Building and Environment最新文献_第7页

Thermal comfort in open public spaces – A critical review in Indian context 开放式公共空间的热舒适度--印度背景下的重要评论

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112239

Jagrati Sehgal, Gireendra Kumar

Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) studies have gained global attention in the last two decades, with noteworthy results of increasing heat stress. Heat Issues in urban areas disturb the thermal balance and create a dilapidated urban living environment. The thermal environment is quite influencing in promoting open public spaces. India, a tropical country, deals with intense heat issues periodically throughout the year. There has been an increasing trend of OTC studies in India in the last decade. It is necessary to chronicle the state of knowledge and the current circumstances in the country.

The study aims to investigate, analyze, and summarize the ongoing scenario of OTC studies in the Indian context. This systematic literature review (SLR) is a comprehensive analysis of 38 studies obtained and reviewed through five stages. It investigates the available database to understand the thermal environment, thermal parameters, perception, preference, and overall thermal comfort in open spaces between different built forms. The outcome expansively summarises the various parameters, approaches, and scenarios to assess OTC. The findings of the study encourage the annual assessment of OTC conditions with consideration of several aspects of different climatic zones. Standardization in the process of OTC assessment and the development of OTC models in the Indian Scenario is found to be of utmost importance. Thermal neutrality values were found to vary between 19 °C - 32 °C over several locations. The in-depth discussion has addressed the precise gaps and future scope, specifically in the Indian context.

室外热舒适度（OTC）研究在过去二十年里得到了全球的关注，值得注意的是，热压力越来越大。城市地区的热问题扰乱了热平衡，造成了破旧的城市生活环境。热环境对促进开放式公共空间具有相当大的影响。印度是一个热带国家，全年不时出现酷热问题。近十年来，印度的开放式公共空间研究呈上升趋势。本研究旨在调查、分析和总结印度当前的户外活动研究情况。本系统性文献综述（SLR）对通过五个阶段获得和审查的 38 项研究进行了全面分析。它调查了现有的数据库，以了解不同建筑形式之间开放空间的热环境、热参数、感知、偏好和整体热舒适度。研究结果全面总结了评估开放空间热舒适度的各种参数、方法和方案。研究结果鼓励每年对开放空间的热舒适度进行评估，并考虑到不同气候区的多个方面。研究发现，在印度情况下，OTC 评估过程的标准化和 OTC 模型的开发至关重要。多个地点的热中性值在 19 °C - 32 °C 之间变化。深入的讨论探讨了印度的具体差距和未来范围。

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引用次数: 0

Time and environmental conditions for heat stress recovery based on human physiological responses: Developing a predictive model 基于人体生理反应的热应激恢复时间和环境条件：开发预测模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112228

Liangyue Shang , Baizhan Li , Shan Zhou , Chenqiu Du , Runming Yao , Yanfeng Zhu , Guangyi Chen , Peiping Zheng , Hong Liu

Breaks can protect workers exposed to high temperatures from heat stress and other health risks. However, the most suitable recovery conditions and how the body physiologically responds to them remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to provide scientific evidence of the human physiological response to step changes in environmental parameters of recovery stage through climate chamber experiments and to develop a predictive model. Volunteer subjects experienced 60 min of walking exercise in air temperatures of 32 and 36 °C, RH 60%, and an air velocity of 0.2 m/s to form two heat stress levels, and then moved into a resting space under designated environmental conditions, such as a standard effective temperature (SET) range of 15.6–26.0 °C. The results showed that the recovery time for physiological parameters decreased with decreasing SET, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in thermal discomfort rate. Correlation analysis suggested that recovery time was related to the physiological stress index at the beginning of the recovery phase (PSI₀; r = 0.86) and the SET (r = 0.75) of the recovery environment. A predictive model of heat stress recovery time was developed based on PSI₀ and SET, with a determination coefficient of 0.9. According to the model, a SET of 18.8–24.9 °C was suitable for people with high heat stress requiring full recovery in 15–30 min. The research findings contribute to the regulation of health and safety in high-temperature working environments and the operation of restroom environmental conditions.

休息可以保护暴露在高温下的工人免受热应激和其他健康风险的影响。然而，最合适的恢复条件以及人体对这些条件的生理反应仍不确定。本研究的目的是通过气候箱实验为恢复阶段环境参数的阶跃变化提供人体生理反应的科学证据，并建立一个预测模型。自愿受试者在气温为 32 和 36 °C、相对湿度为 60%、气流速度为 0.2 m/s 的环境中进行了 60 分钟的步行运动，形成两个热应激水平，然后在指定的环境条件下（如标准有效温度（SET）范围为 15.6-26.0 °C）进入休息空间。结果表明，生理参数的恢复时间随着标准有效温度的降低而缩短，同时热不适率增加。相关分析表明，恢复时间与恢复阶段开始时的生理应激指数（PSI0；r = 0.86）和恢复环境的 SET（r = 0.75）有关。根据 PSI0 和 SET 建立了热应激恢复时间预测模型，其决定系数为 0.9。根据该模型，18.8-24.9 ° C 的 SET 适合需要在 15-30 分钟内完全恢复的高热应激人群。该研究成果有助于规范高温工作环境中的健康和安全以及洗手间环境条件的操作。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of glass salt deposition on indoor environment and building energy performance in salt-fog climate 玻璃盐沉积对盐雾气候下室内环境和建筑能效的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112236

Huijun Mao, Qinglin Meng, Junsong Wang

The salt deposition alters the thermo-optical performance of building glasses in the salt-fog climate, but the impact of salt deposition on indoor environment and building energy consumption remains to be elucidated. This study conducted a systematic investigation into the heat flux through envelopes, the indoor thermal and daylight environments, and the building energy consumption in different thermal climate zones. The convective heat transfer flux (CHTF) remained relatively constant regardless of the deposition amount, and the discrepancy was greater in the Hot Summer and Warm Winter (HSWW) and Cold zones, but less in the Temperature and Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) zones. The transmitted solar radiation (TSR) exhibited a decline in various zones with the deposition amounts, with salt deposition showing the greatest impact in HSWW zone. Additionally, the CHTF and TSR were linearly related to the deposition amount, with salt deposition exerting a greater influence on TSR than CHTF. The salt deposition enhanced the indoor thermal comfort in all climate zones during summer, as well as that in HSWW and Temperature zones during winter; however, the indoor thermal comfort in Cold and HSCW zones during winter was worsen. Concurrently, the indoor daylighting effect also deteriorated. The salt deposition reduced cooling energy consumption, but led to higher heating and lighting energy consumption, and both the reduction and growth were proportional to the salt deposition amount. It reduced the building energy consumption in regions with high cooling demand (e.g., HSWW zone), while simultaneously increased the building energy consumption in regions with high heating demand (e.g., Cold zone).

盐沉积改变了盐雾气候下建筑玻璃的热光学性能，但盐沉积对室内环境和建筑能耗的影响仍有待阐明。本研究对不同热气候区通过围护结构的热通量、室内热环境和日光环境以及建筑能耗进行了系统研究。无论沉积量多少，对流传热通量（CHTF）都保持相对恒定，夏热冬暖区和寒冷区的差异较大，而温度区和夏热冬冷区的差异较小。各区的透射太阳辐射（TSR）随着沉积量的增加而下降，盐沉积对夏热冬冷区的影响最大。此外，CHTF 和 TSR 与沉积量呈线性关系，盐沉积对 TSR 的影响大于 CHTF。盐沉积提高了夏季所有气候区的室内热舒适度，也提高了冬季 HSWW 区和温度区的室内热舒适度；但冬季寒冷区和 HSCW 区的室内热舒适度则有所下降。同时，室内日照效果也有所下降。盐沉积减少了制冷能耗，但导致采暖和照明能耗增加，而且减少和增加的幅度与盐沉积量成正比。盐沉积降低了高制冷需求区域（如 HSWW 区）的建筑能耗，但同时增加了高采暖需求区域（如寒冷区）的建筑能耗。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of the correlated colour temperature of light on thermal sensation in the built environment: A systematic review and meta-analysis 光的相关色温对建筑环境中热感觉的影响：系统回顾与荟萃分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112235

Zhongzhe Li , Runming Yao , Vincenzo Costanzo , Chenqiu Du , Baizhan Li

Recently, the effect of the correlated colour temperature (CCT) of light on human thermal sensation has drawn much attention from the built environment area because of its potential application to change indoor comfortable temperature set points and save energy in buildings. Many studies have been conducted on this topic, and the results have proved inconsistent, making them difficult to use in actual practice. To further understand the validity and application range of the effect, it is urgent to research and reflect on a heterogenous selection of relevant studies. Thus, this paper aims to conduct a systematic review of existing studies, investigate the reasons for heterogeneity and explore the effect of moderators on experimental results. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used for the systematic review, while the method of Meta-analysis was utilised to investigate the reasons for heterogeneity and the effect of moderators. The meta-analysis found that a higher CCT can lead to a cooler thermal sensation, while environmental factors, such as the background thermal environment, temperature and exposure duration, moderate the effect's magnitude. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that in the thermally neutral environment, the effect of CCT on thermal sensation is most significant. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the effect diminishes with the duration of exposure. For the first time, this study explains the reasons for the heterogeneity of existing studies and reveals the influence of moderators on the thermal effect of CCT.

最近，光的相关色温（CCT）对人体热感觉的影响引起了建筑环境领域的广泛关注，因为它有可能被应用于改变室内舒适温度设定点和建筑节能。有关这一主题的研究很多，但结果并不一致，因此很难在实际中应用。为了进一步了解该效应的有效性和应用范围，迫切需要对相关研究进行研究和反思。因此，本文旨在对现有研究进行系统回顾，调查异质性的原因，并探讨调节因子对实验结果的影响。系统综述采用了系统综述和元分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法，而元分析方法则用于研究异质性的原因和调节因子的影响。荟萃分析发现，较高的 CCT 可导致较冷的热感，而背景热环境、温度和暴露持续时间等环境因素则可调节效应的大小。荟萃分析的结果表明，在热中性环境中，CCT 对热感觉的影响最为显著。同时，影响的程度会随着暴露时间的延长而减弱。本研究首次解释了现有研究存在异质性的原因，并揭示了调节因素对 CCT 热效应的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of supervised machine learning regression models for CFD-based surrogate modelling in indoor airflow field reconstruction 评估基于 CFD 的室内气流场重建代用模型的监督机器学习回归模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112173

Xueren Li , Weijie Sun , Chao Qin , Yihuan Yan , Liwei Zhang , Jiyuan Tu

Fast and reliable prediction of indoor airflow distribution is critical for indoor environment control. While neural networks (NN), often interchangeably referred to as Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNNs), are popular for airflow predictions, optimising these models is challenging due to their ”black box” nature and complex network structures. This study explores alternative robust regression models, including decision-tree-based models (e.g., XGBoost, LightGBM, Random Forest) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), for predicting indoor airflow. Two BPNN structures were initially developed to evaluate feasibility of NN models. BPNN A was trained using airflow velocities from two inlets as input neurons to directly predict the airflow velocity distribution within the domain. BPNN B was trained additionally with spatial information, including space samples and boundary wall data. Higher-dimensional training structures of BPNN B were applied to decision tree-based models and SVR to assess their capability in predicting non-linear airflow patterns. Results indicated that BPNN A achieved the highest accuracy, while the inclusion of higher-dimensional data in BPNN B led to decreased accuracy. Among all decision-tree-based models, XGBoost demonstrated the greatest potential, achieving an R

^{2}

above 99.5% and predictive errors below 10%. XGBoost also outperformed both BPNN models in speed, being 15.78 times faster than BPNN A and 252 times faster than BPNN B. The interpretability of XGBoost was further explored by analysing feature importance, which helps identify the most influential input variables while predicting the airflow velocity. This analysis is expected to offer an enhanced understanding of boundary conditions leading to optimised indoor environment strategy.

快速可靠地预测室内气流分布对室内环境控制至关重要。虽然神经网络（NN）（通常可互换为后向传播神经网络（BPNN））在气流预测中很受欢迎，但由于其 "黑盒 "性质和复杂的网络结构，优化这些模型具有挑战性。本研究探索了用于预测室内气流的其他稳健回归模型，包括基于决策树的模型（如 XGBoost、LightGBM、随机森林）和支持向量回归（SVR）。最初开发了两种 BPNN 结构，以评估 NN 模型的可行性。BPNN A 使用两个进气口的气流速度作为输入神经元进行训练，以直接预测域内的气流速度分布。BPNN B 使用空间信息进行额外训练，包括空间样本和边界墙数据。将 BPNN B 的高维训练结构应用于基于决策树的模型和 SVR，以评估其预测非线性气流模式的能力。结果表明，BPNN A 的准确率最高，而 BPNN B 中包含的高维数据则导致准确率下降。在所有基于决策树的模型中，XGBoost 表现出了最大的潜力，其 R2 超过 99.5%，预测误差低于 10%。XGBoost 的速度也优于两个 BPNN 模型，比 BPNN A 快 15.78 倍，比 BPNN B 快 252 倍。通过分析特征重要性，进一步探讨了 XGBoost 的可解释性，这有助于确定在预测气流速度时最具影响力的输入变量。这一分析有望加深对边界条件的理解，从而优化室内环境策略。

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引用次数: 0

A new personalized environment control system for hospital beds with design optimization by Taguchi-based grey relational analysis 基于田口灰色关系分析的新型个性化病床环境控制系统与优化设计

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112206

Wei Su , Zhengtao Ai , Bin Yang

The current ward environments consume excessive energy and fail to meet the personal comfort and health needs of patients. A promising solution is to create a personalized bed micro-environment and then extend the ward set-point temperature range. However, there is currently no suitable bed environment control system. This study proposes a novel bedside integrated system with three perforated panels that supplies conditioned air from different directions and prevents direct airflow towards the patient's head region. The system design was optimized using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA), with predicted mean vote (PMV), draft risk (DR), and personal exposure effectiveness (PEE) considered as response variables. The design variables included supply air temperature, airflow rate, and supply air angles. Taguchi's L₁₆ (4⁴) orthogonal array was employed for the experimental design. The results demonstrate that a low-velocity cold air lake can form above the bed, with the maximum velocity near the patient's head at only 0.2 m/s. In a 28 °C ward, the PMV, maximum DR, and PEE at the bed micro-environment are 0.13, 14.1 %, and 0.67, respectively. This implies that the proposed bed environment control system has the potential to provide both comfort and health benefits while reducing energy consumption. After optimization, the optimal supply air temperature, airflow rate, angles of top panel and side panels are 22 °C, 25 L/s, 0° and 45°, respectively, with an improvement of 5.8 % in the grey relational grade. This study provides a new solution for creating a comfortable and healthy ward environment in an energy-efficient manner.

目前的病房环境能耗过高，无法满足病人的个人舒适度和健康需求。一个可行的解决方案是创建个性化的病床微环境，然后扩大病房设定温度范围。然而，目前还没有合适的病床环境控制系统。本研究提出了一种新型床边集成系统，该系统有三个穿孔板，可从不同方向提供调节空气，并防止气流直接流向病人头部区域。系统设计采用基于田口灰色关系分析法（GRA）进行优化，预测平均投票（PMV）、草稿风险（DR）和个人暴露效果（PEE）被视为响应变量。设计变量包括送风温度、气流速率和送风角度。实验设计采用了田口 L16（44）正交阵列。结果表明，病床上方会形成一个低速冷气湖，靠近病人头部的最大速度仅为 0.2 米/秒。在 28 °C 的病房中，病床微环境的 PMV、最大 DR 和 PEE 分别为 0.13、14.1 % 和 0.67。这意味着所提出的病床环境控制系统具有在降低能耗的同时提供舒适和健康益处的潜力。经过优化，最佳送风温度、风量、顶板和侧板角度分别为 22 °C、25 L/s、0° 和 45°，灰色关系等级提高了 5.8%。这项研究为以节能方式创造舒适健康的病房环境提供了一种新的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Field evaluation of the efficacy of passive radiative cooling infrastructure: A case study in Phoenix Arizona 被动辐射冷却基础设施功效的实地评估：亚利桑那州凤凰城案例研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112226

David J. Sailor , Gina Fagliarone , Tim Hebrink , Deepak Amaripadath

Radiative properties of shade structures affect their surface temperatures, sensible heat fluxes and longwave and shortwave radiation exchange. In fact, structures with high solar reflectance and thermal emittance have the potential to remain below ambient air temperatures, convecting sensible heat from the air to the surface and then radiating that heat to space—a sort of radiant heat pump.

We explore cooling benefits of urban surfaces with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance radiative cooling films through a field measurement campaign in Phoenix Arizona, USA. The tested films have solar reflectance and selective thermal emittance (in wavelengths 8–13 μm) close to 95 %. We applied films in both before-after and control-test experimental designs on thin metal roofs of park shade structures. We measured surface temperatures, surface heat fluxes, upward- and downward-welling longwave and shortwave radiation, and local weather conditions.

Results demonstrate the ability of radiant cooling films to reduce surface temperatures on hot days below ambient air temperatures. Test surfaces with cooling films were an average of 7 °C cooler than control shelter surfaces over the diurnal cycle, reducing sensible heat fluxes into the environment by up to 80 %, and lowering mean radiant temperatures for pedestrians using the shelters by more than 3 °C. It was also observed that the sum of the net reflected shortwave and emitted longwave radiation over the diurnal cycle can exceed the total incident longwave and shortwave radiation on the surface, demonstrating the ability of these materials to radiatively “pump” heat out of the city.

遮阳结构的辐射特性会影响其表面温度、显热通量以及长波和短波辐射交换。事实上，具有高太阳反射率和热辐射率的结构有可能保持低于环境空气温度，将空气中的显热对流到表面，然后将热量辐射到空间--这是一种辐射热泵。测试薄膜的太阳反射率和选择性热辐射率（波长 8-13 μm）接近 95%。我们在公园遮阳结构的薄金属屋顶上采用了前后对比和对照测试两种实验设计。我们测量了表面温度、表面热通量、向上和向下的长波和短波辐射以及当地的天气状况。结果表明，辐射降温膜能够在高温天将表面温度降低到环境空气温度以下。在昼夜循环中，贴有降温膜的测试表面比对照遮蔽物表面平均低 7 °C，进入环境的显热通量减少达 80%，使用遮蔽物的行人的平均辐射温度降低超过 3 °C。另外还观察到，在昼夜周期内，净反射短波辐射和发射长波辐射的总和可能超过表面上入射的长波和短波辐射的总和，这表明这些材料能够以辐射方式将热量 "泵 "出城市。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction and visualization of 3D wake field of a rectangular high-rise building in tropical island cities based on UAV measurements 基于无人机测量的热带岛屿城市矩形高层建筑三维尾流场预测与可视化

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112218

Bin Huang , Jinke Liu , Zhengnong Li , Xiangjun Wang , Xijie Liu , Jinshuang Dong , Qiurui Cai , Ou Pu , Terigen Bao

It is especially crucial to utilize measured data as samples to increase the accuracy of wind field prediction. However, scarce wake field measured data of high-rise buildings leads to the deviation between prediction results and the actual wake distribution. In this study, a six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle wind measurement system (UAVWMS) equipped with an anemometer is used to measure the wake field of a rectangular high-rise building in a tropical island city, and the characteristics of fluctuating wind velocity spectra and distribution patterns of the wind velocity and turbulence intensity in the wake region are analyzed; the Kriging method is adopted to predict and visualize the three-dimensional (3D) wake field based on the measured data from UAVWMS. The results show that the exponential law is better than the logarithmic law in fitting the incoming wind velocity profile in the tropical island city. The measured points in the wake region, located near the central axis of the building, exhibit a pronounced reduction in wind velocity and an increase in turbulence intensity compared to those in the incoming region. Compared to the incoming wind velocity spectra and empirical spectra, the peak frequencies of wake wind velocity spectra shift to the high-frequency band. In addition, the wake wind velocity spectra are lower in the low-frequency band and higher in the high-frequency band. When designing a measured scheme based on UAVWMS, it's crucial to place measured points surrounding the target spatial wake field as much as possible. It helps enhance the accuracy of predicting wind parameters within the 3D spatial wake field. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the measurement, prediction and visualization of the wake field of high-rise buildings in dense urban buildings.

利用实测数据作为样本来提高风场预测的准确性尤为重要。然而，高层建筑的尾流场测量数据稀少，导致预测结果与实际尾流分布存在偏差。本研究利用配备风速计的六旋翼无人机测风系统（UAVWMS）对某热带海岛城市矩形高层建筑的尾流场进行了测量，分析了尾流区域风速频谱的波动特征以及风速和湍流强度的分布规律，并基于 UAVWMS 的测量数据，采用克里金法对三维（3D）尾流场进行了预测和可视化。结果表明，在拟合热带海岛城市的入风风速曲线方面，指数规律优于对数规律。位于建筑物中轴线附近的尾流区的测量点与入风区的测量点相比，风速明显减小，湍流强度增加。与入射风速频谱和经验频谱相比，尾流风速频谱的峰值频率向高频段移动。此外，尾流风速频谱在低频段较低，而在高频段较高。在设计基于无人机尾流监测系统的测量方案时，尽可能将测量点置于目标空间尾流场周围至关重要。这有助于提高三维空间尾流场内风参数预测的准确性。研究成果为城市密集建筑中高层建筑尾流场的测量、预测和可视化提供了理论参考。

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引用次数: 0

Development and performance evaluation of an indoor thermal environment control algorithm incorporating MET estimation model with object detection 开发室内热环境控制算法并进行性能评估，将 MET 估算模型与物体检测相结合

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112217

Ji Young Yun , Eun Ji Choi , Min Hee Chung , Tae Won Kim , Jin Woo Moon

As people increasingly spend time indoors, the significance of the indoor environment in influencing occupant quality of life is becoming more pronounced. Traditionally, indoor environment control primarily relied on fixed temperature settings, which failed to accommodate the diverse circumstances of occupants. This approach limited the creation of a comfortable indoor environment and the enhancement of energy efficiency. Consequently, there is growing interest in occupant-centric control (OCC), which integrates metabolic rate (MET) information, which is a critical factor in determining the thermal sensation of occupants. Previously, a method was developed to estimate MET by classifying occupant poses and detecting the objects they interact with from indoor images. This study aims to develop and experimentally validate an indoor thermal environment control algorithm (ITEC-algorithm) using the MET estimation model and assess its effectiveness and applicability in real building environments.

The performance evaluation revealed that the ITEC-algorithm significantly enhanced the comfort ratios, achieving improvements of up to 59% compared to the fixed temperature control and 28% compared to the control methods that only used the pose classification model for MET estimation. The energy consumption varied depending on the activity and control method, with a reduction of up to 88% compared to fixed temperature control. These results indicate that thermal comfort can be enhanced while minimizing unnecessary energy consumption by incorporating the MET of the occupants. Consequently, it has been confirmed that the ITEC-algorithm effectively improves thermal comfort by managing the MET of various occupants.

随着人们在室内度过的时间越来越长，室内环境对居住者生活质量的影响也越来越明显。传统的室内环境控制主要依赖于固定的温度设置，无法适应居住者的不同情况。这种方法限制了舒适室内环境的创造和能源效率的提高。因此，人们对以居住者为中心的控制（OCC）越来越感兴趣，它整合了新陈代谢率（MET）信息，而新陈代谢率是决定居住者热感觉的关键因素。此前，有人开发了一种方法，通过对室内人员的姿势进行分类，并从室内图像中检测他们与之互动的物体，来估算代谢率。性能评估结果表明，ITEC 算法显著提高了舒适度，与固定温度控制相比提高了 59%，与仅使用姿势分类模型估算 MET 的控制方法相比提高了 28%。能耗随活动和控制方法的不同而变化，与固定温度控制相比，最多可减少 88%。这些结果表明，通过结合居住者的 MET，可以提高热舒适度，同时最大限度地减少不必要的能源消耗。因此，ITEC 算法通过管理不同居住者的 MET 有效地提高了热舒适度。

{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of an indoor thermal environment control algorithm incorporating MET estimation model with object detection","authors":"Ji Young Yun , Eun Ji Choi , Min Hee Chung , Tae Won Kim , Jin Woo Moon","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As people increasingly spend time indoors, the significance of the indoor environment in influencing occupant quality of life is becoming more pronounced. Traditionally, indoor environment control primarily relied on fixed temperature settings, which failed to accommodate the diverse circumstances of occupants. This approach limited the creation of a comfortable indoor environment and the enhancement of energy efficiency. Consequently, there is growing interest in occupant-centric control (OCC), which integrates metabolic rate (MET) information, which is a critical factor in determining the thermal sensation of occupants. Previously, a method was developed to estimate MET by classifying occupant poses and detecting the objects they interact with from indoor images. This study aims to develop and experimentally validate an indoor thermal environment control algorithm (ITEC-algorithm) using the MET estimation model and assess its effectiveness and applicability in real building environments.</div><div>The performance evaluation revealed that the ITEC-algorithm significantly enhanced the comfort ratios, achieving improvements of up to 59% compared to the fixed temperature control and 28% compared to the control methods that only used the pose classification model for MET estimation. The energy consumption varied depending on the activity and control method, with a reduction of up to 88% compared to fixed temperature control. These results indicate that thermal comfort can be enhanced while minimizing unnecessary energy consumption by incorporating the MET of the occupants. Consequently, it has been confirmed that the ITEC-algorithm effectively improves thermal comfort by managing the MET of various occupants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 applied over cement plaster for mitigating urban air pollutant: TVOC 评估在水泥抹灰上应用二氧化钛的光催化效率以减少城市空气污染物：TVOC

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112223

Shweta Mishra , Indramani Dhada , Putul Haldar , Prathmesh Zende

Photocatalysis emerged as a prominent method for mitigating air pollution stemming from emissions of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in both indoor and outdoor environments. Given the slow degradation rate of certain TVOCs, which pose health risks, including carcinogenicity, there is a pressing need for effective air purification strategies, particularly within built environments where individuals spend substantial amounts of time. This study delves into the efficacy of TiO₂ photocatalysis in reducing air pollutants when applied to building surfaces. Cement mortar samples, incorporating varied doses of TiO₂ ranging from 7.83E-03 g/cm² to 4.92E-02 g/cm², were prepared and examined within batch reactors, both under sunlight exposure and in the absence thereof, to gauge their degradation rates towards TVOCs. Furthermore, surface characterization techniques were employed to explicate the microstructural properties of TiO₂-coated plastered samples. The results obtained demonstrated the variation in the rate of degradation from 1.09E-04±0.1 % to 3.1E-4 ± 1.13 % min⁻¹cm⁻² for various initial concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the range of 600 ppm to 2900 ppm over a period of 100 min. The selected approach demonstrated the maximum degradation rate constant of 5.2E-04 min⁻¹cm⁻² corresponding to 15 % of TiO₂ dose by weight of cement. These findings underscore the promise of TiO₂ in purifying polluted air and advocate for its widespread implementation on building surfaces to enhance air quality.

光催化技术是缓解室内外环境中总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）排放造成的空气污染的一种重要方法。鉴于某些 TVOC 的降解速度较慢，会对健康造成危害，包括致癌，因此迫切需要有效的空气净化策略，尤其是在个人长时间逗留的建筑环境中。本研究深入探讨了二氧化钛光催化技术在建筑表面应用时减少空气污染物的功效。研究人员制备了水泥砂浆样品，在批量反应器中加入了不同剂量的 TiO2（从 7.83E-03 g/cm2 到 4.92E-02 g/cm2 不等），并在阳光照射和没有阳光照射的情况下对样品进行了检测，以测定其对 TVOC 的降解率。此外，还采用了表面表征技术来解释涂有 TiO2 涂层的灰泥样品的微观结构特性。结果表明，在 100 分钟的时间内，总挥发性有机化合物 (TVOC) 的初始浓度在 600 ppm 到 2900 ppm 之间，降解率从 1.09E-04±0.1 % 到 3.1E-4±1.13 % min-1cm-2 不等。所选方法的最大降解速率常数为 5.2E-04 min-1cm-2，相当于水泥重量中 15% 的二氧化钛剂量。这些发现强调了二氧化钛在净化污染空气方面的前景，并提倡在建筑物表面广泛使用二氧化钛，以提高空气质量。

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引用次数: 0