Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301003
Ana María Ramos Sañudo
This work presents an analysis of the marker il n’y a pas à dire from different perspectives. First, we study its lexicographical treatment in nine dictionaries and its presence in our corpus of written examples of contemporary French. Then, we consider the morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic attributes that make it an epistemic marker of the indisputable. With il n’y a pas à dire speakers consider the enunciative content as something undeniable: by using this linguistic unit they protect themselves behind the knowledge that is supposed to be shared with the community they belong to, so a personal assertion can be presented as if it were something already accepted, to which there could be no objection. The commitment to the content modalised by il n’y a pas à dire is thus intensified, because the speakers, who are committed to what they are saying, want to be assertive in the eyes of their interlocutors in order to have this content admitted.
这项工作从不同的角度对这一标记进行了分析。首先，我们研究了它在九本词典中的词典学处理，以及它在我们的当代法语书面范例语料库中的存在。然后，我们考虑了使其成为无可争议的认识标记的形态句法和语义语用属性。在这种情况下，演讲者认为发音内容是不可否认的：通过使用这种语言单位，他们在本应与所属社区共享的知识背后保护自己，因此可以将个人主张视为已经被接受的东西，对此没有异议。因此，对il’y a pasàdire所规范的内容的承诺得到了加强，因为演讲者致力于他们所说的话，希望在对话者眼中表现出自信，以便让这些内容被接受。
{"title":"Il n’y a pas à dire, un marqueur discursif du refus de contestation","authors":"Ana María Ramos Sañudo","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This work presents an analysis of the marker il n’y a pas à dire from different perspectives. First, we study its lexicographical treatment in nine dictionaries and its presence in our corpus of written examples of contemporary French. Then, we consider the morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic attributes that make it an epistemic marker of the indisputable. With il n’y a pas à dire speakers consider the enunciative content as something undeniable: by using this linguistic unit they protect themselves behind the knowledge that is supposed to be shared with the community they belong to, so a personal assertion can be presented as if it were something already accepted, to which there could be no objection. The commitment to the content modalised by il n’y a pas à dire is thus intensified, because the speakers, who are committed to what they are saying, want to be assertive in the eyes of their interlocutors in order to have this content admitted.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43895113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301004
Rola Skaff
This article describes the numeral system in several varieties of Soureth, one of the modern languages derived from the eastern branch of Aramaic, a Semitic language of the Northwest. Historically, it has been spoken in Iraq, Syria, Iran, and southeastern Turkey; and in the diaspora since the early 20th century. After describing the system in general, the article will study a particular phenomenon concerning the gender agreement between the numeral and the counted name. Modern Aramaic, like the classical language, Syriac, has a binary gender marking on the noun (masculine or feminine), which affects the relations of agreement. The numeral system also contains marked masculine and feminine forms that agree with the noun (Coghill 2004 & 2018, Poizat 2008). However, there is a process of gender neutralization of the numeral that occurs (Khan 2009). Indeed, numerals do not always change according to the gender of the name counted. They thus have a single form that could be called a “neutral” form. This paper presents the different uses of numerals in an oral corpus made up with Soureth speakers living in France. Some hypotheses will be proposed in order to analyze the neutralization process which does not exist in an absolute way in all varieties.
{"title":"Système numéral et neutralisation du genre numéral en soureth","authors":"Rola Skaff","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article describes the numeral system in several varieties of Soureth, one of the modern languages derived from the eastern branch of Aramaic, a Semitic language of the Northwest.\u0000Historically, it has been spoken in Iraq, Syria, Iran, and southeastern Turkey; and in the diaspora since the early 20th century.\u0000After describing the system in general, the article will study a particular phenomenon concerning the gender agreement between the numeral and the counted name. Modern Aramaic, like the classical language, Syriac, has a binary gender marking on the noun (masculine or feminine), which affects the relations of agreement. The numeral system also contains marked masculine and feminine forms that agree with the noun (Coghill 2004 & 2018, Poizat 2008). However, there is a process of gender neutralization of the numeral that occurs (Khan 2009). Indeed, numerals do not always change according to the gender of the name counted. They thus have a single form that could be called a “neutral” form.\u0000This paper presents the different uses of numerals in an oral corpus made up with Soureth speakers living in France. Some hypotheses will be proposed in order to analyze the neutralization process which does not exist in an absolute way in all varieties.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301007
N. Chériaa
This article is focusing on the following question: to what extent the morphological proximity between the french linguistic connector en fait and the italian linguistic connector infatti reveals a semantic proximity? In the framework of a lexical analysis, the prepositions en and in, as well as fait and fatti, it is needed to verify that the possibility of use of a connector can be determined by various parameters combining the semantic, lexical and morphological aspects. It is also important to highlight that both the French and Italian connectors are not always used within similar contexts and that the semes in the nominal core and in the preposition persist more in en fait than in infatti.
{"title":"Approche sémantique et contrastive des connecteurs français en fait et italien infatti : la proximité morphologique révèle-t-elle une proximité sémantique?","authors":"N. Chériaa","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article is focusing on the following question: to what extent the morphological proximity between the french linguistic connector en fait and the italian linguistic connector infatti reveals a semantic proximity? In the framework of a lexical analysis, the prepositions en and in, as well as fait and fatti, it is needed to verify that the possibility of use of a connector can be determined by various parameters combining the semantic, lexical and morphological aspects. It is also important to highlight that both the French and Italian connectors are not always used within similar contexts and that the semes in the nominal core and in the preposition persist more in en fait than in infatti.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301006
Hrach Martirosyan
The vocative, the case of direct address, is a form used for calling out and attracting or maintaining the addressee’s attention. It is not represented in Classical Armenian as an independent case category (§ 1b). At different stages of Armenian the vocative is often characterized by initial accentuation, which is comparable to other Indo-European traditions (§ 2). Accented vocative particles are used both in Classical Armenian and dialects (§ 3). Mostly in dialects, several words, particularly kinship terms and anthroponyms, take endings, one or a few of which may be regarded as relics of older vocative case endings (§ 4). In the Armenian dialects of Syria, one finds a few kinship terms the vocatives of which are compounds with ayr ‘man’ or tikin ‘mistress, lady’ (§ 5)
{"title":"Vocative strategies and accent in Armenian: synchrony and diachrony","authors":"Hrach Martirosyan","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The vocative, the case of direct address, is a form used for calling out and attracting or maintaining the addressee’s attention. It is not represented in Classical Armenian as an independent case category (§ 1b). At different stages of Armenian the vocative is often characterized by initial accentuation, which is comparable to other Indo-European traditions (§ 2). Accented vocative particles are used both in Classical Armenian and dialects (§ 3). Mostly in dialects, several words, particularly kinship terms and anthroponyms, take endings, one or a few of which may be regarded as relics of older vocative case endings (§ 4). In the Armenian dialects of Syria, one finds a few kinship terms the vocatives of which are compounds with ayr ‘man’ or tikin ‘mistress, lady’ (§ 5)","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301005
M. Urban
Throughout Central and South America, similar words for salient rodent species, the agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.), reconstruct to some of the most ancient known languages families in the species’ range, including Chibchan (*’kuri), Cariban (*akuri), Tupian (*akutˀi), and others. Unless these are dismissed as mere chance, this makes for as interesting as problematic evidence for deep linguistic history: what mechanisms account for the striking similarities that must go back far into prehistory? One possibility is that the words are lexical evidence for very old genealogical connections. While this is a possibility worth bearing in mind also in light of current and past suggestions that involve some of the relevant groups, we cannot conclude that this is indeed the case on the basis of the available evidence. Another, and perhaps less costly, hypothesis is very old borrowing involving relevant proto-languages or their ancestors However, is this a plausible scenario? On the basis of a large set of data featuring more than 400 languages from Central and South America, I show that neighboring languages have relatively frequently borrowed agouti-words from one another, involving reflexes of the above forms, but also others. This shows that it is natural to expect borrowing my. In either case, the similarities likely demonstrate very old interactions between the mentioned lineages, something with interesting implications on homeland hypotheses and scenarios of early spread.
{"title":"Agouti historiography: the problem of widespread lexical forms and deep linguistic history in Central and South America","authors":"M. Urban","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Throughout Central and South America, similar words for salient rodent species, the agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.), reconstruct to some of the most ancient known languages families in the species’ range, including Chibchan (*’kuri), Cariban (*akuri), Tupian (*akutˀi), and others. Unless these are dismissed as mere chance, this makes for as interesting as problematic evidence for deep linguistic history: what mechanisms account for the striking similarities that must go back far into prehistory? One possibility is that the words are lexical evidence for very old genealogical connections. While this is a possibility worth bearing in mind also in light of current and past suggestions that involve some of the relevant groups, we cannot conclude that this is indeed the case on the basis of the available evidence. Another, and perhaps less costly, hypothesis is very old borrowing involving relevant proto-languages or their ancestors However, is this a plausible scenario? On the basis of a large set of data featuring more than 400 languages from Central and South America, I show that neighboring languages have relatively frequently borrowed agouti-words from one another, involving reflexes of the above forms, but also others. This shows that it is natural to expect borrowing my. In either case, the similarities likely demonstrate very old interactions between the mentioned lineages, something with interesting implications on homeland hypotheses and scenarios of early spread.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64469957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301008
Nelly Foucher Stenkløv, Hans Petter Helland, P. Larrivée
Acquisition of relative is subject to the Accessibility Hierarchy developed by Keenan and Comrie (1977), and should not be subject to mother tongue transfer effects, even if these are documented. The tension between transfer and hierarchy is therefore explored on the basis of the acquisition of French relatives by Norwegian learners. These are interesting because Norwegian has a different relative system from French, and Norwegian speakers are generally multilingual, multiplying the sources of transfer. The guided and free productions of beginner and intermediate Norwegian learners make it possible to establish not only the error rate, but also the position of the erroneous relative on the accessibility hierarchy. However, the relatives used incorrectly are not necessarily more accessible in the hierarchy than the relative which should be used. There are nonetheless potential interfering effects from the animacy value of the antecedent.
{"title":"Regard sur quelques facteurs de sélection des subordonnants relatifs du français par des apprenants norvégiens","authors":"Nelly Foucher Stenkløv, Hans Petter Helland, P. Larrivée","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Acquisition of relative is subject to the Accessibility Hierarchy developed by Keenan and Comrie (1977), and should not be subject to mother tongue transfer effects, even if these are documented. The tension between transfer and hierarchy is therefore explored on the basis of the acquisition of French relatives by Norwegian learners. These are interesting because Norwegian has a different relative system from French, and Norwegian speakers are generally multilingual, multiplying the sources of transfer. The guided and free productions of beginner and intermediate Norwegian learners make it possible to establish not only the error rate, but also the position of the erroneous relative on the accessibility hierarchy. However, the relatives used incorrectly are not necessarily more accessible in the hierarchy than the relative which should be used. There are nonetheless potential interfering effects from the animacy value of the antecedent.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49475311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301002
Grigory Agabalian
This article addresses the nominal use of the suffix -isme in French, as in the sentence “êtes-vous la victime d’un isme?” (“are you the victim of an ism?”). Using data from a media corpus, first I observe that there are occurrences where the suffix -isme is indeed a noun with a referential meaning (i.e. referring to extralinguistic objects), refering to doctrines, movements, religions or attitudes. Then, I observe that the suffix -isme is associated with axiologically negative realities (especially conflict) in its nominal use. From this information, I try to answer two questions: what is isme the name of and how to describe the negative assessment associated to it?
这篇文章讨论了后缀-isme在法语中的名义用法，如“êtes vous la victime d‘un isme？”（“你是一种主义的受害者吗？”）。使用媒体语料库中的数据，首先我观察到，有时后缀-isme确实是一个具有指称意义的名词（即指语言外对象），指的是教义、运动、宗教或态度。然后，我观察到后缀-isme在其名义使用中与价值论上的负面现实（尤其是冲突）有关。从这些信息中，我试图回答两个问题：它的名字是什么，以及如何描述与之相关的负面评估？
{"title":"« Etes-vous la victime d’un “isme”? »: emploi nominal et référentiel du suffixe –isme","authors":"Grigory Agabalian","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article addresses the nominal use of the suffix -isme in French, as in the sentence “êtes-vous la victime d’un isme?” (“are you the victim of an ism?”). Using data from a media corpus, first I observe that there are occurrences where the suffix -isme is indeed a noun with a referential meaning (i.e. referring to extralinguistic objects), refering to doctrines, movements, religions or attitudes. Then, I observe that the suffix -isme is associated with axiologically negative realities (especially conflict) in its nominal use. From this information, I try to answer two questions: what is isme the name of and how to describe the negative assessment associated to it?","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49084250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05301000
{"title":"Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05301000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135602866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05202010
N. Quint
Koalib (Kordofanian, Central Sudan) and Djifanghor Nyun (Atlantic, Senegal) are two Niger-Congo languages, both of which exhibit rich noun class systems controlling various morphological concord patterns. In this paper, I will study in turn the main characteristics of each of these class systems by taking into account the following criteria: form of the class markers, agreement targets, interaction with number, semantics, class derivation, exceptions and integration of loanwords. I will then discuss the interest and significance of this comparison, bearing in mind the fact that the inclusion of both Nyun and Koalib into the Niger-Congo language family is largely due to the existence of these class systems.
{"title":"Classes nominales dans deux langues Niger-Congo : le baïnouck djifanghorois (atlantique) et le koalib (kordofanien)","authors":"N. Quint","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05202010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05202010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Koalib (Kordofanian, Central Sudan) and Djifanghor Nyun (Atlantic, Senegal) are two Niger-Congo languages, both of which exhibit rich noun class systems controlling various morphological concord patterns. In this paper, I will study in turn the main characteristics of each of these class systems by taking into account the following criteria: form of the class markers, agreement targets, interaction with number, semantics, class derivation, exceptions and integration of loanwords. I will then discuss the interest and significance of this comparison, bearing in mind the fact that the inclusion of both Nyun and Koalib into the Niger-Congo language family is largely due to the existence of these class systems.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46126113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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