Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002015
Katherine Hodgson
The subject of this paper is discourse-related word order variation associated with nominals in Eastern Armenian. Hale (1983) proposes that there are some languages which are non-configurational, i.e. lacking hierarchical syntactic structure. The properties that he proposed to be characteristic of non-configurational languages are a) free word order b) extensive use of null anaphora and c) discontinuous constituents. Armenian possesses all of these characteristics. However, since Hale’s original proposal, it has been pointed out that many apparently non-configurational languages do in fact have hierarchical syntactic structure, but that the surface patterns are determined primarily by discourse properties rather than by grammatical relations. These languages have been termed ‘discourse configurational’, defined by É. Kiss (1995) as follows: a language is discourse configurational if (discourse-) semantic functions topic (what sentence is ‘about’) and/or focus (identification) are associated with particular structural positions. It has been argued that this is indeed the case for the clause in Eastern Armenian (see e.g. Comrie (1984), Megerdoomian (2011) and Tamrazian (1994)). Making use of data from approximately 10,000 words of transcribed spontaneous speech by native speakers of Eastern Armenian discussion with native speaker consultants, and the Eastern Armenian National Corpus (www.eanc.net), I argue that the noun phrase exhibits similar discourse configurational properties to those found in the clause, and that these are responsible for word order variation within it. The interaction between noun-phrase-internal discourse-related movement and analogous discourse-related movement operations within the clause is responsible for the appearance of apparently discontinuous noun phrases. Thus the existence of Hale’s ‘non-configurational’ properties in EA does not justify the proposal that this language lacks hierarchical syntactic structure.
{"title":"Discourse Configurationality and the Noun Phrase in Eastern Armenian","authors":"Katherine Hodgson","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The subject of this paper is discourse-related word order variation associated with nominals in Eastern Armenian. Hale (1983) proposes that there are some languages which are non-configurational, i.e. lacking hierarchical syntactic structure. The properties that he proposed to be characteristic of non-configurational languages are a) free word order b) extensive use of null anaphora and c) discontinuous constituents. Armenian possesses all of these characteristics. However, since Hale’s original proposal, it has been pointed out that many apparently non-configurational languages do in fact have hierarchical syntactic structure, but that the surface patterns are determined primarily by discourse properties rather than by grammatical relations. These languages have been termed ‘discourse configurational’, defined by É. Kiss (1995) as follows: a language is discourse configurational if (discourse-) semantic functions topic (what sentence is ‘about’) and/or focus (identification) are associated with particular structural positions. It has been argued that this is indeed the case for the clause in Eastern Armenian (see e.g. Comrie (1984), Megerdoomian (2011) and Tamrazian (1994)). Making use of data from approximately 10,000 words of transcribed spontaneous speech by native speakers of Eastern Armenian discussion with native speaker consultants, and the Eastern Armenian National Corpus (www.eanc.net), I argue that the noun phrase exhibits similar discourse configurational properties to those found in the clause, and that these are responsible for word order variation within it. The interaction between noun-phrase-internal discourse-related movement and analogous discourse-related movement operations within the clause is responsible for the appearance of apparently discontinuous noun phrases. Thus the existence of Hale’s ‘non-configurational’ properties in EA does not justify the proposal that this language lacks hierarchical syntactic structure.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002012
Renée Lambert-Brétière
Innu, like other Algonquian languages, has complex verbal morphology, and morphemes are often not easily segmentable. Much of the terminology used in Algonquian linguistics was influenced by early Algonquianists, especially Leonard Bloomfield, and morphemes are described in structural terms: Innu verb stems consist of at least two morphemes, an INITIAL and a FINAL. They may also contain a MEDIAL. Following the Bloomfieldian tradition, a distinction was later proposed between PRIMARY derivation for the derivation of a verb stem, and SECONDARY derivation for morphemes that attach to a verb stem to form a new verb. In this article, I shall explain what the verbal complex in Innu is, describe its component morphemes, and discuss the impact of the Bloomfieldian heritage on the comparative use of data from Algonquian languages and more specifically of Innu.
{"title":"The Bloomfieldian Heritage in Algonquian Linguistics: The Verbal Complex in Innu","authors":"Renée Lambert-Brétière","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Innu, like other Algonquian languages, has complex verbal morphology, and morphemes are often not easily segmentable. Much of the terminology used in Algonquian linguistics was influenced by early Algonquianists, especially Leonard Bloomfield, and morphemes are described in structural terms: Innu verb stems consist of at least two morphemes, an INITIAL and a FINAL. They may also contain a MEDIAL. Following the Bloomfieldian tradition, a distinction was later proposed between PRIMARY derivation for the derivation of a verb stem, and SECONDARY derivation for morphemes that attach to a verb stem to form a new verb. In this article, I shall explain what the verbal complex in Innu is, describe its component morphemes, and discuss the impact of the Bloomfieldian heritage on the comparative use of data from Algonquian languages and more specifically of Innu.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001005
Katia Chirkova
: This paper focuses on the morphosyntax of comparison constructions in Lizu, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Southwest China. The paper has two goals: (1) to provide a synchronic description of four types of comparison constructions: (i) comparative constructions of superiority and inferiority, (ii) superlative constructions of superiority and inferiority, (iii) equative constructions, and (iv) similative constructions, and (2) to place their distinctive characteristics within a larger typological context. Lizu comparison constructions are characterised, on the hand, by the diversity of means of expression, combining morphological and periphrastic markers across construction types (e.g. morphological degree markers in the comparative and superlative constructions vs. periphrastic degree markers in the equative constructions); and, on the other hand, by co-existence of competing constructions (that is, two instances of superlative constructions of superiority and several instances of the equative and similative constructions). From a cross-linguistic perspective, two Lizu comparison constructions stand out: (1) the comparative construction of superiority with a dedicated, etymologically obscure, analytic standard marker and a dedicated bound degree marker (prefix), and (2) the superlative construction of superiority with a dedicated bound degree marker (prefix). Given that these construction types tend to show strong areal distribution where they occur, they are examined in the local areal context, as compared to corresponding constructions in the linguistic neighbors of Lizu: Namuzi, Pumi, Nuosu, Tibetan, and Mandarin. The implications of the findings are discussed in typological and areal perspectives.
{"title":"Comparison constructions in Lizu (Tibeto-Burman)","authors":"Katia Chirkova","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001005","url":null,"abstract":": This paper focuses on the morphosyntax of comparison constructions in Lizu, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Southwest China. The paper has two goals: (1) to provide a synchronic description of four types of comparison constructions: (i) comparative constructions of superiority and inferiority, (ii) superlative constructions of superiority and inferiority, (iii) equative constructions, and (iv) similative constructions, and (2) to place their distinctive characteristics within a larger typological context. Lizu comparison constructions are characterised, on the hand, by the diversity of means of expression, combining morphological and periphrastic markers across construction types (e.g. morphological degree markers in the comparative and superlative constructions vs. periphrastic degree markers in the equative constructions); and, on the other hand, by co-existence of competing constructions (that is, two instances of superlative constructions of superiority and several instances of the equative and similative constructions). From a cross-linguistic perspective, two Lizu comparison constructions stand out: (1) the comparative construction of superiority with a dedicated, etymologically obscure, analytic standard marker and a dedicated bound degree marker (prefix), and (2) the superlative construction of superiority with a dedicated bound degree marker (prefix). Given that these construction types tend to show strong areal distribution where they occur, they are examined in the local areal context, as compared to corresponding constructions in the linguistic neighbors of Lizu: Namuzi, Pumi, Nuosu, Tibetan, and Mandarin. The implications of the findings are discussed in typological and areal perspectives.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42824715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001017
Françoise Rose
This paper investigates the expression of comparison of equality and similarity in Mojeno Trinitario, an Arawak language spoken in Lowland Bolivia. A methodological introduction discusses the fact that within a first-hand corpus of spontaneous texts, the root kuti that expresses similarity occurs in five different constructions, while comparisons of equality are not found. The paper therefore focuses on this polycategorial root, which shows the two major functions of similative predicate ‘be like, resemble’ and similative preposition ‘like’. The root kuti is also used in verbal compounds, as a subordinator, and as an epistemic marker. The paper carefully describes the five similative constructions, and the form and function of the similative root kuti in each of these constructions. Two major issues discussed throughout the paper are the characterization of this polycategorial root in terms of parts of speech, and its diachronic evolution via grammaticalization and pragmaticalization.
{"title":"Similar but different: the functions of the Mojeño Trinitario root expressing similarity","authors":"Françoise Rose","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the expression of comparison of equality and similarity in Mojeno Trinitario, an Arawak language spoken in Lowland Bolivia. A methodological introduction discusses the fact that within a first-hand corpus of spontaneous texts, the root kuti that expresses similarity occurs in five different constructions, while comparisons of equality are not found. The paper therefore focuses on this polycategorial root, which shows the two major functions of similative predicate ‘be like, resemble’ and similative preposition ‘like’. The root kuti is also used in verbal compounds, as a subordinator, and as an epistemic marker. The paper carefully describes the five similative constructions, and the form and function of the similative root kuti in each of these constructions. Two major issues discussed throughout the paper are the characterization of this polycategorial root in terms of parts of speech, and its diachronic evolution via grammaticalization and pragmaticalization.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001011
Claire Moyse-Faurie
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Similarity, comparison of equality and verbal manner demonstratives in Polynesian languages Claire Moyse-Faurie
{"title":"Similarity, comparison of equality and verbal manner demonstratives in Polynesian languages","authors":"Claire Moyse-Faurie","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001011","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Similarity, comparison of equality and verbal manner demonstratives in Polynesian languages Claire Moyse-Faurie","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47815116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001014
{"title":"Faits de Langues – Les Cahiers","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43600243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001006
C. Taine-Cheikh
{"title":"L’expression de la comparaison d’égalitéet de la similitude en arabe ḥassāniyya : Points de vue typologique et diachronique","authors":"C. Taine-Cheikh","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48566530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001016
{"title":"L’information grammaticale","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44579410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001007
F. Guérin
{"title":"La comparaison d’égalité et de similitude en tchétchène et langues apparentées","authors":"F. Guérin","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43064084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05001009
{"title":"Site internet de la revue","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05001009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05001009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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