L-Arginine deiminase is a therapeutic l-arginine depleter found to counteract various arginine auxotrophic cancer cells (do not express ASS/OCT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti -proliferative activity of the purified l-arginine deiminase from Vibrio alginolyticus 1374. Production of the enzyme was carried out by shake flask method under optimal conditions. The enzyme thus produced was purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 529.43 fold and showed final specific activity of 280.6 IU/mg with 43.5% yield. SDS-PAGE revealed that Original Research Article
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro Anti-proliferative Activity of L-arginine deiminase from Novel Marine Bacterial Isolate","authors":"Rahamat Unissa, M. Sudhakar, A. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/23592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/23592","url":null,"abstract":"L-Arginine deiminase is a therapeutic l-arginine depleter found to counteract various arginine auxotrophic cancer cells (do not express ASS/OCT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti -proliferative activity of the purified l-arginine deiminase from Vibrio alginolyticus 1374. Production of the enzyme was carried out by shake flask method under optimal conditions. The enzyme thus produced was purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 529.43 fold and showed final specific activity of 280.6 IU/mg with 43.5% yield. SDS-PAGE revealed that Original Research Article","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83601967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Toothbrush has been universally accepted as the most effective tool for removing harmful plaque and bacteria from mouth. On average, colonization of bacteria is reduced by 88.8% as a result of brushing. Toothbrush if not properly taken care of before, during and after use may serve as a vector for the re-introduction of potential pathogens into the oral cavity. This study therefore aimed at investigating the microbial quality of used toothbrushes among selected students of a Tertiary Institution in Ile-Ife, Nigeria as well as the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and adherence property of the associated bacteria. Methodology: Fifty used toothbrushes were collected from students in sterile nylon and transported to Laboratory for processing within an hour of collection. The bacteria were isolated and characterized by conventional biochemical techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion test according to the Clinical and Standard Laboratory Institute guidelines. Phenotypic adherence property of the isolates was investigated using the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method. Original Research Article Osungunna and Oyajoju; BMRJ, 15(2): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.26824 2 Results: These revealed the presence of six genera of bacteria namely: Bacillus spp, Staphylococcal spp, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter spp and Serratia spp. Bacillus flexus was the predominant Gram-positive species accounting for 30.9% while Klebsiella oxytoca accounts for 26.5% as the predominant Gram-negative species. All the isolates were multidrug resistant. However, 22% of the isolates were adherent as they produced black crystalline colonies in Congo Red agar. Conclusion: The study concluded that toothbrush should be adequately taken care of to prevent it from serving as vector for infection and re-infection of mouth.
{"title":"Used Toothbrushes: Microbial Evaluation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Associated Bacteria","authors":"O. Oluwole, Oyajoju Olumuyiwa","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26824","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Toothbrush has been universally accepted as the most effective tool for removing harmful plaque and bacteria from mouth. On average, colonization of bacteria is reduced by 88.8% as a result of brushing. Toothbrush if not properly taken care of before, during and after use may serve as a vector for the re-introduction of potential pathogens into the oral cavity. This study therefore aimed at investigating the microbial quality of used toothbrushes among selected students of a Tertiary Institution in Ile-Ife, Nigeria as well as the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and adherence property of the associated bacteria. Methodology: Fifty used toothbrushes were collected from students in sterile nylon and transported to Laboratory for processing within an hour of collection. The bacteria were isolated and characterized by conventional biochemical techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion test according to the Clinical and Standard Laboratory Institute guidelines. Phenotypic adherence property of the isolates was investigated using the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method. Original Research Article Osungunna and Oyajoju; BMRJ, 15(2): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.26824 2 Results: These revealed the presence of six genera of bacteria namely: Bacillus spp, Staphylococcal spp, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter spp and Serratia spp. Bacillus flexus was the predominant Gram-positive species accounting for 30.9% while Klebsiella oxytoca accounts for 26.5% as the predominant Gram-negative species. All the isolates were multidrug resistant. However, 22% of the isolates were adherent as they produced black crystalline colonies in Congo Red agar. Conclusion: The study concluded that toothbrush should be adequately taken care of to prevent it from serving as vector for infection and re-infection of mouth.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To review the pattern, trend, predisposing factors, characteristics and visual outcome of corneal ulcers at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) between January 2003 and December 2012 with a view to providing improved quality patient management. Study Design: Retrospective. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology from January 2003 to December 2012. Methodology: A review of medical records of patients diagnosed with corneal ulcers and treated in the Ophthalmology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight (158) patients with corneal ulcer visited the Department of Ophthalmology from 2003 to 2012 but only one hundred and one (101) patient records could be retrieved. Of this number, 69(68%) were suppurative ulcer, 5(5%) Mooren’s ulcer, 10(10%) viral, 1(1%) shield ulcer while 16(16%) of the cases were indeterminate. Most patients with corneal ulcer (56, 77.78%) were classified as blind according to the World Health Organisation and at discharge 49 individuals (68.05%) remained blind. This difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.26). Unilateral presentation was most common 66 (95.65%) during the study period. The age group mostly affected was 4160years. Suppurative corneal ulcer was more common (42, 60.87%) Original Research Article Ibanga et al.; BMRJ, 14(4): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.25168 2 among male patients. The majority (20, 28.99%) of the people were farmers while (13, 18.84%) were students. Trauma (agricultural) (34, 49.28%) was the most common predisposing factor in suppurative corneal ulcer with vegetative/agricultural related materials as the most frequent causative agent. Another cause was harmful traditional medication (HTEM) (5, 7.25%). A significant number of patients (52, 75.36%) would have received some form of treatment prior to presentation at the hospital and this included use of licensed drugs and/or HTEM (68, 98.55%). Very few patients (18, 26.09%) had microbiological assessment. Organisms isolated were aspergillus species (18, 26.09%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3, 4.35%). Conclusion: Suppurative corneal ulcer remains a significant cause of corneal ulcer in a developing country like Nigeria with potentially devastating visual impairment and significant cost to the public health system. Massive public education programmes and strengthening of existing health systems to enhance its management including rehabilitation will go a long way in the fight against corneal
{"title":"Corneal Ulcers at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria - A Ten Year Review","authors":"A. Ibanga, B. Etim, D. Nkanga, U. Asana, R. Duke","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/25168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/25168","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To review the pattern, trend, predisposing factors, characteristics and visual outcome of corneal ulcers at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) between January 2003 and December 2012 with a view to providing improved quality patient management. Study Design: Retrospective. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology from January 2003 to December 2012. Methodology: A review of medical records of patients diagnosed with corneal ulcers and treated in the Ophthalmology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight (158) patients with corneal ulcer visited the Department of Ophthalmology from 2003 to 2012 but only one hundred and one (101) patient records could be retrieved. Of this number, 69(68%) were suppurative ulcer, 5(5%) Mooren’s ulcer, 10(10%) viral, 1(1%) shield ulcer while 16(16%) of the cases were indeterminate. Most patients with corneal ulcer (56, 77.78%) were classified as blind according to the World Health Organisation and at discharge 49 individuals (68.05%) remained blind. This difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.26). Unilateral presentation was most common 66 (95.65%) during the study period. The age group mostly affected was 4160years. Suppurative corneal ulcer was more common (42, 60.87%) Original Research Article Ibanga et al.; BMRJ, 14(4): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.25168 2 among male patients. The majority (20, 28.99%) of the people were farmers while (13, 18.84%) were students. Trauma (agricultural) (34, 49.28%) was the most common predisposing factor in suppurative corneal ulcer with vegetative/agricultural related materials as the most frequent causative agent. Another cause was harmful traditional medication (HTEM) (5, 7.25%). A significant number of patients (52, 75.36%) would have received some form of treatment prior to presentation at the hospital and this included use of licensed drugs and/or HTEM (68, 98.55%). Very few patients (18, 26.09%) had microbiological assessment. Organisms isolated were aspergillus species (18, 26.09%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3, 4.35%). Conclusion: Suppurative corneal ulcer remains a significant cause of corneal ulcer in a developing country like Nigeria with potentially devastating visual impairment and significant cost to the public health system. Massive public education programmes and strengthening of existing health systems to enhance its management including rehabilitation will go a long way in the fight against corneal","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83995503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
between all authors. All authors designed the study and selected the study sites. Authors JMK and JMM collected samples from the selected sites and coordinated all sample analysis and statistical analyses. Author JMM tabulated the analyzed data. However, the author JMK reorganized data into its current status, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed all literature searches. Author DWO provided advisory role oversaw final paper shape up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the populations and diversity of beneficial microsymbionts (rhizobia and mycorrhiza) which associates with Acacia senegal varieties at selected sites in semi-arid areas of Kenya. Place and Duration of Study: Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) Biotechnology Laboratories and selected semi-arid sites of Kenya, between 2009 and 2010. Methodology: We estimated rhizobia populations, identified mycorhiza abundance and diversity and estimated plant growth of A. senegal plants grown in soils collected from the selected semi-arid sites. Results: Rhizobia populations were generally low, below 30 cells.g -1 soil, in most of the sites but were relatively higher in areas with high forest cover such as Kimalel (559 cells.g -1 soil) and Ntumburi (104 cells.g -1 soil). Seven mycorrhizae species were identified in the selected sites and all the species were represented in all selected sites except Gigaspora spp which was totally absent in Baringo and poorly represented in all sites. Glomus etunicata and Glomus intra were the most abundant mychorrhizal species, and were most abundant in Baringo, at Kimalel (76.7% and 58.3%, respectively) and Rimoi (54.7% and 44.7%, respectively). The same species were also abundant at Daaba (26.3% and 55.7%, respectively) in Isiolo. In overall, mychorhiza were most abundant in Baringo, where Kimalel had in overall highest numbers (20.2%), followed by Isiolo where Daaba had in overall highest mychorrhizal number (13.8%) and finally Kajiado, where Kajiado sub-site had higher mycorhizal number (4.8%) compared to the Namanga sub-site (3.3%). It was established that mycorrhiza survived in harsher conditions (Daaba) than rhizobia. Conclusions: We concluded that drylands of Kenya have low rhizobia populations, implying need for rhizobia inoculation to enhance rhizobia benefits in A. senegal tree species. We also concluded that the drylands have diverse and abundant mycorrhiza species which vary across sites, and which can be utilized for enhanced mycorrhizal benefits.
{"title":"Acacia senegal (L.) Wild. Associates with a Diversity of Beneficial Micro-symbionts in the Arid and Semi-arid Lands of Kenya","authors":"J. M. Kimiti, J. Machua, D. Odee","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/21766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/21766","url":null,"abstract":"between all authors. All authors designed the study and selected the study sites. Authors JMK and JMM collected samples from the selected sites and coordinated all sample analysis and statistical analyses. Author JMM tabulated the analyzed data. However, the author JMK reorganized data into its current status, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed all literature searches. Author DWO provided advisory role oversaw final paper shape up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the populations and diversity of beneficial microsymbionts (rhizobia and mycorrhiza) which associates with Acacia senegal varieties at selected sites in semi-arid areas of Kenya. Place and Duration of Study: Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) Biotechnology Laboratories and selected semi-arid sites of Kenya, between 2009 and 2010. Methodology: We estimated rhizobia populations, identified mycorhiza abundance and diversity and estimated plant growth of A. senegal plants grown in soils collected from the selected semi-arid sites. Results: Rhizobia populations were generally low, below 30 cells.g -1 soil, in most of the sites but were relatively higher in areas with high forest cover such as Kimalel (559 cells.g -1 soil) and Ntumburi (104 cells.g -1 soil). Seven mycorrhizae species were identified in the selected sites and all the species were represented in all selected sites except Gigaspora spp which was totally absent in Baringo and poorly represented in all sites. Glomus etunicata and Glomus intra were the most abundant mychorrhizal species, and were most abundant in Baringo, at Kimalel (76.7% and 58.3%, respectively) and Rimoi (54.7% and 44.7%, respectively). The same species were also abundant at Daaba (26.3% and 55.7%, respectively) in Isiolo. In overall, mychorhiza were most abundant in Baringo, where Kimalel had in overall highest numbers (20.2%), followed by Isiolo where Daaba had in overall highest mychorrhizal number (13.8%) and finally Kajiado, where Kajiado sub-site had higher mycorhizal number (4.8%) compared to the Namanga sub-site (3.3%). It was established that mycorrhiza survived in harsher conditions (Daaba) than rhizobia. Conclusions: We concluded that drylands of Kenya have low rhizobia populations, implying need for rhizobia inoculation to enhance rhizobia benefits in A. senegal tree species. We also concluded that the drylands have diverse and abundant mycorrhiza species which vary across sites, and which can be utilized for enhanced mycorrhizal benefits.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86334523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author SN designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed literature searches. Authors EA, SN and HN managed the analyses of the study and literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT The objective of this project work was to determine the level of fungal propagule contamination and identify specific species of the fungal propagule in some Banking Halls on the University of Cape Coast campus and its environs. Samples were collected in petri dishes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), to the top, middle and bottom parts of the banking halls. The results showed that in all the banks, the bottom part was the most contaminated, followed by the middle and the top being the least contaminated. Banks A, B, C and D recorded fungal loads of 11 cfu/ml, 67 cfu/ml, 58 cfu/ml and 75 cfu/ml respectively, which were in accordance to the sizes of the Banks. In all, six different fungal species were identified with varied percentage frequency of occurrence, which included: Aspergillus , Aspergillus , Aspergillus , , Rhizopus and present in Banks B, C and D and Penicillium spp. was present in only Banks C and D. Preliminary study showed that out-door fungal concentration was high than all indoor values recorded and this was due to the exo-genal fungal out-door. P-value data was analyzed descriptively using graphic pad prism (version 5), one-way analysis of variance was used to determine significance where (p ≤ 0.05) is significant whilst (p ≥ 0.05) is not significant. Only in bank D was there a significant p-value recorded for Fusarium chlamydosporum (p ≤ 0.001) . The research concluded that, there was fungal propagule in the Banking Halls, which poses health problems to their workers and patrons over a period of time.
{"title":"Assessment of Fungal Propagules in Some Selected Banking Halls of the University of Cape Coast Community, Ghana","authors":"E. Asem, Sabuli Noah, H. Nyarko","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/18231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/18231","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author SN designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed literature searches. Authors EA, SN and HN managed the analyses of the study and literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT The objective of this project work was to determine the level of fungal propagule contamination and identify specific species of the fungal propagule in some Banking Halls on the University of Cape Coast campus and its environs. Samples were collected in petri dishes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), to the top, middle and bottom parts of the banking halls. The results showed that in all the banks, the bottom part was the most contaminated, followed by the middle and the top being the least contaminated. Banks A, B, C and D recorded fungal loads of 11 cfu/ml, 67 cfu/ml, 58 cfu/ml and 75 cfu/ml respectively, which were in accordance to the sizes of the Banks. In all, six different fungal species were identified with varied percentage frequency of occurrence, which included: Aspergillus , Aspergillus , Aspergillus , , Rhizopus and present in Banks B, C and D and Penicillium spp. was present in only Banks C and D. Preliminary study showed that out-door fungal concentration was high than all indoor values recorded and this was due to the exo-genal fungal out-door. P-value data was analyzed descriptively using graphic pad prism (version 5), one-way analysis of variance was used to determine significance where (p ≤ 0.05) is significant whilst (p ≥ 0.05) is not significant. Only in bank D was there a significant p-value recorded for Fusarium chlamydosporum (p ≤ 0.001) . The research concluded that, there was fungal propagule in the Banking Halls, which poses health problems to their workers and patrons over a period of time.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86827938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from traditionally fermented products and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between October, 2012 – March, 2013. Methodology: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from samples of traditionally fermented products (“burukutu”, “pito”, yoghurt, “wara” and “iru”) were screened for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin screening was performed both by the agar spot test and well diffusion assay. Four reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) were used as indicator strains to check sensitivity to the antimicrobial substances produced by the LAB isolates. Carbohydrate Original Research Article Adesina et al.; BMRJ, 11(1): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.21427 2 fermentation profiles of selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains were determined using API 50CH kits to identify them up to the species level. Antibiogram of LAB isolates were determined by antibiotic sensitivity discs. Results: A total of sixty-three (63) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains obtained from the fermented products were screened for bacteriocin production. Thirty-seven isolates (59%) of these LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against two or more of the reference varieties used as indicator strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). After excluding inhibition due to organic acids and hydrogen peroxide from the cell-free culture supernatants of these 37 LAB isolates, only 6 (16%) of the 37 selected LAB isolates (10% of the 63 initial LAB isolates) continued to show antimicrobial activity against three of the reference strains. The inhibitory effects of these six (6) LAB strains showed the presence of bacteriocins, hence potent bacteriocin producers. The selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains (BE1, BO2, IO1, PO4, PO9 and YO7) were identified as Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Tetragenococcus halophilus, and Lactobacillus fermentum respectively. All the bacteriocin-producing LAB isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and zinnacef but were resistant to streptomycin and pefloxacin. Conclusion: These results reveal six LAB isolates from traditional fermented products that were capable of producing bacteriocins which could have a potential for food applications as biopreservatives.
{"title":"Screening, identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected traditionally fermented products.","authors":"I. Adesina, A. Ojokoh, D. Arotupin","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/21427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/21427","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from traditionally fermented products and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between October, 2012 – March, 2013. Methodology: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from samples of traditionally fermented products (“burukutu”, “pito”, yoghurt, “wara” and “iru”) were screened for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin screening was performed both by the agar spot test and well diffusion assay. Four reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) were used as indicator strains to check sensitivity to the antimicrobial substances produced by the LAB isolates. Carbohydrate Original Research Article Adesina et al.; BMRJ, 11(1): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.21427 2 fermentation profiles of selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains were determined using API 50CH kits to identify them up to the species level. Antibiogram of LAB isolates were determined by antibiotic sensitivity discs. Results: A total of sixty-three (63) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains obtained from the fermented products were screened for bacteriocin production. Thirty-seven isolates (59%) of these LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against two or more of the reference varieties used as indicator strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). After excluding inhibition due to organic acids and hydrogen peroxide from the cell-free culture supernatants of these 37 LAB isolates, only 6 (16%) of the 37 selected LAB isolates (10% of the 63 initial LAB isolates) continued to show antimicrobial activity against three of the reference strains. The inhibitory effects of these six (6) LAB strains showed the presence of bacteriocins, hence potent bacteriocin producers. The selected bacteriocin-producing LAB strains (BE1, BO2, IO1, PO4, PO9 and YO7) were identified as Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Tetragenococcus halophilus, and Lactobacillus fermentum respectively. All the bacteriocin-producing LAB isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and zinnacef but were resistant to streptomycin and pefloxacin. Conclusion: These results reveal six LAB isolates from traditional fermented products that were capable of producing bacteriocins which could have a potential for food applications as biopreservatives.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78815213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The traditional medicinal plant Bergenia ciliata was used to evaluate its antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and preventive and curative activity against Plasmodium berghei in vivo. The safety of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bergenia ciliata (ELEBC) to the liver and kidney functions of the rodent host was also tested. Place and Duration of the Study: Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, between October 2014 to November 2015. Methodology: The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the ELEBC against both chloroquine-resistant (RKL-9) and sensitive (MRC-2) strains of P. falciparum was assessed by using the WHO method. The cytotoxicity of the extract against human cancer and normal cell lines was tested by MTT Original Research Article Walter and Bagai; BMRJ, 17(6): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.29262 2 assay. The in vivo repository and curative efficacy of the extract against P. berghei were tested using the Peter’s method and modified method of Ryley and Peters respectively. The biochemical assays were performed as per standard methods. Results: ELEBC exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against both RKL-9 and MRC-2 strains of P. falciparum with IC50 of 6.4 μg/ml and <5 μg/ml respectively. The extract exhibited no toxicity against both cancer and normal cell lines with CC50 >1000 μg/ml and selectivity index (SI) >10. Maximum chemosuppression of 74.45% and 91.96% was observed on day 7 at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg (repository activity) and 250 mg/kg (curative activity), respectively. 83.33% survival of mice was observed in G6 (750 mg/kg) while in all other ELEBC treated groups 50% survival was recorded on day 28 of study in the curative test. Hepatic function (SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin) and renal function biomarkers (creatinine and urea) in serum were observed to be significantly (P< 0.0005) lower as compared to the infected control (G2). Conclusions: ELEBC possesses considerable antimalarial activity against both sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum. It also exhibits significant efficacy as a preventive and curative remedy against the disease without any side effects on hepatic and renal functions of the rodent host.
{"title":"Antimalarial Efficacy of Bergenia ciliata (Saxifragaceae) Leaf Extract In vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and In vivo against Plasmodium berghei","authors":"N. Walter, U. Bagai","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/29262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/29262","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The traditional medicinal plant Bergenia ciliata was used to evaluate its antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and preventive and curative activity against Plasmodium berghei in vivo. The safety of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bergenia ciliata (ELEBC) to the liver and kidney functions of the rodent host was also tested. Place and Duration of the Study: Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, between October 2014 to November 2015. Methodology: The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the ELEBC against both chloroquine-resistant (RKL-9) and sensitive (MRC-2) strains of P. falciparum was assessed by using the WHO method. The cytotoxicity of the extract against human cancer and normal cell lines was tested by MTT Original Research Article Walter and Bagai; BMRJ, 17(6): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.29262 2 assay. The in vivo repository and curative efficacy of the extract against P. berghei were tested using the Peter’s method and modified method of Ryley and Peters respectively. The biochemical assays were performed as per standard methods. Results: ELEBC exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against both RKL-9 and MRC-2 strains of P. falciparum with IC50 of 6.4 μg/ml and <5 μg/ml respectively. The extract exhibited no toxicity against both cancer and normal cell lines with CC50 >1000 μg/ml and selectivity index (SI) >10. Maximum chemosuppression of 74.45% and 91.96% was observed on day 7 at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg (repository activity) and 250 mg/kg (curative activity), respectively. 83.33% survival of mice was observed in G6 (750 mg/kg) while in all other ELEBC treated groups 50% survival was recorded on day 28 of study in the curative test. Hepatic function (SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin) and renal function biomarkers (creatinine and urea) in serum were observed to be significantly (P< 0.0005) lower as compared to the infected control (G2). Conclusions: ELEBC possesses considerable antimalarial activity against both sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum. It also exhibits significant efficacy as a preventive and curative remedy against the disease without any side effects on hepatic and renal functions of the rodent host.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84240584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seroepidemiology of Incidentally Detected Asymptomatic HBsAg Positive Subjects from Southern State of India – A One Year Study","authors":"S. Fatima, A. Anjum","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"63 6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To detect and determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Experimental Design: A cross sectional study was used in this research. Place and Duration of Study: Giwa area in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted from July, 2014 to June, 2015. Methodology: Two hundred and eighty serum and 113 milk samples (from lactating Does) were collected from goats in Giwa area of Kaduna State. Of the six districts in the area, 52 samples were collected from 10 households in Kakangi, 45 from 9 households in Giwa, 43 from 8 households in history and gestation period at the time of abortion. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that goats in Kaduna State harbour antibodies to Brucella and the farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection is insufficient. There is a need to further enlighten the farmers on the zoonotic implication of brucellosis, Brucella infection prevention and control.
{"title":"Brucella Prevalence in Goats and Farmers’ Awareness and Practices towards Brucella Infection in Giwa Area of Kaduna State Nigeria","authors":"R. Dogo, B. Maikai, J. Musa, J. Tizhe","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/27092","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To detect and determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Experimental Design: A cross sectional study was used in this research. Place and Duration of Study: Giwa area in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted from July, 2014 to June, 2015. Methodology: Two hundred and eighty serum and 113 milk samples (from lactating Does) were collected from goats in Giwa area of Kaduna State. Of the six districts in the area, 52 samples were collected from 10 households in Kakangi, 45 from 9 households in Giwa, 43 from 8 households in history and gestation period at the time of abortion. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that goats in Kaduna State harbour antibodies to Brucella and the farmers’ awareness and practices towards Brucella infection is insufficient. There is a need to further enlighten the farmers on the zoonotic implication of brucellosis, Brucella infection prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90843941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Salmonella infections remain a veterinary and public health problem of major importance. Rare Salmonella serovars, whose epidemiological and serological patterns are not well understood, are becoming increasingly common in Nigeria and other Obi All the rare serotypes S . Wangata and S . Penarth were isolated from free range chickens, while S . Enteritidis was isolated from both intensively reared and free range chickens. There was no difference in the sensitivity pattern between the rare serovars and serovar Enteritidis to the antibiotics tested. S. Penarth had a higher MIC to Cotrimoxazole, but lower MBC for gentamicin and tetracycline. Conclusions: Free range chickens could be vehicles for the transmission and/or reservoirs of the rare salmonellae serotypes in Nigeria. Any prophylactic program aimed at controlling these agents in poultry farms in Nigeria, must take into account the free range local chickens.
{"title":"Isolation of Rare Salmonella Serovars, Wangata and Penarth from Chicken in Nsukka, Nigeria","authors":"O. J. Obi, A. Ike, C. V. Olovo","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/27849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/27849","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salmonella infections remain a veterinary and public health problem of major importance. Rare Salmonella serovars, whose epidemiological and serological patterns are not well understood, are becoming increasingly common in Nigeria and other Obi All the rare serotypes S . Wangata and S . Penarth were isolated from free range chickens, while S . Enteritidis was isolated from both intensively reared and free range chickens. There was no difference in the sensitivity pattern between the rare serovars and serovar Enteritidis to the antibiotics tested. S. Penarth had a higher MIC to Cotrimoxazole, but lower MBC for gentamicin and tetracycline. Conclusions: Free range chickens could be vehicles for the transmission and/or reservoirs of the rare salmonellae serotypes in Nigeria. Any prophylactic program aimed at controlling these agents in poultry farms in Nigeria, must take into account the free range local chickens.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"128 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75928598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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