Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.2.7-8
A. Singh
In several toxicological research studies involving fish as animal model, it has been seen that fish die primarily because of suffocation caused due to dismantling of the vascular components followed by wear and tear and sloughing of epithelium layer of the respiratory organs such as gills and accessory respiratory organs (ARO) especially the air-breathing organs (ABO) found in some air-breathing fish species like Clarias batrachus, Clarias gariepinus, Anabas sp. etc. The gills are main respiratory organs and are fully aquatic in respiratory function while the ABO, on the other hand, are said to be aerial in nature i.e., extract the oxygen from atmospheric air. The ABO is hence more important for air-breathing fishes as they enable them to survive even in a condition of stress produced by ambient water contaminants/pollutants.
{"title":"The nitric oxide: A molecule of possible therapeutic use against aquatic stress in fishes.","authors":"A. Singh","doi":"10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.2.7-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.2.7-8","url":null,"abstract":"In several toxicological research studies involving fish as animal model, it has been seen that fish die primarily because of suffocation caused due to dismantling of the vascular components followed by wear and tear and sloughing of epithelium layer of the respiratory organs such as gills and accessory respiratory organs (ARO) especially the air-breathing organs (ABO) found in some air-breathing fish species like Clarias batrachus, Clarias gariepinus, Anabas sp. etc. The gills are main respiratory organs and are fully aquatic in respiratory function while the ABO, on the other hand, are said to be aerial in nature i.e., extract the oxygen from atmospheric air. The ABO is hence more important for air-breathing fishes as they enable them to survive even in a condition of stress produced by ambient water contaminants/pollutants.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"2 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70032784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.3.3-5
C. Casu, Riccardo Botta, C. Mannu
The classification of vascular lesions of the oral cavity is complex. To simplify, these lesions can be divided into two large groups: neoplasms (mostly benign) and vascular malformations. Laser treatment of oral vascular lesions seems to be an excellent device, and different wavelengths have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this work is to document a case of vascular lesion of the lip, developed in a few weeks in an adult patient successfully treated with a minimally invasive technique with the use of diode laser 810 nm. A young adult female patient was referred for a labial exophytic lesion that continued to grow despite previous topical therapies prescribed by dermatologists. The first dermatologist diagnosed herpetic manifestation and the second diagnosed labial granuloma. The patient has been subjected to ultrasound examination, which confirmed the suspected diagnosis of the benign vascular injury. The patient underwent 3 photocoagulation sessions performed with 810 nm diode laser and after 2 months the lesion completely healed without scarring and without alteration of sensitivity. Lip diseases are often treated dermatologists, although the labial mucosa belongs to the oral cavity. Through the use of a safety device, this type of injury can be managed within the dental office, and so an opportunity for dental practice. The diode laser can be considered safe and effective in the treatment of vascular lesions of the lip.
{"title":"Vascular lesion of the lip treated with a diode laser: A case report","authors":"C. Casu, Riccardo Botta, C. Mannu","doi":"10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.3.3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.3.3-5","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of vascular lesions of the oral cavity is complex. To simplify, these lesions can be divided into two large groups: neoplasms (mostly benign) and vascular malformations. Laser treatment of oral vascular lesions seems to be an excellent device, and different wavelengths have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this work is to document a case of vascular lesion of the lip, developed in a few weeks in an adult patient successfully treated with a minimally invasive technique with the use of diode laser 810 nm. A young adult female patient was referred for a labial exophytic lesion that continued to grow despite previous topical therapies prescribed by dermatologists. The first dermatologist diagnosed herpetic manifestation and the second diagnosed labial granuloma. The patient has been subjected to ultrasound examination, which confirmed the suspected diagnosis of the benign vascular injury. The patient underwent 3 photocoagulation sessions performed with 810 nm diode laser and after 2 months the lesion completely healed without scarring and without alteration of sensitivity. Lip diseases are often treated dermatologists, although the labial mucosa belongs to the oral cavity. Through the use of a safety device, this type of injury can be managed within the dental office, and so an opportunity for dental practice. The diode laser can be considered safe and effective in the treatment of vascular lesions of the lip.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"2 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70032920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.35841/biology-medicine.2.1.30-32
Hany El-Saadany
Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare fibro inflammatory disease unknown etiology involves the small bowel mesentry, most frequently observed in middle aged and older men. Recently, it was reported to be closely related to IgG4-RD. Many articles reported a close relation between IgG4-related and thyroid diseases including Hadhimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer. This report describes a lady with sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) proved serologically as well as histo-pathologically to be associated with IgG4-RD, with a past history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis then a hemithyroidectomy was done to the patient for multi nodular goiter whose pathology revealed papillary adenocarcinoma and treated accordingly. These findings support the previous reports relating IgG-RD with sclerosing mesenteritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
{"title":"IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis and its possible relation to papillarythyroid carcinoma in a 27-year-old Egyptian woman.","authors":"Hany El-Saadany","doi":"10.35841/biology-medicine.2.1.30-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/biology-medicine.2.1.30-32","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare fibro inflammatory disease unknown etiology involves the small bowel mesentry, most frequently observed in middle aged and older men. Recently, it was reported to be closely related to IgG4-RD. Many articles reported a close relation between IgG4-related and thyroid diseases including Hadhimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer. This report describes a lady with sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) proved serologically as well as histo-pathologically to be associated with IgG4-RD, with a past history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis then a hemithyroidectomy was done to the patient for multi nodular goiter whose pathology revealed papillary adenocarcinoma and treated accordingly. These findings support the previous reports relating IgG-RD with sclerosing mesenteritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70032951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.1.1-3
A. Zare, Afsaneh Radmehr, L. Hatamnezhad, S. Siamak, oghchian Shotorbani
Netherton’s syndrome (NS) is a rare disorder characterized by dermatological signs, such as ichthyosis, and a complex immunological dysfunction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with carcinomas on non-mucosal sites in immunodeficient individuals. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy with itchy, red skin, and fragile scalp and eyebrow hairs. HPV warts were diagnosed through the clinical findings and laboratory analyses. Leukocytosis with mild eosinophilia and normal hemoglobin was confirmed using blood test analyses. After diagnosis, we presented some treatment options.
{"title":"Numerous HPV warts in a young boy with Netherton syndrome: A case report.","authors":"A. Zare, Afsaneh Radmehr, L. Hatamnezhad, S. Siamak, oghchian Shotorbani","doi":"10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.1.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/BIOLOGY-MEDICINE.2.1.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Netherton’s syndrome (NS) is a rare disorder characterized by dermatological signs, such as ichthyosis, and a complex immunological dysfunction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with carcinomas on non-mucosal sites in immunodeficient individuals. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy with itchy, red skin, and fragile scalp and eyebrow hairs. HPV warts were diagnosed through the clinical findings and laboratory analyses. Leukocytosis with mild eosinophilia and normal hemoglobin was confirmed using blood test analyses. After diagnosis, we presented some treatment options.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70032307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.35841/biology-medicine.2.1.4-11
Mahmudur Rahman Ahm, Md Mahfuzur Rahman
Background: Obesity is a complex, severe and chronic disease that can have an unenthusiastic effect on many systems in human body. In traditional medication, many medicinal plants have been used to treat obesity. The aim of the present study is to present medicinal plants which are available in Bangladesh that proved their anti-obesity activities have been. Method: Bibliographic study was carried out by analyzing conventional text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting wide-reaching accepted scientific databases. In this review, the investigation terms were “obesity” in addition to (“herbal medicine” or “plant”, “medicinal plants” or “medicine traditional”) with no limiting search objects. Later it was cross checked whether the plants were available in the country or not from the Bangladeshi online medicinal plants databases. Findings: More than 100 plants have anti-obesity potentiality; however, only 23 species are available in Bangladesh. The plants are: Achyranthes aspera Linn, Acorus calamus Linn, Aegle marmelos Linn, Allium cepa Linn, Allium sativum Linn, Bombax ceiba L., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Cucumis melo L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, Morus alba L., Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Punica granatum L., Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Shorea robusta Gaertn, Solanum lycopersicum L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Tamarindus indica L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Moringa oleifera and Citrus limon (L.). Conclusion: There are a lot of plants in Bangladesh which seem to be a safe treatment source for obesity control. Further researches are recommended to evaluate this potentiality for presenting effective and safe drugs for obesity in the market.
{"title":"Medicinal plants having anti-obesity potentiality available in Bangladesh: A review.","authors":"Mahmudur Rahman Ahm, Md Mahfuzur Rahman","doi":"10.35841/biology-medicine.2.1.4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/biology-medicine.2.1.4-11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is a complex, severe and chronic disease that can have an unenthusiastic effect on many systems in human body. In traditional medication, many medicinal plants have been used to treat obesity. The aim of the present study is to present medicinal plants which are available in Bangladesh that proved their anti-obesity activities have been. Method: Bibliographic study was carried out by analyzing conventional text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting wide-reaching accepted scientific databases. In this review, the investigation terms were “obesity” in addition to (“herbal medicine” or “plant”, “medicinal plants” or “medicine traditional”) with no limiting search objects. Later it was cross checked whether the plants were available in the country or not from the Bangladeshi online medicinal plants databases. Findings: More than 100 plants have anti-obesity potentiality; however, only 23 species are available in Bangladesh. The plants are: Achyranthes aspera Linn, Acorus calamus Linn, Aegle marmelos Linn, Allium cepa Linn, Allium sativum Linn, Bombax ceiba L., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Cucumis melo L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, Morus alba L., Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Punica granatum L., Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Shorea robusta Gaertn, Solanum lycopersicum L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Tamarindus indica L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Moringa oleifera and Citrus limon (L.). Conclusion: There are a lot of plants in Bangladesh which seem to be a safe treatment source for obesity control. Further researches are recommended to evaluate this potentiality for presenting effective and safe drugs for obesity in the market.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"2 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70033068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000422
Makosha Patience Mamabolo, F. Muganza, M. T. Olivier, O. O. Olaokun, L. D. Nemutavhanani
Over 80% of African population depends on traditional knowledge for their well-being, and especially on plants as medicines. Although Helichrysum caespititium is among plants that are commonly used by traditional healers in Africa, its biological activities are still not scientifi cally proven and reported. The primary objective of this study is to assess the antigonorrhea activity and cytotoxicity of H. caespititium whole plant. The plant material was subjected to a serial exhaustive extraction to obtain different solvent extracts using n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water. The antigonorrhea activity of the four plant extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts) against 2008 WHO Neisseria gonorrhea reference strains and the toxicity of the extracts against rat liver cells were investigated. All four H. caespititium extracts showed good activity against the four 2008 WHO N. gonorrhea strains (F, O, N, G strains) under study in the range of 0.037 to 0.33 mg/ml. n-Hexane extract was observed to be the most potent against all the four strains with a lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.037 i¶ 0.0 mg/ml against G strain, which was comparable to gentamicin (standard 1) and more active compared to amoxicillin (standard 2), and also the most less toxic of all with LC50 value of 428.77 i¶ 4.76 I¼g/ml followed by water extract (394.36 i¶ 5.41 I¼g/ml) and methanol (357 i¶ 2.81 I¼g/ml). The results justify the usage of H. caespititium in the traditional medicine against gonorrhea infections.
超过80%的非洲人口依靠传统知识来维持他们的健康，特别是依靠植物作为药物。虽然蜡菊是非洲传统治疗师常用的植物之一，但其生物活性仍未得到科学证实和报道。本研究的主要目的是评估全株猪血藤的抗淋病活性和细胞毒性。用正己烷、二氯甲烷、甲醇和水对植物材料进行了一系列的穷举提取，得到了不同的溶剂提取物。研究了四种植物提取物(正己烷、二氯甲烷、甲醇和水提取物)对2008年WHO淋病奈瑟菌参比菌株的抗淋病活性和对大鼠肝细胞的毒性。四种虎皮草提取物对2008年世卫组织4种淋病奈撒菌(F、O、N、G)的活性均在0.037 ~ 0.33 mg/ml范围内。正己烷提取物对4种菌株的抑制作用最强，对G菌株的最低抑制浓度(MIC)值为0.037 i -¶0.0 mg/ml，与庆大霉素(标准1)相当，比阿莫西林(标准2)更有活性，毒性最小，LC50值为428.77 i -¶4.76 i - μ G /ml，其次是水提取物(394.36 i -¶5.41 i - μ G /ml)和甲醇提取物(357 i -¶2.81 i - μ G /ml)。该结果证明了在传统医学中对淋病感染的使用。
{"title":"Evaluation of Antigonorrhea Activity and Cytotoxicity of Helichrysum caespititium (DC) Harv. Whole Plant Extracts","authors":"Makosha Patience Mamabolo, F. Muganza, M. T. Olivier, O. O. Olaokun, L. D. Nemutavhanani","doi":"10.4172/0974-8369.1000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0974-8369.1000422","url":null,"abstract":"Over 80% of African population depends on traditional knowledge for their well-being, and especially on plants as medicines. Although Helichrysum caespititium is among plants that are commonly used by traditional healers in Africa, its biological activities are still not scientifi cally proven and reported. The primary objective of this study is to assess the antigonorrhea activity and cytotoxicity of H. caespititium whole plant. The plant material was subjected to a serial exhaustive extraction to obtain different solvent extracts using n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water. The antigonorrhea activity of the four plant extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts) against 2008 WHO Neisseria gonorrhea reference strains and the toxicity of the extracts against rat liver cells were investigated. All four H. caespititium extracts showed good activity against the four 2008 WHO N. gonorrhea strains (F, O, N, G strains) under study in the range of 0.037 to 0.33 mg/ml. n-Hexane extract was observed to be the most potent against all the four strains with a lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.037 i¶ 0.0 mg/ml against G strain, which was comparable to gentamicin (standard 1) and more active compared to amoxicillin (standard 2), and also the most less toxic of all with LC50 value of 428.77 i¶ 4.76 I¼g/ml followed by water extract (394.36 i¶ 5.41 I¼g/ml) and methanol (357 i¶ 2.81 I¼g/ml). The results justify the usage of H. caespititium in the traditional medicine against gonorrhea infections.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70928860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000449
Bankole Oluwamolakun, Ogunnusi Tolulope, Laoye J Babafemi, Ishola O Azeez, P. Edward
Background: Early stress exposure during neurodevelopmental stages has been linked to some adult neuropsychiatric disorders. The dopaminergic system which has been implicated in movement and reward system has been linked to movement and mood disorders when perturbed at early development. This study is designed to check the mechanisms involved in movement disorders such as dyskinesia, associated with early perturbed dopaminergic system in the motor cortex Methods: Haloperidol was used to block D2R in neonatal albino Wistar rats in utero by administering 20 mg/kg BW (intraperitoneally) to pregnant adult wistar rats (n=8) in the third week of gestation. Behavioural studies such as the rotarod test were carried out on the neonatal animals (n=5) to test their motor function at postnatal day twentyeight (P28). Electrophysiological recordings were carried out on the motor cortex (M1) to determine the significance of D2R inhibition on calcium neural activity. Immunofluorescence was done to demonstrate synaptic vesicle protein (SV) and microtubule associated protein kinases (MAP K) as a measure of synapses count and microtubule phosphorylation respectively. Results: Behavioural studies showed a decline in motor function of animals exposed to haloperidol in utero compared to the control. This motor deficit was accompanied by a significant increase in the Ca2+ neural activity of the motor cortex as shown by electrophysiological recordings. Immunofluorescence staining showed there was significant increase in the number of MAPK+ and SV+ cells in the motor cortex of haloperidol exposed animals compared to the control. Conclusion: These findings showed that early perturbation in dopaminergic system is associated with an increase in synapses and neuronal density, as well as an increase in phosphorylation of microtubules of neurons in the motor cortex.
{"title":"Defect in Synaptic Pruning of Motor Cortex Neurons is Associated with Early Perturbed Dopaminergic System","authors":"Bankole Oluwamolakun, Ogunnusi Tolulope, Laoye J Babafemi, Ishola O Azeez, P. Edward","doi":"10.4172/0974-8369.1000449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0974-8369.1000449","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early stress exposure during neurodevelopmental stages has been linked to some adult neuropsychiatric disorders. The dopaminergic system which has been implicated in movement and reward system has been linked to movement and mood disorders when perturbed at early development. This study is designed to check the mechanisms involved in movement disorders such as dyskinesia, associated with early perturbed dopaminergic system in the motor cortex Methods: Haloperidol was used to block D2R in neonatal albino Wistar rats in utero by administering 20 mg/kg BW (intraperitoneally) to pregnant adult wistar rats (n=8) in the third week of gestation. Behavioural studies such as the rotarod test were carried out on the neonatal animals (n=5) to test their motor function at postnatal day twentyeight (P28). Electrophysiological recordings were carried out on the motor cortex (M1) to determine the significance of D2R inhibition on calcium neural activity. Immunofluorescence was done to demonstrate synaptic vesicle protein (SV) and microtubule associated protein kinases (MAP K) as a measure of synapses count and microtubule phosphorylation respectively. Results: Behavioural studies showed a decline in motor function of animals exposed to haloperidol in utero compared to the control. This motor deficit was accompanied by a significant increase in the Ca2+ neural activity of the motor cortex as shown by electrophysiological recordings. Immunofluorescence staining showed there was significant increase in the number of MAPK+ and SV+ cells in the motor cortex of haloperidol exposed animals compared to the control. Conclusion: These findings showed that early perturbation in dopaminergic system is associated with an increase in synapses and neuronal density, as well as an increase in phosphorylation of microtubules of neurons in the motor cortex.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70930143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000444
T. Chaiphongpachara, A. Bumrungsuk, Chichanok Chitsawaeng, Kantima Sumchung, K. Chansukh
In this study, we assessed the efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom extract for killing larvae and attracting adult mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti and Culex sitiens) in the Samut Songkhram province of Thailand. Five extract concentrations (120, 12, 1.2, 0.12 and 0.012 mg/L) were used for larvicidal tests, while 3 concentrations (100, 10, and 1 mg/L) were examined for adult mosquito attraction. The larvicidal results showed that P. eryngii extract did not kill Ae. aegypti larvae, while the extract had minimal effect on Cx. sitiens larvae except at 1.2 mg/L. P. eryngii extract most attracted adult Ae. aegypti and Cx. sitiens mosquitoes at 10 mg/L, followed by 1 and 100 mg/L, respectively. Further, statistical analysis revealed a significantly different number of mosquitoes that responded to P. eryngii extract and octenol. This research demonstrated that this mushroom extract could be developed to attract mosquitoes, although only one concentration (10 mg/L) attracted more than half of all Ae. aegypti adults.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Pleurotus eryngii (King Oyster Mushroom) Extract for Killing Larvae and Attracting Adult Mosquito Vectors in Samut Songkhram Province of Thailand","authors":"T. Chaiphongpachara, A. Bumrungsuk, Chichanok Chitsawaeng, Kantima Sumchung, K. Chansukh","doi":"10.4172/0974-8369.1000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0974-8369.1000444","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we assessed the efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom extract for killing larvae and attracting adult mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti and Culex sitiens) in the Samut Songkhram province of Thailand. Five extract concentrations (120, 12, 1.2, 0.12 and 0.012 mg/L) were used for larvicidal tests, while 3 concentrations (100, 10, and 1 mg/L) were examined for adult mosquito attraction. The larvicidal results showed that P. eryngii extract did not kill Ae. aegypti larvae, while the extract had minimal effect on Cx. sitiens larvae except at 1.2 mg/L. P. eryngii extract most attracted adult Ae. aegypti and Cx. sitiens mosquitoes at 10 mg/L, followed by 1 and 100 mg/L, respectively. Further, statistical analysis revealed a significantly different number of mosquitoes that responded to P. eryngii extract and octenol. This research demonstrated that this mushroom extract could be developed to attract mosquitoes, although only one concentration (10 mg/L) attracted more than half of all Ae. aegypti adults.","PeriodicalId":90454,"journal":{"name":"Biology and medicine (Aligarh)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70929421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000441
B. Laoye, O. Bankole, E. A. Ekundayo, A. Ishola
The effect of haloperidol on neonatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus of postnatal day 20 rats (P.20) was investigated in this study. Haloperidol blocked dopamine receptors (D2R) and inhibited D2R on the membrane of neonate neurons. For this study the 0.5 ml (20 mg/kg) of haloperidol was administered to pregnant female animals intraperitoneally a week before delivery. At day P.20, 5 control animals and 5 haloperidol treated animals were taken to the behavioral studies room for the Y maze and Novel object recognition test, which was done 7 am in the morning before mating. Electrophysiology was done with 2 control pups and 2 treated pups. Electrodes were implanted in the brain at the hippocampal region 2 mm beneath the bregma, 2 mm lateral to the midline. Anterior Posterior (AP=0), Medial Lateral (ML=2 mm). Also immunolocalization and immunofluorescence of post synaptic density protein (PSD-95), hippocampal morphology and hippocampal neurons have been done respectively. Results from this study showed a decline in memory index for the Y maze as a result of the effect of D2R blockade thereby inhibiting neurotransmission in newborns. Electrophysiology result in this study showed an increase in the root mean square (RMS) of control pups. The increase in RMS is equivalent to increase in wave burst pattern caused by neuronal excitation. Immunochemistry result showed an increase in the number of PSD-95 in the hippocampus of an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase in the hippocampus of the treated neonatal rats when compared to the control neonatal rats Immunofluorescence showed decline in the number of neurons in the haloperidol treated rats and it also caused hippocampal damage in terms of morphology. Furthermore, results from electrophysiology showed a statistical significant difference with P value 0.04229 (P<0.05) using the student t-test. These findings suggest that D2R inhibition may cause decline in memory function, impair learning in newborns and disrupt neonatal dopaminergic neurotransmission.
本研究探讨氟哌啶醇对出生第20天大鼠海马新生多巴胺能神经传递的影响。氟哌啶醇阻断新生儿神经元膜上多巴胺受体(D2R)并抑制D2R。本研究在分娩前一周将0.5 ml (20mg /kg)氟哌啶醇腹腔注射给怀孕的雌性动物。在第P.20天，将5只对照动物和5只氟哌啶醇治疗动物带到行为研究室，在交配前的早上7点进行Y迷宫和新物体识别测试。2只对照幼犬和2只治疗幼犬进行电生理实验。电极被植入大脑海马区，在布雷马体下2mm，中线外侧2mm。前后侧(AP=0)，内侧外侧(ML= 2mm)。并分别进行了突触后密度蛋白(PSD-95)、海马形态和海马神经元的免疫定位和免疫荧光检测。本研究结果显示，由于D2R阻断的影响，新生儿的Y迷宫记忆指数下降，从而抑制了神经传递。本研究的电生理结果显示，对照组幼崽的均方根(RMS)增加。RMS的增加相当于神经元兴奋引起的波暴模式的增加。免疫化学结果显示，与对照组相比，氟哌啶醇处理大鼠海马中PSD-95数量增加，酪氨酸羟化酶增加。免疫荧光显示氟哌啶醇处理大鼠神经元数量减少，并造成海马形态学损伤。经学生t检验，电生理结果差异有统计学意义，P值为0.04229 (P<0.05)。这些结果表明，D2R抑制可能导致新生儿记忆功能下降，学习能力受损，并破坏新生儿多巴胺能神经传递。
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000445
Reagan J Major, A. Jarquin-Valdivia
Background: The diverse stimuli which ultimately trigger synaptic degeneration, may do so through a single, critical step or related pathways. The identification of such a step could possibly result in a significant breakthrough in our understanding of why synapses are particularly vulnerable. This could assist in the development of clinical strategies that protect synaptic function, possibly providing answers for a broad spectrum of disorders. Methods: We propose that the methodology behind the mystery of synaptic disintegration is found in the 4- dimensional aberrant neurological function. In the CNS this presents as delirium, in the PNS fragility (acquired hospital weakness). Results: Clinically, we observe that the loss of synaptic function may occur faster than the recovery of the neurological circuit, causing a sort of accelerated aging. Further experiments will be required to gain important insight into the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), its action on presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotransmitter release, and therapeutic ways to mediate this IGF-1 correlated age-associated decline. Further approaches to both observe and possibly correct these synaptic mechanisms include using ultrasound technology, electric stimulation of synaptic circuitry, radio wave, light stimulation, magnetic fields, virtual reality, and other physical methods that can interfere with the human’s internal electrical system, stimulating systems at risk that have lost their synaptic pathways and resetting or preserving homeostatic clinical mechanisms and outcomes. Conclusion: While there are a variety of clinically encountered conditions, such as sedatives, steroids, and immobility, that accelerate the synaptic dysfunction, we hypothesize the main critical pathway is that of Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), combining both the temporal element of neural circuitry and the dysregulation of the homeostatic functions that modulate synaptogenesis. The proposed 4D function of the nervous system relies on both timing and usage.
背景:最终触发突触退化的多种刺激可能通过单一的关键步骤或相关途径实现。这一步骤的识别可能会导致我们对突触为什么特别脆弱的理解的重大突破。这可能有助于开发保护突触功能的临床策略，可能为广泛的疾病提供答案。方法:我们提出的方法背后的神秘突触解体是发现在四维异常神经功能。在中枢神经系统表现为谵妄，在PNS表现为脆弱(获得性医院虚弱)。结果:在临床上，我们观察到突触功能的丧失可能比神经回路的恢复要快，造成一种加速老化。进一步的实验将需要深入了解胰岛素样生长因子1 (IGF-1)的分子机制，其对突触前和突触后神经递质释放的作用，以及介导这种IGF-1相关的年龄相关性下降的治疗方法。进一步观察和纠正这些突触机制的方法包括使用超声波技术、突触电路的电刺激、无线电波、光刺激、磁场、虚拟现实和其他可以干扰人体内部电系统的物理方法，刺激失去突触通路的危险系统，以及重置或保持体内平衡的临床机制和结果。结论:虽然临床上有各种各样的情况，如镇静剂、类固醇和不活动等，会加速突触功能障碍，但我们假设主要的关键途径是Hebbian spike- time -dependent plasticity (STDP)，结合了神经回路的时间因素和调节突触发生的稳态功能失调。提出的神经系统4D功能依赖于时间和使用。
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