Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000232
A. Adeboye, M. Ross, M. Wilkerson, A. Springer, H. Ahaneku, Rafeek A. Yusuf, T. Olanipekun, S. McCurdy
Background: In the extremely homophobic conditions in Tanzania and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionate amounts of both HIV infection and psychosocial health problems, but no research has been conducted to examine the synergistic or additive effects of these adversities on their experiences. While the predominantly deficit-based research approach has identified various HIV risks and vulnerabilities, any naturally occurring protective and resilience factors that these men naturally employ to these health-related adversities remain undetermined. Purpose: This study examined the syndemic effects of psychosocial health problems on HIV infection and HIV risk and simultaneously sought to identify any resilience or protective factors that may buffer against the syndemic production of HIV infection and risk behavior among high-risk Tanzanian MSM. These syndemic health problems were coined as SAVID (Substance abuse during condomless sex, childhood and adolescent sexual abuse, violence, internalized homonegativity and depression) Methods: Cross-sectional data on demographic characteristics and HIV prevalence and risks among Tanzanian MSM residing in Dar es Salaam and Tanga were used to examine whether there is a proportional increase in HIV infection and risk as the number of syndemic conditions increases. Logistic regression analysis was used to test for interactions between syndemic conditions and to identify any potential resilience factors as a way of establishing protection against the syndemic production of HIV infection and risk among these men. At the level of interaction between protective resilience factors (moderators)-support, age visibility- and SAVID syndemic; those that reported high social visibility among Acquaintance have lower odds of contracting HIV infection when compared to those that have lower social visibility among acquaintances Results: The results revealed significant additive associations between increasing numbers of SAVID syndemic components and higher rates of HIV infection and risk. Among a variety of identified potential resilience factors, three-functional socio-support, age at self-awareness of sexual orientation and formal social visibility among acquaintances-were found to directly associated with lower odds of contracting HIV infection. At the level of interaction between protective resilience factors (moderators: functional social support, age at awareness of sexual orientation, and formal social visibility among acquaintances) and SAVID syndemics, only those sampled MSM that reported high social visibility among acquaintances had lower odds of contracting HIV infection when compared to sampled MSM that had lower formal social visibility among acquaintances Conclusion: Harnessing naturally-occurring resilience factors through strength-based research approach and innovatively disseminate them through existing secrete social network may be a cost e
{"title":"Resilience Factors as a Buffer against the Effects of Syndemic Conditions on HIV Risk and Infection among Tanzanian MSM","authors":"A. Adeboye, M. Ross, M. Wilkerson, A. Springer, H. Ahaneku, Rafeek A. Yusuf, T. Olanipekun, S. McCurdy","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the extremely homophobic conditions in Tanzania and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionate amounts of both HIV infection and psychosocial health problems, but no research has been conducted to examine the synergistic or additive effects of these adversities on their experiences. While the predominantly deficit-based research approach has identified various HIV risks and vulnerabilities, any naturally occurring protective and resilience factors that these men naturally employ to these health-related adversities remain undetermined. \u0000Purpose: This study examined the syndemic effects of psychosocial health problems on HIV infection and HIV risk and simultaneously sought to identify any resilience or protective factors that may buffer against the syndemic production of HIV infection and risk behavior among high-risk Tanzanian MSM. These syndemic health problems were coined as SAVID (Substance abuse during condomless sex, childhood and adolescent sexual abuse, violence, internalized homonegativity and depression) \u0000Methods: Cross-sectional data on demographic characteristics and HIV prevalence and risks among Tanzanian MSM residing in Dar es Salaam and Tanga were used to examine whether there is a proportional increase in HIV infection and risk as the number of syndemic conditions increases. Logistic regression analysis was used to test for interactions between syndemic conditions and to identify any potential resilience factors as a way of establishing protection against the syndemic production of HIV infection and risk among these men. At the level of interaction between protective resilience factors (moderators)-support, age visibility- and SAVID syndemic; those that reported high social visibility among Acquaintance have lower odds of contracting HIV infection when compared to those that have lower social visibility among acquaintances \u0000Results: The results revealed significant additive associations between increasing numbers of SAVID syndemic components and higher rates of HIV infection and risk. Among a variety of identified potential resilience factors, three-functional socio-support, age at self-awareness of sexual orientation and formal social visibility among acquaintances-were found to directly associated with lower odds of contracting HIV infection. At the level of interaction between protective resilience factors (moderators: functional social support, age at awareness of sexual orientation, and formal social visibility among acquaintances) and SAVID syndemics, only those sampled MSM that reported high social visibility among acquaintances had lower odds of contracting HIV infection when compared to sampled MSM that had lower formal social visibility among acquaintances \u0000Conclusion: Harnessing naturally-occurring resilience factors through strength-based research approach and innovatively disseminate them through existing secrete social network may be a cost e","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41539965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000230
M. Solhi, Mitra Abolfathi, F. Darabi, Nasim Mirzaei, N. Dadgar
Context: The purpose of this study is to review the studies that have used educational intervention in the field of emerging infectious diseases, based on methods, application of models, and theories of health education and health promotion and the effect of interventions on prevention and reducing the incidence of these diseases. Evidence acquisition: Electronic search of databases was performed using the key words in English and Persian. Databases reviewed were, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, Index Copernicus and Cochrane. The databases search was conducted from October 2016 to July 2017. Results: Interventions to Emerging diseases were divided into two types based on use of models and theories of health education and without use of models and theories of health education. In the 16 articles reviewed, 7 studies were conducted based on theories and models of health education, and 9 studies did not use theories and models of health education. Conclusion: Training in the community setting to the analogous groups, time, place, length of intervention and use of modern methods of training, are effective in order to decrease morbidity. Overall, health education, combined with health improvement approaches have a greater impact, in prevention and reducing the incidence of emerging diseases.
{"title":"The Role of Health Education on Emerging Diseases: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Solhi, Mitra Abolfathi, F. Darabi, Nasim Mirzaei, N. Dadgar","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000230","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The purpose of this study is to review the studies that have used educational intervention in the field of emerging infectious diseases, based on methods, application of models, and theories of health education and health promotion and the effect of interventions on prevention and reducing the incidence of these diseases. \u0000Evidence acquisition: Electronic search of databases was performed using the key words in English and Persian. Databases reviewed were, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, Index Copernicus and Cochrane. The databases search was conducted from October 2016 to July 2017. \u0000Results: Interventions to Emerging diseases were divided into two types based on use of models and theories of health education and without use of models and theories of health education. In the 16 articles reviewed, 7 studies were conducted based on theories and models of health education, and 9 studies did not use theories and models of health education. \u0000Conclusion: Training in the community setting to the analogous groups, time, place, length of intervention and use of modern methods of training, are effective in order to decrease morbidity. Overall, health education, combined with health improvement approaches have a greater impact, in prevention and reducing the incidence of emerging diseases.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"2017 1","pages":"01-07"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-08DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000228
Kimberly Scarcelli, L. Hendricks
The concept of a client having both a Substance Abuse Disorder (SAD) as well as a mental disorder is becoming more prevalent with 25 to 33% of all mental health patients considered dual-diagnosed [1]. While counselors are equipped to address one of the disorders in clients readily, the comorbidity creates difficulty in best meeting the client’s needs. The combination of Bipolar and Substance Abuse Disorder in an individual creates two key focal areas to address in counseling that may actually conflict with the other, or in some cases, one disorder may instigate the other. A need exists for both assessments and treatments that address this comorbidity combination. The concept of a client having both a substance abuse disorder as well as a mental disorder becoming more prevalent with 25 to 33% of all mental health patients considered dual-diagnosed [1]. The psychiatric textbooks based their findings on little data and clinical lore [2]. Soon after, epidemiological studies were done on both substance abuse clients as well as those with mental disorders. The studies determined that not only was dual-diagnosis more prevalent, but also that a large number of those that have a mental disorder also have issues with substance use [2]. There are many disorders that can be combined with those that suffer from a substance use disorder (SUD) including eating disorders, gambling, compulsive shopping, and sexual disorders, as well has other physical and psychological disorders. In this paper, the disorders of bipolar and substance abuse will be identified, but also, attention will be given to the comorbid client that suffers from both disorders and potential treatment for this individual.
{"title":"Bipolar and Substance Abuse: The Dual-Diagnosis Client","authors":"Kimberly Scarcelli, L. Hendricks","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a client having both a Substance Abuse Disorder (SAD) as well as a mental disorder is becoming more prevalent with 25 to 33% of all mental health patients considered dual-diagnosed [1]. While counselors are equipped to address one of the disorders in clients readily, the comorbidity creates difficulty in best meeting the client’s needs. The combination of Bipolar and Substance Abuse Disorder in an individual creates two key focal areas to address in counseling that may actually conflict with the other, or in some cases, one disorder may instigate the other. A need exists for both assessments and treatments that address this comorbidity combination. \u0000The concept of a client having both a substance abuse disorder as well as a mental disorder becoming more prevalent with 25 to 33% of all mental health patients considered dual-diagnosed [1]. The psychiatric textbooks based their findings on little data and clinical lore [2]. Soon after, epidemiological studies were done on both substance abuse clients as well as those with mental disorders. The studies determined that not only was dual-diagnosis more prevalent, but also that a large number of those that have a mental disorder also have issues with substance use [2]. There are many disorders that can be combined with those that suffer from a substance use disorder (SUD) including eating disorders, gambling, compulsive shopping, and sexual disorders, as well has other physical and psychological disorders. In this paper, the disorders of bipolar and substance abuse will be identified, but also, attention will be given to the comorbid client that suffers from both disorders and potential treatment for this individual.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000227
Sobia Idrees, N. Shah
Nursing education has direct relationship with quality based clinical practice and standardized care; however, private versus public education makes a difference among the graduates. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, nursing education has been facing numerous challenges with respect of lack of unified policies, absence of strategic planning, and constraint resources. This paper describes comparison between private and public (government) nursing academic institution in Karachi, Pakistan. This paper comprises similarities, differences, strengths, limitations, and challenges of both institutions including their bases and recommendation for possible solution particularly with reference of regulatory body Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
{"title":"Critique on Private and Public Nursing Education in Pakistan","authors":"Sobia Idrees, N. Shah","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000227","url":null,"abstract":"Nursing education has direct relationship with quality based clinical practice and standardized care; however, private versus public education makes a difference among the graduates. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, nursing education has been facing numerous challenges with respect of lack of unified policies, absence of strategic planning, and constraint resources. This paper describes comparison between private and public (government) nursing academic institution in Karachi, Pakistan. This paper comprises similarities, differences, strengths, limitations, and challenges of both institutions including their bases and recommendation for possible solution particularly with reference of regulatory body Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43500753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-21DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000225
Fannah Al Fannah Al Araimi
Objectives: This study aims to investigate likely impact of pre-service IMCI- training on nursing students’ case assessment and management skills. Methods: The study was carried out at Blinded Nursing Institute, Oman in May 2016. We developed a validated four constructs for developing a hypothetical model. The four constructs namely General Skills (GS), Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills (KAS), Confidence Level (CL) and Holistic Treatment Skills (HTS) that were used as latent variables to highlight their likely impact on the formative variable Assessment and Management Skills (AMS). Data were collected through qualitative structured questionnaires designed to measure participants’ opinions about the studied constructs. For data collection purpose, we developed a qualitative questionnaire and invited nursing students to voluntarily take part in the study. The purpose of the study and research details was explained to the potential participants in written. Participants were invited through printed posters in the institute. In response, 114 participants completed the questionnaires. Four respondents did not complete the entire questionnaire consequently they were excluded from the sample. The final sample size of the completed responses was 110 (n=110). Results: We first examined the factor loadings and calculated variances to ensure convergent validity. By exceeding 0.50, all the items in the model loaded well. We then measured the internal consistency reliability among the items through Cronbach’s Alpha that was observed to be 0.694. For all the constructs, the values exceeded the desired value of 0.50. The composite reliability of all the constructs in the model evidently surpassed the recommended value of 0.700. In the cross-loadings, the value of R2 was noted as 0.675 (R2=67.5%). Conclusion: The findings from the structural model support the hypothetical structural model. All the four studied constructs appear to significantly influence case assessment and management skills of pre-service IMCI-trained nursing students.
{"title":"Perceived Impact of Pre-Service Integrated Management of ChildhoodIllness (IMCI) on Case Assessment and Management Skills among NursingStudents","authors":"Fannah Al Fannah Al Araimi","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000225","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to investigate likely impact of pre-service IMCI- training on nursing students’ case assessment and management skills. Methods: The study was carried out at Blinded Nursing Institute, Oman in May 2016. We developed a validated four constructs for developing a hypothetical model. The four constructs namely General Skills (GS), Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills (KAS), Confidence Level (CL) and Holistic Treatment Skills (HTS) that were used as latent variables to highlight their likely impact on the formative variable Assessment and Management Skills (AMS). Data were collected through qualitative structured questionnaires designed to measure participants’ opinions about the studied constructs. For data collection purpose, we developed a qualitative questionnaire and invited nursing students to voluntarily take part in the study. The purpose of the study and research details was explained to the potential participants in written. Participants were invited through printed posters in the institute. In response, 114 participants completed the questionnaires. Four respondents did not complete the entire questionnaire consequently they were excluded from the sample. The final sample size of the completed responses was 110 (n=110). Results: We first examined the factor loadings and calculated variances to ensure convergent validity. By exceeding 0.50, all the items in the model loaded well. We then measured the internal consistency reliability among the items through Cronbach’s Alpha that was observed to be 0.694. For all the constructs, the values exceeded the desired value of 0.50. The composite reliability of all the constructs in the model evidently surpassed the recommended value of 0.700. In the cross-loadings, the value of R2 was noted as 0.675 (R2=67.5%). Conclusion: The findings from the structural model support the hypothetical structural model. All the four studied constructs appear to significantly influence case assessment and management skills of pre-service IMCI-trained nursing students.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41968923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000223
B. Suliman
The paper aims to identify the current situation, in terms of curriculum structure and assessment methods, to prepare the College of Applied Medical Sciences at Taibah University to meet the requirements of the educational framework implemented by the National Commission for Accreditation and Assessment (NCAAA). It proposes the required steps for the college to achieve the accreditation based on a descriptive analysis of its current educational contents and assessment criteria. The study aims to serve as a guide for similar educational institutions in the region and a reflection on common practices that might hinder the accreditation process. The paper was based on an exploratory approach to evaluate the readiness of the College of Applied Medical Sciences at Taibah University for the educational framework implemented by the National Commission for Accreditation and Assessment. It provides a practical overview of the structural preparation of the curriculum and the administrational steps needed to accompany such change and then it discusses the reasons on why the reforms was needed and how the educational practices in a college should proceed to satisfy the qualification framework used in NCAAA accreditation in Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Educational Reform: A Journey Towards Accreditation","authors":"B. Suliman","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to identify the current situation, in terms of curriculum structure and assessment methods, to prepare the College of Applied Medical Sciences at Taibah University to meet the requirements of the educational framework implemented by the National Commission for Accreditation and Assessment (NCAAA). It proposes the required steps for the college to achieve the accreditation based on a descriptive analysis of its current educational contents and assessment criteria. The study aims to serve as a guide for similar educational institutions in the region and a reflection on common practices that might hinder the accreditation process. The paper was based on an exploratory approach to evaluate the readiness of the College of Applied Medical Sciences at Taibah University for the educational framework implemented by the National Commission for Accreditation and Assessment. It provides a practical overview of the structural preparation of the curriculum and the administrational steps needed to accompany such change and then it discusses the reasons on why the reforms was needed and how the educational practices in a college should proceed to satisfy the qualification framework used in NCAAA accreditation in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42753334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000226
S. Langrial, Fannah Al Fannah Al Araimi
Objective: This study aimed to examine users’ perception on a persuasive information system-based intervention for child healthcare through a research model that was developed using five pre-defined constructs. Methods: The study was carried out at Blinded, Oman in June 2017. Using five pre-defined constructs, a research model was developed. The constructs were used as latent variables to examine their likely impact on users’ perceptions and intentions to use a persuasive intervention for child healthcare. A structured questionnaire was validated and distributed among 150 participants to access their perceptions. Factor loadings and calculated variances were used to ensure validity and reliability of the research model. In addition, Cronbach’s Alpha was employed to measure the internal consistency and reliability. Results: Factor loadings and calculated variances for each item (per construct) were greater than 0.700 and 0.500 respectively. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values were above 0.635. The discriminant validity of all the correlations was below the desirable HTMT value of 0.90. Analyses of path coefficients and outer loadings indicate that Perceived Usefulness (p<0.001), Content of Intervention (p<0.050), Perceived Credibility (p<0.050) and Perceived Usefulness (p<0.050) can have a significant influence on Intention to Use the Intervention. Conclusions: The findings support the studied research model and indicate that users perceive an intervention to be persuasive given that it credible and its content is meaningful. When users perceive an intervention as being credible and useful, it develops their intention to actually use it in real life.
{"title":"Users’ Perceptions on a Persuasive Information System-Based Intervention for Child Healthcare: A Trial Study","authors":"S. Langrial, Fannah Al Fannah Al Araimi","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to examine users’ perception on a persuasive information system-based intervention for child healthcare through a research model that was developed using five pre-defined constructs. Methods: The study was carried out at Blinded, Oman in June 2017. Using five pre-defined constructs, a research model was developed. The constructs were used as latent variables to examine their likely impact on users’ perceptions and intentions to use a persuasive intervention for child healthcare. A structured questionnaire was validated and distributed among 150 participants to access their perceptions. Factor loadings and calculated variances were used to ensure validity and reliability of the research model. In addition, Cronbach’s Alpha was employed to measure the internal consistency and reliability. Results: Factor loadings and calculated variances for each item (per construct) were greater than 0.700 and 0.500 respectively. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values were above 0.635. The discriminant validity of all the correlations was below the desirable HTMT value of 0.90. Analyses of path coefficients and outer loadings indicate that Perceived Usefulness (p<0.001), Content of Intervention (p<0.050), Perceived Credibility (p<0.050) and Perceived Usefulness (p<0.050) can have a significant influence on Intention to Use the Intervention. Conclusions: The findings support the studied research model and indicate that users perceive an intervention to be persuasive given that it credible and its content is meaningful. When users perceive an intervention as being credible and useful, it develops their intention to actually use it in real life.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41705644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000224
E. B. Cardoso, F. Schilling
As an illness, cancer is strongly established in the social imagination. Individuals build ideas from medical, social, and media discourses, which makes it sometimes difficult for them to comprehend the subject. Educational interventions have focused on disseminating information concerning the disease but have remained indifferent to its social connotations. The present study aimed to identify the presence and temporal change of the social representations about cancer among 980 adolescents from Brazilian public and private schools. To this end, a voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was applied so that a quantitative and statistical evaluation could be performed. In general, the results indicate that negative social representations concerning the disease predominate in younger age groups. This tendency is gradually reduced as students grow older. Social representations are not static but change structurally, depending on the surroundings and social contexts. Family, the media, and teachers are the main sources of information. In this context, a pessimistic view regarding the disease is prevalent among men. Generally, the disease is seen from three perspectives. “Destruction” centers on statements concerning death, especially when a family member or friend has the disease. The “incurability” perspective associated with death is equally divided among the opinions on the binomials of life/death and heal/get sick. Finally, “resolution” or cure depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Although there is a consensus at this aspect, most perceptions describe the disease as negative, responsible for the loss of hair and weigh, being more severe in females and occasionally associated with a divine punishment. The obscure logic of contagion appears in the discourse of lay people as a possible means of transmission. These findings reflect the unique structure of the representations in a population of adolescents, which in some cases, may hinder an understanding of the benefits of preventive behaviour.
{"title":"Social Representations of Cancer in the Perception of Students WhoAttend Brazilian Public Schools","authors":"E. B. Cardoso, F. Schilling","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"As an illness, cancer is strongly established in the social imagination. Individuals build ideas from medical, social, and media discourses, which makes it sometimes difficult for them to comprehend the subject. Educational interventions have focused on disseminating information concerning the disease but have remained indifferent to its social connotations. The present study aimed to identify the presence and temporal change of the social representations about cancer among 980 adolescents from Brazilian public and private schools. To this end, a voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was applied so that a quantitative and statistical evaluation could be performed. In general, the results indicate that negative social representations concerning the disease predominate in younger age groups. This tendency is gradually reduced as students grow older. Social representations are not static but change structurally, depending on the surroundings and social contexts. Family, the media, and teachers are the main sources of information. In this context, a pessimistic view regarding the disease is prevalent among men. Generally, the disease is seen from three perspectives. “Destruction” centers on statements concerning death, especially when a family member or friend has the disease. The “incurability” perspective associated with death is equally divided among the opinions on the binomials of life/death and heal/get sick. Finally, “resolution” or cure depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Although there is a consensus at this aspect, most perceptions describe the disease as negative, responsible for the loss of hair and weigh, being more severe in females and occasionally associated with a divine punishment. The obscure logic of contagion appears in the discourse of lay people as a possible means of transmission. These findings reflect the unique structure of the representations in a population of adolescents, which in some cases, may hinder an understanding of the benefits of preventive behaviour.","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000221
M. Mohammadhassan
{"title":"Strategies of Improving the Nursing Practice in Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Mohammadhassan","doi":"10.4172/2380-5439.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of health education research & development","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2380-5439.1000221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45734598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000220
M. TeresaIglesias
Objective: The aim of the study was to know dietary habits and nutritional knowledge of women nursing students. Material and methods: Participants of the study were a random sample composed of 200 female students of health sciences. This sample represented the 95% of total, and the 5% was excluded (men and chronic illness). We studied three-day record study, including a weekend. At the same time, we measured the weight, the height, diameter of hip and diameter of waist. Results: The energy intake was 1720 Kcal/day, and as in similar studies the % energy from fat and proteins was higher than % energy from carbohydrates. Statured fatty acid intake was statistically significant higher than recommendations. Body mass index (BMI) was normal in 81.1% of women (21.3 Kg/m2). The rest was 10% underweight and 8.9% had overweight/obesity. Conclusions: This information provided by this study, should be used in order to improve Nutritional studies in nursing schools.
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