determining the severity of dementia following a stroke in individuals aged 55 and above is of interest. Hence, a total of 128 stroke survivors were followed for 12 months post-event, with cognitive reserve quantified using education level, occupational attainment and engagement in cognitive activities. Higher cognitive reserve scores were associated with milder post-stroke dementia outcomes and better functional independence. Thus, we show that cognitive reserve is a significant protective factor against severe cognitive decline after stroke.

The role of preoperative cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in modifying anesthetic management and influencing perioperative outcomes in high-risk non-cardiac surgery patients is of interest. A total of 120 adults with Revised Cardiac Risk Index ≥2 or significant cardiac comorbidity underwent standardized preoperative focused transthoracic echocardiography. Clinically significant previously undiagnosed cardiac findings were detected in 31.7% of patients, leading to anesthesia plan modifications in 24.2%, including escalation to invasive monitoring, anesthesia technique changes and preoperative cardiology consultation. Patients whose plans were modified experienced fewer intraoperative hypotensive episodes and reduced unplanned intensive care admissions compared with those without plan changes. Thus, we show the integration of preoperative cardiac POCUS into perioperative assessment pathways for high-risk surgical patients to optimize management and improve hemodynamic stability.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disorder marked by progressive cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation and subchondral bone remodeling, driven by pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the standard treatment, their long-term use is constrained by adverse effects, necessitating safer, multi-targeted therapeutic alternatives. Nilavaagai Kiyazham (decoction), a classical Siddha polyherbal formulation composed of 26 botanicals, has been traditionally indicated for Vadha (gas related) disorders, aligning with osteoarthritic symptomatology. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the binding efficacy of selected phytoconstituents such as Tinosporide, α-tocopherol and Apigenin with IL-6 and TNF-α. The compounds demonstrated high binding affinities with multiple key interactions at active sites, indicating their potential to inhibit inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in OA pathogenesis. Thus, data substantiate the anti-inflammatory claims of Nilavaagai Kiyazham and support its integration as a complementary therapeutic modality in OA management, warranting further pharmacodynamics and clinical evaluation.

The optimal surgical approach between Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) and Posterolateral Fusion (PLF) for Grade I/II spondylolisthesis remains unclear. Therefore, it is of interest to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of TLIF versus PLF in patients with Grade I/II spondylolisthesis. PLF achieved better 6-month functional outcomes (ODI 12.95 ± 2.54 vs 17.83 ± 1.95, p<0.001) and greater slip reduction (48.45% vs 40.20%, p<0.001). TLIF provided superior early leg pain relief at 3 months (VAS 2.03 ± 0.80 vs 2.50 ± 0.91, p=0.015) and better DPQ scores. Complication and fusion rates were similar between groups. Both techniques are effective, with choice guided by patient profile and clinical priorities.