This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author SN designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed literature searches. Authors EA, SN and HN managed the analyses of the study and literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT The objective of this project work was to determine the level of fungal propagule contamination and identify specific species of the fungal propagule in some Banking Halls on the University of Cape Coast campus and its environs. Samples were collected in petri dishes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), to the top, middle and bottom parts of the banking halls. The results showed that in all the banks, the bottom part was the most contaminated, followed by the middle and the top being the least contaminated. Banks A, B, C and D recorded fungal loads of 11 cfu/ml, 67 cfu/ml, 58 cfu/ml and 75 cfu/ml respectively, which were in accordance to the sizes of the Banks. In all, six different fungal species were identified with varied percentage frequency of occurrence, which included: Aspergillus , Aspergillus , Aspergillus , , Rhizopus and present in Banks B, C and D and Penicillium spp. was present in only Banks C and D. Preliminary study showed that out-door fungal concentration was high than all indoor values recorded and this was due to the exo-genal fungal out-door. P-value data was analyzed descriptively using graphic pad prism (version 5), one-way analysis of variance was used to determine significance where (p ≤ 0.05) is significant whilst (p ≥ 0.05) is not significant. Only in bank D was there a significant p-value recorded for Fusarium chlamydosporum (p ≤ 0.001) . The research concluded that, there was fungal propagule in the Banking Halls, which poses health problems to their workers and patrons over a period of time.
{"title":"Assessment of Fungal Propagules in Some Selected Banking Halls of the University of Cape Coast Community, Ghana","authors":"E. Asem, Sabuli Noah, H. Nyarko","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/18231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/18231","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author SN designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed literature searches. Authors EA, SN and HN managed the analyses of the study and literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT The objective of this project work was to determine the level of fungal propagule contamination and identify specific species of the fungal propagule in some Banking Halls on the University of Cape Coast campus and its environs. Samples were collected in petri dishes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), to the top, middle and bottom parts of the banking halls. The results showed that in all the banks, the bottom part was the most contaminated, followed by the middle and the top being the least contaminated. Banks A, B, C and D recorded fungal loads of 11 cfu/ml, 67 cfu/ml, 58 cfu/ml and 75 cfu/ml respectively, which were in accordance to the sizes of the Banks. In all, six different fungal species were identified with varied percentage frequency of occurrence, which included: Aspergillus , Aspergillus , Aspergillus , , Rhizopus and present in Banks B, C and D and Penicillium spp. was present in only Banks C and D. Preliminary study showed that out-door fungal concentration was high than all indoor values recorded and this was due to the exo-genal fungal out-door. P-value data was analyzed descriptively using graphic pad prism (version 5), one-way analysis of variance was used to determine significance where (p ≤ 0.05) is significant whilst (p ≥ 0.05) is not significant. Only in bank D was there a significant p-value recorded for Fusarium chlamydosporum (p ≤ 0.001) . The research concluded that, there was fungal propagule in the Banking Halls, which poses health problems to their workers and patrons over a period of time.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86827938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
between all authors. All authors designed the study and selected the study sites. Authors JMK and JMM collected samples from the selected sites and coordinated all sample analysis and statistical analyses. Author JMM tabulated the analyzed data. However, the author JMK reorganized data into its current status, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed all literature searches. Author DWO provided advisory role oversaw final paper shape up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the populations and diversity of beneficial microsymbionts (rhizobia and mycorrhiza) which associates with Acacia senegal varieties at selected sites in semi-arid areas of Kenya. Place and Duration of Study: Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) Biotechnology Laboratories and selected semi-arid sites of Kenya, between 2009 and 2010. Methodology: We estimated rhizobia populations, identified mycorhiza abundance and diversity and estimated plant growth of A. senegal plants grown in soils collected from the selected semi-arid sites. Results: Rhizobia populations were generally low, below 30 cells.g -1 soil, in most of the sites but were relatively higher in areas with high forest cover such as Kimalel (559 cells.g -1 soil) and Ntumburi (104 cells.g -1 soil). Seven mycorrhizae species were identified in the selected sites and all the species were represented in all selected sites except Gigaspora spp which was totally absent in Baringo and poorly represented in all sites. Glomus etunicata and Glomus intra were the most abundant mychorrhizal species, and were most abundant in Baringo, at Kimalel (76.7% and 58.3%, respectively) and Rimoi (54.7% and 44.7%, respectively). The same species were also abundant at Daaba (26.3% and 55.7%, respectively) in Isiolo. In overall, mychorhiza were most abundant in Baringo, where Kimalel had in overall highest numbers (20.2%), followed by Isiolo where Daaba had in overall highest mychorrhizal number (13.8%) and finally Kajiado, where Kajiado sub-site had higher mycorhizal number (4.8%) compared to the Namanga sub-site (3.3%). It was established that mycorrhiza survived in harsher conditions (Daaba) than rhizobia. Conclusions: We concluded that drylands of Kenya have low rhizobia populations, implying need for rhizobia inoculation to enhance rhizobia benefits in A. senegal tree species. We also concluded that the drylands have diverse and abundant mycorrhiza species which vary across sites, and which can be utilized for enhanced mycorrhizal benefits.
{"title":"Acacia senegal (L.) Wild. Associates with a Diversity of Beneficial Micro-symbionts in the Arid and Semi-arid Lands of Kenya","authors":"J. M. Kimiti, J. Machua, D. Odee","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/21766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/21766","url":null,"abstract":"between all authors. All authors designed the study and selected the study sites. Authors JMK and JMM collected samples from the selected sites and coordinated all sample analysis and statistical analyses. Author JMM tabulated the analyzed data. However, the author JMK reorganized data into its current status, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed all literature searches. Author DWO provided advisory role oversaw final paper shape up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the populations and diversity of beneficial microsymbionts (rhizobia and mycorrhiza) which associates with Acacia senegal varieties at selected sites in semi-arid areas of Kenya. Place and Duration of Study: Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) Biotechnology Laboratories and selected semi-arid sites of Kenya, between 2009 and 2010. Methodology: We estimated rhizobia populations, identified mycorhiza abundance and diversity and estimated plant growth of A. senegal plants grown in soils collected from the selected semi-arid sites. Results: Rhizobia populations were generally low, below 30 cells.g -1 soil, in most of the sites but were relatively higher in areas with high forest cover such as Kimalel (559 cells.g -1 soil) and Ntumburi (104 cells.g -1 soil). Seven mycorrhizae species were identified in the selected sites and all the species were represented in all selected sites except Gigaspora spp which was totally absent in Baringo and poorly represented in all sites. Glomus etunicata and Glomus intra were the most abundant mychorrhizal species, and were most abundant in Baringo, at Kimalel (76.7% and 58.3%, respectively) and Rimoi (54.7% and 44.7%, respectively). The same species were also abundant at Daaba (26.3% and 55.7%, respectively) in Isiolo. In overall, mychorhiza were most abundant in Baringo, where Kimalel had in overall highest numbers (20.2%), followed by Isiolo where Daaba had in overall highest mychorrhizal number (13.8%) and finally Kajiado, where Kajiado sub-site had higher mycorhizal number (4.8%) compared to the Namanga sub-site (3.3%). It was established that mycorrhiza survived in harsher conditions (Daaba) than rhizobia. Conclusions: We concluded that drylands of Kenya have low rhizobia populations, implying need for rhizobia inoculation to enhance rhizobia benefits in A. senegal tree species. We also concluded that the drylands have diverse and abundant mycorrhiza species which vary across sites, and which can be utilized for enhanced mycorrhizal benefits.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86334523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ilyas, S. Andleeb, M. Babar, R. Mustafa, Irsa Shafique, A. Zafar, Shaukat Ali
Aims: There is an escalating requirement for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of zoonotic diseases. Herbal plants have always been the best source of therapeutic agents. Study Design: Biological activities of medicinal plants. and 29 June, 2015. Methodology: In current research work biological properties of various extracts of medicinal plants i.e. Atropa acuminate, Atropa belladonna and Morus nigra were investigated. Extracts were prepared through both maceration and boiling extraction methods. Antibacterial activity against zoonotic pathogens such as Serratia odorifera , Enterobacter amnigenus , Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed using agar well diffusion method. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used to measure antioxidant potential. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated. Results: It was found that boiling extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens. The results of antioxidant potential revealed the maximum activity in root extracts of A. belladonna and all extracts of M. nigra while A. acuminata showed lowest scavenging activity. Phytochemical analysis indicated the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, phenols, tannins, terpenoides, glycosides, steroids and carbohydrates. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) also mentioned the presence of phytochemical constituents. TLC- developed plates have showed the maximum presence of both antioxidant constituents and flavonoids contents in all boiling extracts of Z. armatum . Bio-autobiography by agar overlying assay indicated the significant inhibition of tested pathogens. Conclusion: The current study provides scientific confirmation supporting the therapeutic potency of these medicinal plants for medicinal uses and identifies gaps for future research to facilitate commercial utilization.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Biological Activities, Bioautography and Spot Screening of Boiled and Macerated Extracts of Medicinal Plants against Zoonotic Pathogens","authors":"R. Ilyas, S. Andleeb, M. Babar, R. Mustafa, Irsa Shafique, A. Zafar, Shaukat Ali","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/24654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/24654","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: There is an escalating requirement for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of zoonotic diseases. Herbal plants have always been the best source of therapeutic agents. Study Design: Biological activities of medicinal plants. and 29 June, 2015. Methodology: In current research work biological properties of various extracts of medicinal plants i.e. Atropa acuminate, Atropa belladonna and Morus nigra were investigated. Extracts were prepared through both maceration and boiling extraction methods. Antibacterial activity against zoonotic pathogens such as Serratia odorifera , Enterobacter amnigenus , Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed using agar well diffusion method. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used to measure antioxidant potential. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated. Results: It was found that boiling extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens. The results of antioxidant potential revealed the maximum activity in root extracts of A. belladonna and all extracts of M. nigra while A. acuminata showed lowest scavenging activity. Phytochemical analysis indicated the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, phenols, tannins, terpenoides, glycosides, steroids and carbohydrates. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) also mentioned the presence of phytochemical constituents. TLC- developed plates have showed the maximum presence of both antioxidant constituents and flavonoids contents in all boiling extracts of Z. armatum . Bio-autobiography by agar overlying assay indicated the significant inhibition of tested pathogens. Conclusion: The current study provides scientific confirmation supporting the therapeutic potency of these medicinal plants for medicinal uses and identifies gaps for future research to facilitate commercial utilization.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83125123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The xenobiotic compound 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is used in the production of explosives (2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene,TNT), polyurethane/dyes, and in smokeless gunpowder. The cleanup of these compounds has gained much attention in the last decades due to hazardous nature of these compounds. Numerous bacterial strains capable of growing on DNT as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy have been isolated by various scientists. Attempts to degrade DNT at high concentrations have never been found successful. The present study was conducted in Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University between June 2010 and July 2011. About 18 bacterial cultures were isolated from the contaminated sites in the presence of 0.001% (w/v) 2,4-DNT.Isolated strains were further screened on the basis of their tolerance towards 2,4-DNT by growing them in the presence of 0.001% to 0.03% (w/v) 2,4-DNT. Out of 18 strains, eight tolerated varying concentration of 2,4-DNT and were mixed in different permutation & combination for preparation of microbial consortia. The best consortium (No.4 with strains RSE165, RSA32, RSB80 and RSD127) was selected and subjected to molecular characterization. Bacterial strains used in this study were identified as Bacillus subtilis RSE165 (NCBI accession no. JQ887982), Bacillus megaterium RSA32 (KR051485), Bacillus cereus RSB80 (JQ040533) and Bacillus flexus RSD127 (KR051486).The analysis of the 2,4-DNT degradation capabilities of the best four individual strains and their consortium by GC analysis shows that the spectral peak of 2,4-DNT is completely replaced by three small peaks which indicate its utilization and degradation by the bacterial strains as well as by their consortium.
{"title":"Novel Bacillus Consortium for Degradation of 2,4- Dinitrotoluene: A Xenobiotic Compound","authors":"M. Smitha, Rajni Singh","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25837","url":null,"abstract":"The xenobiotic compound 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is used in the production of explosives (2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene,TNT), polyurethane/dyes, and in smokeless gunpowder. The cleanup of these compounds has gained much attention in the last decades due to hazardous nature of these compounds. Numerous bacterial strains capable of growing on DNT as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy have been isolated by various scientists. Attempts to degrade DNT at high concentrations have never been found successful. The present study was conducted in Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University between June 2010 and July 2011. About 18 bacterial cultures were isolated from the contaminated sites in the presence of 0.001% (w/v) 2,4-DNT.Isolated strains were further screened on the basis of their tolerance towards 2,4-DNT by growing them in the presence of 0.001% to 0.03% (w/v) 2,4-DNT. Out of 18 strains, eight tolerated varying concentration of 2,4-DNT and were mixed in different permutation & combination for preparation of microbial consortia. The best consortium (No.4 with strains RSE165, RSA32, RSB80 and RSD127) was selected and subjected to molecular characterization. Bacterial strains used in this study were identified as Bacillus subtilis RSE165 (NCBI accession no. JQ887982), Bacillus megaterium RSA32 (KR051485), Bacillus cereus RSB80 (JQ040533) and Bacillus flexus RSD127 (KR051486).The analysis of the 2,4-DNT degradation capabilities of the best four individual strains and their consortium by GC analysis shows that the spectral peak of 2,4-DNT is completely replaced by three small peaks which indicate its utilization and degradation by the bacterial strains as well as by their consortium.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82194318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To review the pattern, trend, predisposing factors, characteristics and visual outcome of corneal ulcers at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) between January 2003 and December 2012 with a view to providing improved quality patient management. Study Design: Retrospective. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology from January 2003 to December 2012. Methodology: A review of medical records of patients diagnosed with corneal ulcers and treated in the Ophthalmology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight (158) patients with corneal ulcer visited the Department of Ophthalmology from 2003 to 2012 but only one hundred and one (101) patient records could be retrieved. Of this number, 69(68%) were suppurative ulcer, 5(5%) Mooren’s ulcer, 10(10%) viral, 1(1%) shield ulcer while 16(16%) of the cases were indeterminate. Most patients with corneal ulcer (56, 77.78%) were classified as blind according to the World Health Organisation and at discharge 49 individuals (68.05%) remained blind. This difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.26). Unilateral presentation was most common 66 (95.65%) during the study period. The age group mostly affected was 4160years. Suppurative corneal ulcer was more common (42, 60.87%) Original Research Article Ibanga et al.; BMRJ, 14(4): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.25168 2 among male patients. The majority (20, 28.99%) of the people were farmers while (13, 18.84%) were students. Trauma (agricultural) (34, 49.28%) was the most common predisposing factor in suppurative corneal ulcer with vegetative/agricultural related materials as the most frequent causative agent. Another cause was harmful traditional medication (HTEM) (5, 7.25%). A significant number of patients (52, 75.36%) would have received some form of treatment prior to presentation at the hospital and this included use of licensed drugs and/or HTEM (68, 98.55%). Very few patients (18, 26.09%) had microbiological assessment. Organisms isolated were aspergillus species (18, 26.09%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3, 4.35%). Conclusion: Suppurative corneal ulcer remains a significant cause of corneal ulcer in a developing country like Nigeria with potentially devastating visual impairment and significant cost to the public health system. Massive public education programmes and strengthening of existing health systems to enhance its management including rehabilitation will go a long way in the fight against corneal
{"title":"Corneal Ulcers at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria - A Ten Year Review","authors":"A. Ibanga, B. Etim, D. Nkanga, U. Asana, R. Duke","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/25168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/25168","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To review the pattern, trend, predisposing factors, characteristics and visual outcome of corneal ulcers at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) between January 2003 and December 2012 with a view to providing improved quality patient management. Study Design: Retrospective. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology from January 2003 to December 2012. Methodology: A review of medical records of patients diagnosed with corneal ulcers and treated in the Ophthalmology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight (158) patients with corneal ulcer visited the Department of Ophthalmology from 2003 to 2012 but only one hundred and one (101) patient records could be retrieved. Of this number, 69(68%) were suppurative ulcer, 5(5%) Mooren’s ulcer, 10(10%) viral, 1(1%) shield ulcer while 16(16%) of the cases were indeterminate. Most patients with corneal ulcer (56, 77.78%) were classified as blind according to the World Health Organisation and at discharge 49 individuals (68.05%) remained blind. This difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.26). Unilateral presentation was most common 66 (95.65%) during the study period. The age group mostly affected was 4160years. Suppurative corneal ulcer was more common (42, 60.87%) Original Research Article Ibanga et al.; BMRJ, 14(4): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.25168 2 among male patients. The majority (20, 28.99%) of the people were farmers while (13, 18.84%) were students. Trauma (agricultural) (34, 49.28%) was the most common predisposing factor in suppurative corneal ulcer with vegetative/agricultural related materials as the most frequent causative agent. Another cause was harmful traditional medication (HTEM) (5, 7.25%). A significant number of patients (52, 75.36%) would have received some form of treatment prior to presentation at the hospital and this included use of licensed drugs and/or HTEM (68, 98.55%). Very few patients (18, 26.09%) had microbiological assessment. Organisms isolated were aspergillus species (18, 26.09%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3, 4.35%). Conclusion: Suppurative corneal ulcer remains a significant cause of corneal ulcer in a developing country like Nigeria with potentially devastating visual impairment and significant cost to the public health system. Massive public education programmes and strengthening of existing health systems to enhance its management including rehabilitation will go a long way in the fight against corneal","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83995503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L-Arginine deiminase is a therapeutic l-arginine depleter found to counteract various arginine auxotrophic cancer cells (do not express ASS/OCT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti -proliferative activity of the purified l-arginine deiminase from Vibrio alginolyticus 1374. Production of the enzyme was carried out by shake flask method under optimal conditions. The enzyme thus produced was purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 529.43 fold and showed final specific activity of 280.6 IU/mg with 43.5% yield. SDS-PAGE revealed that Original Research Article
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro Anti-proliferative Activity of L-arginine deiminase from Novel Marine Bacterial Isolate","authors":"Rahamat Unissa, M. Sudhakar, A. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/23592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/23592","url":null,"abstract":"L-Arginine deiminase is a therapeutic l-arginine depleter found to counteract various arginine auxotrophic cancer cells (do not express ASS/OCT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti -proliferative activity of the purified l-arginine deiminase from Vibrio alginolyticus 1374. Production of the enzyme was carried out by shake flask method under optimal conditions. The enzyme thus produced was purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 529.43 fold and showed final specific activity of 280.6 IU/mg with 43.5% yield. SDS-PAGE revealed that Original Research Article","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83601967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To detect and determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Experimental Design: A cross sectional study was used in this research. Place and Duration of Study: Giwa area in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted from July, 2014 to June, 2015. Methodology: Two hundred and eighty serum and 113 milk samples (from lactating Does) were collected from goats in Giwa area of Kaduna State. Of the six districts in the area, 52 samples were collected from 10 households in Kakangi, 45 from 9 households in Giwa, 43 from 8 households in history and gestation period at the time of abortion. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that goats in Kaduna State harbour antibodies to Brucella and the farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection is insufficient. There is a need to further enlighten the farmers on the zoonotic implication of brucellosis, Brucella infection prevention and control.
{"title":"Brucella Prevalence in Goats and Farmers’ Awareness and Practices towards Brucella Infection in Giwa Area of Kaduna State Nigeria","authors":"R. Dogo, B. Maikai, J. Musa, J. Tizhe","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27092","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To detect and determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Experimental Design: A cross sectional study was used in this research. Place and Duration of Study: Giwa area in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted from July, 2014 to June, 2015. Methodology: Two hundred and eighty serum and 113 milk samples (from lactating Does) were collected from goats in Giwa area of Kaduna State. Of the six districts in the area, 52 samples were collected from 10 households in Kakangi, 45 from 9 households in Giwa, 43 from 8 households in history and gestation period at the time of abortion. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that goats in Kaduna State harbour antibodies to Brucella and the farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection is insufficient. There is a need to further enlighten the farmers on the zoonotic implication of brucellosis, Brucella infection prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90843941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production, Purification and Characterisation of a Purified Low Molecular Weight and Thermo-alkaline Tolerance Xylanase by Aspergillus brasiliensis In Submerged Fermentation","authors":"H. Ho, Lindsay Soh, Soo-Wee Ong","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/20766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/20766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91470880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lem Edith Abongwa, N. Ngum, N. Edouard, Nfor Germaine, C. Fokunang
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly decreased the mortality and morbidity of children living with HIV by reducing the viral load, increase CD4 count thus improving the health of HIV clients. This study seeks to assess the impact of ART on CD4+ Cell Count, weight and haemoglobin level (Hb) in children residing in Nkambe in the North West Region. Methodology: A total of 130 HIV infected children within the age range of 5 months to 15years were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected and used to measure CD4+ and Hb concentrations. Their weights were taken measured using an electronic balance. Hb levels were used to categorized anaemia while growth was assessed using the z scored of weight for age. Results: Results showed that there was a significant increase (P=0.00) in the mean CD4+, Hb and weight after ART intervention. The prevalence of non-anaemia was higher 52(40.0%) after intervention compared to 30 (23.1%) at the beginning. After initiation, 30 (23.1%), 46(35.4%) and 11(8.5%) children experienced a decrease in their CD4, Hb and weight values, respectively. Of the 30 children with decreased CD4 count, 30(100.0%) were anaemic and 11 (36.7%) were underweight. More females 47(78.3%) experienced increase in CD4 + count while the male children were non anaemic 29(41.4%) and experienced an increase in weight 61(87.1%). Most children of the age group 6-10 years experienced an increase in CD4 + 26(89.7%), Hb 15(51.7%), and weight 25(86.2%) compared to the other age groups. Conclusion: The use of ART to treat HIV-infected children is effective as it has improved the health of children. In addition this study reinforces the finding that anaemia, low CD4 and poor growth are common among children living with HIV infection.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on CD4, Hemoglobin Level and Weight in HIV Infected Children (0-15 Years) Residing in Nkambe, North West Region, Cameroon","authors":"Lem Edith Abongwa, N. Ngum, N. Edouard, Nfor Germaine, C. Fokunang","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/26088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/26088","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly decreased the mortality and morbidity of children living with HIV by reducing the viral load, increase CD4 count thus improving the health of HIV clients. This study seeks to assess the impact of ART on CD4+ Cell Count, weight and haemoglobin level (Hb) in children residing in Nkambe in the North West Region. Methodology: A total of 130 HIV infected children within the age range of 5 months to 15years were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected and used to measure CD4+ and Hb concentrations. Their weights were taken measured using an electronic balance. Hb levels were used to categorized anaemia while growth was assessed using the z scored of weight for age. Results: Results showed that there was a significant increase (P=0.00) in the mean CD4+, Hb and weight after ART intervention. The prevalence of non-anaemia was higher 52(40.0%) after intervention compared to 30 (23.1%) at the beginning. After initiation, 30 (23.1%), 46(35.4%) and 11(8.5%) children experienced a decrease in their CD4, Hb and weight values, respectively. Of the 30 children with decreased CD4 count, 30(100.0%) were anaemic and 11 (36.7%) were underweight. More females 47(78.3%) experienced increase in CD4 + count while the male children were non anaemic 29(41.4%) and experienced an increase in weight 61(87.1%). Most children of the age group 6-10 years experienced an increase in CD4 + 26(89.7%), Hb 15(51.7%), and weight 25(86.2%) compared to the other age groups. Conclusion: The use of ART to treat HIV-infected children is effective as it has improved the health of children. In addition this study reinforces the finding that anaemia, low CD4 and poor growth are common among children living with HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81983426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from traditionally fermented products and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between October, 2012 – March, 2013. Methodology: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from samples of traditionally fermented products (“burukutu”, “pito”, yoghurt, “wara” and “iru”) were screened for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin screening was performed both by the agar spot test and well diffusion assay. Four reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) were used as indicator strains to check sensitivity to the antimicrobial substances produced by the LAB isolates. Carbohydrate Original Research Article Adesina et al.; BMRJ, 11(1): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.21427 2 fermentation profiles of selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains were determined using API 50CH kits to identify them up to the species level. Antibiogram of LAB isolates were determined by antibiotic sensitivity discs. Results: A total of sixty-three (63) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains obtained from the fermented products were screened for bacteriocin production. Thirty-seven isolates (59%) of these LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against two or more of the reference varieties used as indicator strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). After excluding inhibition due to organic acids and hydrogen peroxide from the cell-free culture supernatants of these 37 LAB isolates, only 6 (16%) of the 37 selected LAB isolates (10% of the 63 initial LAB isolates) continued to show antimicrobial activity against three of the reference strains. The inhibitory effects of these six (6) LAB strains showed the presence of bacteriocins, hence potent bacteriocin producers. The selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains (BE1, BO2, IO1, PO4, PO9 and YO7) were identified as Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Tetragenococcus halophilus, and Lactobacillus fermentum respectively. All the bacteriocin-producing LAB isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and zinnacef but were resistant to streptomycin and pefloxacin. Conclusion: These results reveal six LAB isolates from traditional fermented products that were capable of producing bacteriocins which could have a potential for food applications as biopreservatives.
{"title":"Screening, identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected traditionally fermented products.","authors":"I. Adesina, A. Ojokoh, D. Arotupin","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/21427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/21427","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from traditionally fermented products and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between October, 2012 – March, 2013. Methodology: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from samples of traditionally fermented products (“burukutu”, “pito”, yoghurt, “wara” and “iru”) were screened for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin screening was performed both by the agar spot test and well diffusion assay. Four reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) were used as indicator strains to check sensitivity to the antimicrobial substances produced by the LAB isolates. Carbohydrate Original Research Article Adesina et al.; BMRJ, 11(1): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.21427 2 fermentation profiles of selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains were determined using API 50CH kits to identify them up to the species level. Antibiogram of LAB isolates were determined by antibiotic sensitivity discs. Results: A total of sixty-three (63) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains obtained from the fermented products were screened for bacteriocin production. Thirty-seven isolates (59%) of these LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against two or more of the reference varieties used as indicator strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). After excluding inhibition due to organic acids and hydrogen peroxide from the cell-free culture supernatants of these 37 LAB isolates, only 6 (16%) of the 37 selected LAB isolates (10% of the 63 initial LAB isolates) continued to show antimicrobial activity against three of the reference strains. The inhibitory effects of these six (6) LAB strains showed the presence of bacteriocins, hence potent bacteriocin producers. The selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains (BE1, BO2, IO1, PO4, PO9 and YO7) were identified as Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Tetragenococcus halophilus, and Lactobacillus fermentum respectively. All the bacteriocin-producing LAB isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and zinnacef but were resistant to streptomycin and pefloxacin. Conclusion: These results reveal six LAB isolates from traditional fermented products that were capable of producing bacteriocins which could have a potential for food applications as biopreservatives.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78815213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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