Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20180528101354
P. Magangane, N. Khumalo, H. Adeola
Abstract Objectives: The success of novel in-situ immunohistoproteomics approaches that employ Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) heavily depends on good antigen retrieval efficacy. Methods: We have optimized the effect of various antigen retrieval buffers on peptide profiles acquired from FFPE traction alopecia scalp tissue. Heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) was performed using Citrate, Tris, and Tris-EDTA buffers under various conditions. MALDI-MSI analysis of the tissue was performed using a high-throughput, state-of-the-art RapiFlex MALDI TOF/TOF tissue-typer equipped with a smart beam laser. Results: Background matrix peaks were found under most conditions except under Tris-EDTA buffer. Trypsin digestion periods longer than overnight and possibly higher concentrations are needed for Citrate and Tris. The Tris-EDTA buffer performed best for MALDI-MSI antigen retrieval at an incubation period of overnight at 60°C. Conclusions: We have identified in this study that antigen retrieval conditions need to be optimised prior to MALDI MSI analysis of different tissue types.
{"title":"The effect of antigen retrieval buffers on MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of peptide profiles in skin FFPE tissue","authors":"P. Magangane, N. Khumalo, H. Adeola","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20180528101354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20180528101354","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The success of novel in-situ immunohistoproteomics approaches that employ Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) heavily depends on good antigen retrieval efficacy. Methods: We have optimized the effect of various antigen retrieval buffers on peptide profiles acquired from FFPE traction alopecia scalp tissue. Heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) was performed using Citrate, Tris, and Tris-EDTA buffers under various conditions. MALDI-MSI analysis of the tissue was performed using a high-throughput, state-of-the-art RapiFlex MALDI TOF/TOF tissue-typer equipped with a smart beam laser. Results: Background matrix peaks were found under most conditions except under Tris-EDTA buffer. Trypsin digestion periods longer than overnight and possibly higher concentrations are needed for Citrate and Tris. The Tris-EDTA buffer performed best for MALDI-MSI antigen retrieval at an incubation period of overnight at 60°C. Conclusions: We have identified in this study that antigen retrieval conditions need to be optimised prior to MALDI MSI analysis of different tissue types.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"62 1","pages":"26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jihp.20180605103508
S. Alsaggaf
Gasoline was described to induce many biochemical and physiological dysfunctions with subsequent disturbance of health and development of many diseases. It was reported to induce health hazards through generating reactive oxygen species with subsequent harmful effects on the normal body physiology. This work reviewed the previous experimental studies conducted on animal models and aimed to assess the effect of exposure to gasoline through different routes on the different body systems and organs. The histopathological impact of gasoline on the nervous, respiratory, reproductive and immune system was reviewed. Adding to that the impact of exposure to gasoline on the skin, liver, kidneys, blood, bone marrow and genes was also reviewed. It is hoped that this review will encourage and support the conduction of more rigorous studies aimed to assess the impact of gasoline on the health and possibly help optimizing the exposure standards for gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels.
{"title":"Impact of gasoline on health. An updated review on gasoline-induced histopathological effects in laboratory animals","authors":"S. Alsaggaf","doi":"10.5455/jihp.20180605103508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jihp.20180605103508","url":null,"abstract":"Gasoline was described to induce many biochemical and physiological dysfunctions with subsequent disturbance of health and development of many diseases. It was reported to induce health hazards through generating reactive oxygen species with subsequent harmful effects on the normal body physiology. This work reviewed the previous experimental studies conducted on animal models and aimed to assess the effect of exposure to gasoline through different routes on the different body systems and organs. The histopathological impact of gasoline on the nervous, respiratory, reproductive and immune system was reviewed. Adding to that the impact of exposure to gasoline on the skin, liver, kidneys, blood, bone marrow and genes was also reviewed. It is hoped that this review will encourage and support the conduction of more rigorous studies aimed to assess the impact of gasoline on the health and possibly help optimizing the exposure standards for gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"6 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20180407065848
Nehal S. Abouhashem, E. Abdelbary, M. Abdelgawad
Abstract Objective: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) need extensive surgical interference. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) shifts this extensive surgical procedure to another sphincter saving one as well as lowers patient's morbidity and mortality. Till now, there is no definite method to predict patients' response to neoadjuvant CRT. Methods: REG IV and YKL-40 immunohistochemistry was evaluated in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies from 42 LARC cases who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical interference. The findings were correlated with the clinico-pathological features, tumor response and tumor regression grade of the post-operative specimens. Results: REG IV high expression was associated with advanced post-treatment pathological tumor status, post -treatment pathological nodal status and presence of lympho-vascular invasion with statistical significance. Furthermore, it was correlated with a lower extent of tumor regression after neoadjuvant CRT. All patients with pCR exhibited negative/low REG IV expression and only 13.6% of the responders showed high REG IV expression with statistical significance. YKL-40 immunohistochemical expression was highly associated with the tumor regression rate where 85% of LARC patients with poor neoadjuvant CRT response highly expressed YKL-40 and 66.6% of patients with complete regression showed negativelow expression of YKL-40. Conclusion: Our findings implicate REG IV and YKL-40 as important predictors of neoadjuvant CRT response in locally advanced rectal cancer.
{"title":"Predictive role of REG IV and YKL-40 in locally advanced rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy","authors":"Nehal S. Abouhashem, E. Abdelbary, M. Abdelgawad","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20180407065848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20180407065848","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) need extensive surgical interference. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) shifts this extensive surgical procedure to another sphincter saving one as well as lowers patient's morbidity and mortality. Till now, there is no definite method to predict patients' response to neoadjuvant CRT. Methods: REG IV and YKL-40 immunohistochemistry was evaluated in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies from 42 LARC cases who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical interference. The findings were correlated with the clinico-pathological features, tumor response and tumor regression grade of the post-operative specimens. Results: REG IV high expression was associated with advanced post-treatment pathological tumor status, post -treatment pathological nodal status and presence of lympho-vascular invasion with statistical significance. Furthermore, it was correlated with a lower extent of tumor regression after neoadjuvant CRT. All patients with pCR exhibited negative/low REG IV expression and only 13.6% of the responders showed high REG IV expression with statistical significance. YKL-40 immunohistochemical expression was highly associated with the tumor regression rate where 85% of LARC patients with poor neoadjuvant CRT response highly expressed YKL-40 and 66.6% of patients with complete regression showed negativelow expression of YKL-40. Conclusion: Our findings implicate REG IV and YKL-40 as important predictors of neoadjuvant CRT response in locally advanced rectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20180728070001
M. Aboud
Background; Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is the most common sex cord-stromal tumor that stem from granulosa cells. It comprises only 5% of ovarian tumors of childhood or adolescence. We reported two cases diagnosed with JGCT to highlight the clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics of this rare tumor, to remind the pediatric surgeon and the pediatrician of the necessity to achieve and follow the correct workup. Case 1; A 2.8 years old Female presented to the pediatric surgery clinic with symptoms of vomiting, cramping with lower abdominal pain, enlargement of bilateral breast and abnormal vaginal discharge for 2 months. The diagnosis of juvenile granulosa cell tumor-stage IA was established. Case 2; A 3.4 years old girl was admitted to the Pediatric surgery unit, presented with pallor, abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting of 2 days duration. Abdominal exploration was decided tumor was totally excised (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). The clinical and histopathological studies were compatible with juvenile granulosa cell tumor stage IC. Conclusion; The ovarian JGCT a rare pathology in the pediatric age group. Staging according to the presentation, surgical and histopathologic parameters is an important prognostic factor. Surgery is still the cornerstone in the decision making of the management strategy, while, adjuvant therapy is initiated in the advanced stages.
{"title":"Juvenile Granulosa cell tumor; a report of two cases for such a rare neoplasm in a pediatric age group","authors":"M. Aboud","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20180728070001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20180728070001","url":null,"abstract":"Background; Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is the most common sex cord-stromal tumor that stem from granulosa cells. It comprises only 5% of ovarian tumors of childhood or adolescence. We reported two cases diagnosed with JGCT to highlight the clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics of this rare tumor, to remind the pediatric surgeon and the pediatrician of the necessity to achieve and follow the correct workup. Case 1; A 2.8 years old Female presented to the pediatric surgery clinic with symptoms of vomiting, cramping with lower abdominal pain, enlargement of bilateral breast and abnormal vaginal discharge for 2 months. The diagnosis of juvenile granulosa cell tumor-stage IA was established. Case 2; A 3.4 years old girl was admitted to the Pediatric surgery unit, presented with pallor, abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting of 2 days duration. Abdominal exploration was decided tumor was totally excised (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). The clinical and histopathological studies were compatible with juvenile granulosa cell tumor stage IC. Conclusion; The ovarian JGCT a rare pathology in the pediatric age group. Staging according to the presentation, surgical and histopathologic parameters is an important prognostic factor. Surgery is still the cornerstone in the decision making of the management strategy, while, adjuvant therapy is initiated in the advanced stages.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"6 1","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jihp.20160821122428
T. Saluja, Janaki Iyer
{"title":"Unmasking the Grey Zone of Hyalinization with a Proposed Classification of Oral Hyalinizing Lesions","authors":"T. Saluja, Janaki Iyer","doi":"10.5455/jihp.20160821122428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jihp.20160821122428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70818920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20170331011356
Elias Adikwu, Bokolo Bonsome
{"title":"Nevirapine Alters Renal Function Parameters, Kidney Oxidative Stress Indices and Histology in Juvenile Albino Rats","authors":"Elias Adikwu, Bokolo Bonsome","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20170331011356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20170331011356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20170124093401
Bianca Ribeiro de Souza Ribeiro de Souza, L. S. Mathias, Talita Iara Máximo de Souza, I. C. C. Camargo
AAS are recommended for treatment of sarcopenia and cachexia associated with AIDS, hepatic or renal failure, cancer and severe burns [4,5], but their nonmedical use is increasing during the latest decades. These substances are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that act on androgenic receptors, which are present in several different types of tissues, conferring inseparable anabolic and androgenic effects [6]. Because of its anabolic effect in promoting increased muscle mass, many people use AAS for esthetic reasons [7,8] and this nonclinic use may cause reversible and irreversible side effects [9]. In men and rodents, testicular changes and reduction in the quality of semen are widely reported in the literature as result of AAS use [10-13].
{"title":"Histopathological and Morphometric Evaluation in the Testis and Epididymis of Adult Rats Submitted To A Recovery Period after Treatment with Anabolic Steroid, Alcohol and/or Nicotine","authors":"Bianca Ribeiro de Souza Ribeiro de Souza, L. S. Mathias, Talita Iara Máximo de Souza, I. C. C. Camargo","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20170124093401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20170124093401","url":null,"abstract":"AAS are recommended for treatment of sarcopenia and cachexia associated with AIDS, hepatic or renal failure, cancer and severe burns [4,5], but their nonmedical use is increasing during the latest decades. These substances are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that act on androgenic receptors, which are present in several different types of tissues, conferring inseparable anabolic and androgenic effects [6]. Because of its anabolic effect in promoting increased muscle mass, many people use AAS for esthetic reasons [7,8] and this nonclinic use may cause reversible and irreversible side effects [9]. In men and rodents, testicular changes and reduction in the quality of semen are widely reported in the literature as result of AAS use [10-13].","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20161231121440
F. Ahmad, Rania A. Zidan
Background: High-fat diet (HFD) feeding is an important model to study the changes induced by insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity including retinopathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 have been implicated in the development of retinopathy. Objectives: The aim of his study was to analyze histological retinal changes in a high-fat atherogenic mouse model and to evaluate the possible protective effect of simvastatin on these changes including its effects on the expression of VEGF and p53. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 mice (6 weeks old) were divided into 3 study groups according to their diet and treatment given; Group I - normal balanced diet-fed mice, Group II - HFD-fed mice, and Group III - HFD-fed mice treated with simvastatin daily for 30 weeks. All mice were followed up for 30 weeks. At the end of the study at 36 weeks of age, eye tissues were collected and retinal sections were examined using light microscopy. Comparison of the thickness of retinal layers in the three groups was carried out. The localization of VEGF in the retina was determined by immunohistochemical analysis, and apoptotic cell death was assessed using the p53. Results: In the HFD-fed mice, there was an increase in the retinal thickness associated with presence of wide intercellular spaces in the outer nuclear layer. Many cells in the inner nuclear layer showed cytoplasmic vacuolations. Expression of VEGF was significantly increased in the retinal ganglion cell layers and nuclear cell layers. Elevated p53 reaction was demonstrated within the inner retina. The histological changes were significantly improved in the simvastatin treated group. Conclusions: HFD-induced structural changes in the retinal layers and simultaneous upregulation of VEGF and p53. Administration of simvastatin improved these retinal alterations.
{"title":"Histological Study on the Protective Effect of Simvastatin on the Retinal Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice -","authors":"F. Ahmad, Rania A. Zidan","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20161231121440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20161231121440","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High-fat diet (HFD) feeding is an important model to study the changes induced by insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity including retinopathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 have been implicated in the development of retinopathy. Objectives: The aim of his study was to analyze histological retinal changes in a high-fat atherogenic mouse model and to evaluate the possible protective effect of simvastatin on these changes including its effects on the expression of VEGF and p53. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 mice (6 weeks old) were divided into 3 study groups according to their diet and treatment given; Group I - normal balanced diet-fed mice, Group II - HFD-fed mice, and Group III - HFD-fed mice treated with simvastatin daily for 30 weeks. All mice were followed up for 30 weeks. At the end of the study at 36 weeks of age, eye tissues were collected and retinal sections were examined using light microscopy. Comparison of the thickness of retinal layers in the three groups was carried out. The localization of VEGF in the retina was determined by immunohistochemical analysis, and apoptotic cell death was assessed using the p53. Results: In the HFD-fed mice, there was an increase in the retinal thickness associated with presence of wide intercellular spaces in the outer nuclear layer. Many cells in the inner nuclear layer showed cytoplasmic vacuolations. Expression of VEGF was significantly increased in the retinal ganglion cell layers and nuclear cell layers. Elevated p53 reaction was demonstrated within the inner retina. The histological changes were significantly improved in the simvastatin treated group. Conclusions: HFD-induced structural changes in the retinal layers and simultaneous upregulation of VEGF and p53. Administration of simvastatin improved these retinal alterations.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"5 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JIHP.20170411092257
A. Ozcan, Ashraf Khan, S. Shen, L. Truong
Objective: Diagnostic markers for thyroid differentiation remain in development. Paired box (PAX8) is a member of a transcription factor family instrumental for fetal development and probably neoplastic transformation of the kidney, müllerian organs, and thyroid. Expression of PAX8 in thyroid tissue is evaluated and compared with traditional thyroid markers which are thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Materials and Methods: Consecutive tissue sections of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue ( n = 131), adenomatous nodule ( n = 26), follicular neoplasms ( n = 25), papillary carcinoma ( n = 13), medullary carcinoma ( n = 6), poorly differentiated carcinoma ( n = 16), undifferentiated carcinoma ( n = 6), and benign parathyroid tissue ( n = 15) were submitted for PAX8, PAX2, TTF-1, and thyroglobulin immunostain. Staining extent (% of cells stained) and intensity (score 0-3) were evaluated. Results: PAX2 was not seen in any specimens. Strong (intensity score 3) (and diffuse 100% of cells) nuclear staining for PAX8 was noted in every case of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid tumors. Staining for TTF-1 was similar to that of PAX8 in term of frequency, but the extent and intensity were less for some variants of papillary carcinoma or less differentiated follicular neoplasms. Thyroglobulin was noted in every case of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid tumors, but the staining (which is cytoplasmic) was weak and focal in 66 cases of them, and this staining was often masked by strong staining of the adjacent colloid. For undifferentiated carcinoma, PAX8 was the only expressed marker, but in only 1/6 cases. For medullary carcinoma, PAX8 was not seen in any case, but TTF-1 and thyroglobulin were noted in 67% and 33% of cases, respectively. For parathyroid tissue, PAX8 was noted in 80% of cases, but the staining was weak and focal in each; TTF-1 and thyroglobulin were not seen. Conclusions: (1) PAX8 is a very sensitive marker for thyroid differentiation, regardless of diagnoses, (2) PAX8 is the only available marker, albeit of limited sensitivity, for undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, (3) Both PAX8 and TTF-1 are sensitive markers for thyroid differentiation; with a diagnostic advantage for PAX8; and both are superior to thyroglobulin, (4) PAX8 may be the only marker needed for evaluating thyroid differentiation, and (5) In spite of an ontogenic similarity with PAX8, PAX2 is not expressed by thyroid tissue.
{"title":"PAX8 Expression in Thyroid Tumors: Comparison with PAX2, TTF-1, and Thyroglobulin","authors":"A. Ozcan, Ashraf Khan, S. Shen, L. Truong","doi":"10.5455/JIHP.20170411092257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JIHP.20170411092257","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diagnostic markers for thyroid differentiation remain in development. Paired box (PAX8) is a member of a transcription factor family instrumental for fetal development and probably neoplastic transformation of the kidney, müllerian organs, and thyroid. Expression of PAX8 in thyroid tissue is evaluated and compared with traditional thyroid markers which are thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Materials and Methods: Consecutive tissue sections of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue ( n = 131), adenomatous nodule ( n = 26), follicular neoplasms ( n = 25), papillary carcinoma ( n = 13), medullary carcinoma ( n = 6), poorly differentiated carcinoma ( n = 16), undifferentiated carcinoma ( n = 6), and benign parathyroid tissue ( n = 15) were submitted for PAX8, PAX2, TTF-1, and thyroglobulin immunostain. Staining extent (% of cells stained) and intensity (score 0-3) were evaluated. Results: PAX2 was not seen in any specimens. Strong (intensity score 3) (and diffuse 100% of cells) nuclear staining for PAX8 was noted in every case of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid tumors. Staining for TTF-1 was similar to that of PAX8 in term of frequency, but the extent and intensity were less for some variants of papillary carcinoma or less differentiated follicular neoplasms. Thyroglobulin was noted in every case of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid tumors, but the staining (which is cytoplasmic) was weak and focal in 66 cases of them, and this staining was often masked by strong staining of the adjacent colloid. For undifferentiated carcinoma, PAX8 was the only expressed marker, but in only 1/6 cases. For medullary carcinoma, PAX8 was not seen in any case, but TTF-1 and thyroglobulin were noted in 67% and 33% of cases, respectively. For parathyroid tissue, PAX8 was noted in 80% of cases, but the staining was weak and focal in each; TTF-1 and thyroglobulin were not seen. Conclusions: (1) PAX8 is a very sensitive marker for thyroid differentiation, regardless of diagnoses, (2) PAX8 is the only available marker, albeit of limited sensitivity, for undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, (3) Both PAX8 and TTF-1 are sensitive markers for thyroid differentiation; with a diagnostic advantage for PAX8; and both are superior to thyroglobulin, (4) PAX8 may be the only marker needed for evaluating thyroid differentiation, and (5) In spite of an ontogenic similarity with PAX8, PAX2 is not expressed by thyroid tissue.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jihp.20170419104224
B. Elsy, A. Khan, V. Maheshwari
Background: Delayed muscle growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle in diabetics is believed to be due to diabetic myopathy because of alteration in the skeletal muscle homeostatis. Since vitamin E is a natural antioxidant and is also important for the integrity of sarcolemma, the present study was designed to explore the muscle regenerative potency of d-δ-tocotrienol-rich fraction (d-δ-TRF) on crushed skeletal muscle in healthy and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg). Twenty-four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated, and diabetic treated. Treated groups received injections orally, daily (200 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. A horizontal skin incision was made on the shaved right mid-thigh region, by splitting the fascia between gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata, and gluteus maximus was crushed with Kocher’s forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crushed muscle changes were studied by assessing the histopathological features, histomorphological measurements, and biochemical analyses on 3rd week following induction of injury. One-way “ANOVA†followed by Tukey’s test and Student t-test were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: Results obtained through various methods indicate that the d-δ-TRF treated groups have controlled glycemic status, improved antioxidant capacity, faster revascularization, re-innervation, regeneration of myofibers, and connective tissue remodeling. Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that the d-δ-TRF is a beneficial nutritional adjuvant for skeletal muscles’ structural and functional recovery after crushed injury in both healthy and diabetics.
{"title":"Regenerative Potential of D- and #948;-Tocotrienol Rich Fraction on Crushed Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats","authors":"B. Elsy, A. Khan, V. Maheshwari","doi":"10.5455/jihp.20170419104224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jihp.20170419104224","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delayed muscle growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle in diabetics is believed to be due to diabetic myopathy because of alteration in the skeletal muscle homeostatis. Since vitamin E is a natural antioxidant and is also important for the integrity of sarcolemma, the present study was designed to explore the muscle regenerative potency of d-δ-tocotrienol-rich fraction (d-δ-TRF) on crushed skeletal muscle in healthy and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg). Twenty-four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated, and diabetic treated. Treated groups received injections orally, daily (200 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. A horizontal skin incision was made on the shaved right mid-thigh region, by splitting the fascia between gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata, and gluteus maximus was crushed with Kocher’s forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crushed muscle changes were studied by assessing the histopathological features, histomorphological measurements, and biochemical analyses on 3rd week following induction of injury. One-way “ANOVA†followed by Tukey’s test and Student t-test were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: Results obtained through various methods indicate that the d-δ-TRF treated groups have controlled glycemic status, improved antioxidant capacity, faster revascularization, re-innervation, regeneration of myofibers, and connective tissue remodeling. Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that the d-δ-TRF is a beneficial nutritional adjuvant for skeletal muscles’ structural and functional recovery after crushed injury in both healthy and diabetics.","PeriodicalId":91320,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary histopathology","volume":"43 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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