Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac58d6
Saumya Dash, Pinky, Varun Arora, Kunj Sachdeva, Harshita Sharma, A. Dinda, A. Agrawal, M. Jassal, S. Mohanty
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders has trended steeply upward and is expected to get doubled by 2030. The biological mechanism of bone repair involves both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. Despite the self-healing functionality after injury, bone tissue faces a multitude of pathological challenges. Several innovative approaches have been developed to prepare biomaterial-based bone grafts. To design a suitable bone material, the freeze-drying technique has achieved significant importance among the other conventional methods. However, the functionality of the polymeric freeze-dried scaffold in in-vivo osteogenesis is in a nascent stage. In this study facile, freeze-dried, biomaterial-based load-bearing three-dimensional porous composite scaffolds have been prepared. The biocompatible scaffolds have been made by using chitosan (C), polycaprolactone (P), hydroxyapatite (H), glass ionomer (G), and graphene (gr). Scaffolds of eight different groups (C, P, CP, CPH, CPHG, CPHGgr1, CPHGgr2, CPHGgr3) have been designed and characterized to evaluate their applicability in orthopedics. To evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds a series of physio-chemical, morphological, and in-vitro and in-vivo biological experiments have been performed. From the obtained results it was observed that the CPHGgr1 is the ideal compatible material for Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the blood cells. The in-vitro bone-specific gene expression study revealed that the scaffold assists MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the in-vivo study on the mice model was also performed for a period of four and eight weeks. The subcutaneous implantation of the designed scaffolds did not show any altered physiological condition in the animals, which indicated the in-vivo biocompatibility of the designed material. The histopathological study revealed that after eight weeks of implantation, the CPHGgr1 scaffold supported significantly better collagen deposition and calcification. The facile designing of the CPHGgr1 multicomponent nanocomposite provided an osteo-regenerative biomaterial with desired mechanical strength as an ideal regenerative material for cancellous bone tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Promoting in-vivo bone regeneration using facile engineered load-bearing 3D bioactive scaffold","authors":"Saumya Dash, Pinky, Varun Arora, Kunj Sachdeva, Harshita Sharma, A. Dinda, A. Agrawal, M. Jassal, S. Mohanty","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ac58d6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ac58d6","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide incidence of bone disorders has trended steeply upward and is expected to get doubled by 2030. The biological mechanism of bone repair involves both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. Despite the self-healing functionality after injury, bone tissue faces a multitude of pathological challenges. Several innovative approaches have been developed to prepare biomaterial-based bone grafts. To design a suitable bone material, the freeze-drying technique has achieved significant importance among the other conventional methods. However, the functionality of the polymeric freeze-dried scaffold in in-vivo osteogenesis is in a nascent stage. In this study facile, freeze-dried, biomaterial-based load-bearing three-dimensional porous composite scaffolds have been prepared. The biocompatible scaffolds have been made by using chitosan (C), polycaprolactone (P), hydroxyapatite (H), glass ionomer (G), and graphene (gr). Scaffolds of eight different groups (C, P, CP, CPH, CPHG, CPHGgr1, CPHGgr2, CPHGgr3) have been designed and characterized to evaluate their applicability in orthopedics. To evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds a series of physio-chemical, morphological, and in-vitro and in-vivo biological experiments have been performed. From the obtained results it was observed that the CPHGgr1 is the ideal compatible material for Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the blood cells. The in-vitro bone-specific gene expression study revealed that the scaffold assists MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the in-vivo study on the mice model was also performed for a period of four and eight weeks. The subcutaneous implantation of the designed scaffolds did not show any altered physiological condition in the animals, which indicated the in-vivo biocompatibility of the designed material. The histopathological study revealed that after eight weeks of implantation, the CPHGgr1 scaffold supported significantly better collagen deposition and calcification. The facile designing of the CPHGgr1 multicomponent nanocomposite provided an osteo-regenerative biomaterial with desired mechanical strength as an ideal regenerative material for cancellous bone tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":9016,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45238433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac5382
Haiyin Lv, Tengfei Wang, F. Ma, Kunchi Zhang, Tian Gao, R. Pei, Ye Zhang
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells is one of the reasons for tumor immune escape. Reducing PD-L1 expression has been proved to be an effective strategy to facilitate immune system activation and inhibit tumor progression. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for gene regulation in tumor therapy. In this study, we constructed a targeted siRNA delivery system NPs@apt to transfect PD-L1 siRNA into human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line (A549) for inhibiting tumor immune evasion. NPs@apt was prepared by compressing PD-L1 siRNA with cationic Lipofectamine 2000, fusing with erythrocyte membrane-derived nanovesicles, and further modifying with targeting AS1411 aptamer. The introduction of erythrocyte membrane endows the siRNA delivery system with lower cytotoxicity and the ability to escape from the phagocytosis of macrophages. The stability of NPs@apt and the protection to loaded siRNA were confirmed. In vitro studies after NPs@apt treatment demonstrated that PD-L1 siRNA was selectively delivered into A549 cells, and further resulted in PD-L1 gene knockdown, T cell activation and tumor cell growth inhibition. This study offers an alternative strategy for specific siRNA transfection for improving anti-tumor immunity.
程序性死亡配体1 (Programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1)在肿瘤细胞表面过表达是肿瘤免疫逃逸的原因之一。降低PD-L1的表达已被证明是促进免疫系统激活和抑制肿瘤进展的有效策略。RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种很有前途的肿瘤基因调控技术。本研究构建靶向siRNA传递系统NPs@apt，将PD-L1 siRNA转染人非小细胞肺癌细胞系(A549)，抑制肿瘤免疫逃逸。用阳离子Lipofectamine 2000压缩PD-L1 siRNA，与红细胞膜源性纳米囊泡融合，并进一步靶向AS1411适配体修饰，制备NPs@apt。红细胞膜的引入使siRNA传递系统具有较低的细胞毒性和逃避巨噬细胞吞噬的能力。证实了NPs@apt的稳定性和对负载siRNA的保护作用。NPs@apt处理后的体外研究表明，PD-L1 siRNA被选择性地递送到A549细胞中，并进一步导致PD-L1基因敲低、T细胞活化和肿瘤细胞生长抑制。本研究为特异性siRNA转染提高抗肿瘤免疫提供了一种替代策略。
{"title":"Aptamer-functionalized targeted siRNA delivery system for tumor immunotherapy.","authors":"Haiyin Lv, Tengfei Wang, F. Ma, Kunchi Zhang, Tian Gao, R. Pei, Ye Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ac5382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ac5382","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells is one of the reasons for tumor immune escape. Reducing PD-L1 expression has been proved to be an effective strategy to facilitate immune system activation and inhibit tumor progression. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for gene regulation in tumor therapy. In this study, we constructed a targeted siRNA delivery system NPs@apt to transfect PD-L1 siRNA into human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line (A549) for inhibiting tumor immune evasion. NPs@apt was prepared by compressing PD-L1 siRNA with cationic Lipofectamine 2000, fusing with erythrocyte membrane-derived nanovesicles, and further modifying with targeting AS1411 aptamer. The introduction of erythrocyte membrane endows the siRNA delivery system with lower cytotoxicity and the ability to escape from the phagocytosis of macrophages. The stability of NPs@apt and the protection to loaded siRNA were confirmed. In vitro studies after NPs@apt treatment demonstrated that PD-L1 siRNA was selectively delivered into A549 cells, and further resulted in PD-L1 gene knockdown, T cell activation and tumor cell growth inhibition. This study offers an alternative strategy for specific siRNA transfection for improving anti-tumor immunity.","PeriodicalId":9016,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42344178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_8
J. McKenzie, T. Webster
{"title":"Protein Interactions at Material Surfaces","authors":"J. McKenzie, T. Webster","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9016,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43319732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_11
S. Bhaduri, S. Bhaduri
{"title":"Biomaterials for Dental Applications","authors":"S. Bhaduri, S. Bhaduri","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9016,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3_11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_4
O. Wilson
{"title":"Biobased Materials for Medical Applications","authors":"O. Wilson","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9016,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43416079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_15
Rachel L. Williams, David Wong
{"title":"Ophthalmic Biomaterials","authors":"Rachel L. Williams, David Wong","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9016,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47197713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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