Pub Date : 2017-01-25DOI: 10.15406/jsrt.2017.2.00055
S. Leotta, C. Pirosa, A. Cupri, E. Martino, A. Spadaro, Milone Giuseppe
We describe a case of flaccid paraparesis, intervening during treatment with simvastatin cyclosporine and low dose posaconazole, in a patient previously having undergone allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Final diagnosis was rhabdomyolysis related to statin. This is the first case reporting posaconazole as an agent favoring rhabdomyolysis when administered together with simvastatin and cyclosporine. In this patient, a low Vitamin D level may also have contributed to establishing rhabdomyolysis. Literature on rhabdomyolysis in transplanted patients is reviewed. Therapeutic choices in transplanted patients needing concomitant therapy with azole and statin are discussed.
{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis after Transplantation: Case Report after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation and Review of Literature","authors":"S. Leotta, C. Pirosa, A. Cupri, E. Martino, A. Spadaro, Milone Giuseppe","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2017.2.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2017.2.00055","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a case of flaccid paraparesis, intervening during treatment with simvastatin cyclosporine and low dose posaconazole, in a patient previously having undergone allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Final diagnosis was rhabdomyolysis related to statin. This is the first case reporting posaconazole as an agent favoring rhabdomyolysis when administered together with simvastatin and cyclosporine. In this patient, a low Vitamin D level may also have contributed to establishing rhabdomyolysis. Literature on rhabdomyolysis in transplanted patients is reviewed. Therapeutic choices in transplanted patients needing concomitant therapy with azole and statin are discussed.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84626464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-24DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00054
Nusrat Zareen, N. Karim, Lubna Akhtar, J. Faisal
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue used for a variety of indications in medical practice including medication of abortion.1 In addition to therapeutic usage, an unsupervised and illegal self-induction trend of Misoprostol administration has promoted its use as an illegal abortifacient.2 It is reported that 15% of misoprostol-induced-abortions may not be successful, even under medical supervision. This leads to in utero exposure of the drug to the developing fetus.3 It is scientifically claimed that use of misoprostol with failure to abort may be linked to birth defects suggesting an 8-10% risk of abnormalities among women who use misoprostol and experience abortion failure.4
{"title":"Utilizing chick embryo in ovo model system to study the effects of misoprostol on early embryogenesis - a pilot study","authors":"Nusrat Zareen, N. Karim, Lubna Akhtar, J. Faisal","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00054","url":null,"abstract":"Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue used for a variety of indications in medical practice including medication of abortion.1 In addition to therapeutic usage, an unsupervised and illegal self-induction trend of Misoprostol administration has promoted its use as an illegal abortifacient.2 It is reported that 15% of misoprostol-induced-abortions may not be successful, even under medical supervision. This leads to in utero exposure of the drug to the developing fetus.3 It is scientifically claimed that use of misoprostol with failure to abort may be linked to birth defects suggesting an 8-10% risk of abnormalities among women who use misoprostol and experience abortion failure.4","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88634443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-18DOI: 10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00053
E. Gehrie, P. Young
The major blood group antigens A and B are sugars that are expressed on red blood cells, on organ endothelia, and in the body fluids of most individuals.1–3 The biological significance of blood group in nature is unknown, although the distribution of blood groups throughout the world may be explained in part by susceptibility to various diseases.4–5 Blood group is a major consideration in transfusion medicine and organ transplantation because ABO incompatible transfusions and allografts may precipitate catastrophic hemolysis or graft thrombosis resulting in patient death.6–8
{"title":"A2 erythrocytes lack a antigen modified glycoproteins which are present in A1 erythrocytes","authors":"E. Gehrie, P. Young","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00053","url":null,"abstract":"The major blood group antigens A and B are sugars that are expressed on red blood cells, on organ endothelia, and in the body fluids of most individuals.1–3 The biological significance of blood group in nature is unknown, although the distribution of blood groups throughout the world may be explained in part by susceptibility to various diseases.4–5 Blood group is a major consideration in transfusion medicine and organ transplantation because ABO incompatible transfusions and allografts may precipitate catastrophic hemolysis or graft thrombosis resulting in patient death.6–8","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79451492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-17DOI: 10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00052
Jaemin Kim, P. Sachdev, P. Zhang, K. Sidhu
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is caused by many factors including progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA)-secreting neurons which reside in the midbrain substantia nigra compacta (SNc). Current available treatments comprise of intake of DA replenishing drugs or implantation of electrical impulse device. However, the short-term effect of the treatments and risks of side effects haveseverely limited the widespread application of thesetherapiesfor all patients with PD.Hence, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are capable of both self renewal and differentiation into all cell types of human body, could potentially provide a renewable source of surrogate DA neurons for transplantation into PD patients. One of the challenges in using hESCs therapeutically is the establishment of protocols that could effectively direct their differentiation into functionalDA neurons. A specific investigation on the derivation of DA neurons was carried out by usinga three-dimensional (3D)environmentsuch as encapsulation. Characterizationstudyby microarray wasperformed to analyze the global expression profile in 3D-derived DA neurons after 28 days of differentiation. In comparison to the samples of DA neuronal differentiated hESCs under 2D platform for 28 days, the analysis detected the reduced expression of gene that are involved in pluripotency or mitosis but increased expression of genes that are involved in neuronal developments such as Wnt, hedgehogand mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The results suggest that the 3D differentiation system may have affected the regulatory or signalling mechanisms which enhanced the rate of differentiation towards ectoderm.
{"title":"Stem Cells-Based Therapeutics for Parkinson’s Disease - A Transcriptomic Analyses During Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation under 3- and 2- Dimensional Environments using Human Embryonic Stem Cells","authors":"Jaemin Kim, P. Sachdev, P. Zhang, K. Sidhu","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is caused by many factors including progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA)-secreting neurons which reside in the midbrain substantia nigra compacta (SNc). Current available treatments comprise of intake of DA replenishing drugs or implantation of electrical impulse device. However, the short-term effect of the treatments and risks of side effects haveseverely limited the widespread application of thesetherapiesfor all patients with PD.Hence, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are capable of both self renewal and differentiation into all cell types of human body, could potentially provide a renewable source of surrogate DA neurons for transplantation into PD patients. One of the challenges in using hESCs therapeutically is the establishment of protocols that could effectively direct their differentiation into functionalDA neurons. A specific investigation on the derivation of DA neurons was carried out by usinga three-dimensional (3D)environmentsuch as encapsulation. Characterizationstudyby microarray wasperformed to analyze the global expression profile in 3D-derived DA neurons after 28 days of differentiation. In comparison to the samples of DA neuronal differentiated hESCs under 2D platform for 28 days, the analysis detected the reduced expression of gene that are involved in pluripotency or mitosis but increased expression of genes that are involved in neuronal developments such as Wnt, hedgehogand mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The results suggest that the 3D differentiation system may have affected the regulatory or signalling mechanisms which enhanced the rate of differentiation towards ectoderm.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84885759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-11DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00051
P. Kaingade, A. Nikam, Sachin Kulkarni, I. Somasundaram
Endometrium is a dynamic organ, which undergoes extensive proliferation and regeneration throughout reproductive cycle of women. Hence, extensive research on adult stem cells of endometrium is underway. An easy approach to identify stem cells is its marker characterization. However, does these markers behave same in all conditions of stem cells in-vitro is uncertain? Hence, the main objective of the study is to check if mesenchymal stem cells of the endometrium (eMSCs) could retain its marker characterization at various passages in-vitro. The study design was accomplished as follows: The endometrial tissue (n=10) were collected from reproductively active women with a mean age of 35±1.5 and body mass index of 24±1.4, undergoing D&C/hysterectomy. Samples were collected in a sterile manner. The plastic, adherent mesenchymal stem cells obtained from culturing of the cells isolated from endometrial tissue (eMSCs) are characterized for study design was accomplished by characterizing some of the markers such as CD44, CD166, CD106, CD49d, CD31, CD54, CD34, CD117, CD90, CD105, CD73, CD140b, ABCG2 of eMSCs at various passages (P1, P3, P5 & P10) in-vitro using flowcytometry. The obtained results were analysed statistically using student’s t-test and significant results are discussed. The study identified tissue-specific markers of eMSCs, where the percentage expression of most of the markers was consistently similar at P3 and P10, expect for CD49d and CD54, which showed a reduction pattern and ABCG2, which showed an increase in percentage at P10 as compared to P3. This article reveals the significance of in-depth marker characterization of human endometrial stem cells in-vitro.
{"title":"Marker profiles of human endometrial stem cells at various passages cultured in-vitro","authors":"P. Kaingade, A. Nikam, Sachin Kulkarni, I. Somasundaram","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00051","url":null,"abstract":"Endometrium is a dynamic organ, which undergoes extensive proliferation and regeneration throughout reproductive cycle of women. Hence, extensive research on adult stem cells of endometrium is underway. An easy approach to identify stem cells is its marker characterization. However, does these markers behave same in all conditions of stem cells in-vitro is uncertain? Hence, the main objective of the study is to check if mesenchymal stem cells of the endometrium (eMSCs) could retain its marker characterization at various passages in-vitro. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study design was accomplished as follows: The endometrial tissue (n=10) were collected from reproductively active women with a mean age of 35±1.5 and body mass index of 24±1.4, undergoing D&C/hysterectomy. Samples were collected in a sterile manner. The plastic, adherent mesenchymal stem cells obtained from culturing of the cells isolated from endometrial tissue (eMSCs) are characterized for study design was accomplished by characterizing some of the markers such as CD44, CD166, CD106, CD49d, CD31, CD54, CD34, CD117, CD90, CD105, CD73, CD140b, ABCG2 of eMSCs at various passages (P1, P3, P5 & P10) in-vitro using flowcytometry. The obtained results were analysed statistically using student’s t-test and significant results are discussed. \u0000 \u0000 The study identified tissue-specific markers of eMSCs, where the percentage expression of most of the markers was consistently similar at P3 and P10, expect for CD49d and CD54, which showed a reduction pattern and ABCG2, which showed an increase in percentage at P10 as compared to P3. This article reveals the significance of in-depth marker characterization of human endometrial stem cells in-vitro.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85288262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-11DOI: 10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00050
D. Morsi
Occasionally; stem cells are used as a part of therapeutic treatment (e.g., bone marrow transplantation). They can now be isolated into particular cell sorts with characteristics dependable with cells of various tissues, for example, muscles or nerves. Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic cells created have additionally been proposed as promising possibility for future therapies [5]. The classical properties of stem cells:
{"title":"Stem Cell and Toxicology","authors":"D. Morsi","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00050","url":null,"abstract":"Occasionally; stem cells are used as a part of therapeutic treatment (e.g., bone marrow transplantation). They can now be isolated into particular cell sorts with characteristics dependable with cells of various tissues, for example, muscles or nerves. Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic cells created have additionally been proposed as promising possibility for future therapies [5]. The classical properties of stem cells:","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86216752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2016.01.00049
B. Chelluboina, Koteswara Rao Nalamolu, J. Klopfenstein, David Z. Wang, K. Veeravalli
Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative DNA damage plays a critical role in cell death associated with ischemic stroke. Endogenous oxidative DNA damage can be detected in the ischemic brain during the stages that precedes the manifestation of cell death and is believed to trigger cell death via various intracellular signaling pathways. Inhibiting the signaling associated with DNA damage induction or facilitating the signaling associated with the DNA repair process can be neuroprotective against brain injury after ischemic stroke. Recent reports demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCB-MSCs) prevented the upregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway molecules and thereby attenuated the extent of apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia as well as improved the neurological recovery. Therefore, we hypothesized that HUCB-MSCs treatment after focal cerebral ischemia prevents the overexpression of molecules associated with DNA damage induction as well as augments the expression of molecules associated with DNA repair process. In order to test our hypothesis, we administered HUCB-MSCs (0.25x106cells/animal) intravenously via tail vein to male Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to a two-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by one-day reperfusion. Ischemic brain tissues obtained from various groups seven days’ post reperfusion were subjected to DNA damage signaling pathway PCR microarray. Our results demonstrated the induction of both DNA damage inducing and repair genes after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. HUCB-MSCs treatment downregulated the DNA damage inducing genes and upregulated the DNA repair genes without disturbing the endogenous defense mechanisms.
{"title":"Stem cell treatment after ischemic stroke alters the expression of dna damage signaling molecules","authors":"B. Chelluboina, Koteswara Rao Nalamolu, J. Klopfenstein, David Z. Wang, K. Veeravalli","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2016.01.00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2016.01.00049","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative DNA damage plays a critical role in cell death associated with ischemic stroke. Endogenous oxidative DNA damage can be detected in the ischemic brain during the stages that precedes the manifestation of cell death and is believed to trigger cell death via various intracellular signaling pathways. Inhibiting the signaling associated with DNA damage induction or facilitating the signaling associated with the DNA repair process can be neuroprotective against brain injury after ischemic stroke. Recent reports demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCB-MSCs) prevented the upregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway molecules and thereby attenuated the extent of apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia as well as improved the neurological recovery. Therefore, we hypothesized that HUCB-MSCs treatment after focal cerebral ischemia prevents the overexpression of molecules associated with DNA damage induction as well as augments the expression of molecules associated with DNA repair process. In order to test our hypothesis, we administered HUCB-MSCs (0.25x106cells/animal) intravenously via tail vein to male Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to a two-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by one-day reperfusion. Ischemic brain tissues obtained from various groups seven days’ post reperfusion were subjected to DNA damage signaling pathway PCR microarray. Our results demonstrated the induction of both DNA damage inducing and repair genes after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. HUCB-MSCs treatment downregulated the DNA damage inducing genes and upregulated the DNA repair genes without disturbing the endogenous defense mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89588686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2016.01.00048
Rajeswari Jinka, Avinash Raj, S. Gunda, P. Gopal
The focus on Stem cells provides a considerable attention in translational medicine for their potential capacity in terms of tissue regeneration, repair and as drug delivery. Recent evidences showed that stem cells secrete small vesicles into the extracellular milieu, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). They are known to carry a repertoire of mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, proteins, and lipids that can be transferred to neighboring cells, modifying their phenotype as well as the microenvironment. Stem cell-Extracellular vesicles may provide the opportunity to overcome the hurdles or complications raised in stem cell therapeutic strategies. Our data showed that the extracellular vesicles secreted by the spheroids, constituted by the stem cells obtained by the dedifferentiation process are positive for CD133 and negative for the multi-drug resistance and tumorigenecity.
{"title":"Inherent properties of extracellular vesicles collected from re-differentiated cancer stem cells","authors":"Rajeswari Jinka, Avinash Raj, S. Gunda, P. Gopal","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2016.01.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2016.01.00048","url":null,"abstract":"The focus on Stem cells provides a considerable attention in translational medicine for their potential capacity in terms of tissue regeneration, repair and as drug delivery. Recent evidences showed that stem cells secrete small vesicles into the extracellular milieu, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). They are known to carry a repertoire of mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, proteins, and lipids that can be transferred to neighboring cells, modifying their phenotype as well as the microenvironment. Stem cell-Extracellular vesicles may provide the opportunity to overcome the hurdles or complications raised in stem cell therapeutic strategies. Our data showed that the extracellular vesicles secreted by the spheroids, constituted by the stem cells obtained by the dedifferentiation process are positive for CD133 and negative for the multi-drug resistance and tumorigenecity.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"289 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77743196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-29DOI: 10.15406/jsrt.2016.01.00046
Vinita Thakur
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells classified into two groups, a) stem cells from embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of an embryological development and b) stem cells of an adult. Embryonic stem cells are derived from a 4-5 day old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of a development [1]. Adult stem cells exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissues. Adult bone marrow and fat have stem cells along with other tissues [2]. Apart from these two types there is also embryonic germ cells which are collected from the fetus later in developmental process from gonadal ridge [3]. Adult stem cell serve as fresh source of cells in living organism They replace the cells that need to be replaced on regular basis like blood and other connective tissue [4]. Stem cell technology is rapidly growing in the field of regenerative medicine [5]. According to Patil AM, stem cell research has offered a new viable therapeutic option for degenerative diseases, injuries and other diseased condition. Stem cells are called as master cells with ability to grow into more than 200 cell types [6,7]. Based on their capacity to divide and differentiate they may be totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent [5].
{"title":"A comprehensive guide for the stem cell research","authors":"Vinita Thakur","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2016.01.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2016.01.00046","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells are undifferentiated cells classified into two groups, a) stem cells from embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of an embryological development and b) stem cells of an adult. Embryonic stem cells are derived from a 4-5 day old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of a development [1]. Adult stem cells exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissues. Adult bone marrow and fat have stem cells along with other tissues [2]. Apart from these two types there is also embryonic germ cells which are collected from the fetus later in developmental process from gonadal ridge [3]. Adult stem cell serve as fresh source of cells in living organism They replace the cells that need to be replaced on regular basis like blood and other connective tissue [4]. Stem cell technology is rapidly growing in the field of regenerative medicine [5]. According to Patil AM, stem cell research has offered a new viable therapeutic option for degenerative diseases, injuries and other diseased condition. Stem cells are called as master cells with ability to grow into more than 200 cell types [6,7]. Based on their capacity to divide and differentiate they may be totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent [5].","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81119699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：