Jaemin Kim, Hyeongjip Kim, Ye-Won Lee, Seong-Jae Eom, Hyeon-Seok Seo, Sun-Hwa Gu, Sunghyun Kwak, Jae-Hyeon Ko, Won-Geun Kim, Jong-Min Lee
This study proposes a straightforward fabrication technique that enables precise 3D patterning of carbon nanotube (CNT)based hybrid nanostructures, in particular CNT-quantum dot (QD) hybrid architectures. The proposed micropipette-based self-assembly method relies solely on readily available optical components, including manual and motorized stages, objective lens, camera and light source, highlighting the accessibility and simplicity of the fabrication method. The proposed fabrication method facilitates the formation of complex 3D architectures by simultaneously assembling CNTs and QDs into arbitrary shapes, overcoming limitations inherent to conventional planar patterning technologies. The absence of photomasks and polymer binders minimizes potential contamination, enabling the full realization of intrinsic optoelectronic characteristics of CNTs and QDs. Various geometric configurations of CNT-QD hybrid nanostructures were successfully fabricated, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving precise 3D patterns previously difficult to achieve with traditional methods. Moreover, analysis of photoluminescence characteristics revealed shifts in emission peak positions and a corresponding reduction in PL lifetime, indicative of Förster resonance energy transfer between the CNT and QD interfaces.The developed 3D patterning approach, leveraging significant process simplification, is expected to advance the integration of CNT-QD hybrid nanostructures in future 3D optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"A one-step fabrication method for CNT-QD hybrid 3D architectures with engineered optoelectronic properties","authors":"Jaemin Kim, Hyeongjip Kim, Ye-Won Lee, Seong-Jae Eom, Hyeon-Seok Seo, Sun-Hwa Gu, Sunghyun Kwak, Jae-Hyeon Ko, Won-Geun Kim, Jong-Min Lee","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04848f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04848f","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a straightforward fabrication technique that enables precise 3D patterning of carbon nanotube (CNT)based hybrid nanostructures, in particular CNT-quantum dot (QD) hybrid architectures. The proposed micropipette-based self-assembly method relies solely on readily available optical components, including manual and motorized stages, objective lens, camera and light source, highlighting the accessibility and simplicity of the fabrication method. The proposed fabrication method facilitates the formation of complex 3D architectures by simultaneously assembling CNTs and QDs into arbitrary shapes, overcoming limitations inherent to conventional planar patterning technologies. The absence of photomasks and polymer binders minimizes potential contamination, enabling the full realization of intrinsic optoelectronic characteristics of CNTs and QDs. Various geometric configurations of CNT-QD hybrid nanostructures were successfully fabricated, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving precise 3D patterns previously difficult to achieve with traditional methods. Moreover, analysis of photoluminescence characteristics revealed shifts in emission peak positions and a corresponding reduction in PL lifetime, indicative of Förster resonance energy transfer between the CNT and QD interfaces.The developed 3D patterning approach, leveraging significant process simplification, is expected to advance the integration of CNT-QD hybrid nanostructures in future 3D optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanh Vo Thi, Malkeshkumar Patel, Junghyun Lee, Joondong Kim, Sourov Hussain, Barno Md Arifur Rahman
Photodetectors (PDs) are essential optoelectronic devices known for their high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Accordingly, they are widely utilized in sensing, optical communication, smart windows, and security systems. This study presents a transparent Schottky PD enhanced by a water layer on the glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO/Ag(O)/aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) structure. The water layer acts as an index-matching medium, reducing Fresnel reflection at the device surface and increasing light transmission into the PDs. Additionally, electric double layer (EDL) formation at the Ag(O)/water interface amplifies the local electric field, promoting efficient separation and collection of photogenerated carriers. The modification resultsin transparency enhancements by approximately 6.25% and photocurrent improvements of 20%-25% across the ultraviolet-to-visible spectrum (365-623 nm) under various light intensities (0.04-2.4 mW cm -2 ), relative to the devices without the water layer. Overall, these findings position the underwater Glass/ITO/ZnO/Ag(O)/AZO PD as an innovative, energy-efficient platform featuring a broad spectral response and wide field-of-view (wFoV) capabilities. Thus, underwater engineering can be applied in a facile and effective manner to develop transparent, self-powered PDs, thereby unlocking new opportunities for advancing safe and sustainable water-related optoelectronic technologies.
光电探测器是一种重要的光电器件，具有很高的光电转换效率。因此，它们被广泛应用于传感、光通信、智能窗口和安全系统中。本研究在玻璃/氧化铟锡(ITO)/ZnO/Ag(O)/掺铝氧化锌（AZO）结构上添加水层增强透明Schottky PD。水层作为折射率匹配介质，减少了器件表面的菲涅耳反射，增加了进入pd的光透射。此外，在Ag(O)/水界面处形成的双电层（EDL）放大了局部电场，促进了光生载流子的有效分离和收集。在不同光强（0.04-2.4 mW cm -2）下，相对于没有水层的器件，这种修饰使其在紫外-可见光谱（365-623 nm）上的透明度提高了约6.25%，光电流提高了20%-25%。总的来说，这些发现将水下玻璃/ITO/ZnO/Ag(O)/AZO PD定位为具有广谱响应和宽视场（wFoV）能力的创新节能平台。因此，水下工程可以以一种简单有效的方式应用于开发透明的、自供电的pd，从而为推进安全和可持续的与水相关的光电技术提供新的机会。
{"title":"Water-Enabled Enhancement of Transparent Schottky Photodetectors","authors":"Sanh Vo Thi, Malkeshkumar Patel, Junghyun Lee, Joondong Kim, Sourov Hussain, Barno Md Arifur Rahman","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04987c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04987c","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors (PDs) are essential optoelectronic devices known for their high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Accordingly, they are widely utilized in sensing, optical communication, smart windows, and security systems. This study presents a transparent Schottky PD enhanced by a water layer on the glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO/Ag(O)/aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) structure. The water layer acts as an index-matching medium, reducing Fresnel reflection at the device surface and increasing light transmission into the PDs. Additionally, electric double layer (EDL) formation at the Ag(O)/water interface amplifies the local electric field, promoting efficient separation and collection of photogenerated carriers. The modification resultsin transparency enhancements by approximately 6.25% and photocurrent improvements of 20%-25% across the ultraviolet-to-visible spectrum (365-623 nm) under various light intensities (0.04-2.4 mW cm -2 ), relative to the devices without the water layer. Overall, these findings position the underwater Glass/ITO/ZnO/Ag(O)/AZO PD as an innovative, energy-efficient platform featuring a broad spectral response and wide field-of-view (wFoV) capabilities. Thus, underwater engineering can be applied in a facile and effective manner to develop transparent, self-powered PDs, thereby unlocking new opportunities for advancing safe and sustainable water-related optoelectronic technologies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have transformed immunization through their ability for quick and customizable antigen production. However, their widespread use is still limited by challenges related to the natural instability of in vitro–transcribed mRNA and the limitations of current delivery systems. Modern perspectives on stability extend beyond simple resistance to degradation. They now consider factors that can be modified through RNA structure and nanoscale environmental interactions. These interactions, which promote efficient translation, also affect the durability of these complexes against physical and chemical stresses. During formulation and storage, variables such as excipients, buffers, and solid-state architecture are essential for maintaining molecular integrity throughout manufacturing, transportation, and long-term preservation. As a result, stability serves as a key link between molecular design and overall vaccine efficacy, transforming a major obstacle into an area for strategic innovation. This review highlights recent advances at both the molecular and carrier levels aimed at developing thermostable, efficient, and highly effective mRNA vaccines, with a focus on improvements in their stability, storability, and delivery.
{"title":"Engineered Strategies for Enhancing mRNA Vaccine Stability in Delivery and Storage","authors":"ELIF NAZ CERAV, Zhiying Yao, Bingbing Sun","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05189d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05189d","url":null,"abstract":"Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have transformed immunization through their ability for quick and customizable antigen production. However, their widespread use is still limited by challenges related to the natural instability of in vitro–transcribed mRNA and the limitations of current delivery systems. Modern perspectives on stability extend beyond simple resistance to degradation. They now consider factors that can be modified through RNA structure and nanoscale environmental interactions. These interactions, which promote efficient translation, also affect the durability of these complexes against physical and chemical stresses. During formulation and storage, variables such as excipients, buffers, and solid-state architecture are essential for maintaining molecular integrity throughout manufacturing, transportation, and long-term preservation. As a result, stability serves as a key link between molecular design and overall vaccine efficacy, transforming a major obstacle into an area for strategic innovation. This review highlights recent advances at both the molecular and carrier levels aimed at developing thermostable, efficient, and highly effective mRNA vaccines, with a focus on improvements in their stability, storability, and delivery.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia Leon-Chaparro, Christos Englezos, Bastian Mei, Guido Mul, Georgios Katsoukis
Ultrathin inorganic oxide coatings can improve selectivity in photo- and electrocatalysis, but they also bury active sites and impede transport of the desired reactants. Here we quantify proton and O2 permeability of 3-5 nm amorphous alumina (Al2O3) overlayers on poly-crystalline Pt using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The apparent proton diffusivity amounts to ~10-13 m2 s-1 in the atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) films. IRRAS reveals hydrated AlOOH motifs whose presence correlates strongly with the measured diffusion coefficients, highlighting their role as the dominant proton-transport pathways. The through-(Al2O3)film resistance is strongly non-linear with thickness (17 → 37 Ω cm2 for 3 → 4 nm) and the layer becomes close to infinity at 5 nm. Embedding oligo(ethylene glycol) chains within the alumina reduces the through-film resistance to 2.6 Ω cm2 at 3 nm. This is associated with enhancing proton access, albeit with a higher charge-transfer resistance (~38 → 250 Ω cm2), consistent with diminished activity of the underlying Pt active sites. In O2-saturated electrolyte the total impedance increases and the diffusion contribution moves below the measurement threshold (1 Hz), indicating preserved oxygen-blocking character. Practically, this sets different design priorities. For high-current electrocatalysis, performance is governed by the overlayer’s area-specific resistance, which can be improved by molecular functionalization. In low-current photocatalysis, the ohmic resistance penalty is small, so maintaining (or boosting) the intrinsic activity of buried active sites is more important to justify selectivity gains from O2 blocking.
{"title":"Molecularly modified ultrathin Al2O3 layers as proton-conductive, oxygen-impermeable nanomembranes for catalytic surfaces","authors":"Dalia Leon-Chaparro, Christos Englezos, Bastian Mei, Guido Mul, Georgios Katsoukis","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04262c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04262c","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrathin inorganic oxide coatings can improve selectivity in photo- and electrocatalysis, but they also bury active sites and impede transport of the desired reactants. Here we quantify proton and O2 permeability of 3-5 nm amorphous alumina (Al2O3) overlayers on poly-crystalline Pt using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The apparent proton diffusivity amounts to ~10-13 m2 s-1 in the atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) films. IRRAS reveals hydrated AlOOH motifs whose presence correlates strongly with the measured diffusion coefficients, highlighting their role as the dominant proton-transport pathways. The through-(Al2O3)film resistance is strongly non-linear with thickness (17 → 37 Ω cm2 for 3 → 4 nm) and the layer becomes close to infinity at 5 nm. Embedding oligo(ethylene glycol) chains within the alumina reduces the through-film resistance to 2.6 Ω cm2 at 3 nm. This is associated with enhancing proton access, albeit with a higher charge-transfer resistance (~38 → 250 Ω cm2), consistent with diminished activity of the underlying Pt active sites. In O2-saturated electrolyte the total impedance increases and the diffusion contribution moves below the measurement threshold (1 Hz), indicating preserved oxygen-blocking character. Practically, this sets different design priorities. For high-current electrocatalysis, performance is governed by the overlayer’s area-specific resistance, which can be improved by molecular functionalization. In low-current photocatalysis, the ohmic resistance penalty is small, so maintaining (or boosting) the intrinsic activity of buried active sites is more important to justify selectivity gains from O2 blocking.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Le Tuo, Nan Song, Chen Chen Xing, Quan-Guo Zhai
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed via the pore space partition (PSP) strategy can exhibit precisely tailored pore environments. In this work, a series of MOFs (SNNU-290 to SNNU-293) were rationally designed and synthesized using PSP to enable highly specific and efficient detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). Comparative studies on various nitroaromatic explosives (NAEs) unambiguously confirmed that the PSP strategy is pivotal for endowing these MOFs with exceptional specificity and sensitivity toward TNP. Among them, SNNU-293 demonstrated outstanding performance in both liquid- and gas-phase detections, particularly excelling in gas-solid sensing with remarkable optical stability, excellent cycling durability, and distinct visualization capabilities for TNP vapor. Mechanistic investigations, combining experimental and theoretical approaches, revealed that the fluorescence quenching of TNP is primarily governed by two synergistic pathways: photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and competitive absorption (CA). This study not only provides fundamental insights into the application of novel MOFs in environmental monitoring and security sensing but also underscores the critical role of PSP in advancing target-specific sensing systems. Furthermore, it highlights the substantial potential of SNNU-293 as a high-performance sensor material for practical TNP detection.
{"title":"Pore-Space-Partitioned Metal-Organic Frameworks for Sensitive and Selective Recognition of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol","authors":"Meng-Le Tuo, Nan Song, Chen Chen Xing, Quan-Guo Zhai","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04656d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04656d","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed via the pore space partition (PSP) strategy can exhibit precisely tailored pore environments. In this work, a series of MOFs (SNNU-290 to SNNU-293) were rationally designed and synthesized using PSP to enable highly specific and efficient detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). Comparative studies on various nitroaromatic explosives (NAEs) unambiguously confirmed that the PSP strategy is pivotal for endowing these MOFs with exceptional specificity and sensitivity toward TNP. Among them, SNNU-293 demonstrated outstanding performance in both liquid- and gas-phase detections, particularly excelling in gas-solid sensing with remarkable optical stability, excellent cycling durability, and distinct visualization capabilities for TNP vapor. Mechanistic investigations, combining experimental and theoretical approaches, revealed that the fluorescence quenching of TNP is primarily governed by two synergistic pathways: photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and competitive absorption (CA). This study not only provides fundamental insights into the application of novel MOFs in environmental monitoring and security sensing but also underscores the critical role of PSP in advancing target-specific sensing systems. Furthermore, it highlights the substantial potential of SNNU-293 as a high-performance sensor material for practical TNP detection.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is a key electrochemical process for sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting. However, its practical implementation is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and reliance on noble metal catalysts like platinum, which are costly and scarce. To overcome these limitations, synergistic doping of metallic (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Pt) and non-metallic (e.g., P, N, B, O, S) elements has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance catalytic activity. This dual-doping approach enables fine-tuning of the catalyst's electronic environment, increases active site density, and improves hydrogen adsorption/desorption behaviour. Metallic dopants modulate conductivity and the electronic structure of active sites, while non-metallic heteroatoms introduce charge redistribution, surface defects, and chemical polarity-collectively accelerating HER kinetics. This review critically examines recent advances in the synthesis and performance of heteroatom doped HER electrocatalysts under acidic and alkaline conditions. Emphasis is placed on how compositional tuning, structural design, and interface engineering contribute to improved catalytic performance, including low overpotentials, favourable Tafel slopes, and long-term stability. These developments underscore the potential of heteroatom doping as a versatile platform for designing next generation HER catalysts for scalable and economically viable hydrogen energy systems.
{"title":"Synergistic Doping of Metallic and Non-Metallic Elements for Next Generation HER Catalysts!!","authors":"Manova Santhosh Yesupatham, Rajini Murugesan, Donald Richard, Akshaya Radhakrishnan, Arthanareeswari Maruthapillai","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04327a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04327a","url":null,"abstract":"The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is a key electrochemical process for sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting. However, its practical implementation is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and reliance on noble metal catalysts like platinum, which are costly and scarce. To overcome these limitations, synergistic doping of metallic (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Pt) and non-metallic (e.g., P, N, B, O, S) elements has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance catalytic activity. This dual-doping approach enables fine-tuning of the catalyst's electronic environment, increases active site density, and improves hydrogen adsorption/desorption behaviour. Metallic dopants modulate conductivity and the electronic structure of active sites, while non-metallic heteroatoms introduce charge redistribution, surface defects, and chemical polarity-collectively accelerating HER kinetics. This review critically examines recent advances in the synthesis and performance of heteroatom doped HER electrocatalysts under acidic and alkaline conditions. Emphasis is placed on how compositional tuning, structural design, and interface engineering contribute to improved catalytic performance, including low overpotentials, favourable Tafel slopes, and long-term stability. These developments underscore the potential of heteroatom doping as a versatile platform for designing next generation HER catalysts for scalable and economically viable hydrogen energy systems.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Ting Zhang, Cun-Mao Chen, Qi-Ming Huang, Chun-Yang Pan
The design and synthesis of non-precious metal catalysts to replace Pt/C catalysts are crucial for the large-scale application of green energy technologies. Herein, two templated borates were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method: [Co(DPA) 2 ][B 10 O 13 (OH) 6 ] (1, DPA = 2,2'-dipyridylamine) and [Co(2-AMP) 3 ][B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 ] 2 (2, 2-AMP = 2-(Aminomethyl)pyridine). The catalysts derived from the pyrolysis of borates contain Co nanoparticles and multiple nitrogen species, which significantly enhance electrocatalytic activity. As a result, the half-wave potentials (E 1/2 ) of the borates treated at 750°C and 600°Cfor 1 and 2 were 0.837 V (Co1/750) and 0.825 V (Co2/600), respectively, approaching that of commercial 20% Pt/C. When applied in liquid Al-air batteries, Co1/750 has a high peak power density, reaching 191 mW cm -2 , which is significantly higher than that of Pt/C at 132 mW cm - 2 and the majority of the currently reported catalysts. In the quasi solid-state Al-air battery (SAAB), the cell assembled with Co1/750 exhibits an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.588 V and demonstrates stable discharge for over 16 hours at 1 mA cm -2 . This study reports the first application of borate-derived catalysts in Al-air batteries, demonstrating their great potential in practical energy conversion devices.
设计和合成替代Pt/C催化剂的非贵金属催化剂对于绿色能源技术的大规模应用至关重要。本文采用溶剂热法成功合成了两种模板硼酸盐：[Co(DPA) 2][b10o13 (OH) 6] （1, DPA = 2,2'-二吡啶）和[Co(2- amp) 3][b5o6 (OH) 4] 2 （2,2 - amp = 2-（氨基甲基）吡啶）。硼酸盐热解催化剂中含有Co纳米粒子和多种氮，显著提高了电催化活性。结果表明，在750°C和600°C下处理的1和2硼酸盐的半波电位（e2 /2）分别为0.837 V （Co1/750）和0.825 V (Co2/600)，接近20% Pt/C的商用半波电位。应用于液态铝空气电池时，Co1/750具有较高的峰值功率密度，达到191 mW cm -2，显著高于Pt/C的132 mW cm -2和目前报道的大多数催化剂。在准固态铝空气电池（SAAB）中，用Co1/750组装的电池显示出1.588 V的开路电压（OCV），并在1 mA cm -2下稳定放电超过16小时。本研究报道了硼酸盐衍生催化剂在铝空气电池中的首次应用，展示了其在实际能量转换装置中的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Pyridylamine Templated Borate-Derived Co nanoparticles Anchored on N-Doped Carbon for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Al-Air Batteries","authors":"Xiao-Ting Zhang, Cun-Mao Chen, Qi-Ming Huang, Chun-Yang Pan","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05081b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05081b","url":null,"abstract":"The design and synthesis of non-precious metal catalysts to replace Pt/C catalysts are crucial for the large-scale application of green energy technologies. Herein, two templated borates were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method: [Co(DPA) 2 ][B 10 O 13 (OH) 6 ] (1, DPA = 2,2'-dipyridylamine) and [Co(2-AMP) 3 ][B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 ] 2 (2, 2-AMP = 2-(Aminomethyl)pyridine). The catalysts derived from the pyrolysis of borates contain Co nanoparticles and multiple nitrogen species, which significantly enhance electrocatalytic activity. As a result, the half-wave potentials (E 1/2 ) of the borates treated at 750°C and 600°Cfor 1 and 2 were 0.837 V (Co1/750) and 0.825 V (Co2/600), respectively, approaching that of commercial 20% Pt/C. When applied in liquid Al-air batteries, Co1/750 has a high peak power density, reaching 191 mW cm -2 , which is significantly higher than that of Pt/C at 132 mW cm - 2 and the majority of the currently reported catalysts. In the quasi solid-state Al-air battery (SAAB), the cell assembled with Co1/750 exhibits an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.588 V and demonstrates stable discharge for over 16 hours at 1 mA cm -2 . This study reports the first application of borate-derived catalysts in Al-air batteries, demonstrating their great potential in practical energy conversion devices.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pu Zhang, Wei Xiong, Kai Wang, Xiaoli Zhao, Xiao Ying Liu, Ming Huang
Bladder cancer persists as a formidable clinical challenge due to its high recurrence rate, intrinsic chemoresistance, and suboptimal immunotherapy response. Copper-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising therapeutic platforms leveraging distinctive copper redox biology and tumor vulnerabilities to copper-induced cell death mechanisms—particularly cuproptosis. This review systematically analyzes dysregulated copper metabolism in bladder cancer and its mechanistic roles in mediating oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, while classifying four principal nanomaterial categories: metallic Cu structures; copper-based polymers; copper-based compounds; and copper composites—highlighting their synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic applications. These platforms facilitate photothermal, photodynamic, chemo-/immunotherapeutic synergies through precise modulation of redox homeostasis and tumor immunity. Despite these advances, key clinical translation barriers including biosafety concerns, pharmacokinetic variability, targeting inefficiency, immune unpredictability, and regulatory hurdles are critically examined. Future directions propose physics-informed material design, biomarker-guided patient stratification, and integrated therapy-monitoring platforms, demonstrating copper-based nanomedicine’s significant potential to redefine precision intravesical therapy through mechanistically tailored, translationally optimized strategies.
{"title":"Copper-Based Architectures for Bladder Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights, Progress and Prospects","authors":"Pu Zhang, Wei Xiong, Kai Wang, Xiaoli Zhao, Xiao Ying Liu, Ming Huang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04072h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04072h","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer persists as a formidable clinical challenge due to its high recurrence rate, intrinsic chemoresistance, and suboptimal immunotherapy response. Copper-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising therapeutic platforms leveraging distinctive copper redox biology and tumor vulnerabilities to copper-induced cell death mechanisms—particularly cuproptosis. This review systematically analyzes dysregulated copper metabolism in bladder cancer and its mechanistic roles in mediating oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, while classifying four principal nanomaterial categories: metallic Cu structures; copper-based polymers; copper-based compounds; and copper composites—highlighting their synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic applications. These platforms facilitate photothermal, photodynamic, chemo-/immunotherapeutic synergies through precise modulation of redox homeostasis and tumor immunity. Despite these advances, key clinical translation barriers including biosafety concerns, pharmacokinetic variability, targeting inefficiency, immune unpredictability, and regulatory hurdles are critically examined. Future directions propose physics-informed material design, biomarker-guided patient stratification, and integrated therapy-monitoring platforms, demonstrating copper-based nanomedicine’s significant potential to redefine precision intravesical therapy through mechanistically tailored, translationally optimized strategies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The self- assembly of π-conjugated chromophores directed by biomolecular recognition offers a smart strategy to create bio-synthetic hybrid nanomaterials with emergent properties. Here, we report a novel amphiphilic, cationic naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivative that undergoes supramolecular polymerization upon interaction with anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Binding of GAGs like heparin to NDIs leads to their supramolecular polymerization in aqueous media. Interestingly, such binding event resulted in highly emissive fluorescent nanofibers due to the formation of static excimer. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations reveal that polyanionic heparin helps to bring the cationic NDIs into close proximity to promote π–π stacking and that the amphiphilic self-assembly is essential for excimer formation. The heparin-binding induced excimer formation exhibits a clear emission color change from blue to bright green. Furthermore, the NDI selectively binds to sulphated GAGs such as heparin and chondroitin sulphate, but not to carboxylated hyaluronic acid, resulting in a differential fluorescence response. Thus, the study presents a heparin-binding induced supramolecular polymerization of novel NDI derivative, providing a design strategy for controlling supramolecular order and for creating functional fluorescent nanomaterials for future biosensing and bioimaging applications.
{"title":"Selective Binding of Sulphated Glycosaminoglycan Induces Self-Assembly of Naphthalene Diimide into Fluorescent Nanofibers","authors":"Poonam Sharma, Esteban Fernández-Pedrera López, Beatriz Cantero Nieto, Annalisa Calò, Subhadip Ghosh, Paula Rodríguez, Xavier Companyó, Bart Limburg, Mohit Kumar","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04833h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04833h","url":null,"abstract":"The self- assembly of π-conjugated chromophores directed by biomolecular recognition offers a smart strategy to create bio-synthetic hybrid nanomaterials with emergent properties. Here, we report a novel amphiphilic, cationic naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivative that undergoes supramolecular polymerization upon interaction with anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Binding of GAGs like heparin to NDIs leads to their supramolecular polymerization in aqueous media. Interestingly, such binding event resulted in highly emissive fluorescent nanofibers due to the formation of static excimer. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations reveal that polyanionic heparin helps to bring the cationic NDIs into close proximity to promote π–π stacking and that the amphiphilic self-assembly is essential for excimer formation. The heparin-binding induced excimer formation exhibits a clear emission color change from blue to bright green. Furthermore, the NDI selectively binds to sulphated GAGs such as heparin and chondroitin sulphate, but not to carboxylated hyaluronic acid, resulting in a differential fluorescence response. Thus, the study presents a heparin-binding induced supramolecular polymerization of novel NDI derivative, providing a design strategy for controlling supramolecular order and for creating functional fluorescent nanomaterials for future biosensing and bioimaging applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingyao Li, Zhixuan Zhou, Fang Xu, Yuan Zhao, Tao Chen, Jie Gao, Yifu Zhang, Tian Liang, Yuzhu Li, Xiaoming Zhu
Molybdenite possesses high natural abundance and a high theoretical lithium storage capacity but is limited by its low intrinsic conductivity and volume expansion during cycling. Herein, a flexible and binder-free anode is designed by encapsulating purified molybdenite nanosheets within nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (MoS2@CNF) via a scalable electrospinning and carbonization process. The unique "necklace-like" structure, in which MoS2 nanosheets are uniformly embedded within interconnected conductive CNFs, not only exposes abundant active sites but also enhances both electrical conductivity and mechanical stability. The delicate nanostructure of MoS2@CNF facilitates rapid ion/electron transport and alleviates the volume stress of MoS2 during electrochemical processes, consequently contributing to its outstanding rate capability (544.0 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and excellent cycling performance (716.9 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1). The MoS2@CNF anode is further coupled with a flexible cathode (activated carbon casted onto CNF) to construct the lithium-ion hybrid capacitor, which achieves high energy and power density (84.3 Wh kg−1 at 10 kW kg−1) while demonstrates negligible capacity decay even under harsh bending conditions. This work provides a cost-effective strategy for transforming natural ore into high-performance electrodes for flexible energy storage.
辉钼矿具有较高的天然丰度和较高的理论锂存储容量，但其固有电导率低，循环过程中体积膨胀大。本文通过可扩展的静电纺丝和碳化工艺，将纯化的辉钼矿纳米片封装在氮掺杂纳米纤维（MoS2@CNF）中，设计了一种柔性的无粘结剂阳极。独特的“项链状”结构，其中二硫化钼纳米片均匀地嵌入在相互连接的导电CNFs中，不仅暴露了丰富的活性位点，而且提高了导电性和机械稳定性。MoS2@CNF精细的纳米结构促进了离子/电子的快速传递，减轻了MoS2在电化学过程中的体积应力，从而有助于其出色的倍率能力（在2 A g−1下544.0 mAh g−1）和出色的循环性能（在1 A g−1下500次循环后716.9 mAh g−1）。MoS2@CNF阳极进一步与柔性阴极（铸造在CNF上的活性炭）耦合以构建锂离子混合电容器，该电容器实现高能量和功率密度（10 kW kg - 1时84.3 Wh kg - 1），即使在恶劣的弯曲条件下也表现出可忽略不计的容量衰减。这项工作为将天然矿石转化为用于柔性储能的高性能电极提供了一种具有成本效益的策略。
{"title":"Purified Molybdenite Encapsulated in N-doped Carbon Nanofibers as Binder-Free Anodes for Flexible Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors","authors":"Lingyao Li, Zhixuan Zhou, Fang Xu, Yuan Zhao, Tao Chen, Jie Gao, Yifu Zhang, Tian Liang, Yuzhu Li, Xiaoming Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04063a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04063a","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenite possesses high natural abundance and a high theoretical lithium storage capacity but is limited by its low intrinsic conductivity and volume expansion during cycling. Herein, a flexible and binder-free anode is designed by encapsulating purified molybdenite nanosheets within nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (MoS2@CNF) via a scalable electrospinning and carbonization process. The unique \"necklace-like\" structure, in which MoS2 nanosheets are uniformly embedded within interconnected conductive CNFs, not only exposes abundant active sites but also enhances both electrical conductivity and mechanical stability. The delicate nanostructure of MoS2@CNF facilitates rapid ion/electron transport and alleviates the volume stress of MoS2 during electrochemical processes, consequently contributing to its outstanding rate capability (544.0 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and excellent cycling performance (716.9 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1). The MoS2@CNF anode is further coupled with a flexible cathode (activated carbon casted onto CNF) to construct the lithium-ion hybrid capacitor, which achieves high energy and power density (84.3 Wh kg−1 at 10 kW kg−1) while demonstrates negligible capacity decay even under harsh bending conditions. This work provides a cost-effective strategy for transforming natural ore into high-performance electrodes for flexible energy storage.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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