Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05101003
Larry M. Hyman
Based on the available literature and personal communications with specialists, this paper surveys the rich occurrence of verb extensions in the Nuba mountain languages which mark different grammatical functions such as causative, dative and locative applicatives, comparative, passive, antipassive, reciprocal/reflexive, and associative/instrumental, as well as ventive, itive, habitual, iterative and pluractional marking. Given the diversity of forms among the different groups in the area, a set of guidelines is considered to determine whether specific extensions can be reconstructed or are recent innovations. An extensive table is provided which provides the forms of the reported extensions and compares them with those reconstructed in specific subbranches of Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic, and in Khoe.
{"title":"A note on Nuba Mountain verb extensions","authors":"Larry M. Hyman","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05101003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05101003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on the available literature and personal communications with specialists, this paper surveys the rich occurrence of verb extensions in the Nuba mountain languages which mark different grammatical functions such as causative, dative and locative applicatives, comparative, passive, antipassive, reciprocal/reflexive, and associative/instrumental, as well as ventive, itive, habitual, iterative and pluractional marking. Given the diversity of forms among the different groups in the area, a set of guidelines is considered to determine whether specific extensions can be reconstructed or are recent innovations. An extensive table is provided which provides the forms of the reported extensions and compares them with those reconstructed in specific subbranches of Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic, and in Khoe.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05101003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43449122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05101002
N. Quint, S. Manfredi
Since Quint (2006), no general account of the languages spoken in the Nuba Mountains has ever been published in French. This paper aims at filling that gap. In section 1, we introduce the various languages spoken today in the Nuba Mountains, emphasizing the importance of native tongues but also mentioning the other languages in use in that region, in particular several local varieties of Arabic. In section two, we show that, in spite of their many typological and phylogenetic differences, most of Nuba Mountain languages do share a significant amount of commonalities, allowing to conceive of the region as an area of linguistic convergence. We conclude on the challenges and prospects that future research on the Nuba Mountain languages is expected to meet on the brink of the second quarter of the 21st century.
{"title":"Les monts Nouba : une région riche de ses langues","authors":"N. Quint, S. Manfredi","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05101002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Since Quint (2006), no general account of the languages spoken in the Nuba Mountains has ever been published in French. This paper aims at filling that gap. In section 1, we introduce the various languages spoken today in the Nuba Mountains, emphasizing the importance of native tongues but also mentioning the other languages in use in that region, in particular several local varieties of Arabic. In section two, we show that, in spite of their many typological and phylogenetic differences, most of Nuba Mountain languages do share a significant amount of commonalities, allowing to conceive of the region as an area of linguistic convergence. We conclude on the challenges and prospects that future research on the Nuba Mountain languages is expected to meet on the brink of the second quarter of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002006
Tatiana Nikitina
In spite of the prominent role of missionary linguists in shaping the field of modern African linguistics, the approaches adopted in their early grammar descriptions remain virtually unstudied, just as the descriptions themselves are largely ignored by modern linguists. This study explores the ways two 19th century missionary grammarians, R. Maxwell MacBrair and John Kemp, approached the task of describing verbal morphology of two languages from the Mande family, Mandinka and Susu. I discuss important differences between their approach and the one that has become prevalent in modern descriptive studies; these differences reflect to a large extent the different interests and goals of missionary and academic linguists. I also use the example of the two early grammars to illustrate the diversity of attitudes and approaches to language description concealed behind the label “missionary linguistics”. Even in the narrow domain of verbal morphology – which is far from prominent in the isolating Mande languages – the two grammarians resort to very different strategies for coping with the otherness of the material they describe. The diversity gives us a glimpse of the early stages of the development of a typology-sensitive descriptive tradition that informed the study of African languages as we presently know it.
{"title":"Missionary descriptions of Mande languages: verbal morphology in 19th century grammars","authors":"Tatiana Nikitina","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In spite of the prominent role of missionary linguists in shaping the field of modern African linguistics, the approaches adopted in their early grammar descriptions remain virtually unstudied, just as the descriptions themselves are largely ignored by modern linguists. This study explores the ways two 19th century missionary grammarians, R. Maxwell MacBrair and John Kemp, approached the task of describing verbal morphology of two languages from the Mande family, Mandinka and Susu. I discuss important differences between their approach and the one that has become prevalent in modern descriptive studies; these differences reflect to a large extent the different interests and goals of missionary and academic linguists. I also use the example of the two early grammars to illustrate the diversity of attitudes and approaches to language description concealed behind the label “missionary linguistics”. Even in the narrow domain of verbal morphology – which is far from prominent in the isolating Mande languages – the two grammarians resort to very different strategies for coping with the otherness of the material they describe. The diversity gives us a glimpse of the early stages of the development of a typology-sensitive descriptive tradition that informed the study of African languages as we presently know it.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44340474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002013
Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri, Viviana Masia
The implicit transmission of contents in a message is one of the most effective means of persuasive communication. In both commercial and political propaganda, discursive strategies such as presuppositions, implicatures and topicalisations (which we propose to recast as implicit communicative devices) are frequently used. This trend may hinge on the fact that these strategies conceal the actual communicative intention of the speaker (implicature) or his responsibility for the truth of the content conveyed (presuppositions and topicalisations). The paper proposes a reflection on the use of presuppositions, implicatures and topicalisations to achieve persuasive aims in communication. A discussion will be devoted to the cognitive constraints underlying the brain response to the processing of these categories, as well as to their influence on the receiver’s mental representation of the discourse model.
{"title":"L’information implicite entre économie d’effort et esquive du jugement critique","authors":"Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri, Viviana Masia","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The implicit transmission of contents in a message is one of the most effective means of persuasive communication. In both commercial and political propaganda, discursive strategies such as presuppositions, implicatures and topicalisations (which we propose to recast as implicit communicative devices) are frequently used. This trend may hinge on the fact that these strategies conceal the actual communicative intention of the speaker (implicature) or his responsibility for the truth of the content conveyed (presuppositions and topicalisations). The paper proposes a reflection on the use of presuppositions, implicatures and topicalisations to achieve persuasive aims in communication. A discussion will be devoted to the cognitive constraints underlying the brain response to the processing of these categories, as well as to their influence on the receiver’s mental representation of the discourse model.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002004
{"title":"Faits de Langues 20 et 21","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43416085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002005
É. Aussant, Aimée Lahaussois
{"title":"«Grammaires étendues» et descriptions de morphologie verbale","authors":"É. Aussant, Aimée Lahaussois","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48865832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002010
Aimée Lahaussois
The Kiranti languages of Eastern Nepal have polypersonal indexation, with two arguments encoded in verb agreement markers. In contemporary descriptions of Kiranti languages (from 1975 on), the tables presenting transitive verb paradigms are arranged according to the same layout, in a matrix format with the different person/number combinations for the agent argument represented in the vertical axis and the patient argument person/number combinations in the horizontal axis. In earlier grammars, however, a number of different formats for representing the combination of two arguments was used. In this article, I shall present the different paradigm formats found in a sampling of grammars of Kiranti languages from 1857 to the present day, with a view to tracing the origins of the current layout, and, in cases where significantly different layouts are encountered, attempting to retrace the model which may have influenced the presentation of the data
{"title":"The shapes of verbal paradigms in Kiranti languages","authors":"Aimée Lahaussois","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Kiranti languages of Eastern Nepal have polypersonal indexation, with two arguments encoded in verb agreement markers. In contemporary descriptions of Kiranti languages (from 1975 on), the tables presenting transitive verb paradigms are arranged according to the same layout, in a matrix format with the different person/number combinations for the agent argument represented in the vertical axis and the patient argument person/number combinations in the horizontal axis. In earlier grammars, however, a number of different formats for representing the combination of two arguments was used. In this article, I shall present the different paradigm formats found in a sampling of grammars of Kiranti languages from 1857 to the present day, with a view to tracing the origins of the current layout, and, in cases where significantly different layouts are encountered, attempting to retrace the model which may have influenced the presentation of the data","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002008
M. Vanhove
This articles discusses the various terminologes adopted by scholars since the mid-nineteeth century in their description of the verb paradigms of Beja, a Cushitic language, in the light of their theoretical approaches, and within the background of local grammatical traditions. It examines in turn purely synchronic approaches, and diachronic ones.
{"title":"Finite verb forms in Beja (Cushitic): Labels vs functions, a historical perspective","authors":"M. Vanhove","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002008","url":null,"abstract":"This articles discusses the various terminologes adopted by scholars since the mid-nineteeth century in their description of the verb paradigms of Beja, a Cushitic language, in the light of their theoretical approaches, and within the background of local grammatical traditions. It examines in turn purely synchronic approaches, and diachronic ones.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05002009
F. Jacquesson
Nous allons d’abord examiner la notion d’agglutination, telle qu’elle s’est installee dans le vocabulaire des linguistes modernes ; cela permettra d’en percevoir les implications theoriques. Pour cela, nous allons partir (§ 1) de ses emplois initiaux en francais chez Hovelacque, avec des exemples, puis (§ 2) nous remonterons dans le passe pour voir comment le concept a evolue depuis Schlegel jusqu’a Schleicher. Nous pourrons ensuite (§ 3) regarder quel emploi en fait de nos jours la linguistique analytique, avec l’exemple de travaux devolus aux verbes des langues Boro-Garo (groupe Tibeto-birman) du nord-est de l’Inde. Enfin (§4) nous reviendrons sur ce que la notion a implique pour les conceptions qu’on se faisait de l’histoire des langues, et sur ce qu’elle a permis de mettre a jour.
{"title":"La notion linguistique d’agglutination. Son histoire et l’analyse des verbes dans les langues Boro-Garo","authors":"F. Jacquesson","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05002009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05002009","url":null,"abstract":"Nous allons d’abord examiner la notion d’agglutination, telle qu’elle s’est installee dans le vocabulaire des linguistes modernes ; cela permettra d’en percevoir les implications theoriques. Pour cela, nous allons partir (§ 1) de ses emplois initiaux en francais chez Hovelacque, avec des exemples, puis (§ 2) nous remonterons dans le passe pour voir comment le concept a evolue depuis Schlegel jusqu’a Schleicher. Nous pourrons ensuite (§ 3) regarder quel emploi en fait de nos jours la linguistique analytique, avec l’exemple de travaux devolus aux verbes des langues Boro-Garo (groupe Tibeto-birman) du nord-est de l’Inde. Enfin (§4) nous reviendrons sur ce que la notion a implique pour les conceptions qu’on se faisait de l’histoire des langues, et sur ce qu’elle a permis de mettre a jour.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19589514-05002009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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