Sofia Panagiotidou, Evangelia Vasilaki, Nikos Katsarakis, Dimitra Vernardou, Maria Vamvakaki
During the last decades, the use of innovative hybrid materials in energy storage devices has led to notable advances in the field. However, further enhancement of their electrochemical performance faces significant challenges nowadays, imposed by the materials used in the electrodes and the electrolyte. Such problems include the high solubility of both the organic and the inorganic anode components in the electrolyte as well as the limited intrinsic electronic conductivity and substantial volume variation of the materials during cycling. The present work focuses on the fabrication of novel and sustainable anode electrodes for use in energy storage devices, utilizing cross-linked oxidized dextran (Ox-Dex) as the binder and hematite (α-Fe2O3) cubes as the active component. The ion diffusion mechanism within the anode electrode materials, as well as their cycling stability, were studied via cyclic voltammetry measurements, using Li+, Zn2+ and Al3+ aqueous electrolytes. The hybrid iron oxide electrodes exhibited the highest electrochemical performance in the Al2(SO4)3 electrolyte (3000 mA g−1), followed by ZnSO4 (2000 mA g−1) and Li2SO4 (800 mA g−1). The differences in the performance of the anodes for the three investigated electrolytes were attributed to the ionic radii of Li+, Zn2+ and Al3+, which affect the rate of ion diffusion within the material lattice exhibiting the highest diffusion coefficient of 4.64 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 in Al3+. Notably, the hybrid anodes demonstrated superior cycling performance (with the lowest variance percentage of 1.3% for hybrid compared to 38.1% for the bare in the presence of Zn2+), underlining the pivotal role of the natural binder. This was attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions, which increase the contact points between the inorganic and polymeric components, resulting in a more uniform network structure. Additionally, the cross-linking of Ox-Dex promotes stability and tolerance to the volume expansion of the electrodes. These results underscore the immense potential of the proposed hybrid electrodes in the field of energy storage.
{"title":"Dextran stabilised hematite: a sustainable anode in aqueous electrolytes","authors":"Sofia Panagiotidou, Evangelia Vasilaki, Nikos Katsarakis, Dimitra Vernardou, Maria Vamvakaki","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04897k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04897k","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decades, the use of innovative hybrid materials in energy storage devices has led to notable advances in the field. However, further enhancement of their electrochemical performance faces significant challenges nowadays, imposed by the materials used in the electrodes and the electrolyte. Such problems include the high solubility of both the organic and the inorganic anode components in the electrolyte as well as the limited intrinsic electronic conductivity and substantial volume variation of the materials during cycling. The present work focuses on the fabrication of novel and sustainable anode electrodes for use in energy storage devices, utilizing cross-linked oxidized dextran (Ox-Dex) as the binder and hematite (α-Fe<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small>) cubes as the active component. The ion diffusion mechanism within the anode electrode materials, as well as their cycling stability, were studied <em>via</em> cyclic voltammetry measurements, using Li<small><sup>+</sup></small>, Zn<small><sup>2+</sup></small> and Al<small><sup>3+</sup></small> aqueous electrolytes. The hybrid iron oxide electrodes exhibited the highest electrochemical performance in the Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>(SO<small><sub>4</sub></small>)<small><sub>3</sub></small> electrolyte (3000 mA g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>), followed by ZnSO<small><sub>4</sub></small> (2000 mA g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) and Li<small><sub>2</sub></small>SO<small><sub>4</sub></small> (800 mA g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>)<small><sub>.</sub></small> The differences in the performance of the anodes for the three investigated electrolytes were attributed to the ionic radii of Li<small><sup>+</sup></small>, Zn<small><sup>2+</sup></small> and Al<small><sup>3+</sup></small>, which affect the rate of ion diffusion within the material lattice exhibiting the highest diffusion coefficient of 4.64 × 10<small><sup>−9</sup></small> cm<small><sup>2</sup></small> s<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in Al<small><sup>3+</sup></small>. Notably, the hybrid anodes demonstrated superior cycling performance (with the lowest variance percentage of 1.3% for hybrid compared to 38.1% for the bare in the presence of Zn<small><sup>2+</sup></small>), underlining the pivotal role of the natural binder. This was attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions, which increase the contact points between the inorganic and polymeric components, resulting in a more uniform network structure. Additionally, the cross-linking of Ox-Dex promotes stability and tolerance to the volume expansion of the electrodes. These results underscore the immense potential of the proposed hybrid electrodes in the field of energy storage.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we demonstrate a MXene (Ti₃C₂Tₓ)-based coin-cell asymmetric supercapacitor (coin-cell ASC) exhibiting high energy density and high power density along with good capacitance. We synthesized mesoporous carbon (MC) by annealing alginic acid at varying temperatures (900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C). Among these, MC-1000 exhibited highly porous structure and a higher surface area. We then developed a Ti₃C₂Tₓ/MC (MC-1000) nanocomposite using a simple and efficient solvothermal method. The synthesized nanocomposite displayed the layered morphology of MXene alongside the amorphous characteristics of carbon, indicating a strong interaction between the two materials. Notably, the Ti₃C₂Tₓ/MC-9 nanocomposite features a higher number of pores and a larger surface area than either MXene or MC-1000, significantly enhancing its capacitive performance. We evaluated the performance using a three-electrode system, revealing an impressive specific capacitance (Cₛₚ) of 1629 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹, with a retention of 99.9 % even after 35,000 cycles. Furthermore, the fabricated coin-cell ASC using (MC-1000//Ti₃C₂Tₓ/MC-9) electrodes, demonstrated a Cₛₚ of 80.3 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹ and a high energy density of 56 Whkg⁻¹, corresponding to a maximum power density of 10,423 Wkg⁻¹ at 5 Ag⁻¹. The key factors contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance include the strong connection between MXene and MC-1000, along with the large specific surface area and high porosity of the electrode materials.
{"title":"Ti3C2Tx MXene/Alginic Acid-Derived Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite as a Potential Electrode Material for Coin-Cell Asymmetric Supercapacitor","authors":"Sanjay Dhondiran Sutar, Anita Swami","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04584j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04584j","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we demonstrate a MXene (Ti₃C₂Tₓ)-based coin-cell asymmetric supercapacitor (coin-cell ASC) exhibiting high energy density and high power density along with good capacitance. We synthesized mesoporous carbon (MC) by annealing alginic acid at varying temperatures (900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C). Among these, MC-1000 exhibited highly porous structure and a higher surface area. We then developed a Ti₃C₂Tₓ/MC (MC-1000) nanocomposite using a simple and efficient solvothermal method. The synthesized nanocomposite displayed the layered morphology of MXene alongside the amorphous characteristics of carbon, indicating a strong interaction between the two materials. Notably, the Ti₃C₂Tₓ/MC-9 nanocomposite features a higher number of pores and a larger surface area than either MXene or MC-1000, significantly enhancing its capacitive performance. We evaluated the performance using a three-electrode system, revealing an impressive specific capacitance (Cₛₚ) of 1629 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹, with a retention of 99.9 % even after 35,000 cycles. Furthermore, the fabricated coin-cell ASC using (MC-1000//Ti₃C₂Tₓ/MC-9) electrodes, demonstrated a Cₛₚ of 80.3 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹ and a high energy density of 56 Whkg⁻¹, corresponding to a maximum power density of 10,423 Wkg⁻¹ at 5 Ag⁻¹. The key factors contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance include the strong connection between MXene and MC-1000, along with the large specific surface area and high porosity of the electrode materials.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Trindade Campos, Laura S. Pires, Fernao D. Magalhaes, Maria José Oliveira, Artur Pinto
Controlled self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles has the potential to generate complex nanostructures with distinctive properties. The advancement of more precise techniques empowers researchers in constructing and assembling diverse building blocks, marking a pivotal evolution in nanotechnology and biomedicine. This progress enables the creation of customizable biomaterials with unique characteristics and functions. This comprehensive review takes an innovative approach to explore the current state-of-the-art self-assembly methods and the key interactions driving the self-assembly processes and provides a range of examples of biomedical and therapeutic applications involving inorganic or hybrid nanoparticles and structures. Self-assembly methods applied to bionanomaterials are presented, ranging from commonly used methods in cancer phototherapy and drug delivery to emerging techniques in bioimaging and tissue engineering. The most promising in vitro and in vivo experimental results achieved thus far are presented. Additionally, the review engages in a discourse on safety and biocompatibility concerns related to inorganic self-assembled nanomaterials. Finally, opinions on future challenges and prospects anticipated in this evolving field are provided.
{"title":"Self-assembled inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications","authors":"Miguel Trindade Campos, Laura S. Pires, Fernao D. Magalhaes, Maria José Oliveira, Artur Pinto","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04537h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04537h","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles has the potential to generate complex nanostructures with distinctive properties. The advancement of more precise techniques empowers researchers in constructing and assembling diverse building blocks, marking a pivotal evolution in nanotechnology and biomedicine. This progress enables the creation of customizable biomaterials with unique characteristics and functions. This comprehensive review takes an innovative approach to explore the current state-of-the-art self-assembly methods and the key interactions driving the self-assembly processes and provides a range of examples of biomedical and therapeutic applications involving inorganic or hybrid nanoparticles and structures. Self-assembly methods applied to bionanomaterials are presented, ranging from commonly used methods in cancer phototherapy and drug delivery to emerging techniques in bioimaging and tissue engineering. The most promising in vitro and in vivo experimental results achieved thus far are presented. Additionally, the review engages in a discourse on safety and biocompatibility concerns related to inorganic self-assembled nanomaterials. Finally, opinions on future challenges and prospects anticipated in this evolving field are provided.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiqi Wang, Huanyu Du, Changhao Dai, Hongwenjie Ma, Shi Luo, Xuejun Wang, Mingquan Guo, Derong Kong, Dacheng Wei
Current molecular tests for tuberculosis (TB), such as whole genome sequencing and Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin resistance assay, exhibit limited sensitivity and necessitate the pre-amplification step of target DNA. This limitation greatly increases detection time and poses an increased risk of infection. Here, we present a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) based on the CRISPR/Cas system for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CRISPR/Cas12a system has the ability to specifically recognize and cleavage target DNA. By integrating the system onto the FET platform and utilizing its electrical amplification capability, we achieve rapid and sensitive detection without requiring sample pre-amplification, with a limit of detection (LoD) as low as 2.42×10−18 M. Cas12a-GFET devices can differentiate 30 positive cases from 56 serum samples within 5 minutes. These findings highlight its immense potential in future biological analysis and clinical diagnosis.
{"title":"Amplification-Free Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using CRISPR-Cas12a and Graphene Field-Effect Transistors","authors":"Weiqi Wang, Huanyu Du, Changhao Dai, Hongwenjie Ma, Shi Luo, Xuejun Wang, Mingquan Guo, Derong Kong, Dacheng Wei","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03852e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03852e","url":null,"abstract":"Current molecular tests for tuberculosis (TB), such as whole genome sequencing and Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin resistance assay, exhibit limited sensitivity and necessitate the pre-amplification step of target DNA. This limitation greatly increases detection time and poses an increased risk of infection. Here, we present a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) based on the CRISPR/Cas system for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CRISPR/Cas12a system has the ability to specifically recognize and cleavage target DNA. By integrating the system onto the FET platform and utilizing its electrical amplification capability, we achieve rapid and sensitive detection without requiring sample pre-amplification, with a limit of detection (LoD) as low as 2.42×10−18 M. Cas12a-GFET devices can differentiate 30 positive cases from 56 serum samples within 5 minutes. These findings highlight its immense potential in future biological analysis and clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid biopsies are expected to advance cancer management, and particularly physical cues are gaining attention for indicating tumorigenesis and metastasis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a standard and important tool for detecting the mechanical properties of single living cells, but studies of developing AFM-based methods to efficiently measure the mechanical properties of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in liquid biopsy for clinical utility are still scarce. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept study based on the complementary combination of AFM and microfluidics, which allows label-free sorting of individual CTCs and subsequent automated AFM measurements of the mechanical properties of CTCs. With the use of a microfluidic system containing contraction-expansion microchannels, specific cancer cell types were separated and harvested in a marker-independent manner. Subsequently, automated AFM indentation and force spectroscopy experiments were performed on the enriched cells under the precise guidance of the label-free identification of cells by deep learning optical image recognition model. The effectiveness of the presented method was verified on three experimental sample systems, including mixed microspheres with different sizes, mixture of different types of cancer cells, and mixture of cancer cells and blood cells. The study illustrates a feasible framework based on the integration of AFM and microfluidics for non-destructive and efficient nanomechanical phenotyping of CTCs in bodily fluids, which offers additional possibilities for the clinical applications of AFM-based nanomechanical analysis and will also benefit the field of mechanobiology as well as cancer liquid biopsy.
{"title":"Atomic force microscopy combined with microfluidics for label-free sorting and automated nanomechanics of circulating tumor cells in liquid biopsy","authors":"Xiaoqun Qi, Sen Lin, Mi Li","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04033c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04033c","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid biopsies are expected to advance cancer management, and particularly physical cues are gaining attention for indicating tumorigenesis and metastasis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a standard and important tool for detecting the mechanical properties of single living cells, but studies of developing AFM-based methods to efficiently measure the mechanical properties of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in liquid biopsy for clinical utility are still scarce. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept study based on the complementary combination of AFM and microfluidics, which allows label-free sorting of individual CTCs and subsequent automated AFM measurements of the mechanical properties of CTCs. With the use of a microfluidic system containing contraction-expansion microchannels, specific cancer cell types were separated and harvested in a marker-independent manner. Subsequently, automated AFM indentation and force spectroscopy experiments were performed on the enriched cells under the precise guidance of the label-free identification of cells by deep learning optical image recognition model. The effectiveness of the presented method was verified on three experimental sample systems, including mixed microspheres with different sizes, mixture of different types of cancer cells, and mixture of cancer cells and blood cells. The study illustrates a feasible framework based on the integration of AFM and microfluidics for non-destructive and efficient nanomechanical phenotyping of CTCs in bodily fluids, which offers additional possibilities for the clinical applications of AFM-based nanomechanical analysis and will also benefit the field of mechanobiology as well as cancer liquid biopsy.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Maurice Leidinger, Mirco Panighel, Vitaly L. Sushkevich, Paolo Piseri, Alessandro Podestà, Jeroen van Bokhoven, Luca Artiglia
The strong influence of surface adsorbates on the morphology of a catalyst is exemplified by studying a silver surface with and without deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles upon exposure to reaction gases used for carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements indicate accumulation of carbon deposits on the catalyst surface at 200 °C. While oxygen-free carbon species observed on pure silver show a strong interaction and decorate the atomic steps on the catalyst surface, this decoration is not observed for the oxygen-containing species observed on the silver surface with additional zinc oxide nanoparticles. Annealing the sample to temperatures above 350 °C removes the contaminants by hydrogenation to methane.
{"title":"Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the carbon accumulation on silver exposed to carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction conditions","authors":"Paul Maurice Leidinger, Mirco Panighel, Vitaly L. Sushkevich, Paolo Piseri, Alessandro Podestà, Jeroen van Bokhoven, Luca Artiglia","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03766a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03766a","url":null,"abstract":"The strong influence of surface adsorbates on the morphology of a catalyst is exemplified by studying a silver surface with and without deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles upon exposure to reaction gases used for carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements indicate accumulation of carbon deposits on the catalyst surface at 200 °C. While oxygen-free carbon species observed on pure silver show a strong interaction and decorate the atomic steps on the catalyst surface, this decoration is not observed for the oxygen-containing species observed on the silver surface with additional zinc oxide nanoparticles. Annealing the sample to temperatures above 350 °C removes the contaminants by hydrogenation to methane.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenzhuo Wang, Yanlin Zhu, Lili Feng, Ruoxi Zhao, Chenghao Yu, Yaoyu Hu, Zhen Hu, Bin Liu, Lei Zhong, piaoping yang
Single-atom catalysts with abnormally catalytic active sites have garnered extensive attention and interest for their application in tumor therapy. However, despite the advancements made with current nanotherapeutic agents, efficient systems for triggering cancer treatment remain challenging, due to their low activity, uncontrollable behavior, and nonselective interactions. Herein, we construct Ru single-atom anchored MXene nanozymes (Ru-Ti3C2Tx-PEG) with mild photothermal effect and multi-enzyme catalytic activity for synergistic tumor therapy. The Ru single-atom is anchored on the surface of MXene nanosheets, which not only facilitates multi-enzyme catalytic activity, but also amplifies the photothermal performance owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. The Ru single-atom could decompose H2O2 into toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) for enzyme catalytic therapy, and the heat produced by nanozymes upon near-infrared laser excitation can enhance the •OH generation yield. Also, the nanozymes have oxygen formation and glutathione depletion capability in cancer cells, regulating the TME and accelerating the •OH levels. The in vitro and in vivo research confirms that the two-dimensional Ru single-atom anchored MXene nanozymes have extraordinary tumor growth inhibition effect, presenting a rational therapeutic strategy for tumor ablation through the synergistic photothermal and heat-promoted enzymatic catalysis.
{"title":"Anchoring Ru Single-Atom on MXene Achieves Dual-Enzyme Activities for Mild Photothermal Augmented Nanocatalytic Therapy","authors":"Wenzhuo Wang, Yanlin Zhu, Lili Feng, Ruoxi Zhao, Chenghao Yu, Yaoyu Hu, Zhen Hu, Bin Liu, Lei Zhong, piaoping yang","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04609a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04609a","url":null,"abstract":"Single-atom catalysts with abnormally catalytic active sites have garnered extensive attention and interest for their application in tumor therapy. However, despite the advancements made with current nanotherapeutic agents, efficient systems for triggering cancer treatment remain challenging, due to their low activity, uncontrollable behavior, and nonselective interactions. Herein, we construct Ru single-atom anchored MXene nanozymes (Ru-Ti3C2Tx-PEG) with mild photothermal effect and multi-enzyme catalytic activity for synergistic tumor therapy. The Ru single-atom is anchored on the surface of MXene nanosheets, which not only facilitates multi-enzyme catalytic activity, but also amplifies the photothermal performance owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. The Ru single-atom could decompose H2O2 into toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) for enzyme catalytic therapy, and the heat produced by nanozymes upon near-infrared laser excitation can enhance the •OH generation yield. Also, the nanozymes have oxygen formation and glutathione depletion capability in cancer cells, regulating the TME and accelerating the •OH levels. The in vitro and in vivo research confirms that the two-dimensional Ru single-atom anchored MXene nanozymes have extraordinary tumor growth inhibition effect, presenting a rational therapeutic strategy for tumor ablation through the synergistic photothermal and heat-promoted enzymatic catalysis.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chae Rim Lee, Miseung Kim, Chihyun Hwang, Jun Ho Song, Ji-Sang Yu, Hyun-seung Kim
The SiO electrode interface is passivated with a SiO2 layer, which hinders the deposition of an inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) due to its high surface work function and low exchange current density of electrolyte decomposition. Consequently, a thermally vulnerable, organic-based SEI formed on the SiO electrode, leading to poor cycling performance at elevated temperatures. To address this issue, the SEI formation process is thermoelectrochemically activated. Increasing the formation temperature lowers the work function by shifting the electron energy levels and increases the exchange current density for SEI formation. Higher temperatures promote the incorporation of inorganic Li2CO3 into the SEI film, resulting from the two-electron reduction of ethylene carbonate; and hence the thermally stable SEI film leads the stable cycleability. However, excessively high temperatures cause the SEI layer to become thick and resistive, significantly increasing the polarization of the SiO electrode, which leads deficient improvement of cycle performance. Therefore, moderate temperature exposure is required to convert the organic SEI into less resistive, inorganic components. The implementation of a mechanism-assisted SEI formation process in pouch cells using identical materials significantly improves cycling performance, with a 20% enhancement by the 300th cycle. Additionally, the thermoelectrochemical activation of SEI formation reduces cathodic side reactions on SiO electrodes, which helps prevent coupled failure of the NCM electrode by mitigating intergranular cracking and preserving its structure.
{"title":"Thermoelectrochemical formation of solid electrolyte interphase on silicon negative electrode to enhance durability of silicon-enriched lithium-ion batteries by compositional modification","authors":"Chae Rim Lee, Miseung Kim, Chihyun Hwang, Jun Ho Song, Ji-Sang Yu, Hyun-seung Kim","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04451g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04451g","url":null,"abstract":"The SiO electrode interface is passivated with a SiO2 layer, which hinders the deposition of an inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) due to its high surface work function and low exchange current density of electrolyte decomposition. Consequently, a thermally vulnerable, organic-based SEI formed on the SiO electrode, leading to poor cycling performance at elevated temperatures. To address this issue, the SEI formation process is thermoelectrochemically activated. Increasing the formation temperature lowers the work function by shifting the electron energy levels and increases the exchange current density for SEI formation. Higher temperatures promote the incorporation of inorganic Li2CO3 into the SEI film, resulting from the two-electron reduction of ethylene carbonate; and hence the thermally stable SEI film leads the stable cycleability. However, excessively high temperatures cause the SEI layer to become thick and resistive, significantly increasing the polarization of the SiO electrode, which leads deficient improvement of cycle performance. Therefore, moderate temperature exposure is required to convert the organic SEI into less resistive, inorganic components. The implementation of a mechanism-assisted SEI formation process in pouch cells using identical materials significantly improves cycling performance, with a 20% enhancement by the 300th cycle. Additionally, the thermoelectrochemical activation of SEI formation reduces cathodic side reactions on SiO electrodes, which helps prevent coupled failure of the NCM electrode by mitigating intergranular cracking and preserving its structure.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serum albumin has myriad uses in biotechnology, but its value as a nanocarrier or nanoplatform for therapeutics is becoming increasingly important, notably with albumin-bound chemotherapeutics. Another emerging field is the fabrication of biopolymeric nanoparticles using albumin as a building block to achieve highly-tunable nonimmunogenic capsules or scaffolds that may be cheaply and reliably produced. The aim of this study was to characterize and optimize the desolvation process used for fabrication of albumin nanoparticles under ambient conditions, studying both glutaraldehyde (GT) and glucose (GLU) as crosslinking agents and the effect of various synthesis conditions including pH, electrolyte concentration, and rate of desolvation on particle size and stability. Particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were inves- tigated, morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and long-term stability and degradation modes were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was determined that the optimized synthesis procedure for synthesis of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) nanoparticles at the investigated scale under ambient conditions was addition of ethanol at a rate of 0.625 mL/min via infusion against the vial wall and a pH of 9 with the addition of no other electrolytes. Optimized BSA nanoparticles were synthesized at a size of 86±3.7 nm (σ=1.85) using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker and a size of 92±1.9 nm (σ=0.95) using glucose as a crosslinker with polydispersity indices of 0.08 and 0.05, respectively. Nanoparticles synthesized via the optimized procedure, using both crosslinkers, were found to maintain colloidal stability significantly longer than cases previously reported in the literature, with insignificant changes in hydrodynamic size many months after synthesis.
{"title":"Preparation of Bovine Serum Albumin Nanospheres via Desolvation: A Study of Synthesis, Characterization, and Aging","authors":"Blake A. Bartlett, John Klier, Sepideh Razavi","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04682j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04682j","url":null,"abstract":"Serum albumin has myriad uses in biotechnology, but its value as a nanocarrier or nanoplatform for therapeutics is becoming increasingly important, notably with albumin-bound chemotherapeutics. Another emerging field is the fabrication of biopolymeric nanoparticles using albumin as a building block to achieve highly-tunable nonimmunogenic capsules or scaffolds that may be cheaply and reliably produced. The aim of this study was to characterize and optimize the desolvation process used for fabrication of albumin nanoparticles under ambient conditions, studying both glutaraldehyde (GT) and glucose (GLU) as crosslinking agents and the effect of various synthesis conditions including pH, electrolyte concentration, and rate of desolvation on particle size and stability. Particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were inves- tigated, morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and long-term stability and degradation modes were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was determined that the optimized synthesis procedure for synthesis of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) nanoparticles at the investigated scale under ambient conditions was addition of ethanol at a rate of 0.625 mL/min via infusion against the vial wall and a pH of 9 with the addition of no other electrolytes. Optimized BSA nanoparticles were synthesized at a size of 86±3.7 nm (σ=1.85) using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker and a size of 92±1.9 nm (σ=0.95) using glucose as a crosslinker with polydispersity indices of 0.08 and 0.05, respectively. Nanoparticles synthesized via the optimized procedure, using both crosslinkers, were found to maintain colloidal stability significantly longer than cases previously reported in the literature, with insignificant changes in hydrodynamic size many months after synthesis.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadreza Rostami, Biao Yang, Xiaochuan Ma, Sifan You, Jin Zhou, Meng Zhang, Xuefeng Cui, Haiming Zhang, Francesco Allegretti, Bing Wang, Lifeng Chi, Johannes Barth
n-Armchair graphene nanoribbons (nAGNRs) are promising components for next-generation nanoelectronics due to their controllable band gap, which depends on their width and edge structure. Using non-metal surfaces for fabricating nAGNRs gives access to reliable information on their electronic properties. We investigated the influence of light and iron adatoms on the debromination of 4,4”-dibromo-p-terphenyl precursors affording poly(para-phenylene) (PPP as the narrowest GNR) wires through the Ullmann coupling reaction on a rutile TiO2(110) surface, which we studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The temperature threshold for bromine bond cleavage and desorption is reduced upon exposure to UV light (240-395 nm wavelength), but the reaction yield could not be improved. However, in the presence of codeposited iron adatoms, precursor debromination occurred even at 77 K, allowing for Ullmann coupling and PPP wire formation at 300-400 K, i.e., markedly lower temperatures compared to the conditions without iron adatoms. Furthermore, scanning tunneling spectroscopy data reveal that adsorbed PPP wires feature a band gap of ≈ 3.1 eV.
{"title":"Catalytic Effects of Iron Adatoms in Poly(para-phenylene) Synthesis on Rutile TiO2(110)","authors":"Mohammadreza Rostami, Biao Yang, Xiaochuan Ma, Sifan You, Jin Zhou, Meng Zhang, Xuefeng Cui, Haiming Zhang, Francesco Allegretti, Bing Wang, Lifeng Chi, Johannes Barth","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04407j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04407j","url":null,"abstract":"n-Armchair graphene nanoribbons (nAGNRs) are promising components for next-generation nanoelectronics due to their controllable band gap, which depends on their width and edge structure. Using non-metal surfaces for fabricating nAGNRs gives access to reliable information on their electronic properties. We investigated the influence of light and iron adatoms on the debromination of 4,4”-dibromo-p-terphenyl precursors affording poly(para-phenylene) (PPP as the narrowest GNR) wires through the Ullmann coupling reaction on a rutile TiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>(110) surface, which we studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The temperature threshold for bromine bond cleavage and desorption is reduced upon exposure to UV light (240-395 nm wavelength), but the reaction yield could not be improved. However, in the presence of codeposited iron adatoms, precursor debromination occurred even at 77 K, allowing for Ullmann coupling and PPP wire formation at 300-400 K, i.e., markedly lower temperatures compared to the conditions without iron adatoms. Furthermore, scanning tunneling spectroscopy data reveal that adsorbed PPP wires feature a band gap of ≈ 3.1 eV.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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