Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/323/109-128
James B. Moran, T. Wade
Schmitt and Buss (2001) investigated acts that would be used in a mate poach. However, during their first phase of research, they failed to ask their participants to nominate acts in a short-term mate poaching context. This current study set out to discover the actions men use during short-term mate poaching and the effectiveness of these actions. Study 1 asked heterosexual men (N = 39) to nominate actions they would use for a short-term mate poach. Men were expected to nominate actions that display emotional support, caring, emotional stability, and dominance. Study 2 (N = 448) investigated which acts were perceived as most effective by both men and women. The five acts that were nominated as most effective were acts that signaled emotional commitment and altruism.
{"title":"Sex and the perceived effectiveness of short-term mate poaching acts in college students.","authors":"James B. Moran, T. Wade","doi":"10.22330/HEB/323/109-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/323/109-128","url":null,"abstract":"Schmitt and Buss (2001) investigated acts that would be used in a mate poach. However, during their first phase of research, they failed to ask their participants to nominate acts in a short-term mate poaching context. This current study set out to discover the actions men use during short-term mate poaching and the effectiveness of these actions. Study 1 asked heterosexual men (N = 39) to nominate actions they would use for a short-term mate poach. Men were expected to nominate actions that display emotional support, caring, emotional stability, and dominance. Study 2 (N = 448) investigated which acts were perceived as most effective by both men and women. The five acts that were nominated as most effective were acts that signaled emotional commitment and altruism.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/323/047-062
E. H. Bruyn, G. Weisfeld
In this paper, we investigated different behavioral patterns for achieving consensual popularity exhibited by antisocial and prosocial types of individuals. These patterns were investigated from pre-adolescence through late adolescence, and for both genders. Results revealed that Populistic (antisocial) individuals were high in bullying and low in academics; Social-populars (prosocial) showed the opposite pattern. Both types were higher in physical attractiveness and fashionability than unpopular individuals, who were the most likely to be bullied. Substance abuse was high in both popular types. Both populistic and social-popular boys and girls were far more likely to be dating than unpopular boys and girls.
{"title":"Pathways to Consensual Popularity and Mating Opportunities in Ontogenetic Perspective","authors":"E. H. Bruyn, G. Weisfeld","doi":"10.22330/HEB/323/047-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/323/047-062","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigated different behavioral patterns for achieving consensual popularity exhibited by antisocial and prosocial types of individuals. These patterns were investigated from pre-adolescence through late adolescence, and for both genders. Results revealed that Populistic (antisocial) individuals were high in bullying and low in academics; Social-populars (prosocial) showed the opposite pattern. Both types were higher in physical attractiveness and fashionability than unpopular individuals, who were the most likely to be bullied. Substance abuse was high in both popular types. Both populistic and social-popular boys and girls were far more likely to be dating than unpopular boys and girls.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"47-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48356365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/323/034-046
Glenn Geher, Richard H. Holler, David Chapleau, Jessica Fell, Bernadine Gangemi, Morgan E. Gleason, Vania Solon, Andrew Shimkus, Briana R. Tauber
The Neanderthals’ extinction has been, according to modern biological anthropologists, greatly exaggerated. Research from multiple sources has consistently provided strong evidence of hybridization between ancestral Neanderthals and Ancestrally Modern Humans (AMHs). Personal genome technology, such as that used by the personal-genomic company, 23andMe, provides individuals with information regarding their particular genetic overlap with Neanderthal DNA. Given the fact that most personality traits show some heritable component, this research sought to examine if one’s degree of Neanderthal genetic overlap (or Neanderthal Quotient; NQ) is significantly related to a variety of personality traits traits that, based on anthropological research may have characterized our ancient Neanderthal cousins. Using an online survey administered to more than 200 adults from around the world who had had their personal genomes mapped, we found that NQ was positively related to such variables as social fear, anxiety, and promiscuity, while being negatively related to scores on a performance-based measure of imaginativeness. Most of these relationships remained significant in regression models that added age and gender into the equations, suggesting that these findings are likely relatively reliable. Findings suggest that high levels of NQ tend to correspond to social fear, autistic tendencies, and depressive tendencies – a constellation of results that is consistent with the conception of Neanderthals as being ill-suited for large-scale social living.
{"title":"Using Personal Genome Technology and Psychometrics to Study the Personality of the Neanderthals","authors":"Glenn Geher, Richard H. Holler, David Chapleau, Jessica Fell, Bernadine Gangemi, Morgan E. Gleason, Vania Solon, Andrew Shimkus, Briana R. Tauber","doi":"10.22330/HEB/323/034-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/323/034-046","url":null,"abstract":"The Neanderthals’ extinction has been, according to modern biological anthropologists, greatly exaggerated. Research from multiple sources has consistently provided strong evidence of hybridization between ancestral Neanderthals and Ancestrally Modern Humans (AMHs). Personal genome technology, such as that used by the personal-genomic company, 23andMe, provides individuals with information regarding their particular genetic overlap with Neanderthal DNA. Given the fact that most personality traits show some heritable component, this research sought to examine if one’s degree of Neanderthal genetic overlap (or Neanderthal Quotient; NQ) is significantly related to a variety of personality traits traits that, based on anthropological research may have characterized our ancient Neanderthal cousins. Using an online survey administered to more than 200 adults from around the world who had had their personal genomes mapped, we found that NQ was positively related to such variables as social fear, anxiety, and promiscuity, while being negatively related to scores on a performance-based measure of imaginativeness. Most of these relationships remained significant in regression models that added age and gender into the equations, suggesting that these findings are likely relatively reliable. Findings suggest that high levels of NQ tend to correspond to social fear, autistic tendencies, and depressive tendencies – a constellation of results that is consistent with the conception of Neanderthals as being ill-suited for large-scale social living.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"34-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48474399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/323/129-140
P. Prokop, Ike E. Onyishi, C. O. Okafor, Michael N. Pham
There is debate regarding whether oral sex recurred over human evolution. We investigated the occurrence of oral sex (cunnilingus and fellatio) and other sexual activities among a rural Igbo community in south-east Nigeria. We found that giving and receiving oral sex was less common relative to other sexual activities in both men and women. Both sexes reported more frequent vaginal sexual intercourse (particularly ventro-ventral posture compared with dorso-ventral posture) in the past 10 days compared to oral sex. Taken together, our data suggests that vaginal sexual activities follow similar patterns that are documented in other parts of world and that oral sex occurred less frequently in this traditional society
{"title":"Preliminary Evidence For Existence of Oral Sex in a Rural Igbo Community in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"P. Prokop, Ike E. Onyishi, C. O. Okafor, Michael N. Pham","doi":"10.22330/HEB/323/129-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/323/129-140","url":null,"abstract":"There is debate regarding whether oral sex recurred over human evolution. We investigated the occurrence of oral sex (cunnilingus and fellatio) and other sexual activities among a rural Igbo community in south-east Nigeria. We found that giving and receiving oral sex was less common relative to other sexual activities in both men and women. Both sexes reported more frequent vaginal sexual intercourse (particularly ventro-ventral posture compared with dorso-ventral posture) in the past 10 days compared to oral sex. Taken together, our data suggests that vaginal sexual activities follow similar patterns that are documented in other parts of world and that oral sex occurred less frequently in this traditional society","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/323/085-108
Laura Johnson, D. Kruger, Glenn Geher, Rebecca Shaiber, Justin R. Garcia, A. Wiegand
From infancy until early adulthood, men have higher mortality rates due to external causes than do women. Human evolutionary behavioral scientists have framed this sex difference in pre-adulthood mortality risk as an outcome of sex-specific intrasexual competition, resulting in a higher propensity for physical risk taking in males. The current research builds upon this work, by retrospectively exploring patterns of injury occurring in childhood and adolescence. We predicted sex-specific effects with respect to the ways individuals adjust to their environments behaviorally, including: life history strategy, childhood and adolescent injury, and age at sexual debut. Seven hundred eighty five (173 men, 612 women) U.S. university students completed an anonymous questionnaire including metrics considering sociodemographics, significant childhood and adolescent injuries (including injury severity and quantity of stitches received), perceived neighborhood safety, age of incidence for first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and life history strategy. Individuals with faster life history strategies were more likely to have sustained serious injuries in their youth (requiring stitches, surgery, or medication). Also, those with a Fast LHS are more likely to be male, define their neighborhoods as dangerous, and have their first sexual encounter at an earlier age. Adaptive behavioral responses triggered by latent factors in local ecology may promote riskier behaviors in modern environments, helping to explain the etiology of risk-taking behaviors and injury among youth today. We discuss results in terms of predictive human evolutionary theory.
{"title":"Youth Injuries as a Function of Sex, Life History, and Neighborhood Safety","authors":"Laura Johnson, D. Kruger, Glenn Geher, Rebecca Shaiber, Justin R. Garcia, A. Wiegand","doi":"10.22330/HEB/323/085-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/323/085-108","url":null,"abstract":"From infancy until early adulthood, men have higher mortality rates due to external causes than do women. Human evolutionary behavioral scientists have framed this sex difference in pre-adulthood mortality risk as an outcome of sex-specific intrasexual competition, resulting in a higher propensity for physical risk taking in males. The current research builds upon this work, by retrospectively exploring patterns of injury occurring in childhood and adolescence. We predicted sex-specific effects with respect to the ways individuals adjust to their environments behaviorally, including: life history strategy, childhood and adolescent injury, and age at sexual debut. Seven hundred eighty five (173 men, 612 women) U.S. university students completed an anonymous questionnaire including metrics considering sociodemographics, significant childhood and adolescent injuries (including injury severity and quantity of stitches received), perceived neighborhood safety, age of incidence for first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and life history strategy. Individuals with faster life history strategies were more likely to have sustained serious injuries in their youth (requiring stitches, surgery, or medication). Also, those with a Fast LHS are more likely to be male, define their neighborhoods as dangerous, and have their first sexual encounter at an earlier age. Adaptive behavioral responses triggered by latent factors in local ecology may promote riskier behaviors in modern environments, helping to explain the etiology of risk-taking behaviors and injury among youth today. We discuss results in terms of predictive human evolutionary theory.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"85-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68344861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/322/036-039
C. Weisfeld
{"title":"The Evolution of The Evolution of Desire","authors":"C. Weisfeld","doi":"10.22330/HEB/322/036-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/322/036-039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/322/024-035
F. Pazhoohi
Cultural variations may have evolved as adaptations to environments. According to the parental investment theory, men tend to more actively seek short-term matings and possess a greater preference for a variety of sex partners than do women. Due to the difficulty of ensuring child survival in more demanding environments paternal care becomes vital. Here it is hypothesized that in harsh environments cultural practices have developed allowing men to have access to multiple partners while simultaneously increasing child survivorship through paternal investment. The results show that the child mortality factors are correlated with the prevalence of polygyny across African countries. It is suggested that in these regions, presumably cultural practices concerning polygyny secure paternal investment in putative children by avoiding out-of-wedlock extra-pair matings while allowing in-wedlock multiple mates. Finally, this paper refines some ambiguity regarding strategic pluralism theory described by Schmitt (2005) concerning the prevalence of polygyny in demanding environments.
{"title":"Polygyny as a Strategy for Controlling Male Sexuality to Secure Child Survival","authors":"F. Pazhoohi","doi":"10.22330/HEB/322/024-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/322/024-035","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural variations may have evolved as adaptations to environments. According to the parental investment theory, men tend to more actively seek short-term matings and possess a greater preference for a variety of sex partners than do women. Due to the difficulty of ensuring child survival in more demanding environments paternal care becomes vital. Here it is hypothesized that in harsh environments cultural practices have developed allowing men to have access to multiple partners while simultaneously increasing child survivorship through paternal investment. The results show that the child mortality factors are correlated with the prevalence of polygyny across African countries. It is suggested that in these regions, presumably cultural practices concerning polygyny secure paternal investment in putative children by avoiding out-of-wedlock extra-pair matings while allowing in-wedlock multiple mates. Finally, this paper refines some ambiguity regarding strategic pluralism theory described by Schmitt (2005) concerning the prevalence of polygyny in demanding environments.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41829233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.22330/HEB/322/014-023
Dino Krupić, Bojana M. Dinić
One of the most frequently used self-report instruments of human defensive behaviors is Blanchards' threat scenarios. The aim of this study is to reev
人类防御行为最常用的自我报告工具之一是布兰查德的威胁情景。这项研究的目的是为了证明
{"title":"Situational Cues Trigger Risk Assessment, Fight, Flight, but not Freeze in Blanchard’s Threat Scenarios","authors":"Dino Krupić, Bojana M. Dinić","doi":"10.22330/HEB/322/014-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HEB/322/014-023","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequently used self-report instruments of human defensive behaviors is Blanchards' threat scenarios. The aim of this study is to reev","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42145115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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