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Hybrid substrate-based pH autobuffering GABA fermentation by Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817 布氏左旋乳酸杆菌(Levilactobacillus brevis)CD0817 基于混合底物的 pH 自缓冲 GABA 发酵
IF 3.8 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03088-z
Lingqin Wang, Mengya Jia, Dandan Gao, Haixing Li

The probiotic fermentation of the bioactive substance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an attractive research topic. There is still room for further improvement in reported GABA fermentation methods based on a single substrate (l-glutamic acid or l-monosodium glutamate). Here, we devised a pH auto-buffering strategy to facilitate the fermentation of GABA by Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. This strategy features a mixture of neutral monosodium l-glutamate plus acidic l-glutamic acid as the substrate. This mixture provides a mild initial pH; moreover, the newly dissolved l-glutamic acid automatically offsets the pH increase caused by substrate decarboxylation, maintaining the acidity essential for GABA fermentation. In this study, a flask trial was first performed to optimize the GABA fermentation parameters of Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. The optimized parameters were further validated in a 10 L fermenter. The flask trial results revealed that the appropriate fermentation medium was composed of powdery l-glutamic acid (750 g/L), monosodium l-glutamate (34 g/L [0.2 mol/L]), glucose (5 g/L), yeast extract (35 g/L), MnSO4·H2O (50 mg/L [0.3 mmol/L]), and Tween 80 (1.0 g/L). The appropriate fermentation temperature was 30 °C. The fermenter trial results revealed that GABA was slowly synthesized from 0–4 h, rapidly synthesized until 32 h, and finally reached 353.1 ± 8.3 g/L at 48 h, with the pH increasing from the initial value of 4.56 to the ultimate value of 6.10. The proposed pH auto-buffering strategy may be popular for other GABA fermentations.

生物活性物质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的益生菌发酵是一个极具吸引力的研究课题。已报道的基于单一底物(l-谷氨酸或 l-谷氨酸钠)的 GABA 发酵方法仍有进一步改进的空间。在此,我们设计了一种 pH 自动缓冲策略,以促进 Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817 发酵 GABA。该策略以中性谷氨酸钠和酸性谷氨酸的混合物为底物。这种混合物可提供温和的初始 pH 值;此外,新溶解的 l-谷氨酸可自动抵消底物脱羧引起的 pH 值升高,从而保持 GABA 发酵所必需的酸度。本研究首先进行了烧瓶试验,以优化 Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817 的 GABA 发酵参数。优化后的参数在 10 升发酵罐中进行了进一步验证。烧瓶试验结果表明,合适的发酵培养基由粉末状 l-谷氨酸(750 g/L)、l-谷氨酸钠(34 g/L [0.2 mol/L])、葡萄糖(5 g/L)、酵母提取物(35 g/L)、MnSO4-H2O(50 mg/L [0.3 mmol/L])和吐温 80(1.0 g/L)组成。适宜的发酵温度为 30 °C。发酵罐试验结果表明,GABA 在 0-4 小时内合成缓慢,32 小时内合成迅速,48 小时内达到 353.1 ± 8.3 g/L,pH 值从初始值 4.56 升至最终值 6.10。所提出的 pH 自动缓冲策略可能会在其他 GABA 发酵过程中得到推广。
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引用次数: 0
Production and concentration of keratinases and application of fermentation residual in removing hexavalent chromium 角蛋白酶的生产和浓缩以及发酵残渣在去除六价铬中的应用
IF 3.8 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03087-0
Andressa Janaína Warken, Simone Kubeneck, Aline Frumi Camargo, Vitória Dassoler Longo, Larissa Capeletti Romani, Gabriel Henrique Klein, Sérgio L. Alves, Maulin P. Shah, Helen Treichel

The production of keratinases was evaluated in submerged fermentation with Aspergillus niger and by pigs’ swine hair in a batch bioreactor. Experimental planning was performed to assess the interaction between different variables. The enzyme extract produced was characterized at various pH and temperatures and subjected to enzyme concentration using a biphasic aqueous system and salt/solvent precipitation techniques. In addition, the substrate’s potential in reducing hexavalent chromium from synthetic potassium dichromate effluent with an initial concentration of 20 mg L−1 of chromium was evaluated. The resulting enzyme extract showed 89 ± 2 U mL−1 of keratinase. The enzyme concentration resulted in a purification factor of 1.3, while sodium chloride/acetone and ammonium sulfate/acetone resulted in a purification factor of 1.9 and 1.4, respectively. Still using the residual substrate of swine hair from the fermentation, a 94% reduction of hexavalent chromium concentration occurred after 9 h of reaction. Thus, the study proved relevant for producing keratinases, with further environmental applicability and the possibility of concentrating the extract via low-cost processes.

评估了黑曲霉浸没发酵法和批量生物反应器中猪的猪毛生产角蛋白酶的情况。进行了实验规划,以评估不同变量之间的相互作用。在不同的 pH 值和温度下,对产生的酶提取物进行了表征,并使用双相水体系和盐/溶剂沉淀技术对酶进行了浓缩。此外,还评估了底物从初始浓度为 20 mg L-1 的合成重铬酸钾污水中还原六价铬的潜力。所得酶提取物显示出 89 ± 2 U mL-1 的角蛋白酶。酶浓度的纯化系数为 1.3,而氯化钠/丙酮和硫酸铵/丙酮的纯化系数分别为 1.9 和 1.4。仍然使用发酵过程中残留的猪毛底物,反应 9 小时后,六价铬浓度降低了 94%。因此,该研究证明了生产角蛋白酶的相关性,具有进一步的环境适用性,并有可能通过低成本工艺浓缩提取物。
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引用次数: 0
A novel approach for perfusion process design based on a “Grey-Box” kinetic model 基于 "灰箱 "动力学模型的灌注工艺设计新方法
IF 3.8 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03082-5
Chenxi Gao, Weijian Zhang, Liang Zhao, Wen-Song Tan

Perfusion cell-culture mode has caught industrial interest in the field of biomanufacturing in recent years. Thanks to new technology, perfusion-culture processes can support higher cell densities, higher productivities and longer process times. However, due to the inherent operational complexity and high running costs, the development and design of perfusion-culture processes remain challenging. Here, we present a model-based approach to design optimized perfusion cultures of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Initially, four batches of bench-top reactor continuous-perfusion-culture data were used to fit the model parameters. Then, we proposed the model-based process design approach, aiming to quickly find out the “theoretically optimal” operational parameters combinations (perfusion rate and the proportion of feed medium in perfusion medium) which could achieve the target steady-state VCD while minimizing both medium cost and perfusion rate during steady state. Meanwhile, we proposed a model-based dynamic operational parameters-adjustment strategy to address the issue of cell-growth inhibition due to the high osmolality of concentrated perfusion medium. In addition, we employed a dynamic feedback control method to aid this strategy in preventing potential nutrient depletion scenarios. Finally, we test the feasibility of the model-based process design approach in both shake flask semi-perfusion culture (targeted at 5 × 107 cells/ml) and bench-top reactor continuous perfusion culture (targeted at 1.1 × 108 cells/ml). This approach significantly reduces the number of experiments needed for process design and development, thereby accelerating the advancement of perfusion-mode cell-culture processes.

灌注细胞培养模式近年来在生物制造领域引起了工业界的兴趣。由于采用了新技术,灌流培养工艺可以支持更高的细胞密度、更高的生产率和更长的工艺时间。然而,由于固有的操作复杂性和高运行成本,灌流培养工艺的开发和设计仍面临挑战。在此,我们介绍一种基于模型的方法,用于设计优化的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞灌流培养。首先,我们使用四批台式反应器连续灌流培养数据来拟合模型参数。然后,我们提出了基于模型的工艺设计方法,旨在快速找出 "理论上最优 "的操作参数组合(灌注速率和灌注培养基中的给料培养基比例),这些参数组合既能达到目标稳态VCD,又能在稳态期间使培养基成本和灌注速率最小化。同时,我们提出了基于模型的动态运行参数调整策略,以解决高浓度灌流介质的高渗透压抑制细胞生长的问题。此外,我们还采用了一种动态反馈控制方法来辅助这一策略,以防止潜在的营养耗竭情况。最后,我们在摇瓶半灌流培养(目标浓度为 5 × 107 cells/ml)和台式反应器连续灌流培养(目标浓度为 1.1 × 108 cells/ml)中测试了基于模型的流程设计方法的可行性。这种方法大大减少了工艺设计和开发所需的实验数量,从而加快了灌流模式细胞培养工艺的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Detection methods for antibiotics in wastewater: a review. 废水中抗生素的检测方法:综述。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03033-0
Yuting Luo, Yiwei Sun, Xiuxia Wei, Yuyang He, Haoxiang Wang, Zewen Cui, Jiaqi Ma, Xingcai Liu, Ruxin Shu, Huaqing Lin, Dongpo Xu

Antibiotics are widely used as fungicides because of their antibacterial and bactericidal effects. However, it is necessary to control their dosage. If the amount of antbiotics is too much, it cannot be completely metabolized and absorbed, will pollute the environment, and have a great impact on human health. Many antibiotics usually left in factory or aquaculture wastewater pollute the environment, so it is vital to detect the content of antibiotics in wastewater. This article summarizes several common methods of antibiotic detection and pretreatment steps. The detection methods of antibiotics in wastewater mainly include immunoassay, instrumental analysis method, and sensor. Studies have shown that immunoassay can detect deficient concentrations of antibiotics, but it is affected by external factors leading to errors. The detection speed of the instrumental analysis method is fast, but the repeatability is poor, the price is high, and the operation is complicated. The sensor is a method that is currently increasingly studied, including electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, biosensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, and surface plasmon resonance sensors. It has the advantages of fast detection speed, high accuracy, and strong sensitivity. However, the reproducibility and stability of the sensor are poor. At present, there is no method that can comprehensively integrate the advantages. This paper aims to review the enrichment and detection methods of antibiotics in wastewater from 2020 to the present. It also aims to provide some ideas for future research directions in this field.

抗生素具有抗菌和杀菌作用,因此被广泛用作杀菌剂。但是,必须控制其用量。如果抗生素用量过多,就不能被完全代谢和吸收,会污染环境,对人体健康造成很大影响。许多抗生素通常会残留在工厂或水产养殖废水中污染环境,因此检测废水中抗生素的含量至关重要。本文总结了几种常见的抗生素检测方法和预处理步骤。废水中抗生素的检测方法主要有免疫分析法、仪器分析法和传感器法。研究表明,免疫测定法可以检测出抗生素浓度不足的情况,但受外界因素影响,容易产生误差。仪器分析法的检测速度快,但重复性差,价格高,操作复杂。传感器是目前研究较多的一种方法,包括电化学传感器、光学传感器、生物传感器、光电化学传感器、表面等离子体共振传感器等。它具有检测速度快、准确度高、灵敏度强等优点。但传感器的再现性和稳定性较差。目前,还没有一种方法能全面整合这些优点。本文旨在回顾 2020 年至今废水中抗生素的富集和检测方法。本文还旨在为该领域未来的研究方向提供一些思路。
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引用次数: 0
Psidium guajav-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles as a multifunctional, microbicidal, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent against destructive pathogens. 瓜子黄酮介导的纳米氧化锌颗粒是一种多功能杀菌、抗氧化和抗增殖剂,可对抗破坏性病原体。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03052-x
P Prapula Thejashwini, R Chandrika, M C Madhusudhan, Shreya M Joshi, Daoud Ali, Saud Alarifi, Sudisha Jogaiah, Nagaraja Geetha

Bio-inspired zinc oxide nanoparticles are gaining immense interest due to their safety, low cost, biocompatibility, and broad biological properties. In recent years, much research has been focused on plant-based nanoparticles, mainly for their eco-friendly, facile, and non-toxic character. Hence, the current study emphasized a bottom-up synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Psidium guajava aqueous leaf extract and evaluation of its biological properties. The structural characteristic features of biosynthesized ZnO NPs were confirmed using various analytical methods, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a hydrodynamic shape with an average particle size of 11.6-80.2 nm. A significant antimicrobial efficiency with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 40 and 27 µg/ml for Enterococcus faecalis, followed by 30 and 40 µg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, 20 and 30 µg/ml for Staphylococcus mutans, 30 µg/ml for Candida albicans was observed by ZnO NPs. Additionally, they showed significant breakdown of biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans indicating their future value in drug-resistance research. Furthermore, an excellent dose-dependent activity of antioxidant property was noticed with an IC50 of 9.89 µg/ml. The antiproliferative potential of the ZnO NPs was indicated by the viability of MDA MB 231 cells, which showed a drastic decrease in response to increased concentrations of biosynthesized ZnO NPs. Thus, the present results open up vistas to explore their pharmaceutical potential for the development of targeted anticancer drugs in the future.

生物启发的氧化锌纳米粒子因其安全、低成本、生物相容性和广泛的生物特性而备受关注。近年来,许多研究都集中在植物基纳米粒子上,主要是因为它们具有环保、简便和无毒的特点。因此,本研究强调从番石榴叶水提取物中自下而上合成氧化锌纳米粒子(ZnO NPs),并评估其生物特性。本研究采用多种分析方法,如紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、能量色散X射线分析(EDX)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、动态光散射(DLS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM),证实了生物合成的氧化锌纳米粒子的结构特征。合成的 ZnO NPs 呈流体力学形状,平均粒径为 11.6-80.2 nm。氧化锌氮氧化物具有明显的抗菌效果,对粪肠球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为 40 微克/毫升和 27 微克/毫升,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌浓度分别为 30 微克/毫升和 40 微克/毫升,对变异葡萄球菌的抑菌浓度分别为 20 微克/毫升和 30 微克/毫升,对白色念珠菌的抑菌浓度分别为 30 微克/毫升。此外,氧化锌纳米粒子对变异葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的生物膜也有明显的破坏作用,这表明了氧化锌纳米粒子在耐药性研究中的未来价值。此外,它们还具有出色的剂量依赖性抗氧化活性,其 IC50 值为 9.89 µg/ml。氧化锌纳米粒子的抗增殖潜力体现在 MDA MB 231 细胞的存活率上,随着生物合成氧化锌纳米粒子浓度的增加,细胞存活率急剧下降。因此,目前的研究结果为今后探索其制药潜力、开发靶向抗癌药物开辟了前景。
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引用次数: 0
3D printed scaffolds of biosilica and spongin from marine sponges: analysis of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for bone tissue repair. 从海洋海绵中提取的生物二氧化硅和海绵蛋白三维打印支架:用于骨组织修复的遗传毒性和细胞毒性分析。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03042-z
Karolyne Dos Santos Jorge Sousa, Amanda de Souza, Matheus de Almeida Cruz, Lindiane Eloisa de Lima, Giovanna do Espirito Santo, Gustavo Oliva Amaral, Renata Neves Granito, Ana Claudia Renno

Biosilica (BS) and spongin (SPG) from marine sponges are highlighted for their potential to promote bone regeneration. Moreover, 3D printing is introduced as a technology for producing bone grafts with optimized porous structures, allowing for better cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds and to evaluate the biological effects in vitro. The scaffolds were printed using an ink containing 4 wt.% of sodium alginate. The physicochemical characteristics of BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, porosity, evaluation of mass loss, and pH measurement. For in vitro analysis, the cellular viability of the MC3T3-E1 cell lineage was assessed using the AlamarBlue® assay and confocal microscopy, while genotoxicity and mineralization potential were evaluated through the micronucleus assay and Alizarin Red S, respectively. SEM analysis revealed spicules in BS, the fibrillar structure of SPG, and material degradation over the immersion period. FTIR indicated peaks corresponding to silicon oxide in BS samples and carbon oxide and amine in SPG samples. BS-SPG scaffolds exhibited higher porosity, while BS scaffolds displayed greater mass loss. pH measurements indicated a significant decrease induced by BS, which was mitigated by SPG over the experimental periods. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity of scaffold extracts. .Also, the scaffolds promoted cellular differentiation. The micronucleus test further confirmed the absence of genotoxicity. These findings suggest that 3D printed BS and BS/SPG scaffolds may possess desirable morphological and physicochemical properties, indicating in vitro biocompatibility.

从海洋海绵中提取的生物二氧化硅(BS)和海绵蛋白(SPG)因其促进骨再生的潜力而备受瞩目。此外,3D 打印技术可用于生产具有优化多孔结构的骨移植物,使细胞更好地附着、增殖和分化。因此,本研究旨在确定 BS 和 BS/SPG 三维打印支架的特性,并评估其体外生物效应。这些支架是用含有 4 重量百分比海藻酸钠的油墨打印的。通过 SEM、EDS、FTIR、孔隙率、质量损失评估和 pH 值测量分析了 BS 和 BS/SPG 三维打印支架的理化特性。在体外分析方面,使用 AlamarBlue® 分析法和共聚焦显微镜评估了 MC3T3-E1 细胞系的细胞活力,并分别通过微核试验和茜素红 S 评估了遗传毒性和矿化潜力。扫描电子显微镜分析显示了 BS 中的尖晶石、SPG 的纤维状结构以及浸泡期间的材料降解情况。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)显示,BS 样品中的峰值与氧化硅相对应,SPG 样品中的峰值与氧化碳和胺相对应。BS-SPG 支架显示出更高的孔隙率,而 BS 支架则显示出更大的质量损失。 pH 值测量结果表明,BS 引起的 pH 值显著下降,而 SPG 则在实验期间缓解了这一现象。体外研究表明,支架提取物具有生物相容性和无细胞毒性。此外,支架还能促进细胞分化。微核试验进一步证实了其无遗传毒性。这些研究结果表明,三维打印 BS 和 BS/SPG 支架可能具有理想的形态和理化特性,表明其具有体外生物相容性。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced low-cost lipopeptide biosurfactant production by Bacillus velezensis from residual glycerin. Velezensis 杆菌利用残留甘油生产低成本脂肽生物表面活性剂的能力得到增强。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03051-y
Henrique A Brito, Amanda P Napp, Evandro Pereira, Evelise Bach, João V B Borowski, Luciane M P Passaglia, Vania M M Melo, Raphael Moreira, E Johan Foster, Fernanda C Lopes, Marilene H Vainstein

Biosurfactants (BSFs) are molecules produced by microorganisms from various carbon sources, with applications in bioremediation and petroleum recovery. However, the production cost limits large-scale applications. This study optimized BSFs production by Bacillus velezensis (strain MO13) using residual glycerin as a substrate. The spherical quadratic central composite design (CCD) model was used to standardize carbon source concentration (30 g/L), temperature (34 °C), pH (7.2), stirring (239 rpm), and aeration (0.775 vvm) in a 5-L bioreactor. Maximum BSFs production reached 1527.6 mg/L of surfactins and 176.88 mg/L of iturins, a threefold increase through optimization. Microbial development, substrate consumption, concentration of BSFs, and surface tension were also evaluated on the bioprocess dynamics. Mass spectrometry Q-TOF-MS identified five surfactin and two iturin isoforms produced by B. velezensis MO13. This study demonstrates significant progress on BSF production using industrial waste as a microbial substrate, surpassing reported concentrations in the literature.

生物表面活性剂(BSFs)是微生物利用各种碳源产生的分子,可应用于生物修复和石油回收。然而,生产成本限制了其大规模应用。本研究以残余甘油为底物,优化了 Velezensis 杆菌(菌株 MO13)的 BSFs 产量。在 5 升生物反应器中,采用球形二次中央复合设计(CCD)模型对碳源浓度(30 g/L)、温度(34 °C)、pH 值(7.2)、搅拌(239 rpm)和通气(0.775 vvm)进行了标准化。通过优化,BSFs 的最高产量达到了 1527.6 mg/L(表面活性剂)和 176.88 mg/L(伊曲肽),增加了三倍。此外,还评估了微生物发展、底物消耗、BSFs 浓度和表面张力对生物过程动态的影响。质谱 Q-TOF-MS 鉴定出了由 B. velezensis MO13 产生的五种表面活性剂和两种伊图灵同工酶。这项研究表明,利用工业废物作为微生物底物生产 BSF 取得了重大进展,其浓度超过了文献报道的浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by fungi and its potential in SERS. 真菌生物合成金纳米粒子及其在 SERS 中的应用潜力。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03053-w
Jacqueline Olvera-Aripez, Santiago Camacho-López, Mariela Flores-Castañeda, Carlos Belman-Rodríguez, Alfredo R Vilchis-Nestor, Ernestina Castro-Longoria

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has gained relevance for the identification of biomolecules and some cancer cells. Searching for greener NPs synthesis alternatives, we evaluated the SERS properties of AuNPs produced by using different filamentous fungi. The AuNPs were synthesized utilizing the supernatant of Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma asperellum, Alternaria sp. and Ganoderma sessile. The AuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) to identify its characteristic surface plasmon resonance, which was located at 545 nm (B. cinerea), 550 nm (T. atroviride), 540 nm (T. asperellum), 530 nm (Alternaria sp.), and 525 nm (G. sessile). Morphology, size and crystal structure were characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM); colloidal stability was assessed by Z-potential measurements. We found that, under specific incubation conditions, it was possible to obtain AuNPs with spherical and quasi-spherical shapes, which mean size range depends on the fungal species supernatant with 92.9 nm (B. cinerea), 24.7 nm (T. atroviride), 16.4 nm (T. asperellum), 9.5 nm (Alternaria sp.), and 13.6 nm (G. sessile). This, as it can be expected, has an effect on Raman amplification. A micro-Raman spectroscopy system operated at a wavelength of 532 nm was used for the evaluation of the SERS features of the AuNPs. We chose methylene blue as our target molecule since it has been widely used for such a purpose in the literature. Our results show that AuNPs synthesized with the supernatant of T. atroviride, T. asperellum and Alternaria sp. produce the stronger SERS effect, with enhancement factor (EF) of 20.9, 28.8 and 35.46, respectively. These results are promising and could serve as the base line for the development of biosensors through a facile, simple, and low-cost green alternative.

利用金纳米粒子(AuNPs)进行的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)在生物大分子和一些癌细胞的鉴定方面具有重要意义。为了寻找更环保的 NPs 合成替代品,我们评估了利用不同丝状真菌生产的 AuNPs 的 SERS 特性。AuNPs 是利用 Botrytis cinerea、Trichoderma atroviride、Trichoderma asperellum、Alternaria sp.和 Ganoderma sessile 的上清液合成的。紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)对 AuNPs 进行了表征,以确定其特征性表面等离子体共振,其波长分别为 545 nm(B. cinerea)、550 nm(T. atroviride)、540 nm(T. asperellum)、530 nm(Alternaria sp.)和 525 nm(G. sessile)。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)对形态、尺寸和晶体结构进行了表征;通过 Z 电位测量对胶体稳定性进行了评估。我们发现,在特定的培养条件下,可以获得球形和准球形的 AuNPs,其平均尺寸范围取决于真菌种类的上清液,分别为 92.9 nm(B. cinerea)、24.7 nm(T. atroviride)、16.4 nm(T. asperellum)、9.5 nm(Alternaria sp.)和 13.6 nm(G. sessile)。可以预见,这将对拉曼放大产生影响。我们使用波长为 532 nm 的微型拉曼光谱系统来评估 AuNPs 的 SERS 特征。我们选择亚甲基蓝作为目标分子,因为它在文献中已被广泛应用。我们的结果表明,用 T. atroviride、T. asperellum 和 Alternaria sp.的上清液合成的 AuNPs 产生了更强的 SERS 效果,增强因子(EF)分别为 20.9、28.8 和 35.46。这些结果很有希望,可以作为开发生物传感器的基础,提供一种方便、简单和低成本的绿色替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of poly‑γ‑L‑diaminobutanoic acid production in Bacillus pumilus by repeated pH shocks. 通过反复 pH 值冲击提高枯草芽孢杆菌的聚-γ-L-二氨基丁酸产量
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03050-z
Shu Li, Nan Wang, Xiaoting Li

This study investigated the effect of pH on poly-γ-L-diaminobutanoic acid (γ-PAB) production by Bacillus pumilus in batch fermentation. In the natural fermentation where pH was not controlled, pH decreased from initial 7.0 to 3.0 in 18 h and γ-PAB production was 428.6 mg/L. In the pH-controlled fermentation, B. pumilus tended to proliferation at higher pH, while γ-PAB synthesis was favorable at lower pH, in which the optimal pH for γ-PAB production was 4.2, and γ-PAB yield reached 2284.5 mg/L. Adopting a pH shock strategy which lasted 9 h in the pre-fermentation phase, biomass (OD600) and γ-PAB yield of B. pumilus were obtained as 61.3 and 2794.6 mg/L, respectively, which were 10.8% and 22.4% higher than those in batch fermentation without pH shock. Subsequent fermentation of repeated pH shocks showed that a further higher productivity could be achieved, in which the final OD600 reached 65.1, and γ-PAB production reached as high as 3482.3 mg/L, which were increased by 6.2% and 17.1% compared with those in single pH shock, respectively. This study demonstrated that B. pumilus can synthesize more γ-PAB at suboptimal pH and provided a novel approach to regulate γ-PAB synthesis.

本研究探讨了 pH 值对枯草芽孢杆菌批量发酵生产聚-γ-L-二氨基丁酸(γ-PAB)的影响。在未控制 pH 值的自然发酵中,pH 值在 18 小时内从初始的 7.0 降至 3.0,γ-PAB 产量为 428.6 mg/L。在控制 pH 值的发酵中,普米氏菌在较高的 pH 值下倾向于增殖,而在较低的 pH 值下有利于γ-PAB 的合成,其中γ-PAB 生成的最佳 pH 值为 4.2,γ-PAB 产量达到 2284.5 mg/L。在预发酵阶段采用持续 9 小时的 pH 震荡策略,得到的 B. pumilus 生物量(OD600)和γ-PAB 产量分别为 61.3 和 2794.6 mg/L,比未进行 pH 震荡的批次发酵分别高出 10.8%和 22.4%。随后的重复 pH 震荡发酵表明,可以进一步提高生产率,最终 OD600 达到 65.1,γ-PAB 产量高达 3482.3 mg/L,与单次 pH 震荡发酵相比,分别提高了 6.2% 和 17.1%。该研究表明,普米氏菌能在次优pH条件下合成更多的γ-PAB,为调节γ-PAB的合成提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Green NiO nanoparticle-integrated PVA-alginate hydrogel: potent nanocatalyst for efficient reduction of anthropogenic water pollutants. 绿色氧化镍纳米粒子集成 PVA-海藻酸盐水凝胶:高效减少人为水污染物的强效纳米催化剂。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03046-9
Ganeswar Dalei, Monalisa Jena, Debasis Jena, Navneel Kaur, M Swadhin Shakti Prasad, Ayushman Sahu, Bijnyan Ranjan Das, Subhraseema Das

Hydrogel nanocatalyst composed of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles embedded in PVA-alginate hydrogels were potentially explored toward the reduction of anthropogenic water pollutants. The NiO nanoparticles was accomplished via green method using waste pineapple peel extract. The formation of the nanoparticles was affirmed from different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA, FESEM, and EDS. Spherical NiO nanoparticles were obtained having an average size of 11.5 nm. The nano NiO were then integrated into PVA-alginate hydrogel matrix forming a nanocomposite hydrogel (PVALg@ NiO). The integration of nano NiO rendered an improved thermal stability to the parent hydrogel. The PVALg@ NiO hydrogel was utilized as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and malachite green (MG) in the presence of a reducing agent, i.e., NaBH4. Under optimized conditions, the reduction reactions were completed by 4.0 min and 3.0 min for 4-NP and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), respectively, and the rate constant was estimated to be 1.14 min-1 and 2.15 min-1. The rate of reduction was found to be faster for the dyes and the respective rate constants were be 0.17 s-1 for RhB, MG and 0.05 s-1 for MO. The PVALg@ NiO hydrogel nanocatalyst demonstrated a recyclability of four runs without any perceptible diminution in its catalytic mettle. The efficacy of the PVALg@ NiO hydrogel nanocatalyst was further examined for the reduction of dyes in real water samples collected from different sources and the results affirm its high catalytic potential. Thus, this study paves the path for the development of a sustainable hydrogel nanocatalyst for reduction of hazardous pollutants in wastewater treatment.

由嵌入 PVA-海藻酸盐水凝胶的氧化镍(NiO)纳米颗粒组成的水凝胶纳米催化剂在减少人为水污染物方面具有潜力。纳米氧化镍颗粒是利用废弃菠萝皮提取物通过绿色方法制成的。紫外可见光、傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、热重分析、有限电子显微镜和电致发光等分析技术证实了纳米粒子的形成。获得的球形氧化镍纳米粒子的平均尺寸为 11.5 纳米。纳米氧化镍随后被整合到 PVA-海藻酸盐水凝胶基质中,形成纳米复合水凝胶(PVALg@ NiO)。纳米氧化镍的加入提高了母体水凝胶的热稳定性。PVALg@ NiO 水凝胶被用作催化剂,在还原剂 NaBH4 的存在下还原 4-硝基苯酚 (4-NP)、六氰基铁酸钾 (III)、罗丹明 B (RhB)、甲基橙 (MO) 和孔雀石绿 (MG)。在优化条件下,4-NP 和六氰合铁酸钾 (III) 的还原反应分别在 4.0 分钟和 3.0 分钟内完成,速率常数分别为 1.14 分钟-1 和 2.15 分钟-1。染料的还原速度较快,RhB、MG 和 MO 的还原速率常数分别为 0.17 s-1 和 0.05 s-1。PVALg@ NiO 水凝胶纳米催化剂可循环使用四次,其催化性能没有明显下降。研究人员还进一步检测了 PVALg@ NiO 水凝胶纳米催化剂还原不同来源真实水样中染料的功效,结果证实了它具有很高的催化潜力。因此,这项研究为开发一种可持续的水凝胶纳米催化剂来减少废水处理中的有害污染物铺平了道路。
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Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering
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