Introduction: Salmonella infections remain a veterinary and public health problem of major importance. Rare Salmonella serovars, whose epidemiological and serological patterns are not well understood, are becoming increasingly common in Nigeria and other Obi All the rare serotypes S . Wangata and S . Penarth were isolated from free range chickens, while S . Enteritidis was isolated from both intensively reared and free range chickens. There was no difference in the sensitivity pattern between the rare serovars and serovar Enteritidis to the antibiotics tested. S. Penarth had a higher MIC to Cotrimoxazole, but lower MBC for gentamicin and tetracycline. Conclusions: Free range chickens could be vehicles for the transmission and/or reservoirs of the rare salmonellae serotypes in Nigeria. Any prophylactic program aimed at controlling these agents in poultry farms in Nigeria, must take into account the free range local chickens.
{"title":"Isolation of Rare Salmonella Serovars, Wangata and Penarth from Chicken in Nsukka, Nigeria","authors":"O. J. Obi, A. Ike, C. V. Olovo","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/27849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/27849","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salmonella infections remain a veterinary and public health problem of major importance. Rare Salmonella serovars, whose epidemiological and serological patterns are not well understood, are becoming increasingly common in Nigeria and other Obi All the rare serotypes S . Wangata and S . Penarth were isolated from free range chickens, while S . Enteritidis was isolated from both intensively reared and free range chickens. There was no difference in the sensitivity pattern between the rare serovars and serovar Enteritidis to the antibiotics tested. S. Penarth had a higher MIC to Cotrimoxazole, but lower MBC for gentamicin and tetracycline. Conclusions: Free range chickens could be vehicles for the transmission and/or reservoirs of the rare salmonellae serotypes in Nigeria. Any prophylactic program aimed at controlling these agents in poultry farms in Nigeria, must take into account the free range local chickens.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"128 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75928598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Palpperumal, S. Sankaralingam, D. Kathiresan, B. Harinathan, T. Shankar, D. Prabhu
A study was conducted to partially purify and characterize a haloalkaline protease isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
对铜绿假单胞菌中分离的一种盐碱性蛋白酶进行了部分纯化和鉴定。
{"title":"Partial Purification and Characterization of a Haloalkaline Protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"S. Palpperumal, S. Sankaralingam, D. Kathiresan, B. Harinathan, T. Shankar, D. Prabhu","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26289","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to partially purify and characterize a haloalkaline protease isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. S. Egbule, Ayobola Daniel Ehwarieme, U. Owhe-Ureghe
Aims: Management of infections in new-born remain a major problem globally due to their delicate nature. Bacteremia in new born has resulted in high mortality. Determining the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylocccus aureus which dominates in sepsis is important. Study Design: During a 4 month period in 2015, 98 blood samples were collected from new-born admitted to a university hospital in Delta State, Nigeria. Methodology: Isolation of organisms were based on growth patterns, morphological appearance and biochemical analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility were determined following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods, using 11 different antibiotics which include Gentamicin (10 μg), Ofloxacin, (5 μg) Ciprofloxacin, (5 μg) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30 μg), Ceftazidime (30 μg), Cefuroxime, (30 μg) Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (25 μg), Nitrofurantoin (300 μg), Cefixime (5 μg), Cloxacillin (10 μg) and Erythromycin (10 μg). Results: A total of 30 (30.61%) Escherichia coli, 20 (20.41%) Klebsiella pneumoniaè and 18 (18.37%) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Susceptibility results indicate that all isolates were Original Research Article Egbule et al.; BMRJ, 15(1): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.25324 2 highly resistant to Gentamicin and to the two lower generation cephalosporins tested; Ceftazidime and Cefuroxime. In addition, all isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: Our data has revealed that a serious problem of antimicrobial resistance exist among bloodstream isolates of new-born in our hospital.
{"title":"High Rate of Antibiotic Resistance in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital","authors":"O. S. Egbule, Ayobola Daniel Ehwarieme, U. Owhe-Ureghe","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25324","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Management of infections in new-born remain a major problem globally due to their delicate nature. Bacteremia in new born has resulted in high mortality. Determining the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylocccus aureus which dominates in sepsis is important. Study Design: During a 4 month period in 2015, 98 blood samples were collected from new-born admitted to a university hospital in Delta State, Nigeria. Methodology: Isolation of organisms were based on growth patterns, morphological appearance and biochemical analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility were determined following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods, using 11 different antibiotics which include Gentamicin (10 μg), Ofloxacin, (5 μg) Ciprofloxacin, (5 μg) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30 μg), Ceftazidime (30 μg), Cefuroxime, (30 μg) Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (25 μg), Nitrofurantoin (300 μg), Cefixime (5 μg), Cloxacillin (10 μg) and Erythromycin (10 μg). Results: A total of 30 (30.61%) Escherichia coli, 20 (20.41%) Klebsiella pneumoniaè and 18 (18.37%) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Susceptibility results indicate that all isolates were Original Research Article Egbule et al.; BMRJ, 15(1): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.25324 2 highly resistant to Gentamicin and to the two lower generation cephalosporins tested; Ceftazidime and Cefuroxime. In addition, all isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: Our data has revealed that a serious problem of antimicrobial resistance exist among bloodstream isolates of new-born in our hospital.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75623678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Babalola, A. Oluyege, O. Lawal, O. Akinduro, A. O. Igbalajobi
Aims: To investigate the age occurrence of typhoid fever, antibiotics susceptibility profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacteria recovered from the blood culture of widal positive patients attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Original Research Article Babalola et al.; BMRJ, 12(3): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.22810 2 from AugustNovember, 2011. Methodology: Widal status of patients was detected using Widal Agglutination test kits. Demographic data descriptively analysed using tables and statistical software (SPSS 17 version). Isolates were identified using standard methods, subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method and extended spectrum beta-lactamase production (ESBL) detection done by Double Disc Synergy Test. Results: A total of 99 samples were examined, 86 subjected to widal test before blood culture and 13 cultured directly. Widal result showed that 42 (48.8%) had a titer of 1:160 and above. The disease has the highest rate of occurrence among the females, 18 (18.2%) females were positive as against 8 (8.1%) males and age group 20-29 years with 12 (13.95%) patients. Overall typhoid prevalence was found to be 26 (30.23%). Out of which, age group 20-29years 12 (13.95%) and adult age group 6 (7%) recorded the highest prevalence respectively. Nine different bacteria genera were isolated from the blood culture, 13 (36.1%) strains of Klebsiella specie was found to be predominant among the gram negative bacteria isolated. The recovered isolates all showed (100%) resistance to ceftazidime (30 μg), augmentin (30 μg) and ampicillin (10 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg) (94.4%), gentamycin (10 μg) (47.2%), ciprofloxacin (5 μg) (25%) and Ofloxacin (5 μg) (25%). Fourteen (38.9%) of the recovered isolates showed ESBLs patterns. Cefuroxime showed synergism with amoxcillin-clavulanic acid in 8 (57.1%) of the bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The recovery of gram negative ESBLs bacteria 14 (38.9%) from the blood culture of widal presumptively diagnosed typhoid patients suggests that a laboratory culture proven result is advisable to be the most definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever. We suggest that antibiotic therapy should not be initiated regardless of the widal antibody titre until the blood culture result has proven to be positive for typhoid fever.
{"title":"Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Gram Negative Bacteria from Widal Positive Patients in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital","authors":"J. Babalola, A. Oluyege, O. Lawal, O. Akinduro, A. O. Igbalajobi","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/22810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/22810","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To investigate the age occurrence of typhoid fever, antibiotics susceptibility profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacteria recovered from the blood culture of widal positive patients attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Original Research Article Babalola et al.; BMRJ, 12(3): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.22810 2 from AugustNovember, 2011. Methodology: Widal status of patients was detected using Widal Agglutination test kits. Demographic data descriptively analysed using tables and statistical software (SPSS 17 version). Isolates were identified using standard methods, subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method and extended spectrum beta-lactamase production (ESBL) detection done by Double Disc Synergy Test. Results: A total of 99 samples were examined, 86 subjected to widal test before blood culture and 13 cultured directly. Widal result showed that 42 (48.8%) had a titer of 1:160 and above. The disease has the highest rate of occurrence among the females, 18 (18.2%) females were positive as against 8 (8.1%) males and age group 20-29 years with 12 (13.95%) patients. Overall typhoid prevalence was found to be 26 (30.23%). Out of which, age group 20-29years 12 (13.95%) and adult age group 6 (7%) recorded the highest prevalence respectively. Nine different bacteria genera were isolated from the blood culture, 13 (36.1%) strains of Klebsiella specie was found to be predominant among the gram negative bacteria isolated. The recovered isolates all showed (100%) resistance to ceftazidime (30 μg), augmentin (30 μg) and ampicillin (10 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg) (94.4%), gentamycin (10 μg) (47.2%), ciprofloxacin (5 μg) (25%) and Ofloxacin (5 μg) (25%). Fourteen (38.9%) of the recovered isolates showed ESBLs patterns. Cefuroxime showed synergism with amoxcillin-clavulanic acid in 8 (57.1%) of the bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The recovery of gram negative ESBLs bacteria 14 (38.9%) from the blood culture of widal presumptively diagnosed typhoid patients suggests that a laboratory culture proven result is advisable to be the most definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever. We suggest that antibiotic therapy should not be initiated regardless of the widal antibody titre until the blood culture result has proven to be positive for typhoid fever.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74268155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging Changes in Mortality Pattern of Burn Patients in Relation to Resistant Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Shweta Sharma, L. Makhija, R. Mahajan, C. Hans","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/23746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/23746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90384432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Fadare, S. Sabri, A. Pachenari, A. Momoh, O. Makinde
designed the study performed the test, performed the statistical analysis, the protocol, the of the and managed literature searches. performed the test. supervised the test. and performed the statistical analysis. ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate the variation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium population within and between healthy individuals. Methodology: Five healthy participants were recruited, and advised not to consume yoghurt, antibiotics, alcohol and steroid during the study. Three (3) fecal samples from each participant obtained at one week interval (total of 15 samples a week) for three weeks were examined for each subject bacteria. The samples were collected in sterile specimen jars and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis. MRS and BIM-25, a selective medium were used for the enumeration of Lactobacillus sp and Bifidobacteria respectively using plate count method. Target bacteria were confirmed by PCR technique and biochemical tests. Results: All isolates picked from their respective selective media were confirmed to be lactobacillus and bifidobacteria. The confirmation was carried out using both biochemical tests and PCR. The results of the statistical analysis of the data obtained using SPSS version 16 showed that intra-individual variation of the population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria was significantly lower than inter-individual variation at P <0.05. Conclusion: This study establishes the fact that the composition level of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium varies within and between healthy human gut at different points in time.
设计了研究，进行了检验，进行了统计分析，制定了方案，并进行了文献检索。执行测试。监督测试。并进行统计分析。摘要目的:了解健康人群中乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量的变化。方法:招募了5名健康参与者，并建议他们在研究期间不要饮用酸奶、抗生素、酒精和类固醇。每隔一周(每周共15个样本)从每个参与者获得三(3)份粪便样本，为期三周，检查每个受试者的细菌。样品被收集在无菌标本罐中，并立即送到实验室进行分析。选择MRS和BIM-25培养基，分别采用平板计数法对乳酸菌sp和双歧杆菌进行计数。目的菌经PCR和生化试验确定。结果:从不同培养基中分离得到的菌株均为乳酸菌和双歧杆菌。采用生化试验和PCR两种方法进行了证实。采用SPSS version 16对数据进行统计分析，结果表明，乳酸菌和双歧杆菌群体的个体内变异显著低于个体间变异，P <0.05。结论:本研究确定了健康人肠道内及肠道间不同时间点乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的组成水平存在差异。
{"title":"Intra- and Inter-individual Variation in Population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in Faeces of Some Healthy Individuals","authors":"O. Fadare, S. Sabri, A. Pachenari, A. Momoh, O. Makinde","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/22517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/22517","url":null,"abstract":"designed the study performed the test, performed the statistical analysis, the protocol, the of the and managed literature searches. performed the test. supervised the test. and performed the statistical analysis. ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate the variation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium population within and between healthy individuals. Methodology: Five healthy participants were recruited, and advised not to consume yoghurt, antibiotics, alcohol and steroid during the study. Three (3) fecal samples from each participant obtained at one week interval (total of 15 samples a week) for three weeks were examined for each subject bacteria. The samples were collected in sterile specimen jars and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis. MRS and BIM-25, a selective medium were used for the enumeration of Lactobacillus sp and Bifidobacteria respectively using plate count method. Target bacteria were confirmed by PCR technique and biochemical tests. Results: All isolates picked from their respective selective media were confirmed to be lactobacillus and bifidobacteria. The confirmation was carried out using both biochemical tests and PCR. The results of the statistical analysis of the data obtained using SPSS version 16 showed that intra-individual variation of the population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria was significantly lower than inter-individual variation at P <0.05. Conclusion: This study establishes the fact that the composition level of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium varies within and between healthy human gut at different points in time.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85191649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seroepidemiology of Incidentally Detected Asymptomatic HBsAg Positive Subjects from Southern State of India – A One Year Study","authors":"S. Fatima, A. Anjum","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"63 6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. El-Masry, Nahla A. Melake, A. Salama, Amal F. Makled
Background: Clarithromycin is the most commonly recommended antibiotic in Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication regimens, but the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H . pylori is increasing. Clarithromycin-resistance is associated with mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The study aimed to examine gene mutations (A2142G and A2143G) of H. pylori 23S rRNA responsible for resistance to clarithromycin. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by collecting 53 H. pylori isolates. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility to clarithromycin were done by standardized methods. Resistant strains were analysed for mutations in the 23S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Results: H. pylori isolates were recovered from 91.4% of studied patients. About 64% were clarithromycin-resistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of all clarithromycin-resistant isolates ranged from 1.5 to 8 µ g/ml. Primary clarithromycin-resistant isolates only showed a single type of point mutation (A2143G). In contrast, secondary isolates had dual diversity of 23S rRNA gene mutation types (A2142G and A2143G). Conclusion: Secondary clarithromycin-resistant isolates show a greater variety of 23S rRNA gene mutation types than primary isolates.
{"title":"Detection of A2142G and A2143G Substitutions among Clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Egyptian Patients","authors":"E. El-Masry, Nahla A. Melake, A. Salama, Amal F. Makled","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/26157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/26157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clarithromycin is the most commonly recommended antibiotic in Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication regimens, but the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H . pylori is increasing. Clarithromycin-resistance is associated with mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The study aimed to examine gene mutations (A2142G and A2143G) of H. pylori 23S rRNA responsible for resistance to clarithromycin. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by collecting 53 H. pylori isolates. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility to clarithromycin were done by standardized methods. Resistant strains were analysed for mutations in the 23S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Results: H. pylori isolates were recovered from 91.4% of studied patients. About 64% were clarithromycin-resistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of all clarithromycin-resistant isolates ranged from 1.5 to 8 µ g/ml. Primary clarithromycin-resistant isolates only showed a single type of point mutation (A2143G). In contrast, secondary isolates had dual diversity of 23S rRNA gene mutation types (A2142G and A2143G). Conclusion: Secondary clarithromycin-resistant isolates show a greater variety of 23S rRNA gene mutation types than primary isolates.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78387515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Mastitis Cows in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"W. Yasin, Y. Sabiel, A. El-Gaddal, M. Mansour","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/28838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/28838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77338304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hariharan, A. Rovira, Vanessa Matthew-Belmar, T. Vogler, G. Stratton, Ravindra Sharma
Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of bacterial respiratory pathogens, particularly members of the family Pasteurellaceae in healthy domestic goats in Grenada, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the predominant species. Original Research Article Hariharan et al.; BMRJ, 11(1): 1-8, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.21925 2 Study Design: Nasal and pharyngeal swabs from 161 adult goats from the six parishes of Grenada were collected during a ten month period from May 2012 to March 2013 and examined for potential bacterial respiratory pathogens. Methodology: Bacteria resembling Pasteurellaceae, and Corynebacterium spp. were presumptively identified by phenotypic characteristics. For definitive identification to species level, DNA from the isolates were subjected to 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing. The closest matches to sequences in GenBank, and their percentage identity were the criteria used to determine the bacterial species. The major members of Pasteurellaceae were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 11 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Results: Of a total of 98 Gram-negative isolates, 41% were Mannheimia haemolytica, followed by Bibersteinia trehalosi (37%), Mannheimia glucosida (9%), and the remainder comprising of 11 different species, including five species of Moraxella. Of the three Gram-positive isolates, two were Rhodococcus equi, and one was Trueperella pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests on a total of 73 isolates of M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi showed that 18% isolates were resistant to tulathromycin, a recently introduced drug for use in goats. Moreover, 77% of isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, another drug with application in goats. Tulathromycin resistance was accompanied by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 12 of the 13 isolates. Resistance to these two drugs is not in accordance with published data, and need detailed further investigation. Resistance to ceftiofur, a drug used for pneumonic pasteurellosis was minimal (one isolate only), and none of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or enrofloxacin. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study, first of its kind in the Caribbean, showed that M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi, two major respiratory pathogens of ruminants colonize nasal cavity and pharynx of healthy goats in Grenada. Both organisms showed uncommon high resistance to tulathromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the reasons for which are not understood, and need further investigation.
目的:对格林纳达健康山羊呼吸道病原菌，特别是巴氏杆菌科病原菌的发生情况进行调查，并确定优势种的抗菌药物敏感性。Hariharan et al.;中国生物医学工程学报，2016,31 (1):1-8;文章no.BMRJ。21925 2研究设计:在2012年5月至2013年3月的10个月期间，收集格林纳达6个教区的161只成年山羊的鼻咽拭子，检查潜在的细菌性呼吸道病原体。方法:类似巴氏杆菌和棒状杆菌的细菌通过表型特征推定鉴定。为了确定物种水平，分离物的DNA进行了16s核糖体RNA测序。与GenBank中序列最接近的匹配及其百分比识别是用于确定细菌种类的标准。采用纸片扩散法检测巴氏杆菌主要成员对11种抗生素的药敏。结果98株革兰氏阴性分离株中，溶血性曼海姆氏菌占41%，其次为海藻酸柏氏菌(37%)、葡萄糖化曼海姆氏菌(9%)，其余11种，其中莫拉菌5种。3株革兰氏阳性分离株中，2株为马红球菌，1株为化脓性真芽孢杆菌。对73株溶血分枝杆菌和海藻分枝杆菌的药敏试验显示，18%的分离株对最近引进用于山羊的图拉霉素具有耐药性。此外，77%的分离株对另一种用于山羊的药物甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑耐药。13株分离菌中有12株对图拉霉素耐药，同时对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑耐药。对这两种药物的耐药性与已公布的数据不符，需要进一步详细调查。对头孢替弗(一种用于治疗肺炎巴氏菌病的药物)的耐药性最小(只有一株)，并且没有一株对阿莫西林-克拉维酸或恩诺沙星耐药。结论:本研究在加勒比海地区首次发现，格林纳达健康山羊的鼻腔和咽部存在溶血分枝杆菌和海藻分枝杆菌这两种主要的反刍动物呼吸道病原体。这两种微生物都对土拉霉素和甲氧苄啶磺胺甲恶唑表现出罕见的高耐药性，其原因尚不清楚，需要进一步调查。
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