Building and Environment最新文献_第7页

Performance investigation of multi-functional series-connected building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal system and analysis of its multi-objective optimization design strategy 多功能串联建筑一体化光伏/供热系统的性能研究及其多目标优化设计策略分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112126

The series-connected building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) system can significantly increase the terminal temperature and achieve both power generation and heating. However, its utilization of thermal energy is limited. Airborne infectious diseases threaten indoor occupant health. Pathogenic microorganisms can be thermally inactivated, and the effectiveness of inactivation is positively correlated with exposure temperature and duration. Therefore, series-connected BIPVT system has the potential for air thermal disinfection. Based on this, a multifunctional series-connected BIPVT system that provides heating, power generation, and air purification is proposed. However, these three outputs conflict with each other, and there is a lack of optimized design strategies to maximize the system's overall output. In response, this paper develops a multi-objective optimization strategy for the system and optimizes its design across different climate zones. The main content is as follows: (1) Compared with single-stage systems, series systems can significantly improve air purification performance. The series-connected BIPVT system with the best air purification effect can increase the single-pass inactivation ratio to 100 % under the irradiance of 600 W/m² (2) The glazed photovoltaic/thermal-glazed solar thermal system has the best thermal performance and air purification performance, the thermal efficiency is 38.1 % and the clean air delivery rate is 98.6 m³/h under the irradiance of 800 W/m² (3) Compared to single-objective optimization and non-optimized designs, the multi-objective optimization design achieves the highest technique for order of preference similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) score, which is 0.5968.

串联式光伏/热建筑一体化（BIPVT）系统可显著提高终端温度，实现发电和供热。然而，它对热能的利用是有限的。空气传播的传染病威胁着室内居住者的健康。病原微生物可被热灭活，灭活效果与暴露温度和持续时间呈正相关。因此，串联 BIPVT 系统具有空气热消毒的潜力。在此基础上，我们提出了一种多功能串联 BIPVT 系统，该系统可提供加热、发电和空气净化功能。然而，这三种输出相互冲突，缺乏优化设计策略来最大化系统的整体输出。为此，本文为该系统开发了一种多目标优化策略，并在不同气候区对其进行优化设计。主要内容如下(1) 与单级系统相比，串联系统能显著提高空气净化性能。空气净化效果最好的串联式 BIPVT 系统在 600 W/m2 的辐照度下可将单级灭活率提高到 100 (2) 釉上光伏/热釉光热系统的热性能和空气净化性能最好，热效率为 38.(3) 与单目标优化设计和非优化设计相比，多目标优化设计的理想解偏好相似度排序技术（TOPSIS）得分最高，为 0.5968。

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引用次数: 0

An optimal configuration strategy of multi-chiller system based on overlap analysis and improved GA 基于重叠分析和改进 GA 的多冷却器系统优化配置策略

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112117

For design of the multi-chiller system, the configuration can be optimized that the system is high efficiency when it is operated under frequent load and operation condition in one year. Base on this idea, the paper presents a novel strategy of optimal configuration of multi-chiller system. The high hour-density range of annual load distribution and the high-efficiency region of combination of chillers are presented respectively, and their obtaining methods are developed. The overlap index is defined to evaluate the overlap between the high-efficiency region and high hour-density range, and it is maximized for the proposed optimal configuration strategy. GA is improved and employed for optimization. The proposed optimal configuration strategy is validated in a real multi-chiller system. The results show that the optimal configuration configured by the proposed strategy can improve annual Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) about 5 % comparing with the original configuration of the real system. The configurations using equivalent strategy and typical non-equivalent strategy are compared, and the results show that both of hourly COP and annual EER of the configuration of the proposed strategy are better than them. 50 random configurations enumerated from chiller candidates are also compared. The results show that the overlap index is strongly correlated to annual EER, and it can be taken as optimization object for optimal configuration. Improved GA is compared with original GA, and the results show that of computation time cost can be reduced more than 60 % by use of Improved GA. The validation results show that the proposed strategy can obtain the optimal configuration of multi-chiller system directly from chiller candidates.

在设计多冷水机系统时，可以对配置进行优化，使系统在一年内频繁负载和运行条件下都能高效运行。基于这一观点，本文提出了一种新型的多冷水机组优化配置策略。分别提出了年负荷分布的高小时密度范围和冷水机组组合的高效率区域，并开发了其获取方法。定义了重叠指数来评估高效区域和高小时密度范围之间的重叠程度，并针对所提出的优化配置策略最大化了重叠指数。改进并采用 GA 进行优化。所提出的优化配置策略在实际的多冷水机组系统中进行了验证。结果表明，与实际系统的原始配置相比，采用所提策略配置的最优配置可提高年能效比（EER）约 5%。对使用等效策略和典型非等效策略的配置进行了比较，结果表明，建议策略配置的小时 COP 和年 EER 均优于它们。同时还比较了从候选冷水机组中枚举出的 50 个随机配置。结果表明，重叠指数与年能效比密切相关，可作为最优配置的优化对象。改进后的 GA 与原始 GA 进行了比较，结果表明使用改进后的 GA 可以减少 60% 以上的计算时间成本。验证结果表明，所提出的策略可以直接从冷水机候选者中获得多冷水机系统的最优配置。

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引用次数: 0

Automating urban soundscape enhancements with AI: In-situ assessment of quality and restorativeness in traffic-exposed residential areas 利用人工智能自动改善城市声景：现场评估交通暴露住宅区的质量和修复能力

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112106

Formalized in ISO 12913, the “soundscape” approach is a paradigmatic shift towards perception-based urban sound management, aiming to alleviate the substantial socioeconomic costs of noise pollution to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Focusing on traffic-exposed outdoor residential sites, we implemented an automatic masker selection system (AMSS) utilizing natural sounds to mask (or augment) traffic soundscapes. We employed a pre-trained AI model to automatically select the optimal masker and adjust its playback level, adapting to changes over time in the ambient environment to maximize “Pleasantness”, a perceptual dimension of soundscape quality in ISO 12913. Our validation study involving (

N = 68

) residents revealed a significant 14.6 % enhancement in “Pleasantness” after intervention, correlating with increased restorativeness and positive affect. Perceptual enhancements at the traffic-exposed site matched those at a quieter control site with 6 dB(A) lower

L_{A,eq}

and road traffic noise dominance, affirming the efficacy of AMSS as a soundscape intervention, while streamlining the labour-intensive assessment of “Pleasantness” with probabilistic AI prediction.

声景 "方法已在 ISO 12913 中正式确立，是向基于感知的城市声音管理模式的转变，旨在减轻噪声污染造成的巨大社会经济损失，从而推进联合国可持续发展目标的实现。我们以交通暴露的室外住宅区为重点，实施了一个自动掩蔽器选择系统（AMSS），利用自然声音掩蔽（或增强）交通声景。我们采用了一个预先训练好的人工智能模型来自动选择最佳掩蔽器并调整其播放水平，以适应环境随时间发生的变化，从而最大限度地提高 "愉悦度"，这是 ISO 12913 中声景质量的一个感知维度。我们对居民（68 人）进行的验证研究显示，干预后 "愉悦度 "显著提高了 14.6%，这与恢复能力和积极情绪的提高相关。交通暴露地点的感知增强效果与 LA,eq 低 6 dB(A) 且道路交通噪声占主导地位的较安静对照地点的感知增强效果相当，这肯定了 AMSS 作为声景干预措施的功效，同时通过概率人工智能预测简化了 "愉悦度 "的劳动密集型评估。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the elderly's perception of microclimate and activity time in residential communities 关于老年人对住宅小区微气候和活动时间的感知的研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112125

The significance of outdoor environment is increasingly being recognized, particularly for the elderly. Using residential community green spaces is beneficial for their physical and mental health. This study aims to explore the thermal comfort, usage patterns, and microclimate preferences of the elderly through environmental factors and demographic information. Field measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted across 19 residential communities in 3 cities within Building Climate Zone II in China during the summer. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine various factors related to the elderly's thermal comfort, duration of activity, and microclimate preferences. The study revealed that elderly residents in communities of various types experience different thermal comfort levels and have different durations of activity and preferences for microclimates. In addition, elderly adults with longer activity durations are less likely to prefer windless, drier, and more sunlight environments in the summer. Built environmental factors, personal factors, and features of public facilities were also found to have an impact on thermal comfort and activity. These empirical findings provide urban planners with insights to better cater to the needs of the elderly in residential area design, emphasizing the importance of considering thermal comfort and microclimate preferences in the planning process.

人们越来越认识到户外环境的重要性，尤其是对老年人而言。使用住宅社区绿地有益于老年人的身心健康。本研究旨在通过环境因素和人口统计信息，探讨老年人的热舒适度、使用模式和微气候偏好。研究人员在夏季对中国建筑气候二区 3 个城市的 19 个住宅小区进行了实地测量和问卷调查。研究采用了描述性分析和逻辑回归分析来考察与老年人热舒适度、活动持续时间和微气候偏好相关的各种因素。研究结果表明，在不同类型的社区中，老年居民的热舒适度不同，活动持续时间和对微气候的偏好也不同。此外，活动时间较长的老年人不太喜欢夏季无风、较干燥和日照较强的环境。研究还发现，建筑环境因素、个人因素和公共设施的特点也会对热舒适度和活动产生影响。这些实证研究结果为城市规划者在住宅区设计中更好地满足老年人的需求提供了启示，强调了在规划过程中考虑热舒适度和微气候偏好的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Inferring personal daylighting preferences using HDRI and deep learning techniques 利用 HDRI 和深度学习技术推断个人日光偏好

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112128

This paper presents a new method for classifying daylighting preferences based on deep learning models trained with pixelwise similarity features extracted from pairs of luminance maps. A new composite luminance similarity index is developed, which utilizes the pixelwise information from the entire luminance distribution and considers both the direction and magnitude of relative luminance change, instead of instantaneous metrics used in previous studies. The generated luminance and contrast similarity maps were directly used for training convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the occupant's visual preferences. Daylighting preference datasets for 11 individuals, collected in real offices using pairwise HDR images with simultaneous binary preference feedback, were used to evaluate the preference classification performance. The results proved the superiority of the luminance similarity index map as a preference indicator variable. CNN models trained with luminance similarity index maps showed impressive classification accuracy for all tested subjects in the dataset and exhibit more stable training and higher test accuracy compared to models trained with raw luminance maps. Common static lighting parameters cannot estimate daylight preferences even when used in powerful computational models; they neglect visual information located in various parts of the visual scene and cannot consider the change in perceived luminance distribution. Utilizing the full potential of HDRI sensing through detailed luminance mapping and feature extraction is an important step toward human-centered daylighting operation.

本文介绍了一种基于深度学习模型的日光偏好分类新方法，该模型由从亮度图对中提取的像素相似性特征训练而成。该方法利用了整个亮度分布的像素信息，并考虑了相对亮度变化的方向和幅度，而不是以往研究中使用的瞬时指标。生成的亮度和对比度相似性图直接用于训练卷积神经网络（CNN）模型，以对居住者的视觉偏好进行分类。在实际办公室中收集了 11 个人的日照偏好数据集，使用成对的 HDR 图像和同步的二元偏好反馈来评估偏好分类性能。结果证明了亮度相似性指数图作为偏好指标变量的优越性。与使用原始亮度图训练的模型相比，使用亮度相似性指数图训练的 CNN 模型对数据集中的所有测试对象都表现出了令人印象深刻的分类准确性，并表现出更稳定的训练和更高的测试准确性。即使在强大的计算模型中使用普通的静态照明参数，也无法估计日光偏好；这些参数忽略了视觉场景各部分的视觉信息，也无法考虑感知亮度分布的变化。通过详细的亮度映射和特征提取充分发挥 HDRI 传感的潜力，是实现以人为本的日光照明操作的重要一步。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of gymnasium envelope and daylight pattern on exercisers’ feedback in a virtual reality 体育馆围墙和日光模式对虚拟现实中运动者反馈的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112124

The daylight environment determined by the building envelope significantly influences the exercisers' well-being and perception. However, assessment methods that focus on exercisers' feedback for gymnasium envelope and associated daylight pattern have rarely been explored. Additionally, changing the detailed envelope form is time-consuming and costly in physical environment. The Cave Automated Virtual Environment (CAVE) was employed to investigate exercisers' feedback under a virtual matrix of four ratio of covered shadings on the facade (SFCR) conditions and four skylight (SL) conditions. Feedback from exercisers consisted of subjective and attention quality evaluation. The subjective evaluation was employed to measure psychosocial perception of exercisers and validity of virtual environment, including comprehensive assessment, psychological perception, the Igroup presence questionnaire (IPQ), and the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ). Furthermore, exercisers' attention quality was also evaluated by task efficiency of the attention task and physiological responses including electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV). The results indicated that envelope form have significant impact on exercisers' feedback, suggesting that existing gymnasium envelope and irregular daylight pattern were inefficient for improving exercisers' perception. Specifically, better feedback was reported in conditions with SFCR3 (SFCR = 0.7) and SL3 (strip skylight) or SL4 (ring skylight), while the worst feedback was reported in conditions with SL2 (spot skylight), followed by conditions with SFCR1 (SFCR = 0) and SL1 (no-skylight), which were designed to replicate a real gymnasium. The novel assessment method for measuring exercisers' feedback in virtual environment has demonstrated its potential to enhance exercisers’ perception, health, and efficiency.

由建筑围护结构决定的日光环境对锻炼者的健康和感知有很大影响。然而，很少有人探讨过以锻炼者对体育馆围护结构和相关日照模式的反馈为重点的评估方法。此外，在物理环境中，改变详细的围护结构形式既费时又费钱。我们采用了洞穴自动虚拟环境（CAVE）来研究在四种外墙遮阳比例（SFCR）条件和四种天窗（SL）条件的虚拟矩阵下锻炼者的反馈。练习者的反馈包括主观评价和注意力质量评价。主观评价用于测量锻炼者的社会心理感知和虚拟环境的有效性，包括综合评估、心理感知、群体存在感问卷（IPQ）和虚拟现实病症问卷（VRSQ）。此外，还通过注意力任务的任务效率和生理反应（包括皮电活动（EDA）和心率变异性（HRV））评估了锻炼者的注意力质量。结果表明，包络线形式对运动者的反馈有显著影响，表明现有的体育馆包络线和不规则的日光模式不能有效改善运动者的感知。具体而言，SFCR3（SFCR = 0.7）和 SL3（条状天窗）或 SL4（环状天窗）条件下的反馈较好，而 SL2（点状天窗）条件下的反馈最差，其次是 SFCR1（SFCR = 0）和 SL1（无天窗）条件下的反馈。在虚拟环境中测量锻炼者反馈的新型评估方法证明了其在提高锻炼者感知、健康和效率方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Optimising indoor environmental quality: Development of a benchmarking tool for valuing performance in office buildings 优化室内环境质量：开发用于评估办公楼性能的基准工具

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112120

A novel benchmarking tool, the Building Office Benchmark (BOB) tool, has been developed to evaluate the economic benefit of increased work performance by upgrading the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in office buildings. Utilising post occupancy evaluations in Danish and Greenlandic office buildings (26 buildings in Denmark and 22 buildings in Greenland comprising a total of 153 offices), a database comprising registration of building properties, measurements of IEQ parameters and occupant responses has been established. This may be used not only to benchmark the indoor environment in office buildings but also to identify suboptimal conditions and, based on this, quantify the economic benefits of indoor environment upgrades.

Informed by literature review findings, the tool's IEQ domains and weightings of different IEQ domains and parameters align with existing certification schemes. The tool may be used to outline the economic advantages of IEQ improvements, presented straightforwardly to building owners and tenants. Overall, the tool presents a framework for assessing and improving IEQ in office environments.

我们开发了一种新颖的基准工具--办公楼基准（BOB）工具，用于评估通过提升办公楼的室内环境质量（IEQ）来提高工作绩效的经济效益。通过对丹麦和格陵兰的办公建筑（丹麦的 26 座建筑和格陵兰的 22 座建筑，共 153 间办公室）进行入住后评估，建立了一个包括建筑属性登记、IEQ 参数测量和入住者反应的数据库。该数据库不仅可用于确定办公楼室内环境的基准，还可用于识别次优条件，并在此基础上量化室内环境升级的经济效益。根据文献综述结果，该工具的 IEQ 领域以及不同 IEQ 领域和参数的权重与现有认证计划一致。该工具可用于概述改善室内环境质量的经济优势，并直接介绍给建筑物业主和租户。总之，该工具为评估和改善办公环境的 IEQ 提供了一个框架。

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引用次数: 0

Hygrothermal performance of ventilated attics: A field study in cold climate 通风阁楼的湿热性能：寒冷气候下的实地研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112114

Ventilated attic constructions have long been considered reliable designs for cold climates. However, concerns have arisen due to climate change, high thermal insulation levels, and instances of detected mould damage in specific locations. To address these issues, we conducted a study involving six different well-insulated, wooden, ventilated attic constructions within purpose-built test buildings. These structures employed two distinct ventilation solutions, two types of underlay materials, and two thermal insulation materials. During the test period, none of the structures exhibited condensation or visible mould growth. The calculated mould indices remained well below 1, indicating good hygrothermal performance. The two attics with the lowest air change rates also had the lowest average relative humidity levels and mould indices. Based on our findings, there is no need to maximize the air change rate in ventilated attics for cold climates; instead, determining an optimal ventilation rate is crucial.

通风阁楼一直被认为是寒冷气候条件下的可靠设计。然而，由于气候变化、高隔热水平以及在特定地点检测到的霉菌破坏情况，人们开始担心这些问题。为了解决这些问题，我们在专门建造的测试建筑内进行了一项研究，涉及六种不同的隔热性能良好的木制通风阁楼结构。这些建筑采用了两种不同的通风方案、两种垫层材料和两种隔热材料。在测试期间，没有任何结构出现冷凝或明显的霉菌生长。计算得出的霉菌指数仍远低于 1，表明其具有良好的湿热性能。换气率最低的两个阁楼的平均相对湿度和霉菌指数也最低。根据我们的研究结果，在寒冷气候条件下，通风阁楼没有必要最大限度地提高换气率；相反，确定最佳通风率至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Educational environments’ energy demand optimization based on indoor CO2 concentration and temperature: Together better than separately 根据室内二氧化碳浓度和温度优化教育环境的能源需求：结合比分开更好

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112121

Although optimization tools have been widely used to both minimize and control the energy consumption of buildings maintaining thermal comfort, the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic showed the relevance of considering the indoor air quality to act on the ventilation system.

However, CO₂ concentrations in closed environments with high occupancy rates, such as classrooms in schools, universities, or other educational environments, increase rapidly without effective ventilation, reaching the safe limits in about 15–30 min. Observing that the natural ventilation guides indicated by governments were insufficient to keep safe and comfortable spaces simultaneously, this study analyzes how mechanical heating, cooling, and ventilation systems would improve these results by using optimized control strategies in the same buildings that now use natural ventilation.

Setting the objective function to minimize energy consumption, this study optimizes the use of mechanical systems considering the indoor temperature and CO₂ concentration of educational indoor spaces in 4 types of schools and 3 climate zones in winter and summer. Results show that, at full occupancy, the ventilation should activate every 12 min, making slow-frequency control strategies inappropriate to keep the spaces safe.

A 1-min step modeling asks for high computation that makes it critical for real-time control strategies, however, it allows a perfect setting of the working limits for legacy conditional equipment for establishing control policies on a one-day horizon.

虽然优化工具已被广泛应用于最大限度地减少和控制建筑物的能耗，以保持热舒适度，但 COVID-19 大流行病的巨大影响表明，考虑室内空气质量对通风系统的作用是有意义的。然而，在高入住率的封闭环境中，如中小学、大学的教室或其他教育环境，如果没有有效的通风，二氧化碳浓度会迅速增加，大约在 15-30 分钟内达到安全极限。本研究分析了在目前使用自然通风的相同建筑中，机械供暖、制冷和通风系统如何通过使用优化控制策略来改善这些结果。本研究将目标函数设定为能耗最小化，考虑到 4 种类型学校和 3 个气候区冬季和夏季教育室内空间的室内温度和二氧化碳浓度，对机械系统的使用进行了优化。结果表明，在满员情况下，通风设备应每 12 分钟启动一次，因此慢频率控制策略不适合保证空间安全。1 分钟步进建模要求较高的计算量，这对实时控制策略至关重要，但它允许完美设置传统条件设备的工作限制，以建立一天范围内的控制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal-material priming: The influence of building materials on thermal perception and tolerance in immersive virtual environments 热材料引物：建筑材料对沉浸式虚拟环境中热感知和耐受性的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112073

The effects of color and lighting on thermal perception and comfort have been studied through a multitude of methods, including virtual reality (VR) simulations as well as in vivo studies. The potential role of surface materials, however, remains poorly understood in this regard, even though materials and surface colors are clearly related factors in the perception of building interiors. In this study, we tested two Virtual Reality (VR) office spaces, one designed with wood and one with concrete. 38 participants (N = 38) were recruited to complete a simple reading task over fifteen minutes while being seated in a controlled temperature thermal booth. During this time, the booth temperature dropped by an average of 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) per minute from 22.2 °C (72 °F) to 17.7 °C (64 °F). Participants had the perceived ability to control the room’s temperature via a virtual reality interface, an action that served as a measure of “thermal tolerance” based on how long it took participants to try and stop the constant temperature drop in the thermal booth during the experimental task. Participants were surveyed after the study to state their perceived starting and ending room temperature. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the wood room was perceived as warmer overall than the concrete room. However, the results for the “thermal tolerance” metric varied based on the current outside temperature as we predict participants expected different interior temperature regimes in warm compared to cool outdoor conditions. The perception of the concrete room as cooler than the wood room showed the greatest correllation with thermal tolerance when outdoor temperatures were warm, increasing thermal comfort in the concrete room. The results of the study validate the hue-heat hypothesis for architectural building materials and support the potential for thermal perception to induce actionable behavior and promote passive energy savings through the choice of interior building materials.

人们已经通过多种方法，包括虚拟现实（VR）模拟和活体研究，研究了色彩和照明对热感知和舒适度的影响。然而，人们对表面材料在这方面的潜在作用仍然知之甚少，尽管材料和表面颜色显然是影响建筑内部感知的相关因素。在这项研究中，我们测试了两个虚拟现实（VR）办公空间，一个是木质设计，另一个是混凝土设计。我们招募了 38 名参与者（N = 38），让他们在 15 分钟内完成一项简单的阅读任务，同时让他们坐在一个温度可控的热室中。在此期间，恒温室的温度平均每分钟下降 0.3 °C（0.5 °F），从 22.2 °C（72 °F）降至 17.7 °C（64 °F）。参与者可以通过虚拟现实界面控制室内温度，这一操作可作为 "热耐受性 "的衡量标准，其依据是参与者在实验过程中试图阻止恒温室温度持续下降所花费的时间。研究结束后，对参与者进行了调查，以了解他们感知到的起始和终止室温。结果证实了木制房间总体温度高于混凝土房间的假设。然而，"热耐受性 "指标的结果却因当前室外温度的不同而不同，因为我们预测，在温暖和凉爽的室外条件下，参与者对室内温度的预期不同。当室外温度较高时，混凝土房间比木制房间更凉爽的感觉与热耐受性的相关性最大，从而提高了混凝土房间的热舒适度。研究结果验证了建筑材料的色调-热量假说，并支持热感知通过选择室内建筑材料诱导可操作行为和促进被动式节能的潜力。

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引用次数: 0