Chasika Prematunga, S. Boonmee, E. Jones, Mark S. Calabon
Abstract Neocamarosporium aquaticum, collected from a drift dead stem of a halophyte at the Kench Nature Reserve, Hayling Island, UK, is described as a new species in the family Neocamarosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes. Multi-locus analyses based on LSU, SSU, ITS rDNA, and EF1-α placed the new fungus as a distinct species in the genus Neocamarosporium, a sister to Neocamarosporium aesturinum isolated from seawater. The new species is characterized by the asexual morph with pycnidial conidiomata, doliiform, enteroblastic, annellidic conidiogenous cells, and conidia that are initially hyaline, aseptate, with longitudinal and transverse septa when matured, muriform, and turning brown to dark brown on maturity. Neocamarosporium aquaticum and Ne. aesturinum differ in the colour of the conidia, degree of septation, and conidial measurements.
{"title":"Neocamarosporium aquaticum (Neocamarosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes), a novel fungus from salt marsh habitats","authors":"Chasika Prematunga, S. Boonmee, E. Jones, Mark S. Calabon","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neocamarosporium aquaticum, collected from a drift dead stem of a halophyte at the Kench Nature Reserve, Hayling Island, UK, is described as a new species in the family Neocamarosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes. Multi-locus analyses based on LSU, SSU, ITS rDNA, and EF1-α placed the new fungus as a distinct species in the genus Neocamarosporium, a sister to Neocamarosporium aesturinum isolated from seawater. The new species is characterized by the asexual morph with pycnidial conidiomata, doliiform, enteroblastic, annellidic conidiogenous cells, and conidia that are initially hyaline, aseptate, with longitudinal and transverse septa when matured, muriform, and turning brown to dark brown on maturity. Neocamarosporium aquaticum and Ne. aesturinum differ in the colour of the conidia, degree of septation, and conidial measurements.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42569045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianying Wen, G. Zuccarello, Eunyoung Shim, S. Kim, G. Kim
Abstract Four species of Erythrotrichia (E. biseriata, E. reflexa, E. tetraseriata, E. carnea) have been reported in Korea, but phylogenetic studies have not been conducted on them. We analyzed two newly collected Erythrotrichia isolates using rbcL DNA sequences and determined their species status using four DNA-based species delimitation methods. One isolate (KNU-1) grouped with E. carnea in three methods: Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning, both single-threshold and multiple-threshold general mixed yule coalescent, but grouped as a distinct species in the statistical parsimony network analysis. A second isolate (KNU-2) was considered a distinct species in all the above species-delimitation methods. We propose the name, Erythrotrichia johnawestii sp. nov., for this new species. The new species was different from E. carnea in lacking a thick outer cell wall layer and with a smaller cell size. Mature monosporangia produced raised openings that released monospores. Cell walls were not detected in newly released monospores but began to appear when the spore attached to the substratum and produced rhizoids. Sexual reproduction was not observed during the four-year culture period.
{"title":"A new species of the red alga Erythrotrichia (Erythropeltales, Rhodophyta) from Korea: Erythrotrichia johnawestii sp. nov. and observations in culture","authors":"Xianying Wen, G. Zuccarello, Eunyoung Shim, S. Kim, G. Kim","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Four species of Erythrotrichia (E. biseriata, E. reflexa, E. tetraseriata, E. carnea) have been reported in Korea, but phylogenetic studies have not been conducted on them. We analyzed two newly collected Erythrotrichia isolates using rbcL DNA sequences and determined their species status using four DNA-based species delimitation methods. One isolate (KNU-1) grouped with E. carnea in three methods: Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning, both single-threshold and multiple-threshold general mixed yule coalescent, but grouped as a distinct species in the statistical parsimony network analysis. A second isolate (KNU-2) was considered a distinct species in all the above species-delimitation methods. We propose the name, Erythrotrichia johnawestii sp. nov., for this new species. The new species was different from E. carnea in lacking a thick outer cell wall layer and with a smaller cell size. Mature monosporangia produced raised openings that released monospores. Cell walls were not detected in newly released monospores but began to appear when the spore attached to the substratum and produced rhizoids. Sexual reproduction was not observed during the four-year culture period.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"201 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45815897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Nguyen, Nhu-Thuy Nguyen-Nhat, XUAN-THUY Nguyen, T. Nguyen, Si Hai Trinh Truong, V. Dao, A. Do, K. McDERMID
Abstract Halymenia malaysiana, one of the foliose species of Halymenia was first reported from Malaysia and showed some morphological features that distinguish it from sister species, such as Halymenia dilatata, Halymenia maculata, and Halymenia porphyraeformis. In this study, Halymenia samples were collected from nine locations along the coast of Viet Nam (8°–17°N) in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Morphological observations indicated that almost all samples were Halymenia malaysiana which was supported by two genetic markers, rbcL and COI-5P. However, the presence of Halymenia dilatata in Viet Nam is still unresolved. Based on rbcL, the common haplotype in Viet Nam was R1 as in Malaysia and three new haplotypes were added to H. malaysiana for Southeast Asia. Genetic differences were evident between the Sunda Shelf (Viet Nam and Malaysia) populations and those in Philippine waters. We suggest that a combination of morphology and molecular data would be useful to accurately assess the species diversity and phylogeography of Halymenia in Viet Nam and Southeast Asia region.
{"title":"New record of Halymenia malaysiana (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Viet Nam, and its genetic diversity in the western Pacific","authors":"X. Nguyen, Nhu-Thuy Nguyen-Nhat, XUAN-THUY Nguyen, T. Nguyen, Si Hai Trinh Truong, V. Dao, A. Do, K. McDERMID","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Halymenia malaysiana, one of the foliose species of Halymenia was first reported from Malaysia and showed some morphological features that distinguish it from sister species, such as Halymenia dilatata, Halymenia maculata, and Halymenia porphyraeformis. In this study, Halymenia samples were collected from nine locations along the coast of Viet Nam (8°–17°N) in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Morphological observations indicated that almost all samples were Halymenia malaysiana which was supported by two genetic markers, rbcL and COI-5P. However, the presence of Halymenia dilatata in Viet Nam is still unresolved. Based on rbcL, the common haplotype in Viet Nam was R1 as in Malaysia and three new haplotypes were added to H. malaysiana for Southeast Asia. Genetic differences were evident between the Sunda Shelf (Viet Nam and Malaysia) populations and those in Philippine waters. We suggest that a combination of morphology and molecular data would be useful to accurately assess the species diversity and phylogeography of Halymenia in Viet Nam and Southeast Asia region.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"113 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47037071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos A. RUIZ-MEDINA, B. Fernández-Marín, M. Sansón, C. Sangil, Á. M. González-Rodríguez
Abstract Populations inhabiting the periphery of a species’ distribution suffer the immediate pressure of the environmental changes. Studying their physiology under stressful conditions is essential in the context of climate change. We characterized two morphotypes with measurements of length, thickness and width of the thallus of the macroalga Fucus guiryi in two localities (north and south) in Tenerife (Canary Islands), the southern limit of distribution of the species. We hypothesized that the individuals from the north locality, especially the large morphotype, would be more vulnerable to desiccation and high temperatures than those from the south. Tolerance to desiccation was tested through two long desiccation experiments and by comparing the vegetative and reproductive blades. Tolerance to high temperatures was tested by keeping the individuals in seawater (26–32 °C) for 24 h. The recovery of physiological functions after the stressful conditions was estimated through maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII. Results indicate that both of the two morphometrically differentiated morphotypes were tolerant to prolonged desiccation; however, the small one was more affected, particularly in the northern locality. The reproductive blades were hardly affected, indicating greater tolerance to desiccation than the vegetative blades. Fucus guiryi showed tolerance to high temperatures (32 °C) suggesting plasticity to future warming scenarios.
{"title":"Desiccation and thermo-tolerance of Fucus guiryi (Phaeophyceae) from its southernmost populations (Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic)","authors":"Marcos A. RUIZ-MEDINA, B. Fernández-Marín, M. Sansón, C. Sangil, Á. M. González-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1515/bot-2021-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2021-0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Populations inhabiting the periphery of a species’ distribution suffer the immediate pressure of the environmental changes. Studying their physiology under stressful conditions is essential in the context of climate change. We characterized two morphotypes with measurements of length, thickness and width of the thallus of the macroalga Fucus guiryi in two localities (north and south) in Tenerife (Canary Islands), the southern limit of distribution of the species. We hypothesized that the individuals from the north locality, especially the large morphotype, would be more vulnerable to desiccation and high temperatures than those from the south. Tolerance to desiccation was tested through two long desiccation experiments and by comparing the vegetative and reproductive blades. Tolerance to high temperatures was tested by keeping the individuals in seawater (26–32 °C) for 24 h. The recovery of physiological functions after the stressful conditions was estimated through maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII. Results indicate that both of the two morphometrically differentiated morphotypes were tolerant to prolonged desiccation; however, the small one was more affected, particularly in the northern locality. The reproductive blades were hardly affected, indicating greater tolerance to desiccation than the vegetative blades. Fucus guiryi showed tolerance to high temperatures (32 °C) suggesting plasticity to future warming scenarios.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"99 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44036002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ballantine, J. N. Norris, Gabriel Johnson, Hector Ruiz
Abstract A new subtidal species of Dasya is reported from offshore algal plains of Puerto Rico and Grenada in the Caribbean. Closely invested with pigmented lateral branchlets giving the alga a shaggy appearance, the species bears close resemblance and genetic affinity to the Bermudian Dasya cryptica and a superficial resemblance to Pacific D. anastomosans. The new species differs from all known Atlantic congeners as well as non-Atlantic members of the “Dasya cryptica complex” both genetically and in possessing rhizoids among its pericentral and enlarged inner cortical cells.
{"title":"Dasya hispida sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico and Grenada, Caribbean Sea","authors":"D. Ballantine, J. N. Norris, Gabriel Johnson, Hector Ruiz","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new subtidal species of Dasya is reported from offshore algal plains of Puerto Rico and Grenada in the Caribbean. Closely invested with pigmented lateral branchlets giving the alga a shaggy appearance, the species bears close resemblance and genetic affinity to the Bermudian Dasya cryptica and a superficial resemblance to Pacific D. anastomosans. The new species differs from all known Atlantic congeners as well as non-Atlantic members of the “Dasya cryptica complex” both genetically and in possessing rhizoids among its pericentral and enlarged inner cortical cells.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"125 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48647474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinuhé Hernández-Márquez, María Eugenia Zamudio-Reséndiz, M. L. Núñez-Reséndiz, Alexis Escarcega-Bata, A. Sentíes
Abstract The diatom Minutocellus polymorphus is a widely studied species because it is an ideal model for toxicity tests since it grows rapidly. Although the gross morphology has been extensively described, the ultrastructural characters associated with its importance, are unknown. It is also the only species in the genus that has been documented in the North American Atlantic, but unknown on the Eastern Pacific coasts. In a collection made in Acapulco Bay, Guerrero, Mexico, cells morphologically identical to M. polymorphus were isolated. From cultures and observations in transmission electron microscope, a first description of the ultrastructure of the genus is provided, and from sequences of 18S, we confirmed its taxonomic identity as M. polymorphus. However, more detailed studies are needed to continue increasing the knowledge about the ultrastructure of diatoms on the Mexican Pacific coasts, where they are previously unknown.
{"title":"Ultrastructural characterization of Minutocellus polymorphus (Cymatosiraceae, Bacillariophyta) and first record from the Eastern Pacific","authors":"Sinuhé Hernández-Márquez, María Eugenia Zamudio-Reséndiz, M. L. Núñez-Reséndiz, Alexis Escarcega-Bata, A. Sentíes","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diatom Minutocellus polymorphus is a widely studied species because it is an ideal model for toxicity tests since it grows rapidly. Although the gross morphology has been extensively described, the ultrastructural characters associated with its importance, are unknown. It is also the only species in the genus that has been documented in the North American Atlantic, but unknown on the Eastern Pacific coasts. In a collection made in Acapulco Bay, Guerrero, Mexico, cells morphologically identical to M. polymorphus were isolated. From cultures and observations in transmission electron microscope, a first description of the ultrastructure of the genus is provided, and from sequences of 18S, we confirmed its taxonomic identity as M. polymorphus. However, more detailed studies are needed to continue increasing the knowledge about the ultrastructure of diatoms on the Mexican Pacific coasts, where they are previously unknown.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"141 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pang, I-An Chen, Michael Wai-Lun Chiang, Ami Shaumi, S. Hsieh, Sheng-Yu Guo
Abstract This study investigated the morphological diversity of arenicolous marine fungi (only those forming fruiting bodies on sand grains) at 11 sandy beaches in Taiwan. The species of Corollospora were identified by ascospore morphology and confirmed through a phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA with other published sequences. The phylogenetic analysis revealed four previously unknown clades of Corollospora spp. related to C. portsaidica, while differences in ascospore morphology of the isolates in these four clades were observed. A total of 13 species of arenicolous marine fungi was identified from the 11 sandy beaches, including two Arenariomyces spp., nine Corollospora spp. (including four unknown Corollospora clades), Kohlmeyeriella crassa and Carbosphaerella cf sp. Taan Beach had the highest species richness (eight species), followed by Yongzhen Sea Park and Pisirian (five species each). The Shannon’s diversity index revealed the highest diversity at Taan Beach (1.51) over Pisirian (1.44), but the diversity was more even at the latter site (Pielou’s evenness index = 0.9) compared with the former (0.73). Non-metric multidimensional scaling suggests that there was generally a divide in the fungal community composition between the east and the west coasts of Taiwan.
{"title":"Arenicolous marine fungi of sandy beaches of Taiwan","authors":"K. Pang, I-An Chen, Michael Wai-Lun Chiang, Ami Shaumi, S. Hsieh, Sheng-Yu Guo","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the morphological diversity of arenicolous marine fungi (only those forming fruiting bodies on sand grains) at 11 sandy beaches in Taiwan. The species of Corollospora were identified by ascospore morphology and confirmed through a phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA with other published sequences. The phylogenetic analysis revealed four previously unknown clades of Corollospora spp. related to C. portsaidica, while differences in ascospore morphology of the isolates in these four clades were observed. A total of 13 species of arenicolous marine fungi was identified from the 11 sandy beaches, including two Arenariomyces spp., nine Corollospora spp. (including four unknown Corollospora clades), Kohlmeyeriella crassa and Carbosphaerella cf sp. Taan Beach had the highest species richness (eight species), followed by Yongzhen Sea Park and Pisirian (five species each). The Shannon’s diversity index revealed the highest diversity at Taan Beach (1.51) over Pisirian (1.44), but the diversity was more even at the latter site (Pielou’s evenness index = 0.9) compared with the former (0.73). Non-metric multidimensional scaling suggests that there was generally a divide in the fungal community composition between the east and the west coasts of Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"131 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47908789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Hurd, Jeffrey T. Wright, C. Layton, E. Strain, Damon Britton, W. Visch, N. Barrett, S. Bennett, K. J. L. Chang, G. Edgar, J. Fitton, D. Greeno, I. Jameson, C. Johnson, S. Karpiniec, G. Kraft, S. Ling, C. Macleod, Ellie R. Paine, A. Park, J. C. Sanderson, M. Schmid, F. Scott, Victor Shelamoff, D. Stringer, M. Tatsumi, C. White, Anusuya Willis
Abstract Tasmania is an island state in south-eastern Australia that has a long and rich history of seaweed use, research, and development. It is a cool-temperate system with 750 macroalgal species currently described. Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples have lived on this land for at least 40,000 years utilising seaweed as food, shelter, water carriers and medicine, as well as for ceremonial reasons. Modern taxonomic investigations began with French naturalist Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière in 1791, and there are 184 type specimens of seaweeds originating from Tasmania. Ecological and physiological studies of seaweed in Tasmania have focussed on the dominant large brown seaweeds (Laminariales and Fucales) and have contributed significantly to the global understanding of these systems, particularly related to community resilience, seaweed-urchin interactions, their habitat-forming role for other species, responses to global change, and restoration of lost habitat. Ocean warming and changing oceanography have caused a 95% decline in surface canopy cover of Macrocystis pyrifera in eastern Tasmania since the 1950s and led to a focus on restoring these lost forests. Tasmanian seaweed communities have a uniquely high proportion (up to ∼90%) of seaweeds that rely solely on CO2 for photosynthesis, which has implications for responses to ocean acidification. Tasmania has industries that use brown seaweeds for fucoidan extraction and beach-cast harvest for alginates, fertilisers, and feeds for agriculture. New aquaculture initiatives include integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, offshore kelp mariculture and Asparagopsis cultivation for bioactive products to reduce methane emissions in ruminants, as and the development of unexploited species including Caulerpa spp. for food.
塔斯马尼亚州是澳大利亚东南部的一个岛国，在海藻的使用、研究和开发方面有着悠久而丰富的历史。它是一个低温温带系统，目前描述了750种大型藻类。塔斯马尼亚土著居民在这片土地上生活了至少4万年，他们将海藻作为食物、住所、水载体和药物，也有仪式上的原因。法国博物学家Jacques-Julien Houtou de La billardi于1791年开始对其进行现代分类调查，目前已有184种源自塔斯马尼亚的海藻类型标本。塔斯马尼亚州海藻的生态和生理研究主要集中在占主导地位的大型棕色海藻(海带和Fucales)上，并对这些系统的全球理解做出了重大贡献，特别是与群落恢复力、海藻-海胆相互作用、它们对其他物种的栖息地形成作用、对全球变化的响应以及丧失栖息地的恢复有关。自20世纪50年代以来，海洋变暖和海洋学的变化导致塔斯马尼亚东部的巨囊藻(Macrocystis pyrifera)地表树冠覆盖率下降了95%，并导致人们关注恢复这些消失的森林。塔斯马尼亚的海藻群落具有独特的高比例(高达90%)的海藻，它们完全依赖二氧化碳进行光合作用，这对海洋酸化的响应具有影响。塔斯马尼亚州的工业利用棕色海藻提取岩藻糖胶，并利用海滩抛掷收获海藻酸盐、肥料和农业饲料。新的水产养殖举措包括综合多营养水产养殖、近海海带养殖和用于生物活性产品的天冬酰胺养殖，以减少反刍动物的甲烷排放，以及开发未开发的食物物种，包括Caulerpa spp.。
{"title":"From Tasmania to the world: long and strong traditions in seaweed use, research, and development","authors":"C. Hurd, Jeffrey T. Wright, C. Layton, E. Strain, Damon Britton, W. Visch, N. Barrett, S. Bennett, K. J. L. Chang, G. Edgar, J. Fitton, D. Greeno, I. Jameson, C. Johnson, S. Karpiniec, G. Kraft, S. Ling, C. Macleod, Ellie R. Paine, A. Park, J. C. Sanderson, M. Schmid, F. Scott, Victor Shelamoff, D. Stringer, M. Tatsumi, C. White, Anusuya Willis","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tasmania is an island state in south-eastern Australia that has a long and rich history of seaweed use, research, and development. It is a cool-temperate system with 750 macroalgal species currently described. Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples have lived on this land for at least 40,000 years utilising seaweed as food, shelter, water carriers and medicine, as well as for ceremonial reasons. Modern taxonomic investigations began with French naturalist Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière in 1791, and there are 184 type specimens of seaweeds originating from Tasmania. Ecological and physiological studies of seaweed in Tasmania have focussed on the dominant large brown seaweeds (Laminariales and Fucales) and have contributed significantly to the global understanding of these systems, particularly related to community resilience, seaweed-urchin interactions, their habitat-forming role for other species, responses to global change, and restoration of lost habitat. Ocean warming and changing oceanography have caused a 95% decline in surface canopy cover of Macrocystis pyrifera in eastern Tasmania since the 1950s and led to a focus on restoring these lost forests. Tasmanian seaweed communities have a uniquely high proportion (up to ∼90%) of seaweeds that rely solely on CO2 for photosynthesis, which has implications for responses to ocean acidification. Tasmania has industries that use brown seaweeds for fucoidan extraction and beach-cast harvest for alginates, fertilisers, and feeds for agriculture. New aquaculture initiatives include integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, offshore kelp mariculture and Asparagopsis cultivation for bioactive products to reduce methane emissions in ruminants, as and the development of unexploited species including Caulerpa spp. for food.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"66 1","pages":"1 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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