Rafiatou Ba, B. Yehouenou, U. Hounguè, P. Agbangnan, P. Sessou, Nelly M.F. Monteiro, M. T. D. Hounsode, F. Gbaguidi, L. Baba-Moussa
Objectives: The present work was to study the fungal ecology of maize according to the various storage technologies and evaluate the ability of fungal isolates to produce mycotoxin. Original Research Article Ba et al.; BMRJ, 15(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.26297 2 Materials and Methods: Seven maize storage technologies (from A to G) were selected in seven agro-ecological zones and 198 samples of stored maize were collected based on storage technologies. The presence of mold was observed in all the areas prospected in all the type of technologies used. The identification of the mycotoxins produced by mildews isolated of the stored maize has been performed by Thin Layer Chromatography. Results: Eleven (11) molds were isolated from the samples collected and three storage modes were observed. Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp and Aspergillus niger were the prevalent species with frequencies of 20.71%; 15.15% and 12.12%, respectively. Grain maize mode (55%) was the most used. Also the isolated molds have the ability to produce the toxins when the conditions are favorable. The identification of mycotoxins by Thin Layer Chromatography showed that the isolated and identified molds were producers of mycotoxins. A. parasiticus and A. flavus were not observed in technologies A and B in all the study areas. A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and P. roqueforti showed their ability to produce Aflatoxin B2, Aflatoxin G1, Ochratoxin A, Deoxynivalenol, moniliformin and Roquefortin C, respectively. Conclusion: These results clearly show an correlation between the technologies of storage and the contamination by the mycotoxins.
目的:研究不同贮藏技术对玉米真菌生态的影响，评价不同贮藏条件下分离真菌产生霉菌毒素的能力。原研究论文Ba et al.;中国生物医学工程学报，2015 (1):1-10;文章no.BMRJ。26297材料与方法:在7个农业生态区选择A ~ G 7种玉米贮藏技术，收集198份玉米贮藏样品。在使用的所有类型的技术中，在所有预期的区域都观察到霉菌的存在。采用薄层色谱法对储藏玉米中分离的霉菌毒素进行了鉴定。结果:从采集的样品中分离出11株霉菌，并观察到3种储存方式。镰刀菌、青霉和黑曲霉是常见菌种，频率为20.71%;分别为15.15%和12.12%。以谷物玉米模式(55%)使用最多。此外，当条件有利时，分离的霉菌也有能力产生毒素。薄层色谱法对真菌毒素的鉴定表明，分离鉴定的霉菌是真菌毒素的产生菌。A、B技术在所有研究区均未发现寄生蜂和黄蚜。黄曲霉、寄生蜂、赭曲霉、禾草霉、尖孢霉和洛克福尔霉分别能产生黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇、moniliformin和洛克福尔素C。结论:真菌毒素污染与贮藏工艺有密切关系。
{"title":"Performance of Maize Storage Technologies in Benin: Fungal Ecology and Mycotoxin Contamination","authors":"Rafiatou Ba, B. Yehouenou, U. Hounguè, P. Agbangnan, P. Sessou, Nelly M.F. Monteiro, M. T. D. Hounsode, F. Gbaguidi, L. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26297","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The present work was to study the fungal ecology of maize according to the various storage technologies and evaluate the ability of fungal isolates to produce mycotoxin. Original Research Article Ba et al.; BMRJ, 15(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.26297 2 Materials and Methods: Seven maize storage technologies (from A to G) were selected in seven agro-ecological zones and 198 samples of stored maize were collected based on storage technologies. The presence of mold was observed in all the areas prospected in all the type of technologies used. The identification of the mycotoxins produced by mildews isolated of the stored maize has been performed by Thin Layer Chromatography. Results: Eleven (11) molds were isolated from the samples collected and three storage modes were observed. Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp and Aspergillus niger were the prevalent species with frequencies of 20.71%; 15.15% and 12.12%, respectively. Grain maize mode (55%) was the most used. Also the isolated molds have the ability to produce the toxins when the conditions are favorable. The identification of mycotoxins by Thin Layer Chromatography showed that the isolated and identified molds were producers of mycotoxins. A. parasiticus and A. flavus were not observed in technologies A and B in all the study areas. A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and P. roqueforti showed their ability to produce Aflatoxin B2, Aflatoxin G1, Ochratoxin A, Deoxynivalenol, moniliformin and Roquefortin C, respectively. Conclusion: These results clearly show an correlation between the technologies of storage and the contamination by the mycotoxins.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88646562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Exploration of Possible Consequences of Indiscriminate Consumption of Bissap Drink in Ghana","authors":"S. Darkwa","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/28563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/28563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91473635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbiological and Physico-chemical Analyses of Borehole Water Samples from Private Schools in Umuahia Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Obi, A. Onyegbulam, F. Ejukonemu, M. Ubogu","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/20136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/20136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85472536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To examine the bacteriological quality and prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in surface and underground domestic water sources standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing was by disc-diffusion method. Results: The mean values of the total viable counts for the first water sample collection ranged from 3.1×10 2 to 6.2×10 4 cfu/mL and 2.4×10 2 to 6.1×10 4 cfu/mL for the second collection with the mean difference statistically significant for samples from sites AJR, DDR, ADM, EDM, WW-B and WW-G (P > .05). Most Probable Number of Coliforms ranged from 20 to >180/100 mL. A total of 7 bacteria genera including E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp. and Enterobacter spp. were isolated. Among the isolates, 100% showed resistance to ampicillin, over 80% to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and cefotaxime, 60% to ceftazidime, over 50% to ciprofloxacin and aztreonam, <40% to ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin while 100% were susceptible to the carbapenems. A total of 90.9% exhibited MDR phenotype. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of high level of coliforms with MDR phenotype in surface and underground water used domestically in Ibadan signifies a public health hazard that requires urgent attention.
{"title":"Bacteriological Quality and Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria from Surface and Underground Domestic Water Sources in Selected Locations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Alabi, O. Fatoyinbo","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27445","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To examine the bacteriological quality and prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in surface and underground domestic water sources standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing was by disc-diffusion method. Results: The mean values of the total viable counts for the first water sample collection ranged from 3.1×10 2 to 6.2×10 4 cfu/mL and 2.4×10 2 to 6.1×10 4 cfu/mL for the second collection with the mean difference statistically significant for samples from sites AJR, DDR, ADM, EDM, WW-B and WW-G (P > .05). Most Probable Number of Coliforms ranged from 20 to >180/100 mL. A total of 7 bacteria genera including E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp. and Enterobacter spp. were isolated. Among the isolates, 100% showed resistance to ampicillin, over 80% to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and cefotaxime, 60% to ceftazidime, over 50% to ciprofloxacin and aztreonam, <40% to ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin while 100% were susceptible to the carbapenems. A total of 90.9% exhibited MDR phenotype. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of high level of coliforms with MDR phenotype in surface and underground water used domestically in Ibadan signifies a public health hazard that requires urgent attention.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85698402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections at the community setting. Escherichia coli are the main agent of UTIs. Antibacterial resistance spreads rapidly among community acquired urinary E. coli . Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to describe antimicrobial susceptibility profile and prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) urinary E. coli isolated from outpatients with community acquired UTI. Methods: Urine samples were collected from patients attending outpatient departments of University Hospitals in Egypt presented with symptoms of UTI. Samples were cultured and E. coli isolates were identified by colonial morphology, Gram stained film, and analytical profile index (API) 20E. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: One hundred and forty one E. coli uropathogen were isolated. The highest resistance was to beta lactam antibiotics. Amoxicillin susceptibility was 2.1%. Resistance to 3 rd generation cephalosporins was (57.4%, 40.4%, 46.8% to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone) respectively. The resistance to norfloxacin was (46.8%). While resistance to nitrofuantoin was (27.7%). The least resistance was to cefoperazone-sulbactam and amikacin (8.5% and 12.8% respectivelly). Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant (87.9%). Conclusion: High level of antibiotic resistance among E. coli causing community acquired urinary tract infection.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Urinary Escherichia coli from Outpatients with Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections, Report from Tertiary Health Care Center, Egypt","authors":"Ghada Mashaly","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections at the community setting. Escherichia coli are the main agent of UTIs. Antibacterial resistance spreads rapidly among community acquired urinary E. coli . Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to describe antimicrobial susceptibility profile and prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) urinary E. coli isolated from outpatients with community acquired UTI. Methods: Urine samples were collected from patients attending outpatient departments of University Hospitals in Egypt presented with symptoms of UTI. Samples were cultured and E. coli isolates were identified by colonial morphology, Gram stained film, and analytical profile index (API) 20E. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: One hundred and forty one E. coli uropathogen were isolated. The highest resistance was to beta lactam antibiotics. Amoxicillin susceptibility was 2.1%. Resistance to 3 rd generation cephalosporins was (57.4%, 40.4%, 46.8% to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone) respectively. The resistance to norfloxacin was (46.8%). While resistance to nitrofuantoin was (27.7%). The least resistance was to cefoperazone-sulbactam and amikacin (8.5% and 12.8% respectivelly). Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant (87.9%). Conclusion: High level of antibiotic resistance among E. coli causing community acquired urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87620049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of woodchips in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil, phytotoxicity assay as an index of soil biological activities (germination in woodchips option slight in control woodchips biostimulant microorganisms media such as soil, information on the concentration of the additional limiting factors is scientifically crucial. 50% woodchips supported high crude oil remediation in the polluted soil. Woodchips therefore, is a potential source of nutrients for microbial activity and it habours microorganisms capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as source of carbon and energy thus, potentially useful in soil hydrocarbon spill response action.
{"title":"Effect of Woodchips on Bioremediation of Crude Oil-polluted Soil","authors":"U. Okafor, A. S. Nwankwegu","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27027","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of woodchips in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil, phytotoxicity assay as an index of soil biological activities (germination in woodchips option slight in control woodchips biostimulant microorganisms media such as soil, information on the concentration of the additional limiting factors is scientifically crucial. 50% woodchips supported high crude oil remediation in the polluted soil. Woodchips therefore, is a potential source of nutrients for microbial activity and it habours microorganisms capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as source of carbon and energy thus, potentially useful in soil hydrocarbon spill response action.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87951213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Bioremediation Potentials of Inorganic Nutrient Sources","authors":"T. Sampson, C. Ogugbue, G. Okpokwasili","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/26027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/26027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75004048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Essel, Yaw Mensah, Seth Asamoah, G. Motey, J. Owusu-Kwarteng
Vaginal infections affect most females during their lifetime, with approximately 50% having two or more episodes of vaginal candidiasis. The study was conducted to assess the incidence of Candida , bacteria and Lactic acid bacteria deficiency related vaginal infections among female senior high school students. Seventy-two high vaginal swabs were obtained from consenting students for laboratory analysis and a structured questionnaire administered to assess symptoms, risk factors and demographic information. Methods employed in laboratory analysis included wet mount, whiff test, clue cell test, pH test, Gram staining and culture. The results revealed 40% (29) of participants were infected with Candida while 14% (10) were diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. were in only the who were ages of 22 For and itching, irritation and burning sensation respectively. Among the risk factors, sexual activity recorded the highest 76% (55), 61% (44) douched and 32% (23) were on antibiotics. The incidence of Candida vaginitis especially was high in the study population and this may be due to few participants having Lactic acid bacteria isolated from their vagina and this may also explain the incidence of bacterial vaginosis.
{"title":"Microflora Imbalance Related Vaginal Infections among Female Senior High School Students in Navrongo, Ghana","authors":"E. Essel, Yaw Mensah, Seth Asamoah, G. Motey, J. Owusu-Kwarteng","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27575","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginal infections affect most females during their lifetime, with approximately 50% having two or more episodes of vaginal candidiasis. The study was conducted to assess the incidence of Candida , bacteria and Lactic acid bacteria deficiency related vaginal infections among female senior high school students. Seventy-two high vaginal swabs were obtained from consenting students for laboratory analysis and a structured questionnaire administered to assess symptoms, risk factors and demographic information. Methods employed in laboratory analysis included wet mount, whiff test, clue cell test, pH test, Gram staining and culture. The results revealed 40% (29) of participants were infected with Candida while 14% (10) were diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. were in only the who were ages of 22 For and itching, irritation and burning sensation respectively. Among the risk factors, sexual activity recorded the highest 76% (55), 61% (44) douched and 32% (23) were on antibiotics. The incidence of Candida vaginitis especially was high in the study population and this may be due to few participants having Lactic acid bacteria isolated from their vagina and this may also explain the incidence of bacterial vaginosis.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79198330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. T. Ogunmefun, A. Saba, T. R. Fasola, F. Akharaiyi, O. Oridupa
Aims: Phragmanthera incana , an African mistletoe hemi-parasitic plant growing on cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) and kolanut ( Cola nitida ) trees was screened for antimicrobial and phytochemical activities due to their ethno medicinal claims as remedies for gastro intestinal tract infections, wound, diarrhoea, dysentery and skin infections. Methodology: The antimicrobial activities of hexane, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of P. incana obtained from cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) and kolanut ( Cola nitida ) trees were tested in vitro against five Gram negative and two Gram positive pathogenic bacteria; and three pathogenic fungi species using agar well diffusion technique. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of the plants were determined by chemical methods. Results: Phytochemical screening of P. incana on cocoa and kolanut trees showed the presence of phytochemicals quality and quantity assessments. Varying degrees of inhibitory activities was observed with the solvent extracts of P. incana from cocoa and kolanut trees on test bacteria species while the test fungi species were resistant to all the extracts. Conclusion: This study showed that the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Phragmanthera incana had more antibacterial activities than other solvents. Antifungal activity was not exhibited by the five extracts of P. incana harvested from the two host plants used. Proteus mirabilis and P. aerugiosa commonly known for their resistant activities to most conventional antibiotics were inhibited by some of the extracts of P. incana in this study.
{"title":"Phytochemistry and in-vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Phragmanthera incana (Schum.) Balle Extracts on Selected Clinical Microorganisms","authors":"O. T. Ogunmefun, A. Saba, T. R. Fasola, F. Akharaiyi, O. Oridupa","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/18324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/18324","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Phragmanthera incana , an African mistletoe hemi-parasitic plant growing on cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) and kolanut ( Cola nitida ) trees was screened for antimicrobial and phytochemical activities due to their ethno medicinal claims as remedies for gastro intestinal tract infections, wound, diarrhoea, dysentery and skin infections. Methodology: The antimicrobial activities of hexane, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of P. incana obtained from cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) and kolanut ( Cola nitida ) trees were tested in vitro against five Gram negative and two Gram positive pathogenic bacteria; and three pathogenic fungi species using agar well diffusion technique. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of the plants were determined by chemical methods. Results: Phytochemical screening of P. incana on cocoa and kolanut trees showed the presence of phytochemicals quality and quantity assessments. Varying degrees of inhibitory activities was observed with the solvent extracts of P. incana from cocoa and kolanut trees on test bacteria species while the test fungi species were resistant to all the extracts. Conclusion: This study showed that the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Phragmanthera incana had more antibacterial activities than other solvents. Antifungal activity was not exhibited by the five extracts of P. incana harvested from the two host plants used. Proteus mirabilis and P. aerugiosa commonly known for their resistant activities to most conventional antibiotics were inhibited by some of the extracts of P. incana in this study.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74931586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Maroof, R. Nasir, N. Bali, Anjum Farhana, M. Amin, Farhath Kanth
Aims: To find out the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in health care workers and in-patients in a tertiary care center. Study Design: Cross sectional study. year study 2013 Methodology: Nasal swabs were taken from health care workers (HCWs) and in-patients and these were processed for the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to various antibiotics was performed as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), guidelines and D-test done to ascertain constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (cMLS B ) and inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B ( i MLS B ) phenotype. Risk factors for their carriage were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16 and a P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Higher rate of isolation of S. aureus and MRSA was seen among 480 in-patients (47.1% and 32.7% respectively) compared with 256 HCWs (32.8% and 19.1% respectively). Significant resistance (P<0.05) to clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was seen in MRSA isolates recovered from in-patients. MRSA isolates had higher cMLS B and i MLS B resistance. Years of service and level of education in HCWs were significantly associated with MRSA carriage in them. Conclusion: Nasal-carriage of S. aureus and MRSA is common in HCWs and in-patients in our hospital. Apart from periodic screening for MRSA carriage, strict adherence to existing infection control guidelines is mandatory.
目的:了解某三级保健中心医护人员及住院病人的鼻腔携带金黄色葡萄球菌情况。研究设计:横断面研究。方法:从卫生保健工作者(HCWs)和住院患者中采集鼻拭子，并对其进行处理，以回收金黄色葡萄球菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。根据临床实验室标准协会(CLSI)、指南和d试验确定大环内酯-lincosamide-streptogramin B (cMLS B)组成型和诱导型大环内酯-lincosamide-streptogramin B (i MLS B)表型，对各菌株进行了抗生素敏感性测定。并分析了其携带的危险因素。采用SPSS软件16版进行统计学分析，P值< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果480例住院患者中金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA的分离率分别为47.1%和32.7%，高于256例普通医护人员(32.8%和19.1%)。住院患者MRSA分离株对克林霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、四环素和复方新诺明均有显著耐药(P<0.05)。MRSA分离株具有较高的cMLS B和imls B耐药性。医护人员的服务年限和教育水平与MRSA携带显著相关。结论:我院医护人员及住院患者鼻腔携带金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA较为常见。除了定期筛查耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌携带外，还必须严格遵守现有的感染控制指南。
{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus: Nasal-carriage in Health Care Workers and In-patients with Special Reference to MRSA","authors":"P. Maroof, R. Nasir, N. Bali, Anjum Farhana, M. Amin, Farhath Kanth","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/23800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/23800","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To find out the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in health care workers and in-patients in a tertiary care center. Study Design: Cross sectional study. year study 2013 Methodology: Nasal swabs were taken from health care workers (HCWs) and in-patients and these were processed for the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to various antibiotics was performed as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), guidelines and D-test done to ascertain constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (cMLS B ) and inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B ( i MLS B ) phenotype. Risk factors for their carriage were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16 and a P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Higher rate of isolation of S. aureus and MRSA was seen among 480 in-patients (47.1% and 32.7% respectively) compared with 256 HCWs (32.8% and 19.1% respectively). Significant resistance (P<0.05) to clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was seen in MRSA isolates recovered from in-patients. MRSA isolates had higher cMLS B and i MLS B resistance. Years of service and level of education in HCWs were significantly associated with MRSA carriage in them. Conclusion: Nasal-carriage of S. aureus and MRSA is common in HCWs and in-patients in our hospital. Apart from periodic screening for MRSA carriage, strict adherence to existing infection control guidelines is mandatory.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76437514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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