Henrik Ahvenjärvi, Ida Lund, Anne M. Portaankorva, Johanna Krüger, Mervi Ryytty
Objectives
The objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities at the time of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis in a Finnish cross-sectional cohort and to analyze whether comorbidities at diagnosis associate with clinical characteristics, treatment delays, initial disease-modifying treatment (DMT) choice, DMT persistence, and disease activity.
Methods
Patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were recruited during their appointments at the neurology outpatient clinic of the Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between the years 2018 and 2022. The data was gathered from the hospital medical records.
Results
The study cohort consisted of 421 Finnish RRMS patients, of whom 51.8% had at least one or more comorbidity at the time of MS diagnosis. Depression (16.2%) and migraine (11.6%) were the most common comorbidities. Medium-efficacy injectable DMTs (interferon-β and glatiramer acetate) were associated with lower treatment persistence in patients with any comorbidity or psychiatric comorbidity during the 4-year follow-up. Among patients with psychiatric comorbidity, the rate of DMT discontinuation was high shortly after the DMT initiation, and the annualized relapse rate at the start of the DMT was higher compared with those without psychiatric comorbidity (1.3 [SD 0.78] vs. 1.1 [SD 0.74], p = 0.026).
Conclusion
Comorbidities, especially psychiatric diseases, are associated with lower persistence on injectable DMTs. As comorbidities complicate the treatment of RRMS, it is crucial to identify their role from early on.
目的：目的是评估芬兰横断面队列中多发性硬化症（MS）诊断时合并症的患病率，并分析诊断时合并症是否与临床特征、治疗延迟、初始疾病改善治疗（DMT）选择、DMT持续时间和疾病活动性有关。方法：2018年至2022年间，在芬兰奥卢大学医院神经内科门诊就诊期间招募复发-缓解型MS （RRMS）患者。数据是从医院的医疗记录中收集的。结果：研究队列包括421名芬兰RRMS患者，其中51.8%在MS诊断时至少有一种或多种合并症。抑郁症（16.2%）和偏头痛（11.6%）是最常见的合并症。在4年随访期间，中等疗效的注射dmt（干扰素-β和醋酸格拉替默）与有任何合并症或精神合并症的患者较低的治疗持久性相关。在有精神合并症的患者中，DMT开始后不久的停药率较高，DMT开始时的年化复发率高于无精神合并症的患者（1.3 [SD 0.78]比1.1 [SD 0.74], p = 0.026）。结论：合并症，尤其是精神疾病，与注射dmt持续时间较短有关。由于合并症使RRMS的治疗复杂化，从早期确定它们的作用至关重要。
{"title":"Comorbidities at MS Diagnosis and Their Association With Treatment Persistence: Real-World Clinical Data","authors":"Henrik Ahvenjärvi, Ida Lund, Anne M. Portaankorva, Johanna Krüger, Mervi Ryytty","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71253","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71253","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities at the time of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis in a Finnish cross-sectional cohort and to analyze whether comorbidities at diagnosis associate with clinical characteristics, treatment delays, initial disease-modifying treatment (DMT) choice, DMT persistence, and disease activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were recruited during their appointments at the neurology outpatient clinic of the Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between the years 2018 and 2022. The data was gathered from the hospital medical records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study cohort consisted of 421 Finnish RRMS patients, of whom 51.8% had at least one or more comorbidity at the time of MS diagnosis. Depression (16.2%) and migraine (11.6%) were the most common comorbidities. Medium-efficacy injectable DMTs (interferon-β and glatiramer acetate) were associated with lower treatment persistence in patients with any comorbidity or psychiatric comorbidity during the 4-year follow-up. Among patients with psychiatric comorbidity, the rate of DMT discontinuation was high shortly after the DMT initiation, and the annualized relapse rate at the start of the DMT was higher compared with those without psychiatric comorbidity (1.3 [SD 0.78] vs. 1.1 [SD 0.74], <i>p</i> = 0.026).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comorbidities, especially psychiatric diseases, are associated with lower persistence on injectable DMTs. As comorbidities complicate the treatment of RRMS, it is crucial to identify their role from early on.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have shown that high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) devices allow us to accurately measure peripheral nerves in newborns. In consideration of these developments, this study aimed to analyze the structure and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve in children with SMA and evaluate the usefulness and reproducibility of HRUS imaging for the monitoring of peripheral nerves in these children.
Methods
A total of 12 participants aged 1–15 years with SMA were included in this repeated cross-sectional study. In addition, 97 normally developing children aged 2 days to 17 years were included as controls. Using HRUS devices, the structure and CSA of the median nerve were determined at three sites (wrist, forearm, and above the elbow). The measured CSA and nerve structure were compared between the groups.
Results
The CSA of the median nerve was smaller in the children with SMA than in the controls. Compared to the controls, SMA children had a mean CSA ranging from 0.70 to 1.02 mm2 smaller while adjusting for age. Similar to normally developing children, the increase in CSA with age in children with SMA can be described using a logarithmic curve. Furthermore, ultrasonographic examination indicated a loss of the fascicular structure of the nerves, which, together with muscle atrophy, led to an altered sonographic appearance and more difficult visualization.
Conclusion
HRUS is a useful method for monitoring nerve growth in children with SMA.
{"title":"Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A High-Resolution Ultrasonographic Study","authors":"Janina Wurster, Erin West, Sandro Meier, Noé Phillip Bürke, Lynn Jansen, Philip Julian Broser","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71234","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies have shown that high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) devices allow us to accurately measure peripheral nerves in newborns. In consideration of these developments, this study aimed to analyze the structure and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve in children with SMA and evaluate the usefulness and reproducibility of HRUS imaging for the monitoring of peripheral nerves in these children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 12 participants aged 1–15 years with SMA were included in this repeated cross-sectional study. In addition, 97 normally developing children aged 2 days to 17 years were included as controls. Using HRUS devices, the structure and CSA of the median nerve were determined at three sites (wrist, forearm, and above the elbow). The measured CSA and nerve structure were compared between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CSA of the median nerve was smaller in the children with SMA than in the controls. Compared to the controls, SMA children had a mean CSA ranging from 0.70 to 1.02 mm<sup>2</sup> smaller while adjusting for age. Similar to normally developing children, the increase in CSA with age in children with SMA can be described using a logarithmic curve. Furthermore, ultrasonographic examination indicated a loss of the fascicular structure of the nerves, which, together with muscle atrophy, led to an altered sonographic appearance and more difficult visualization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HRUS is a useful method for monitoring nerve growth in children with SMA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is prevalent in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), calculated as the fasting blood glucose (FBG)/glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio, has been widely used to evaluate SH. However, the correlation between SHR and clinical outcomes in AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) following endovascular treatment (EVT, including mechanical thrombectomy, contact aspiration, intra-arterial thrombolysis, excluding intravenous thrombolysis) remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between SHR and clinical outcomes in EVT-treated AIS patients with LVO.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to identify studies investigating the association between SHR and clinical outcomes. The entire study was executed in strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. References were screened based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was rigorously applied to assess potential bias risks in the selected studies. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for performing meta-analyses on the included literature.
Results:
A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 3646 AIS patients who underwent EVT were included in this analysis. The meta-analysis results demonstrated a higher SHR was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3–6) at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30–3.06, p < 0.001), mortality (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.81–3.79, p < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.85, p < 0.001), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27–3.30, p < 0.003) after EVT.
Conclusion
A higher SHR may increase the occurrence of poor outcomes, mortality, ICH, and sICH in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT. SHR is associated with poor prognosis in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT.
背景与目的：应激性高血糖症（SH）在急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者中普遍存在。应激性高血糖比（SHR），即空腹血糖(FBG)/糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）比值，已被广泛用于评估SH。然而，SHR与AIS大血管闭塞（LVO）患者血管内治疗（EVT，包括机械取栓、接触抽吸、动脉内溶栓，不包括静脉溶栓）后临床结局之间的相关性尚不清楚。本研究旨在进行荟萃分析，以调查evt治疗的AIS合并LVO患者SHR与临床结果之间的关系。方法：在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane Library等多个数据库中进行全面的文献检索，以确定调查SHR与临床结果之间关系的研究。整个研究严格遵守系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目。根据预先指定的纳入和排除标准筛选参考文献，并严格应用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）评估所选研究的潜在偏倚风险。采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果：共有10项研究符合纳入标准，3646例接受EVT的AIS患者被纳入本分析。meta分析结果显示，较高的SHR与EVT后90天不良结局（改良Rankin量表[mRS] 3-6）（优势比[OR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30-3.06, p < 0.001）、死亡率（OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.81-3.79, p < 0.001）、颅内出血（OR = 1.53, 95%置信区间[CI]: 1.27-1.85, p < 0.001）、症状性颅内出血（OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27-3.30, p < 0.003）的风险增加相关。结论：较高的SHR可能增加EVT后LVO致AIS患者不良预后、死亡率、脑出血和脑出血的发生率。SHR与EVT后LVO引起的AIS患者预后不良相关。
{"title":"Association of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio and Prognosis After Endovascular Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Jiayu You, Qianshuo Liu, Xingqiang Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is prevalent in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), calculated as the fasting blood glucose (FBG)/glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio, has been widely used to evaluate SH. However, the correlation between SHR and clinical outcomes in AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) following endovascular treatment (EVT, including mechanical thrombectomy, contact aspiration, intra-arterial thrombolysis, excluding intravenous thrombolysis) remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between SHR and clinical outcomes in EVT-treated AIS patients with LVO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to identify studies investigating the association between SHR and clinical outcomes. The entire study was executed in strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. References were screened based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was rigorously applied to assess potential bias risks in the selected studies. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for performing meta-analyses on the included literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 3646 AIS patients who underwent EVT were included in this analysis. The meta-analysis results demonstrated a higher SHR was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3–6) at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30–3.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001), mortality (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.81–3.79, <i>p</i> < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27–3.30, <i>p</i> < 0.003) after EVT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A higher SHR may increase the occurrence of poor outcomes, mortality, ICH, and sICH in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT. SHR is associated with poor prognosis in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in neural plasticity crucially modulate functional recovery after central nerve injury. To describe morphological peripheral nerve injury-related changes, we comprehensively elucidated post-sciatic nerve transection (post-SNT) plasticity changes in the lumbar spinal corticospinal tract (CST), motor neurons, and cholinergic interneurons (CINs).
Methods
In a rat SNT model, we compared post-SNT changes in lumbar spinal cord plasticity at 2, 4, and 6 weeks with those in the Sham group. Using neural tracers and immunohistochemistry, we labeled and analyzed the CST axonal number and volume, motor neuron cell-body volume and synaptic inputs, and cholinergic interneuron (CIN) (medial and lateral, based on the distance from the central canal) number and synaptic inputs.
Results
Compared to the Sham group, the SNT groups showed no significant post-SNT changes in CST axonal number and volume. Motor neuron cell-body volume decreased by 29% at 6 weeks post-SNT, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAchT) synaptic inputs decreased by 82–93% and 27–42%, respectively, from 2 weeks post-SNT onward. From 2 weeks post-SNT onward, cell numbers were maintained, although vGlut1 synaptic inputs increased by 98%–68% in lateral CINs. At 6 weeks post-SNT, a 44% reduction in cell numbers and a simultaneous 107% increase in vGlut1 synaptic inputs were noted in medial CINs.
Conclusion
Following SNT, although CST axonal numbers remained unchanged, plasticity changes were observed in motor neurons and in CINs. CINs exhibited distinct plasticity changes depending on their localization.
{"title":"Changes in Spinal Neural Circuit Plasticity in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Transection Model","authors":"Katsuyuki Konishi, Toru Iwahashi, Taisuke Kasuya, Toshiki Shimada, Yoshiaki Yoshimura, Atsushi Kamata, Mai Konishi, Mingyuan Wang, Arisa Kazui, Ryoya Shiode, Satoshi Miyamura, Kunihiro Oka, Seiji Okada, Hiroyuki Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71256","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71256","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in neural plasticity crucially modulate functional recovery after central nerve injury. To describe morphological peripheral nerve injury-related changes, we comprehensively elucidated post-sciatic nerve transection (post-SNT) plasticity changes in the lumbar spinal corticospinal tract (CST), motor neurons, and cholinergic interneurons (CINs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a rat SNT model, we compared post-SNT changes in lumbar spinal cord plasticity at 2, 4, and 6 weeks with those in the Sham group. Using neural tracers and immunohistochemistry, we labeled and analyzed the CST axonal number and volume, motor neuron cell-body volume and synaptic inputs, and cholinergic interneuron (CIN) (medial and lateral, based on the distance from the central canal) number and synaptic inputs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the Sham group, the SNT groups showed no significant post-SNT changes in CST axonal number and volume. Motor neuron cell-body volume decreased by 29% at 6 weeks post-SNT, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAchT) synaptic inputs decreased by 82–93% and 27–42%, respectively, from 2 weeks post-SNT onward. From 2 weeks post-SNT onward, cell numbers were maintained, although vGlut1 synaptic inputs increased by 98%–68% in lateral CINs. At 6 weeks post-SNT, a 44% reduction in cell numbers and a simultaneous 107% increase in vGlut1 synaptic inputs were noted in medial CINs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following SNT, although CST axonal numbers remained unchanged, plasticity changes were observed in motor neurons and in CINs. CINs exhibited distinct plasticity changes depending on their localization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disturbances. This study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, sarcopenia, and physical activity (PA) levels in HD patients.
Methods
A 1-year observational study was conducted with symptomatic, ambulatory HD patients, assessed at baseline and after 12 months. PA was monitored using a Fitbit Charge 4 activity tracker, and sarcopenia was determined through assessments of muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance. Participants were classified into two clusters based on age, motor (Unified HD Rating Scale), and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination).
Results
We included 33 subjects with HD, mean age 53 (40–60) years, 45.5% males, median TFC 9.5 (7–13). At baseline, Cluster 1 had better motor function, functional capacity, and less apathy with a positive trend for higher PA, compared with Cluster 2, which had a negative trend for decreased PA over time (p = 0.006). After 1 year, Cluster 1 showed a decrease in PA (p = 0.035), similar to Cluster 2. At baseline, 53% of participants in Cluster 2 presented probable or confirmed sarcopenia, compared with 13% in Cluster 1. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in muscle strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and SPPB scores, with higher values in Cluster 1.
Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest that a reduction in PA using wearable technology may be a potential early indicator of functional changes in HD. Identifying when PA reduction begins can help determine the timing of interventions aimed at delaying disease progression.
{"title":"Decreased Physical Activity as an Early Digital Biomarker in Huntington's Disease: A One-Year Observational Study","authors":"Lucía Simón-Vicente, Sara Calvo, Natividad Mariscal, Ignacio Muñoz-Siscart, Dolores Diaz-Piñeiro, Jéssica Rivadeneyra, Esther Cubo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disturbances. This study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, sarcopenia, and physical activity (PA) levels in HD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 1-year observational study was conducted with symptomatic, ambulatory HD patients, assessed at baseline and after 12 months. PA was monitored using a Fitbit Charge 4 activity tracker, and sarcopenia was determined through assessments of muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance. Participants were classified into two clusters based on age, motor (Unified HD Rating Scale), and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 33 subjects with HD, mean age 53 (40–60) years, 45.5% males, median TFC 9.5 (7–13). At baseline, Cluster 1 had better motor function, functional capacity, and less apathy with a positive trend for higher PA, compared with Cluster 2, which had a negative trend for decreased PA over time (<i>p</i> = 0.006). After 1 year, Cluster 1 showed a decrease in PA (<i>p</i> = 0.035), similar to Cluster 2. At baseline, 53% of participants in Cluster 2 presented probable or confirmed sarcopenia, compared with 13% in Cluster 1. Significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed in muscle strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and SPPB scores, with higher values in Cluster 1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These preliminary findings suggest that a reduction in PA using wearable technology may be a potential early indicator of functional changes in HD. Identifying when PA reduction begins can help determine the timing of interventions aimed at delaying disease progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva Fernández-Baró, Jesús Seco-Calvo, María Mercedes Reguera-García, Ignacio Diez-Vega
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the postural control of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) according to their level of executive function, considering different visual and postural conditions and center of pressure (COP) measures.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: The participants were users of sheltered housing services and day centers.
Participants: 45 adults with ID.
Interventions: Not Applicable.
Outcome measures: The data collected included COP measures under various visual and postural conditions, as well as executive function measures in tests of cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Differences in postural control were observed according to the level of executive function and between the closed-base, eyes-open condition (CBEO) and the open-base, eyes-open (OBEO) and open-base, eyes-closed (OBEC) conditions (p < 0.01; η2p > 0.14).
Conclusion: Individuals with ID who exhibited lower executive function performance showed larger anteroposterior and mediolateral displacements, as well as increased COP area and velocity.
目的：在不同的视觉、体位条件和压力中心（COP）测量条件下，比较不同执行功能水平的智障个体的体位控制。设计：横断面研究。环境：参与者是庇护住房服务和日间中心的使用者。参与者：45名有身份证的成年人。干预措施：不适用。结果测量：收集的数据包括在各种视觉和姿势条件下的COP测量，以及在认知灵活性、工作记忆和抑制控制测试中的执行功能测量。采用混合方差分析（ANOVA）对数据进行分析。结果：按执行功能水平、闭眼睁眼组（CBEO）与闭眼睁眼组（OBEO）、闭眼睁眼组（OBEC）体位控制差异有统计学意义（p < 0.01; η2 p > 0.14）。结论：执行功能表现较差的ID个体表现出较大的前后位和中外侧移位，COP面积和速度增加。
{"title":"Postural Control and Executive Functions in Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Eva Fernández-Baró, Jesús Seco-Calvo, María Mercedes Reguera-García, Ignacio Diez-Vega","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71263","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the postural control of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) according to their level of executive function, considering different visual and postural conditions and center of pressure (COP) measures.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The participants were users of sheltered housing services and day centers.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>45 adults with ID.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Not Applicable.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>The data collected included COP measures under various visual and postural conditions, as well as executive function measures in tests of cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences in postural control were observed according to the level of executive function and between the closed-base, eyes-open condition (CBEO) and the open-base, eyes-open (OBEO) and open-base, eyes-closed (OBEC) conditions (p < 0.01; η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub> > 0.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with ID who exhibited lower executive function performance showed larger anteroposterior and mediolateral displacements, as well as increased COP area and velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Al Qadire, Hanan Abdelrahman, Alaa Alanazi, Rama Al Qadire, Omar Al Omari
Introduction: Family caregivers of cancer survivors face significant psychological challenges, yet their experiences are less studied compared to caregivers of patients undergoing treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess levels of anxiety, depression, and caregiver burden among family caregivers of cancer survivors and to examine the factors associated with these psychological outcomes.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 324 family caregivers recruited from three oncology clinics in Oman.
Results: The mean age of participants was 39.0 years (SD = 11.5), with most being male (62.7%) and employed (54.3%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression among caregivers was 28.4% and 26.2%, respectively. Higher caregiving burden scores were strongly associated with increased odds of anxiety (OR = 1.06, p = 0.002) and depression (OR = 1.04, p = 0.047). Male caregivers and rural residents reported higher anxiety levels, while unmarried caregivers were at greater risk for depression.
Conclusions: Family caregivers of cancer survivors experience significant psychological distress, particularly those with higher caregiving burden or vulnerable sociodemographic characteristics. These findings underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions such as psychoeducation, emotional support, and access to mental health services to reduce caregiver distress. Addressing their needs is critical to sustaining effective caregiving roles.
导读：癌症幸存者的家庭照顾者面临着重大的心理挑战，但与接受治疗的患者的照顾者相比，他们的经历较少被研究。因此，本研究的目的是评估癌症幸存者的家庭照顾者的焦虑、抑郁和照顾者负担水平，并检查与这些心理结果相关的因素。材料和方法：在阿曼三家肿瘤诊所招募的324名家庭护理人员中进行了横断面调查。结果：参与者的平均年龄为39.0岁（SD = 11.5），以男性（62.7%）和在职（54.3%）居多。照顾者中焦虑和抑郁的患病率分别为28.4%和26.2%。较高的照顾负担得分与焦虑（OR = 1.06, p = 0.002）和抑郁（OR = 1.04, p = 0.047）的几率增加密切相关。男性看护者和农村居民的焦虑水平更高，而未婚看护者患抑郁症的风险更大。结论：癌症幸存者的家庭照顾者经历了显著的心理困扰，特别是那些照顾负担较高或社会人口特征脆弱的家庭。这些发现强调需要有针对性的精神卫生干预措施，如心理教育、情感支持和获得精神卫生服务，以减少照顾者的痛苦。满足他们的需求对于维持有效的护理作用至关重要。
{"title":"Anxiety, Depression, and Caregiver Burden Among Family Caregivers of Cancer Survivors.","authors":"Mohammad Al Qadire, Hanan Abdelrahman, Alaa Alanazi, Rama Al Qadire, Omar Al Omari","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Family caregivers of cancer survivors face significant psychological challenges, yet their experiences are less studied compared to caregivers of patients undergoing treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess levels of anxiety, depression, and caregiver burden among family caregivers of cancer survivors and to examine the factors associated with these psychological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 324 family caregivers recruited from three oncology clinics in Oman.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 39.0 years (SD = 11.5), with most being male (62.7%) and employed (54.3%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression among caregivers was 28.4% and 26.2%, respectively. Higher caregiving burden scores were strongly associated with increased odds of anxiety (OR = 1.06, p = 0.002) and depression (OR = 1.04, p = 0.047). Male caregivers and rural residents reported higher anxiety levels, while unmarried caregivers were at greater risk for depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Family caregivers of cancer survivors experience significant psychological distress, particularly those with higher caregiving burden or vulnerable sociodemographic characteristics. These findings underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions such as psychoeducation, emotional support, and access to mental health services to reduce caregiver distress. Addressing their needs is critical to sustaining effective caregiving roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delia Ciobotaru, Vu Nguyen, Alejandro Pérez, Zoe E Clothier, Ines R Violante, Mark Cropley, Roi Cohen Kadosh
Introduction: Work-related rumination is associated with poor mental and physical health. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a personalized Bayesian optimization (pBO) algorithm, designed to tailor transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) parameters for UK schoolteachers experiencing elevated work-related rumination.
Methods: The algorithm adjusted tACS parameters based on individual head circumference and rumination levels. During the development phase, 80 burn-in and 319 personalized home-based sessions were conducted with 67 schoolteachers to model parameter-outcome relationships. In a preregistered, double-blind, within-participant follow-up study, 38 schoolteachers received both personalized and sham stimulation sessions in a counterbalanced order. Measures included work-related rumination, daytime sleepiness, actigraphy-based sleep fragmentation and efficiency, and side-effect ratings.
Results: In the algorithm development phase, higher-amplitude stimulation was associated with reduced sleep fragmentation. In the follow-up study, both personalized and sham stimulation reduced rumination, but no significant differences were observed between conditions. Higher amplitudes were associated with greater reductions in daytime sleepiness. Post-stimulation changes in sleepiness and ruminations were associated only at higher amplitudes in the personalized condition and were not observed following sham stimulation. Side-effect severity did not differ significantly between conditions.
Conclusions: Home-based neurostimulation interventions are feasible and well tolerated. While personalized stimulation did not outperform sham, the findings identify current amplitude as a key factor influencing daytime sleepiness and highlight the need to further refine personalization algorithms and stimulation strategies to optimize effectiveness.
{"title":"Feasibility and Effectiveness of Personalized Home-Based Neurostimulation for Teachers Experiencing Work-Related Rumination.","authors":"Delia Ciobotaru, Vu Nguyen, Alejandro Pérez, Zoe E Clothier, Ines R Violante, Mark Cropley, Roi Cohen Kadosh","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71264","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Work-related rumination is associated with poor mental and physical health. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a personalized Bayesian optimization (pBO) algorithm, designed to tailor transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) parameters for UK schoolteachers experiencing elevated work-related rumination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The algorithm adjusted tACS parameters based on individual head circumference and rumination levels. During the development phase, 80 burn-in and 319 personalized home-based sessions were conducted with 67 schoolteachers to model parameter-outcome relationships. In a preregistered, double-blind, within-participant follow-up study, 38 schoolteachers received both personalized and sham stimulation sessions in a counterbalanced order. Measures included work-related rumination, daytime sleepiness, actigraphy-based sleep fragmentation and efficiency, and side-effect ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the algorithm development phase, higher-amplitude stimulation was associated with reduced sleep fragmentation. In the follow-up study, both personalized and sham stimulation reduced rumination, but no significant differences were observed between conditions. Higher amplitudes were associated with greater reductions in daytime sleepiness. Post-stimulation changes in sleepiness and ruminations were associated only at higher amplitudes in the personalized condition and were not observed following sham stimulation. Side-effect severity did not differ significantly between conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Home-based neurostimulation interventions are feasible and well tolerated. While personalized stimulation did not outperform sham, the findings identify current amplitude as a key factor influencing daytime sleepiness and highlight the need to further refine personalization algorithms and stimulation strategies to optimize effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growing evidence suggests that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders may share common genetic underpinnings, yet the precise etiological relationship remains unclear. Psychiatric comorbidities affect approximately 30% of individuals with epilepsy, a rate markedly higher than in the general population, with depression (∼23%) and anxiety (∼20%) being the most prevalent. This high comorbidity burden not only worsens prognosis but also complicates management, underscoring the need for genetic insights into their relationship. To address this gap, we aimed to systematically evaluate the genetic correlation, pleiotropy, and potential causal associations between epilepsy and 14 major psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed N million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of epilepsy and 14 psychiatric disorders. These GWAS data were obtained from large international consortia, primarily comprising individuals of European ancestry. First, we assessed the genetic correlation between epilepsy and 14 psychiatric disorders using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC). Second, we used Pleiotropic Analysis under the Composite Null Hypothesis (PLACO) to identify pleiotropic loci at the SNP level. Summary genotype-phenotype association statistics were used, excluding SNPs with extreme Z<sup>2</sup> values (>80), and testing for pleiotropy with the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method. For gene-level pleiotropy, we conducted genome annotation multi-marker analysis (MAGMA v.1.07b). This analysis aggregated SNP-level associations into gene-level signals, focusing on 18,563 protein-coding genes on autosomes. Gene positions were obtained from the Ensembl build (GRCh37) and 1000G EUR data. Functional mapping and annotation of pleiotropic loci were performed using Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA). Finally, the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to investigate causal correlations between epilepsy and 14 psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a significant genetic link between epilepsy and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.252, P < 0.001), between epilepsy and schizophrenia (SCZ) (r<sub>g</sub> = -0.060, p = 0.003), and between epilepsy and major depressive disorder (MDD) (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.167, p = 0.014). The genetic correlation between epilepsy and ADHD, epilepsy, and SCZ passed the Bonferroni correction (0.05/14 = 0.0035). Nine shared genetic loci and six pleiotropic genes, including SCN1A, PGBD1, ZKSCAN3, ZKSCAN4, VRK2, and ZSCAN23, have been identified between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, these loci and genes mainly involve the MAPK signaling pathway. MR analysis showed ADHD (OR = 1.097, 95% CI: 1.019-1.180, p = 0.014) and MDD (OR = 1.277, 95% CI 1.114-1.463, p = 0.000) are the risk factors for epilepsy. BIP is the protecti
背景：越来越多的证据表明癫痫和精神疾病可能具有共同的遗传基础，但确切的病因关系尚不清楚。精神病共病影响约30%的癫痫患者，这一比例明显高于一般人群，其中抑郁（约23%）和焦虑（约20%）最为普遍。这种高合并症负担不仅使预后恶化，而且使管理复杂化，强调需要对它们之间的关系进行遗传见解。为了弥补这一空白，我们旨在系统地评估癫痫与14种主要精神疾病之间的遗传相关性、多效性和潜在因果关系。方法：对癫痫和14种精神疾病的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）汇总统计的N万个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）进行分析。这些GWAS数据来自大型国际财团，主要由欧洲血统的个体组成。首先，我们使用连锁不平衡评分回归（LDSC）评估癫痫与14种精神疾病之间的遗传相关性。其次，我们使用复合零假设（PLACO）下的多效性分析来识别SNP水平上的多效位点。采用综合基因型-表型关联统计，排除极端Z2值（>80）的snp，并采用反方差加权（IVW）方法检验多效性。对于基因水平的多效性，我们进行了基因组注释多标记分析（MAGMA v.1.07b）。该分析将snp水平的关联聚合为基因水平的信号，重点关注常染色体上的18563个蛋白质编码基因。基因位置从Ensembl构建（GRCh37）和1000G EUR数据中获得。使用功能映射和注释（Functional mapping and annotation, fua）对多效位点进行功能映射和注释。最后，采用双向孟德尔随机化（MR）方法探讨癫痫与14种精神疾病之间的因果关系。结果：我们发现癫痫与注意缺陷和多动障碍（ADHD） （rg = 0.252, P < 0.001）、癫痫与精神分裂症（SCZ） （rg = -0.060, P = 0.003）、癫痫与重度抑郁症（MDD） （rg = 0.167, P = 0.014）之间存在显著的遗传联系。癫痫与ADHD、癫痫、SCZ的遗传相关性通过Bonferroni修正（0.05/14 = 0.0035）。在癫痫和精神疾病之间已发现9个共有基因位点和6个多性基因，包括SCN1A、PGBD1、ZKSCAN3、ZKSCAN4、VRK2和ZSCAN23。此外，这些位点和基因主要涉及MAPK信号通路。MR分析显示ADHD （OR = 1.097, 95% CI: 1.019 ~ 1.180, p = 0.014）和MDD （OR = 1.277, 95% CI 1.114 ~ 1.463, p = 0.000）是癫痫的危险因素。BIP是预防癫痫的保护因子（OR = 0.930, 95% CI: 0.878-0.986, p = 0.014）。MDD与癫痫的因果关系通过Bonferroni修正（0.05/14 = 0.0035）。结论：SCZ、ADHD、MDD和癫痫可能具有共同的病因。这些病因可能与精确的分子机制有关，导致病理生理和临床特征重叠。这些发现可能为治疗试验提供见解。
{"title":"Shared Genetic Basis and Causality Between Epilepsy and Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence From a Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.","authors":"Xia Feng, Huan Yao, Gui Xiao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growing evidence suggests that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders may share common genetic underpinnings, yet the precise etiological relationship remains unclear. Psychiatric comorbidities affect approximately 30% of individuals with epilepsy, a rate markedly higher than in the general population, with depression (∼23%) and anxiety (∼20%) being the most prevalent. This high comorbidity burden not only worsens prognosis but also complicates management, underscoring the need for genetic insights into their relationship. To address this gap, we aimed to systematically evaluate the genetic correlation, pleiotropy, and potential causal associations between epilepsy and 14 major psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed N million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of epilepsy and 14 psychiatric disorders. These GWAS data were obtained from large international consortia, primarily comprising individuals of European ancestry. First, we assessed the genetic correlation between epilepsy and 14 psychiatric disorders using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC). Second, we used Pleiotropic Analysis under the Composite Null Hypothesis (PLACO) to identify pleiotropic loci at the SNP level. Summary genotype-phenotype association statistics were used, excluding SNPs with extreme Z<sup>2</sup> values (>80), and testing for pleiotropy with the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method. For gene-level pleiotropy, we conducted genome annotation multi-marker analysis (MAGMA v.1.07b). This analysis aggregated SNP-level associations into gene-level signals, focusing on 18,563 protein-coding genes on autosomes. Gene positions were obtained from the Ensembl build (GRCh37) and 1000G EUR data. Functional mapping and annotation of pleiotropic loci were performed using Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA). Finally, the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to investigate causal correlations between epilepsy and 14 psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a significant genetic link between epilepsy and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.252, P < 0.001), between epilepsy and schizophrenia (SCZ) (r<sub>g</sub> = -0.060, p = 0.003), and between epilepsy and major depressive disorder (MDD) (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.167, p = 0.014). The genetic correlation between epilepsy and ADHD, epilepsy, and SCZ passed the Bonferroni correction (0.05/14 = 0.0035). Nine shared genetic loci and six pleiotropic genes, including SCN1A, PGBD1, ZKSCAN3, ZKSCAN4, VRK2, and ZSCAN23, have been identified between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, these loci and genes mainly involve the MAPK signaling pathway. MR analysis showed ADHD (OR = 1.097, 95% CI: 1.019-1.180, p = 0.014) and MDD (OR = 1.277, 95% CI 1.114-1.463, p = 0.000) are the risk factors for epilepsy. BIP is the protecti","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Li, Yang Hu, Lan Wang, Zhihui Dong, Can Liu, Jianwei Xu, Xuxian Wu, Hailiang Song
<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of miR-9-5p-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) in neonatal rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh neonatal umbilical cords were collected to isolate and culture human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs). Recombinant adenovirus was used to amplify miR-9-5p and transduce hUC-MSCs, generating miR-9-5p-overexpressing cells. Functional assessments included: ELISA to evaluate secretory function (e.g., neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors), real-time cell analysis to measure proliferation capacity, Transwell and Dunn chamber assays to assess chemotactic migration ability. Healthy 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12/group, with 4 rats per group assigned to TTC staining, Western blot, or Morris water maze assay, respectively): Sham-operated control group (mock surgery), Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model group, miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs treatment group, and Adenovirus-transduced hUC-MSCs (Ad-hUC-MSCs) treatment group. The HIBD model was induced in groups 2-4. At 24 h post-modeling, 1×10<sup>6</sup> miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs or Ad-hUC-MSCs were transplanted into the left lateral ventricle (injured side) of the pups. Neurological function was evaluated 48 h later using righting reflex tests for short-term neurobehavioral assessment. Subsequently, 4 rats per group were sacrificed for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to quantify cerebral infarction volume. Hippocampal tissues from another 4 rats per group were analyzed by Western blot for Beclin-2 and Caspase-3 protein expression. The remaining 4 rats per group underwent 28-day Morris water maze testing for long-term neurobehavioral evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spindle-shaped and polygonal adherent cells emerged within 3-5 days following umbilical cord tissue block inoculation, with flow cytometric analysis confirming their identity as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Compared to the Ad-hUC-MSCs treatment group, miR-9-5p enhanced the secretion of neuroreparative and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., NGF, BDNF, IL-6) in hUC-MSCs while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-2) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-9-5p significantly promoted hUC-MSCs proliferation and augmented the chemotactic migratory capacity of miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs. At 48 h post-transplantation in the miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs group, the sham-operated controls showed no detectable cerebral infarction, whereas the model group exhibited distinct pale infarct foci occupying 33.15% ± 4.38% of total brain volume (vs. controls, p < 0.05), indicating severe cerebral injury. Both miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs and Ad-hUC-MSCs treatments markedly reduced infarct volumes to 14.85% ± 2.79% and 19.11% ± 4.57%, respectively, with the miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs group demonstrating a statistically superior therape
{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Loaded With miR-9-5p on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats.","authors":"Bin Li, Yang Hu, Lan Wang, Zhihui Dong, Can Liu, Jianwei Xu, Xuxian Wu, Hailiang Song","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of miR-9-5p-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) in neonatal rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh neonatal umbilical cords were collected to isolate and culture human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs). Recombinant adenovirus was used to amplify miR-9-5p and transduce hUC-MSCs, generating miR-9-5p-overexpressing cells. Functional assessments included: ELISA to evaluate secretory function (e.g., neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors), real-time cell analysis to measure proliferation capacity, Transwell and Dunn chamber assays to assess chemotactic migration ability. Healthy 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12/group, with 4 rats per group assigned to TTC staining, Western blot, or Morris water maze assay, respectively): Sham-operated control group (mock surgery), Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model group, miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs treatment group, and Adenovirus-transduced hUC-MSCs (Ad-hUC-MSCs) treatment group. The HIBD model was induced in groups 2-4. At 24 h post-modeling, 1×10<sup>6</sup> miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs or Ad-hUC-MSCs were transplanted into the left lateral ventricle (injured side) of the pups. Neurological function was evaluated 48 h later using righting reflex tests for short-term neurobehavioral assessment. Subsequently, 4 rats per group were sacrificed for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to quantify cerebral infarction volume. Hippocampal tissues from another 4 rats per group were analyzed by Western blot for Beclin-2 and Caspase-3 protein expression. The remaining 4 rats per group underwent 28-day Morris water maze testing for long-term neurobehavioral evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spindle-shaped and polygonal adherent cells emerged within 3-5 days following umbilical cord tissue block inoculation, with flow cytometric analysis confirming their identity as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Compared to the Ad-hUC-MSCs treatment group, miR-9-5p enhanced the secretion of neuroreparative and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., NGF, BDNF, IL-6) in hUC-MSCs while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-2) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-9-5p significantly promoted hUC-MSCs proliferation and augmented the chemotactic migratory capacity of miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs. At 48 h post-transplantation in the miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs group, the sham-operated controls showed no detectable cerebral infarction, whereas the model group exhibited distinct pale infarct foci occupying 33.15% ± 4.38% of total brain volume (vs. controls, p < 0.05), indicating severe cerebral injury. Both miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs and Ad-hUC-MSCs treatments markedly reduced infarct volumes to 14.85% ± 2.79% and 19.11% ± 4.57%, respectively, with the miR-9-5p-hUC-MSCs group demonstrating a statistically superior therape","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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