The development of rabbit breeding requires research in various fields to ensure a high-grade product. One of the most important areas is the study of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. For the study, sacculus rotundus samples of clinically healthy rabbits of 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days of age were collected. Microslide pictures were taken from the obtained intestine material. From the photos of the microslides, the characteristics of the slice area of aggregated lymphatic nodules, germinal centres and interfollicular regions were studied. The results can be used as indicators of the normal condition of healthy rabbits from the Hyplus meat breed.
{"title":"Slice area assessment of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of sacculus rotundus in Hiplus rabbits","authors":"M. Nikitina","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0086","url":null,"abstract":"The development of rabbit breeding requires research in various fields to ensure a high-grade product. One of the most important areas is the study of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. For the study, sacculus rotundus samples of clinically healthy rabbits of 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days of age were collected. Microslide pictures were taken from the obtained intestine material. From the photos of the microslides, the characteristics of the slice area of aggregated lymphatic nodules, germinal centres and interfollicular regions were studied. The results can be used as indicators of the normal condition of healthy rabbits from the Hyplus meat breed.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86121343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Grigorova, Z. Ivanova, E. Vachkova, T. Tacheva, I. Penchev Georgiev
This study investigated the effect of different types of long-chain fatty acids and their combination on the triglyceride accumulation, glucose utilisation, and lipolysis in already obese adipocytes. 3T3-L1 MBX cells were first differentiated into mature adipocytes using adipogenic inducers (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and high glucose), then 100 µM 0.1% ethanol extracts of palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were applied for nine days. Unsaturated fatty acids decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation while maintaining glucose utilisation levels. However, unlike OA, self-administration of DHA only intensified lipolysis by 25% vs induced untreated control (IC), which may have a direct detrimental impact on the whole body’s metabolic state. DHA applied in equal proportion with PA elevated triglyceride accumulation by 10% compared to IC, but applied with OA, enhanced glucose uptake without any significant changes in the lipogenic drive and the lipolytic rate, suggesting that this unsaturated fatty acids combination may offer a considerable advantage in amelioration of obesity-related disorders.
{"title":"Co-administration of oleic and docosahexaenoic acids enhances glucose uptake rather than lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell culture","authors":"N. Grigorova, Z. Ivanova, E. Vachkova, T. Tacheva, I. Penchev Georgiev","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2390","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of different types of long-chain fatty acids and their combination on the triglyceride accumulation, glucose utilisation, and lipolysis in already obese adipocytes. 3T3-L1 MBX cells were first differentiated into mature adipocytes using adipogenic inducers (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and high glucose), then 100 µM 0.1% ethanol extracts of palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were applied for nine days. Unsaturated fatty acids decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation while maintaining glucose utilisation levels. However, unlike OA, self-administration of DHA only intensified lipolysis by 25% vs induced untreated control (IC), which may have a direct detrimental impact on the whole body’s metabolic state. DHA applied in equal proportion with PA elevated triglyceride accumulation by 10% compared to IC, but applied with OA, enhanced glucose uptake without any significant changes in the lipogenic drive and the lipolytic rate, suggesting that this unsaturated fatty acids combination may offer a considerable advantage in amelioration of obesity-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89543854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Valchev, K. Stoyanchev, V. Marutsova, D. Kanakov, L. Lazarov, T. Hristov, R. Binev
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of a mycotoxin binder (Mycotox NG 0.05%) in 40 day-old Toulouse geese from both sexes with experimental aflatoxicosis. The birds were reared from day one to 42 days of age on deep litter system and divided into four groups. Normal feed free of aflatoxin (AFB1), was given to the control (Group 1). The feed of Group 2 was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, aflatoxin (0.5 mg/kg feed) was supplemented to the feed of Group 3 and Mycotox NG (0.05%) + 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 - to the feed of Group 4. Production parameters (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion) and relative organ weights were recorded. The results showed that the total feed intake, final live weight of Mycotox NG + AFB1 treated birds (Group 4) at 6 weeks of age were significantly increased (P<0.01) as compared to birds treated only with AFB1 (Group 3). The total feed conversion ratio of the group given AFB1 only (Group 3) at 6 weeks of age was significantly increased (P<0.01) compared to controls while in Mycotox Ng + AFB1 treated birds (Group-4) it was significantly increased (P<0.01) by post treatment week 1 vs controls, but not as compared to birds treated with AFB1 alone. There was a significant increase in relative weights of liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard in birds fed only aflatoxin (Group 3). The co-administration of Mycotox NG (0.5 g/kg feed) with AFB1 (Group 4) reduced the relative weights of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The study concluded that dietary supplementation of Mycotox NG could partially neutralise aflatoxicity in geese.
本研究旨在评价一种真菌毒素黏合剂(Mycotox NG 0.05%)对40日龄实验性黄曲霉中毒图卢兹鹅的有益作用。采用深窝制饲养1 ~ 42日龄，分为4组。对照组(1组)饲喂不含黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)的正常饲料，对照组(2组)饲料中添加0.5 g/kg的黄曲霉毒素NG，对照组(3组)饲料中添加0.5 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素NG，对照组(4组)饲料中添加0.05%的霉菌毒素NG + 0.5 mg/kg的AFB1 -。记录生产参数(增重、采食量、饲料系数)和相对脏器重。结果表明,总采食量,最后生活的重量Mycotox NG + AFB1鸟(4组)治疗6周的年龄显著增加(P < 0.01)与鸟类治疗只有AFB1(组3)。集团总饲料转化率比给定AFB1只在6周(组3)的年龄是显著增加(P < 0.01)相比,控制在Mycotox NG + AFB1鸟(第4组)治疗显著增加(P < 0.01),治疗后1周和控制,但与单独接受AFB1治疗的鸟类相比，情况并非如此。单独饲喂黄曲霉毒素(3组)的雏鸡肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、心脏、胰腺、前心室和胗的相对重量显著增加。与AFB1(4组)同时饲喂0.5 g/kg的真菌毒素NG可降低胸腺和法氏囊的相对重量。本研究表明，饲粮中添加真菌毒素NG可部分中和鹅黄曲霉毒素。
{"title":"Evaluation of mycotoxin binder supplementation on production parameters and organ weights in Toulouse geese with experimental aflatoxicosis","authors":"I. Valchev, K. Stoyanchev, V. Marutsova, D. Kanakov, L. Lazarov, T. Hristov, R. Binev","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2341","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of a mycotoxin binder (Mycotox NG 0.05%) in 40 day-old Toulouse geese from both sexes with experimental aflatoxicosis. The birds were reared from day one to 42 days of age on deep litter system and divided into four groups. Normal feed free of aflatoxin (AFB1), was given to the control (Group 1). The feed of Group 2 was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, aflatoxin (0.5 mg/kg feed) was supplemented to the feed of Group 3 and Mycotox NG (0.05%) + 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 - to the feed of Group 4. Production parameters (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion) and relative organ weights were recorded. The results showed that the total feed intake, final live weight of Mycotox NG + AFB1 treated birds (Group 4) at 6 weeks of age were significantly increased (P<0.01) as compared to birds treated only with AFB1 (Group 3). The total feed conversion ratio of the group given AFB1 only (Group 3) at 6 weeks of age was significantly increased (P<0.01) compared to controls while in Mycotox Ng + AFB1 treated birds (Group-4) it was significantly increased (P<0.01) by post treatment week 1 vs controls, but not as compared to birds treated with AFB1 alone. There was a significant increase in relative weights of liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard in birds fed only aflatoxin (Group 3). The co-administration of Mycotox NG (0.5 g/kg feed) with AFB1 (Group 4) reduced the relative weights of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The study concluded that dietary supplementation of Mycotox NG could partially neutralise aflatoxicity in geese.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81083556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endotoxaemia is an inflammatory condition which happens due to the presence of outer cell wall layer of Gram-negative bacteria in blood circulation, containing lipopolysaccharide commonly known as endotoxin. This condition causes high mortality in affected animals and sheep are highly susceptible in this regard. Several researchers have emphasised the therapeutic regimens of endotoxaemia and its sequels in sheep. Furthermore, sheep are among the most commonly used animal species in experimental studies on endotoxaemia, and for the past five decades, ovine models have been employed to evaluate different aspects of endotoxaemia. Currently, there are several studies on experimentally induced endotoxaemia in sheep, and information regarding novel therapeutic protocols in this species contributes to better understanding and treating the condition. This review aims to specifically introduce various treatment methods of endotoxaemia in sheep.
{"title":"Therapeutic regimens of endotoxaemia in sheep","authors":"A. Chalmeh","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Endotoxaemia is an inflammatory condition which happens due to the presence of outer cell wall layer of Gram-negative bacteria in blood circulation, containing lipopolysaccharide commonly known as endotoxin. This condition causes high mortality in affected animals and sheep are highly susceptible in this regard. Several researchers have emphasised the therapeutic regimens of endotoxaemia and its sequels in sheep. Furthermore, sheep are among the most commonly used animal species in experimental studies on endotoxaemia, and for the past five decades, ovine models have been employed to evaluate different aspects of endotoxaemia. Currently, there are several studies on experimentally induced endotoxaemia in sheep, and information regarding novel therapeutic protocols in this species contributes to better understanding and treating the condition. This review aims to specifically introduce various treatment methods of endotoxaemia in sheep.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78416608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, two obligatory intracellular protozoan parasites, are important causes of neonatal mortality and abortion in farmed ruminants worldwide. Previously, protozoan abortions in small ruminants were attributed to T. gondii, but the role of N. caninum in these abortions was uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of T. gondii and N. caninum in ovine abortion in Urmia, northwest of Iran using a molecular method. Overall, 130 placenta and brain samples of aborted ovine foetuses were collected. Extracted DNA from placenta and CNS tissues of the aborted foetuses were analysed using PCR with primers specific for T. gondii and N. caninum. The association of the frequency of T. gondii and N. caninum infection of aborted foetuses with age and breed in flocks was also studied. The results showed that out of the 130 examined ovine foetuses, 5.3 and 2.3 % were PCR-positive for T. gondii and N. caninum DNA, respectively. In this study, no significant differences were recorded relating to Toxoplasma and Neospora infection in different age groups in flocks and among sheep breeds included in the present study (P>0.05). The results of this study proved the importance of T. gondii and N. caninum as reasons of abortion in the studied area.
{"title":"Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum as cause of ovine abortion in affected flocks of Urmia, northwest of Iran","authors":"A. Khodadadi, F. Malekifard, R. Batavani","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0104","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, two obligatory intracellular protozoan parasites, are important causes of neonatal mortality and abortion in farmed ruminants worldwide. Previously, protozoan abortions in small ruminants were attributed to T. gondii, but the role of N. caninum in these abortions was uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of T. gondii and N. caninum in ovine abortion in Urmia, northwest of Iran using a molecular method. Overall, 130 placenta and brain samples of aborted ovine foetuses were collected. Extracted DNA from placenta and CNS tissues of the aborted foetuses were analysed using PCR with primers specific for T. gondii and N. caninum. The association of the frequency of T. gondii and N. caninum infection of aborted foetuses with age and breed in flocks was also studied. The results showed that out of the 130 examined ovine foetuses, 5.3 and 2.3 % were PCR-positive for T. gondii and N. caninum DNA, respectively. In this study, no significant differences were recorded relating to Toxoplasma and Neospora infection in different age groups in flocks and among sheep breeds included in the present study (P>0.05). The results of this study proved the importance of T. gondii and N. caninum as reasons of abortion in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Yevstafieva, V. Melnychuk, T. Bakhur, L. Nagorna, O. Nikiforova, I. Yatsenko, O. Reshetylo
Capillariids are a family of parasitic nematodes characterised by significant fluctuations of the taxonomic value of morphological features at the genus and species levels. Here, we present the results of a study identifying features of Baruscapillaria obsignata and Aonchoteca bursata, obtained from domestic chickens. Aside from the morphological differences in the studied capillariid species, significant differences in 14 metrical parameters of males and in 8 in females were found out. The comparative metrical analysis of eggs revealed significant differences in 4 parameters between B. obsignata and A. bursata. According to the conducted analysis, metrical comparative indices may enhance and increase the effectiveness of species identification based on the species-specific features of males and females.
{"title":"Species-specific features of Aonchoteca bursata and Baruscapillaria obsignata (Nematoda, Capillariidae), infecting domestic chickens (Gallus gallus dom.)","authors":"V. Yevstafieva, V. Melnychuk, T. Bakhur, L. Nagorna, O. Nikiforova, I. Yatsenko, O. Reshetylo","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2360","url":null,"abstract":"Capillariids are a family of parasitic nematodes characterised by significant fluctuations of the taxonomic value of morphological features at the genus and species levels. Here, we present the results of a study identifying features of Baruscapillaria obsignata and Aonchoteca bursata, obtained from domestic chickens. Aside from the morphological differences in the studied capillariid species, significant differences in 14 metrical parameters of males and in 8 in females were found out. The comparative metrical analysis of eggs revealed significant differences in 4 parameters between B. obsignata and A. bursata. According to the conducted analysis, metrical comparative indices may enhance and increase the effectiveness of species identification based on the species-specific features of males and females.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75249299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present studies were carried out to establish the causes for appearance, prevalence, age- and sex-related features, the frequency and 24-hour pattern of clinical signs accompanying the tongue rolling stereotypy in cattle. The animals were distributed in 2 groups: group I (n=1055) – control animals that did not demonstrate the tongue play orosthenic syndrome and group II (n=48) – cattle manifesting this stereotypy. Both groups were uniform with regard to age, breed, body condition and sex. They were placed under equal housing conditions (animal hygiene parameters, feed quantity and quality) and activity regimens (walks, feeding etc.). It was found out that the causes for demonstration of the tongue rolling hyperactivity in cattle were the deprivation from food and boredom, due to deficiency of environmental stimuli. The studied stereotypy was observed in cattle in different age groups – suckling and weaned calves, as well as heifers, including pregnant ones. The tongue play activity was no longer exhibited by heifers after calving and moving into the basic herd of lactating cows. The highest intensity (up to 80%) of this orosthenic syndrome was manifested before the morning feeding, between 9.00 and 12.00 AM. Most commonly, the tongue rolling activity was found out in heifers between 13 to 25 months of age. The studied oral stereotypy was not accompanied with changes in measured clinical parameters – rectal body temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, rumen movements, as well as in other activities e.g. rumination, eructation, appetite, sentience, locomotion etc.
{"title":"Tongue rolling stereotypy in cattle – etiological, epidemiological and clinical investigations","authors":"R. Binev","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2336","url":null,"abstract":"The present studies were carried out to establish the causes for appearance, prevalence, age- and sex-related features, the frequency and 24-hour pattern of clinical signs accompanying the tongue rolling stereotypy in cattle. The animals were distributed in 2 groups: group I (n=1055) – control animals that did not demonstrate the tongue play orosthenic syndrome and group II (n=48) – cattle manifesting this stereotypy. Both groups were uniform with regard to age, breed, body condition and sex. They were placed under equal housing conditions (animal hygiene parameters, feed quantity and quality) and activity regimens (walks, feeding etc.). It was found out that the causes for demonstration of the tongue rolling hyperactivity in cattle were the deprivation from food and boredom, due to deficiency of environmental stimuli. The studied stereotypy was observed in cattle in different age groups – suckling and weaned calves, as well as heifers, including pregnant ones. The tongue play activity was no longer exhibited by heifers after calving and moving into the basic herd of lactating cows. The highest intensity (up to 80%) of this orosthenic syndrome was manifested before the morning feeding, between 9.00 and 12.00 AM. Most commonly, the tongue rolling activity was found out in heifers between 13 to 25 months of age. The studied oral stereotypy was not accompanied with changes in measured clinical parameters – rectal body temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, rumen movements, as well as in other activities e.g. rumination, eructation, appetite, sentience, locomotion etc.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83566405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. P. CASTRO-FORERO, D. M. B. D. M. Bulla-Castañeda, H. A. López Buitrago, A. M. Díaz Anaya, L. M. Madeira de Carvalho, M. Pulido-Medellín
Sarcocystosis infection is caused by protozoan cysts of genus Sarcocystis spp. where S. hominis, S. heydorni (bovines) and S. suihominis (porcine) are the most relevant for humans because of their zoonotic potential. S. cruzi, S. suihominis and S. ovicanis represent the most pathogenic species for cattle, pigs and sheep respectively. This infection has a worldwide importance due to its high transmission; besides to represent a zoonosis, it generates great economics losses. The main diagnostic methods for this disease are artificial digestion, PCR, indirect ELISA, and compression analysis. It’s important to highlight few studies on Sarcocystis spp., especially the ones involving the pursuit of effective treatments to control the infection for both humans and animals, however, some studies have reported that treatments such as cotrimoxazole and albendazole with or without prednisone are effective in counteracting symptoms in humans, considering the lack of reports about Sarcocystis spp. prevalence in Colombia.
{"title":"Sarcocystis spp., a parasite with zoonotic potential","authors":"S. P. CASTRO-FORERO, D. M. B. D. M. Bulla-Castañeda, H. A. López Buitrago, A. M. Díaz Anaya, L. M. Madeira de Carvalho, M. Pulido-Medellín","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2019-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2019-0129","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcocystosis infection is caused by protozoan cysts of genus Sarcocystis spp. where S. hominis, S. heydorni (bovines) and S. suihominis (porcine) are the most relevant for humans because of their zoonotic potential. S. cruzi, S. suihominis and S. ovicanis represent the most pathogenic species for cattle, pigs and sheep respectively. This infection has a worldwide importance due to its high transmission; besides to represent a zoonosis, it generates great economics losses. The main diagnostic methods for this disease are artificial digestion, PCR, indirect ELISA, and compression analysis. It’s important to highlight few studies on Sarcocystis spp., especially the ones involving the pursuit of effective treatments to control the infection for both humans and animals, however, some studies have reported that treatments such as cotrimoxazole and albendazole with or without prednisone are effective in counteracting symptoms in humans, considering the lack of reports about Sarcocystis spp. prevalence in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85177291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of thermographic examination of calves with septic arthritis with other diagnostic techniques such as synovial fluid analysis, radiography, ultrasonography and arthroscopy. Thirteen affected joints from eleven calves were used for the trial. The noninfected joints of the trial calves were used as negative controls. Thermography findings showed that heat from 100% of the affected joints was significantly increased. Subchondral osteolysis and new periosteal bone proliferation of articular bones and widening of the intra-articular joint spaces was observed in 10 joints (76.9%) using radiography. Ultrasound examination of all affected joints showed increased effusion with moderate homogeneous echoic structure. Arthroscopic examination showed synovitis and erosion of cartilage in 61.5% and osteophytic formation in 30.7% of affected joints. All diagnostic methods could be used to diagnose joint disease but it was found that thermographic examination in calves with septic arthritis is an easy convenient method to make an earlier diagnosis, which improves treatment success rates.
{"title":"The use of infrared thermography in the early diagnosis of septic arthritis in calves","authors":"M. Arıcan, H. Erol, S. Altan, Ö. Köylü","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0035","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of thermographic examination of calves with septic arthritis with other diagnostic techniques such as synovial fluid analysis, radiography, ultrasonography and arthroscopy. Thirteen affected joints from eleven calves were used for the trial. The noninfected joints of the trial calves were used as negative controls. Thermography findings showed that heat from 100% of the affected joints was significantly increased. Subchondral osteolysis and new periosteal bone proliferation of articular bones and widening of the intra-articular joint spaces was observed in 10 joints (76.9%) using radiography. Ultrasound examination of all affected joints showed increased effusion with moderate homogeneous echoic structure. Arthroscopic examination showed synovitis and erosion of cartilage in 61.5% and osteophytic formation in 30.7% of affected joints. All diagnostic methods could be used to diagnose joint disease but it was found that thermographic examination in calves with septic arthritis is an easy convenient method to make an earlier diagnosis, which improves treatment success rates.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80839754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, gross anatomical and microscopic features of interscapular (IsFD) and inguinal (InFD) fat depots of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were evaluated. Rabbits were equally distributed into 4 groups: 1st - newborns, 2nd - 1 month old, 3rd - 2 months old and 4th - 3 months old. The cranial subcutaneous fat pad in newborns covered dorsal and ventral cervical and interscapular regions. As age advanced, cervical lobes underwent a rapid reduction but the development of interscapular lobes continued. IsFD in rabbits from 1st and 2nd group was composed of both white and brown adipocytes, while in 3rd and 4th groups it consisted of white adipocytes only. InFD in rabbits from all tested groups occupied respective inguinal region and no age-dependent changes in shape and topography were observed. In all groups InFD was composed of white adipocytes only. The highest growth rate of interscapular and inguinal adipocytes was established in one-month-old rabbits. Differences in anatomy and histology of interscapular and inguinal fat depots in rabbits could be successfully used for comparison in other experiments in the field of adipobiology and autologous transplantation, where fat depots undergo significant morphological changes.
{"title":"Dynamics of the development of subcutaneous fat depots in rabbits – a gross anatomical and microscopic study","authors":"P. Yonkova","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2373","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, gross anatomical and microscopic features of interscapular (IsFD) and inguinal (InFD) fat depots of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were evaluated. Rabbits were equally distributed into 4 groups: 1st - newborns, 2nd - 1 month old, 3rd - 2 months old and 4th - 3 months old. The cranial subcutaneous fat pad in newborns covered dorsal and ventral cervical and interscapular regions. As age advanced, cervical lobes underwent a rapid reduction but the development of interscapular lobes continued. IsFD in rabbits from 1st and 2nd group was composed of both white and brown adipocytes, while in 3rd and 4th groups it consisted of white adipocytes only. InFD in rabbits from all tested groups occupied respective inguinal region and no age-dependent changes in shape and topography were observed. In all groups InFD was composed of white adipocytes only. The highest growth rate of interscapular and inguinal adipocytes was established in one-month-old rabbits. Differences in anatomy and histology of interscapular and inguinal fat depots in rabbits could be successfully used for comparison in other experiments in the field of adipobiology and autologous transplantation, where fat depots undergo significant morphological changes.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80862534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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