Pub Date : 2017-03-14DOI: 10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00147
Eloke Onyebuchi
{"title":"Applying E-Health to Promote Youth Global Platform on HIV/AIDS-My Goodwill Message to the Stakeholders Meeting in Abuja","authors":"Eloke Onyebuchi","doi":"10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46762653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-07DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00146
Saliha Khalid, A. Bukhari, S. Azhar, Nidda Saeed, S. Manzoor, Huma Syed, F. M. Khan, A. Syed, S. A. Ali, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Saleem Kamboh
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental conditions worldwide affecting the general population. Students are presumably prone to this condition because of academic and personal stressors. Depressed students employ a variety of coping methods to deal with their condition. A prospective study was conducted by stratified random sampling in which questionnaire was distributed randomly to 196 undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students out of 401 registered students of the pharmacy department of the institution. The study estimated the incidence of depression using CES-D scale and determined different coping styles used by depressed university scholars with the help of 28-item Brief Cope inventory. Various academic and personal stressors were also identified. Overall, (118) 60% university scholars were depressed. Female students were more depressed than male students. Assignments, frequent examination and quizzes were the major stressors for the students. Religion and substance use were the most and least commonly used coping methods for depression, respectively. Measures should be taken by the institution to routinely assess the mental health status of students and health promotional programs should be initiated for improving the personal and professional life of university scholars.
{"title":"Incidence of Depression and the Coping Styles used for it by Under Graduate and Post Graduate Pharmacystudents: A Comparison","authors":"Saliha Khalid, A. Bukhari, S. Azhar, Nidda Saeed, S. Manzoor, Huma Syed, F. M. Khan, A. Syed, S. A. Ali, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Saleem Kamboh","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00146","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is one of the most prevalent mental conditions worldwide affecting the general population. Students are presumably prone to this condition because of academic and personal stressors. Depressed students employ a variety of coping methods to deal with their condition. A prospective study was conducted by stratified random sampling in which questionnaire was distributed randomly to 196 undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students out of 401 registered students of the pharmacy department of the institution. The study estimated the incidence of depression using CES-D scale and determined different coping styles used by depressed university scholars with the help of 28-item Brief Cope inventory. Various academic and personal stressors were also identified. Overall, (118) 60% university scholars were depressed. Female students were more depressed than male students. Assignments, frequent examination and quizzes were the major stressors for the students. Religion and substance use were the most and least commonly used coping methods for depression, respectively. Measures should be taken by the institution to routinely assess the mental health status of students and health promotional programs should be initiated for improving the personal and professional life of university scholars.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49142465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-10DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00145
Goreti Atieno Omolo, H. Nitschko, R. Lwembe, A. Maiyo, E. Odari
The loop-amplification mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) presents characteristics that overcome the limitations associated with the Current limitations of nucleic acid based technologies (NATs) hinder their use in the low resource settings hence overreliance on serological assays which miss hepatitis C virus (HCV) during the long seroconversion period. The LAMP assay would be ideal for early detection of HCV in routine diagnostics and blood transfusion setups in such settings drastically reducing transmission related transfusion. This study validated and tested a reverse transcriptase-LAMP for HCV detection under limited logistical conditions in a low resource setting. Under stringent laboratory conditions, analytical sensitivity and reproducibility were performed using a panel of HCV positive plasma of genotypes 1a, 1b, mixed 1a/1b, 2b, 3a and 4. Cell culture supernatants of HIV-1 B and plasma samples for Hepatitis B virus were used for specificity testing. Upto 227 plasma including 70 (40 RNA positive and 30 negative) from German patients and 157 (43 RNA positive and 114 negative) from Kenyan patients were tested. Kenyan samples were obtained from 121 sero-positive plasma screened from 1121 participants of various cohorts in Kenya. Although LAMP detected upto 102 IU/mL for genotypes 1a, 1b and 2b, a lower detection threshold was established at 103 IU/mL. Overall sensitivity was 94% (PPV 98%) and specificity was 98% (NPV 96%) for RT-LAMP. Sub optimal detection was noted for genotypes 2b, 3a and 4. Sequence analysis revealed mismatches affecting stringency of primer binding at the F1, B1 and the LB primer targets. RT-LAMP shows potential for early HCV diagnosis and screening in low resource settings. Its robustness is however genotype dependent and can be enhanced by designing primers targeting circulating and suspected genotypes. More studies should be done on the possibility of designing multiplex RT-LAMP primers to capture a wide variety of genotypes. The assay remains simple, rapid, and cost effective for nucleic acid detection and is ideal for use in the limited resource settings.
{"title":"Evaluation of A Reverse Transcriptase (Rt) Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay For Detection Hepatitis C Genotypes 1-4 Viruses Under Limited Logistical Conditions","authors":"Goreti Atieno Omolo, H. Nitschko, R. Lwembe, A. Maiyo, E. Odari","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00145","url":null,"abstract":"The loop-amplification mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) presents characteristics that overcome the limitations associated with the Current limitations of nucleic acid based technologies (NATs) hinder their use in the low resource settings hence overreliance on serological assays which miss hepatitis C virus (HCV) during the long seroconversion period. The LAMP assay would be ideal for early detection of HCV in routine diagnostics and blood transfusion setups in such settings drastically reducing transmission related transfusion. This study validated and tested a reverse transcriptase-LAMP for HCV detection under limited logistical conditions in a low resource setting. \u0000 \u0000 Under stringent laboratory conditions, analytical sensitivity and reproducibility were performed using a panel of HCV positive plasma of genotypes 1a, 1b, mixed 1a/1b, 2b, 3a and 4. Cell culture supernatants of HIV-1 B and plasma samples for Hepatitis B virus were used for specificity testing. Upto 227 plasma including 70 (40 RNA positive and 30 negative) from German patients and 157 (43 RNA positive and 114 negative) from Kenyan patients were tested. Kenyan samples were obtained from 121 sero-positive plasma screened from 1121 participants of various cohorts in Kenya. \u0000 \u0000 Although LAMP detected upto 102 IU/mL for genotypes 1a, 1b and 2b, a lower detection threshold was established at 103 IU/mL. Overall sensitivity was 94% (PPV 98%) and specificity was 98% (NPV 96%) for RT-LAMP. Sub optimal detection was noted for genotypes 2b, 3a and 4. Sequence analysis revealed mismatches affecting stringency of primer binding at the F1, B1 and the LB primer targets. \u0000 \u0000 RT-LAMP shows potential for early HCV diagnosis and screening in low resource settings. Its robustness is however genotype dependent and can be enhanced by designing primers targeting circulating and suspected genotypes. More studies should be done on the possibility of designing multiplex RT-LAMP primers to capture a wide variety of genotypes. The assay remains simple, rapid, and cost effective for nucleic acid detection and is ideal for use in the limited resource settings.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-09DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00144
El-Adly Am, Wardany Aa
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the hepatitis viruses that transmitted through bl?od or bl?od products. HCV has been implicated as a major reason of chronic liver disease and hepat?cellular carcinoma worldwide. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies among community in Luxor governorate, Egypt. Moreover to assess if there is any association with the population group, sex, age and other different risk factors. Method: We randomly selected 745 blood samples; from males and females of different ages. Samples were collected from Luxor governorate, Egypt. Seras from all subjects were tested for hepatitis C virus antibodies using rapid test method and confirmed with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) third generation. Results: Our results show that 584 (78.40 %) of the community were males and most of them were aged between 31 and 50 years. Thirty two (5.48%) from blood samples of males were anti-HCV seropositive and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV (7.22%) of age groups from 41-50 years. One hundred and sixty one (21.60%) from the community were female and most of them aged between 41 - 65 years. Six (3.73%) of female subjects tested positive for anti-HCV and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV (4.87%) with age groups from 31-40 years. Four risk factors reflecting high mechanisms of HCV transmission have been associated with HCV infection including residing in rural areas, no education, blood transfusion and dental treatment. Exposures to surgery, history of schistosomiasis show low association with Anti-HCV. Among the community exposures, including blood donation and alcohol consumption but these associations are not important. Conclusion: This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence rate of anti-HCV among community in Luxor governorate, Egypt. It is our hope that the data genarated will be an addition to the existing pool of HCV data available in the Egypt.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Population in Luxor Governorate, Egypt","authors":"El-Adly Am, Wardany Aa","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the hepatitis viruses that transmitted through bl?od or bl?od products. HCV has been implicated as a major reason of chronic liver disease and hepat?cellular carcinoma worldwide. \u0000 Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies among community in Luxor governorate, Egypt. Moreover to assess if there is any association with the population group, sex, age and other different risk factors. \u0000 Method: We randomly selected 745 blood samples; from males and females of different ages. Samples were collected from Luxor governorate, Egypt. Seras from all subjects were tested for hepatitis C virus antibodies using rapid test method and confirmed with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) third generation. \u0000 Results: Our results show that 584 (78.40 %) of the community were males and most of them were aged between 31 and 50 years. Thirty two (5.48%) from blood samples of males were anti-HCV seropositive and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV (7.22%) of age groups from 41-50 years. One hundred and sixty one (21.60%) from the community were female and most of them aged between 41 - 65 years. Six (3.73%) of female subjects tested positive for anti-HCV and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV (4.87%) with age groups from 31-40 years. Four risk factors reflecting high mechanisms of HCV transmission have been associated with HCV infection including residing in rural areas, no education, blood transfusion and dental treatment. Exposures to surgery, history of schistosomiasis show low association with Anti-HCV. Among the community exposures, including blood donation and alcohol consumption but these associations are not important. \u0000 Conclusion: This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence rate of anti-HCV among community in Luxor governorate, Egypt. It is our hope that the data genarated will be an addition to the existing pool of HCV data available in the Egypt.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41946864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-07DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00143
A. Cheepsattayakorn, R. Cheepsattayakorn
Humanherpesvirus type 6 (HHV 6) and 7 (HHV 7), two different herpesviruses of herpes family, particularly HHV 7 can cause roseola and several other associated diseases, such as neurological diseases, Graves’ disease, Hodgkin’s disease, Kaposi’s sarcoma, etc. The pathological association of HHV 7 with pityriasis rosea is still controversial. HHV 6 mostly infects CD4+ T cells. Genomes of both variants of HHV 6 and 7 are closely related. TP53 gene plays the major role in restricting the production of HHV 6B messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Nevertheless, the roles of both HHV 6 and 7 in various dermatological disorders and several other clinical manifestations are still to be defined. Further investigations are urgently needed.
{"title":"Human Herpesvirus Type 6 and 7-Associated Diseases: An Update","authors":"A. Cheepsattayakorn, R. Cheepsattayakorn","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00143","url":null,"abstract":"Humanherpesvirus type 6 (HHV 6) and 7 (HHV 7), two different herpesviruses of herpes family, particularly HHV 7 can cause roseola and several other associated diseases, such as neurological diseases, Graves’ disease, Hodgkin’s disease, Kaposi’s sarcoma, etc. The pathological association of HHV 7 with pityriasis rosea is still controversial. HHV 6 mostly infects CD4+ T cells. Genomes of both variants of HHV 6 and 7 are closely related. TP53 gene plays the major role in restricting the production of HHV 6B messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Nevertheless, the roles of both HHV 6 and 7 in various dermatological disorders and several other clinical manifestations are still to be defined. Further investigations are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47136670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-03DOI: 10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00142
Eloke Onyebuchi
Formative and capacity building assessment is a community based intervention geared towards the growing global HIV/AIDS epidemic [3]. Formative assessment is useful to determine the level of knowledge, perception, education, sexual behaviours and awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention measures among the most at risk populations. While capacity building response [4] focus on attitude of health care providers towards HIV/AIDs patients to identify poor practices in HIV/AIDS service provision. This will improve HIV/AIDS counselling services [3] and sexual health behaviours [5] to enhance preventive measures for effective and comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS.
{"title":"HIV/AIDS Formative and Capacity Assessment: A Guide to Enhance Preventive Measures on HIV/AIDS","authors":"Eloke Onyebuchi","doi":"10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00142","url":null,"abstract":"Formative and capacity building assessment is a community based intervention geared towards the growing global HIV/AIDS epidemic [3]. Formative assessment is useful to determine the level of knowledge, perception, education, sexual behaviours and awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention measures among the most at risk populations. While capacity building response [4] focus on attitude of health care providers towards HIV/AIDs patients to identify poor practices in HIV/AIDS service provision. This will improve HIV/AIDS counselling services [3] and sexual health behaviours [5] to enhance preventive measures for effective and comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44440947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-03DOI: 10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00141
M. Ferhat
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com only recently that clinical trials demonstrated the effectiveness of OVs in humans with recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of an oncolytic virus in advanced melanoma [2]. Oncolytic viruses open a new era in cancer treatment. This short article provides a comprehensive overview of Oncolytic viruses, their use as cancer therapeutic agents and discusses the future and the challenges in the development of oncolytic viruses as a new therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Oncolytic Viruses: The Next Major Breakthrough in Cancer Treatment","authors":"M. Ferhat","doi":"10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2017.05.00141","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com only recently that clinical trials demonstrated the effectiveness of OVs in humans with recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of an oncolytic virus in advanced melanoma [2]. Oncolytic viruses open a new era in cancer treatment. This short article provides a comprehensive overview of Oncolytic viruses, their use as cancer therapeutic agents and discusses the future and the challenges in the development of oncolytic viruses as a new therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43911468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-31DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00140
Alex, R. Gonçalves
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com variants in different individuals to assess its association with a genetic trait and the pathological consequences. Researchers recognized that the observed genetic heterogeneity amongst individuals and genetic traits constitutes a Herculean challenge to develop new treatments. With this new personalized medicine information approach, the advance in genetic engineering was fast to act to try and help solving genetic abnormalities. Understanding the observed functional genetic diversity helps to correlate pathology phenotypes with the specific responses to therapeutic treatments. Finding the causal genetic mutations is crucial to define a precise strategy to correct the genetic imperfection. Retroviruses and lentiviruses were soon considered a viable approach to manipulate the human genome taking advantage of the mechanisms viruses use to invade and exploit the host genome.
{"title":"Use of Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors to Deliver New Gene Therapies","authors":"Alex, R. Gonçalves","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00140","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com variants in different individuals to assess its association with a genetic trait and the pathological consequences. Researchers recognized that the observed genetic heterogeneity amongst individuals and genetic traits constitutes a Herculean challenge to develop new treatments. With this new personalized medicine information approach, the advance in genetic engineering was fast to act to try and help solving genetic abnormalities. Understanding the observed functional genetic diversity helps to correlate pathology phenotypes with the specific responses to therapeutic treatments. Finding the causal genetic mutations is crucial to define a precise strategy to correct the genetic imperfection. Retroviruses and lentiviruses were soon considered a viable approach to manipulate the human genome taking advantage of the mechanisms viruses use to invade and exploit the host genome.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45467972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-30DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00139
Ehlers Vj, Mbokane An, Roos Jh
Background: South Africa’s reported prevalence of HIV among women using prenatal services ranged from 17% to 37.4 in various provinces during 2011, emphasizing the importance of these women’s contraceptive practices. This study attempted to identify these practices so that future health education could address identified challenges. Methods:Trained research assistants administered self-designed questionnaires to a conveniently selected sample of women who had used prevention of vertical transmission of HIV services, and attended well-baby clinics in the study area during the data collection phase. Results:A minority of women used condoms consistently at every sexual encounter, exposing themselves to risks of HIV re-infections and to other infections, and increasing the risk of vertical transmission of HIV for their babies. Conclusion: As more than 50% of the respondents did not desire to have more children, their contraceptive practices should be adjusted (by using dual contraception) to enable them to achieve this goal. Misconceptions about HIV and condoms, such as ‘giving back HIV’ to a sex partner by not using condoms, should also be addressed as a matter of urgency. Effective contraceptive practices could enhance the wellbeing of the HIV-positive women as well as their current and future babies. The outcomes of services striving to prevent vertical transmission of HIV, might be jeopardised by HIV-positive women’s ineffective contraceptive practices.
{"title":"Contraceptive Practices of HIV-Positive Women Who Used Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV Services in South Africa","authors":"Ehlers Vj, Mbokane An, Roos Jh","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00139","url":null,"abstract":"Background: South Africa’s reported prevalence of HIV among women using prenatal services ranged from 17% to 37.4 in various provinces during 2011, emphasizing the importance of these women’s contraceptive practices. This study attempted to identify these practices so that future health education could address identified challenges. \u0000 Methods:Trained research assistants administered self-designed questionnaires to a conveniently selected sample of women who had used prevention of vertical transmission of HIV services, and attended well-baby clinics in the study area during the data collection phase. \u0000 Results:A minority of women used condoms consistently at every sexual encounter, exposing themselves to risks of HIV re-infections and to other infections, and increasing the risk of vertical transmission of HIV for their babies. \u0000 Conclusion: As more than 50% of the respondents did not desire to have more children, their contraceptive practices should be adjusted (by using dual contraception) to enable them to achieve this goal. Misconceptions about HIV and condoms, such as ‘giving back HIV’ to a sex partner by not using condoms, should also be addressed as a matter of urgency. Effective contraceptive practices could enhance the wellbeing of the HIV-positive women as well as their current and future babies. The outcomes of services striving to prevent vertical transmission of HIV, might be jeopardised by HIV-positive women’s ineffective contraceptive practices.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42158717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-24DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00138
A. Brown
{"title":"Global Public Health Leaders Responding to the 2009 Influenza A H1N1 Virus Pandemic","authors":"A. Brown","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2017.05.00138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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