Bioinformation最新文献

Biofilm-associated infections pose a major clinical problem due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticle-loaded irrigants in disrupting established Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Using in vitro 96-well plate models, biofilm biomass reduction and bacterial viability were assessed with crystal violet assay, CFU counts and SEM imaging after exposure to 2% and 1% chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline. Data showed that 2% chitosan nanoparticles produced the greatest biofilm disruption (89.7±3.2%) and bacterial reduction (4.8±0.3 log10 CFU/mL), significantly outperforming 1% chitosan and chlorhexidine. Thus, we show that chitosan nanoparticle irrigants, particularly at higher concentrations, may serve as effective alternatives for managing biofilm-associated infections.

One of the on-going clinical challenges in endodontic microsurgery is the regeneration of massive periapical lesions. Hence, a Forty patients participated in this randomized controlled clinical experiment to see how well platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) worked as a scaffold for regeneration in comparison to the body's inherent ability to mend blood clots. The decrease in lesion volume, pain ratings, and the repair of soft tissues were evaluated at 6 and 12 months by CBCT. PRF demonstrated a much higher rate of bone regeneration (85.2% vs. 64.8%, p < 0.001) and reduced levels of post-operative discomfort on days 1 and 3. Thus, we show that PRF is an inexpensive and easy way to improve the predictability of recovery after periapical surgery.

Single-implant mandibular overdentures have been proposed as a minimally invasive and cost-effective alternative to the two-implant standard, particularly suitable for geriatric patients. In this prospective study, 33 elderly patients received a single midline implant supporting an overdenture, and outcomes were evaluated for implant survival, prosthodontic maintenance, and patient satisfaction. The results demonstrated a 97% implant survival rate, with only minimal maintenance interventions such as matrix replacement and denture base adjustments required. Patient satisfaction improved markedly, rising from a baseline mean score of 45.0 to over 82.0 at 3 months, and remained stable at 12 months (p < 0.001). These findings confirm that single-implant mandibular overdentures provide reliable retention, high satisfaction, and favorable survival outcomes, establishing them as a practical solution for geriatric populations.

Hypertension has emerged as a global epidemic, particularly affecting developing countries like India. Central obesity, assessed through waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), is closely linked to cardio-metabolic disorders such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the predictive capability of anthropometric indicators and identifying individuals at risk of high blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Bhavnagar police personnel, involving measurements of both central and general obesity through anthropometric assessments. Thus, we show that BMI and waist circumference which indicating general and central obesity respectively, both are associated with hypertension with marginal superiority of BMI.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and renal impairment are important complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between them and body fat percentage (BFP) is not known. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 patients aged 30-70 years that measured DR severity, renal function and body fat percentage (BFP) using traditional clinical and anthropometric assessments. This data shows DR severity was related to measurable deterioration in renal parameters and raised body fat percentage (BFP). Thus, we show the understanding of the inter-relationships between microvascular and metabolic-related complications of diabetes. Increased screening earlier may help risk stratify and potentially facilitate comprehensive management of the patient in the clinical setting.

Vasopressin is increasingly being used as inotropic agent due to its catecholamine's sparing property. Vasopressin is instrumental in rapid adjustment of water excretion according to the state of body hydration. It is also used in treatment of DI; Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin or Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. however, there are only anecdote reports discussing the precipitation of DI d/t vasopressin withdrawal. Hence, we report a case of diabetes insipidus in post Coronary artery bypass grafting after vasopressin withdrawal.

Root canal instrumentation was associated with dentinal microcrack formation in all groups, with no statistically significant differences observed. The single-file reciprocating system showed fewer apical microcracks, while the rotary system demonstrated more apical defects but performed better at the coronal level. Complete fractures were relatively uncommon but occurred more frequently with reciprocating files at the coronal level. These variations suggest that factors beyond instrumentation kinematics, including file design and metallurgy, contribute to microcrack development. Further studies with advanced imaging are needed to validate these findings and assess their clinical implications.

Laser-assisted techniques are gaining popularity in pediatric dentistry due to reduced pain and faster healing. This study compared laser-assisted and conventional extractions in 60 children needing deciduous tooth removal. Pain levels, procedure time and healing were the main outcomes analyzed. Laser-assisted methods showed significantly less pain and quicker recovery. Thus, we show further research into laser techniques to enhance comfort and compliance in children.

Disarticulation methods, commonly referred to as bite raisers or bite planes, play a pivotal role in orthodontics. This review consolidates current literature on the various designs, classifications and modifications of anterior and posterior bite planes, along with their clinical indications, ideal requirements and associated complications. Special emphasis is placed on innovations that improve patient comfort, reduce dependence on compliance and minimize adverse effects such as trauma, speech interference, or undesired tooth movement. The article further highlights the significance of tailoring bite raiser selection to the patient"s facial type, malocclusion, mandibular plane angle and treatment mechanics. A comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics, application protocols and potential risks is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes.

The effects of successional versus premixed administration of fentanyl and hyperbaric ropivacaine for urological surgeries is of interest. Hence, a total of 56 patients were randomized into two groups: Group P received a premixed solution and Group S received fentanyl followed by ropivacaine. Results showed that Group S had an earlier onset and longer duration of sensory and motor blocks, with more stable hemodynamics. Side effects were comparable between the two groups. Thus, we show that successional administration provides faster onset, prolonged block duration and better hemodynamic stability with minimal side effects.