Nanoscale最新文献_第5页

Crossover between rigid and reconstructed moiré lattice in h-BN-encapsulated twisted bilayer WSe2 with different twist angles 不同扭转角的 h-BN 封装扭曲双层 WSe2 中的刚性和重构莫尔雷晶格之间的转换

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01863j

Kei Kinoshita, Yung-Chang Lin, Rai Moriya, Shota Okazaki, Momoko Onodera, Yijin Zhang, Ryosuke Senga, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Takao Sasagawa, Kazu Suenaga, Tomoki Machida

A moiré lattice in a twisted-bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide (tBL-TMD) exhibits a complex atomic reconstruction effect when its twist angle is less than a few degrees. The influence of the atomic reconstruction on material properties of the tBL-TMD has been of particular interest. In this study, we performed scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging of a moiré lattice in h-BN-encapsulated twisted bilayer WSe₂ with various twist angles. Atomic-resolution imaging of the moiré lattice revealed a reconstructed moiré lattice below a crossover twist angle of ~4° and a rigid moiré lattice above this angle. Our findings indicate that h-BN encapsulation has a considerable influence on lattice reconstruction, as the crossover twist angle was larger in h-BN-encapsulated devices compared to non-encapsulated devices. We believe that this difference is due to the improved flatness and uniformity of the twisted bilayers with h-BN encapsulation. Our results provide a foundation for a deeper understanding of the lattice reconstruction in twisted TMD materials with h-BN encapsulation.

当扭转角小于几度时，扭转层过渡金属二钙化物（tBL-TMD）中的摩尔格子会表现出复杂的原子重构效应。原子重构对 tBL-TMD 材料特性的影响一直备受关注。在这项研究中，我们对具有不同扭转角的 h-BN 包封扭转双层 WSe2 中的摩尔格子进行了扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）成像。摩尔纹晶格的原子分辨率成像显示，在约 4° 的交叉扭转角以下是重建的摩尔纹晶格，而在此角度以上则是刚性摩尔纹晶格。我们的研究结果表明，h-BN 封装对晶格重建有相当大的影响，因为与非封装器件相比，h-BN 封装器件的交叉扭转角更大。我们认为，这种差异是由于采用 h-BN 封装的扭曲双层膜的平整度和均匀性得到了改善。我们的研究结果为深入理解 h-BN 封装的扭曲 TMD 材料的晶格重构奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking Boundaries in Microbiology: Customizable Nanoparticles Transforming Microbial Detection 打破微生物学的界限：改变微生物检测的可定制纳米粒子

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01680g

P. A. Aboobacker, Latha Ragunathan, Thiyagarajan Sanjeevi, Aravind C Sasi, Kavitha Kanniyan, Richa Yadav, Ravikumar Sambandam

The detection and identification of microorganisms are crucial in microbiology laboratories. Traditionally, detecting and identifying microbes requires extended periods of incubation, significant manual effort, skilled personnel, and advanced laboratory facilities. Recent progress in nanotechnology has opened novel opportunities for detecting and identifying bacteria, viruses, and microbial metabolites using customized nanoparticles. These improvements are thought to have the ability to surpass the constraints of existing procedures and make a substantial contribution to the development of rapid microbiological diagnosis. This review article examines the customizability of nanoparticles for detecting bacteria, viruses, and microbial metabolites and discusses recent cutting-edge studies demonstrating the use of nanotechnology in biomedical research

微生物的检测和鉴定对微生物实验室至关重要。传统上，检测和鉴定微生物需要长时间的培养、大量的手工操作、熟练的人员和先进的实验室设施。纳米技术的最新进展为使用定制纳米粒子检测和鉴定细菌、病毒和微生物代谢物提供了新的机会。这些改进被认为有能力超越现有程序的限制，为微生物快速诊断的发展做出重大贡献。这篇综述文章探讨了用于检测细菌、病毒和微生物代谢物的纳米粒子的可定制性，并讨论了证明纳米技术在生物医学研究中的应用的最新前沿研究。

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Drying Routes on the Properties of Anisotropic All-Cellulose Composite Foams from Post-Consumer Cotton Clothing 干燥方法对消费后棉衣各向异性全纤维素复合泡沫性能的影响

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01720j

Carina Schiele, Maria-Ximena Ruiz-Caldas, Tingting Wu, Elisabetta Nocerino, Agnes Åhl, Aji Mathew, Gustav Nyström, Lennart Bergström, Varvara Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura

Biopolymer-based functional materials are essential for reducing the carbon footprint and providing high-quality lightweight materials suitable for packaging and thermal insulation. Here, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were efficiently upcycled from post-consumer cotton clothing by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and HCl hydrolysis with a yield of 62% and combined with wood cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to produce anisotropic foams by unidirectional freeze-casting followed by freeze drying (FD) or supercritical-drying (SCD). Unidirectional freeze-casting resulted in foams with aligned macropores irrespective of the drying method, but the particle packing in the foam wall was significantly affected by how the ice was removed. The FD foams showed tightly packed and aligned CNC and CNF particles while the SCD foams displayed a more network-like structure in the foam walls. The SCD compared to FD foams had more pores smaller than 300 nm and higher specific surface area but they were more susceptible to moisture-induced shrinkage, especially at relative humidities (RH) >50%. The FD and SCD foams displayed low radial thermal conductivity, and the FD foams displayed a higher mechanical strength and stiffness in compression in the direction of the aligned particles. Better understanding how drying influences the structural, thermal, mechanical and moisture-related properties of foams based on repurposed cotton is important for the development of sustainable nanostructured materials for various applications.

基于生物聚合物的功能材料对于减少碳足迹以及提供适用于包装和隔热的高质量轻质材料至关重要。在这里，通过 TEMPO 介导的氧化和盐酸水解，从消费后棉服中高效地回收了纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs），回收率达 62%，并与木纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）结合，通过单向冷冻铸造，然后冷冻干燥（FD）或超临界干燥（SCD）生产出各向异性泡沫。无论采用哪种干燥方法，单向冷冻铸造都能产生具有排列整齐的大孔的泡沫，但泡沫壁中的颗粒堆积受除冰方式的显著影响。FD 泡沫中的 CNC 和 CNF 颗粒紧密堆积、排列整齐，而 SCD 泡沫的泡沫壁则呈现出更多的网状结构。与 FD 泡沫相比，SCD 泡沫具有更多小于 300 纳米的孔隙和更高的比表面积，但它们更容易受湿气引起的收缩影响，尤其是在相对湿度 (RH) 为 50%时。FD 和 SCD 泡沫的径向导热率较低，而 FD 泡沫在对齐颗粒方向的压缩中显示出更高的机械强度和刚度。更好地了解干燥如何影响基于再利用棉花的泡沫的结构、热、机械和湿度相关特性，对于开发各种应用的可持续纳米结构材料非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of semiconductor nanocomposites for room-temperature gas sensors. 构建用于室温气体传感器的半导体纳米复合材料。

IF 5.8 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00441h

Wenjian Zhang, Xinyi Chen, Yuexi Chen, Hua-Yao Li, Huan Liu

Gas sensors are essential for ensuring public safety and improving quality of life. Room-temperature gas sensors are notable for their potential economic benefits and low energy consumption, and their expected integration with wearable electronics, making them a focal point of contemporary research. Advances in nanomaterials and low-dimensional semiconductors have significantly contributed to the enhancement of room-temperature gas sensors. These advancements have focused on improving sensitivity, selectivity, and response/recovery times, with nanocomposites offering distinct advantages. The discussion here focuses on the use of semiconductor nanocomposites for gas sensing at room temperature, and provides a review of the latest synthesis techniques for these materials. This involves the precise adjustment of chemical compositions, microstructures, and morphologies. In addition, the design principles and potential functional mechanisms are examined. This is crucial for deepening the understanding and enhancing the operational capabilities of sensors. We also highlight the challenges faced in scaling up the production of nanocomposite materials. Looking ahead, semiconductor nanocomposites are expected to drive innovation in gas sensor technology due to their carefully crafted design and construction, paving the way for their extensive use in various sectors.

气体传感器对于确保公共安全和提高生活质量至关重要。室温气体传感器因其潜在的经济效益和低能耗，以及有望与可穿戴电子设备的集成而备受瞩目，成为当代研究的焦点。纳米材料和低维半导体的进步极大地促进了室温气体传感器的发展。这些进步的重点是提高灵敏度、选择性和响应/恢复时间，其中纳米复合材料具有明显的优势。本文将重点讨论半导体纳米复合材料在室温气体传感中的应用，并对这些材料的最新合成技术进行回顾。这涉及化学成分、微结构和形态的精确调整。此外，还研究了设计原理和潜在的功能机制。这对于加深理解和提高传感器的操作能力至关重要。我们还强调了扩大纳米复合材料生产规模所面临的挑战。展望未来，半导体纳米复合材料因其精心的设计和构造，有望推动气体传感器技术的创新，为其在各个领域的广泛应用铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Performance optimization and comparison of vertical motion-based triboelectric nanogenerators 基于垂直运动的三电纳米发电机的性能优化与比较

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01588f

wenwu zhu, Jun Peng, Ao Qin, KangLong Yuan, BoShi Zhu, Shuai Lang, JiLiang Ma, Chuang Sun, Xuefeng Chen

Vertical motion configuration is a common design in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) for energy harvesting, however, the performance optimization and comparison are still vague between various vertical motion-based structures. In this paper, time-averaged power density is defined as a metric to compare the power output performance of vertically structured TENG, including contact mode and freestanding mode. To ensure the comparisons under the same circumstances, a novel sandwich-structured dielectric layer is designed to maintain a stable and consistent surface charge density, with an extra rotating triboelectric nanogenerator working as a charge pump. We also investigate the impact of parasitic capacitance, which is a primary source of error in theoretical optimizations. The freestanding TENG(FTENG) with a single dielectric layer demonstrates superior power performance, even when accounting for the influence of parasitic capacitance. This work provides valuable insights and guidelines for the design of high-performance mechanical energy harvesting devices.

垂直运动结构是三电纳米发电机（TENG）用于能量收集的一种常见设计，但各种基于垂直运动结构的性能优化和比较仍然模糊不清。本文将时间平均功率密度定义为比较垂直结构 TENG 功率输出性能的指标，包括接触模式和独立模式。为确保在相同情况下进行比较，我们设计了一种新型夹层结构介电层，以保持稳定一致的表面电荷密度，并额外设计了一个旋转三电纳米发电机作为电荷泵。我们还研究了寄生电容的影响，寄生电容是理论优化误差的主要来源。即使考虑到寄生电容的影响，具有单介质层的独立式 TENG（FTENG）也表现出了卓越的功率性能。这项研究为高性能机械能量收集装置的设计提供了宝贵的见解和指导。

引用次数: 0

Expanding the range of graphene energy transfer with multilayer graphene. 利用多层石墨烯扩大石墨烯能量转移的范围。

IF 5.8 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01723d

Karolina Gronkiewicz, Lars Richter, Fabian Knechtel, Patryk Pyrcz, Paul Leidinger, Sebastian Günther, Evelyn Ploetz, Philip Tinnefeld, Izabela Kamińska

The interaction between single emitters and graphene in the context of energy transfer has attracted significant attention due to its potential applications in fields such as biophysics and super-resolution microscopy. In this study, we investigate the influence of the number of graphene layers on graphene energy transfer (GET) by placing single dye molecules at defined distances from monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene substrates. We employ DNA origami nanostructures as chemical adapters to position the dye molecules precisely. Fluorescence lifetime measurements and analysis reveal an additive effect of graphene layers on the energy transfer rate extending the working range of GET up to distances of approximately 50-60 nm. Moreover, we show that switching a DNA pointer strand between two positions on a DNA origami nanostructure at a height of >28 nm above graphene is substantially better visualized with multilayer graphene substrates suggesting enhanced capabilities for applications such as biosensing and super-resolution microscopy for larger systems and distances. This study provides insights into the influence of graphene layers on energy transfer dynamics and offers new possibilities for exploiting graphene's unique properties in various nanotechnological applications.

由于其在生物物理学和超分辨率显微镜等领域的潜在应用，单发射体与石墨烯之间在能量传递方面的相互作用已引起人们的极大关注。在本研究中，我们将单个染料分子放置在离单层、双层和三层石墨烯基底一定距离的地方，研究石墨烯层数对石墨烯能量转移（GET）的影响。我们采用 DNA 折纸纳米结构作为化学适配器来精确定位染料分子。荧光寿命测量和分析表明，石墨烯层对能量传输率具有叠加效应，可将 GET 的工作范围扩展到约 50-60 纳米的距离。此外，我们还发现，在石墨烯上方 28 纳米以上的 DNA 折纸纳米结构上，DNA 指针链在两个位置之间的切换在多层石墨烯基底上得到了更好的可视化，这表明生物传感和超分辨显微镜等应用在更大系统和更远距离上的能力得到了增强。这项研究深入揭示了石墨烯层对能量传递动力学的影响，为在各种纳米技术应用中利用石墨烯的独特性能提供了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Laser-machined micro-supercapacitors: From microstructure engineering to smart integrated systems 激光加工微型超级电容器：从微结构工程到智能集成系统

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01860e

Hong-Peng Li, Junhao Luo, Shu-Mei Ding, Jia-Bao Ding

The rapid development of portable and wearable electronic devices has propelled the research on on-chip energy-storage devices. Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), as a kind of miniaturized electrochemical energy storage devices with high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, and long service life, have attracted wide attention in recent years. Nevertheless, conventional approaches necessitate laborious and time-intensive processes for manufacturing high-resolution interdigital electrodes. Laser micro-nano processing technology, characterized by its simplicity, scalability, high precision, and cost-effectiveness, has emerged as a research hotspot in the field of MSCs fabrication. Herein, the latest advancements in laser-machined MSCs and their integration into smart systems are reviewed. Firstly, the fundamentals of laser-fabricated MSCs, including the laser system, configuration, and performance evaluation, are investigated. Secondly, specific attention is given to the application of laser micro-nano technology, encompassing direct laser writing, laser cutting, laser ablation, and laser sintering, in the fabrication of MSCs. Subsequently, comprehensive summaries are provided regarding MSCs-powered smart integrated systems for portable electronics with multifunctionality. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with laser-fabricated MSCs, as well as the practical applications of MSCs-powered integrated systems, are briefly discussed.

便携式和可穿戴电子设备的快速发展推动了片上储能器件的研究。微型超级电容器（MSC）作为一种微型电化学储能器件，具有功率密度高、充放电速度快、使用寿命长等特点，近年来受到广泛关注。然而，传统方法需要耗费大量人力和时间来制造高分辨率的数字间电极。激光微纳加工技术具有操作简单、可扩展性强、精度高、成本低等特点，已成为制造间充质干细胞领域的研究热点。本文综述了激光加工间充质干细胞及其与智能系统集成的最新进展。首先，研究了激光制造间充质干细胞的基本原理，包括激光系统、配置和性能评估。其次，特别关注了激光微纳技术在制造间充质干细胞中的应用，包括直接激光写入、激光切割、激光烧蚀和激光烧结。随后，全面总结了以间苯二甲酸盐为动力的智能集成系统在便携式多功能电子产品中的应用。最后，简要讨论了与激光制造间充质干细胞相关的挑战和机遇，以及间充质干细胞驱动集成系统的实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

Transport, Trapping, Triplet Fusion: Thermally Retarded Exciton Migration in Tetracene Single Crystals 迁移、捕获、三重融合：四碳单晶中的热滞后激子迁移

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01086h

Dominik Muth, Sebastian Anhäuser, Daniel Bischof, Anton Krüger, Gregor Witte, Marina Gerhard

Efficient exciton migration is crucial for optoelectronic organic devices. While the transport of triplet excitons is generally slow compared to singlet excitons, triplet exciton migration in certain molecular semiconductors with endothermic singlet fission appears to be enhanced by a time-delayed regeneration of the more mobile singlet species via triplet fusion. This combined transport mechanism could be exploited for devices, but the interplay between singlet fission and triplet fusion, as well as the role of trap states are not yet well understood. Here, we study the spatiotemporal exciton dynamics in the singlet fission material tetracene by means of time resolved photoluminescence micro-spectroscopy on crystalline samples of different quality. Varying the temperature allows us to modify the dynamic equilibrium between singlet, triplet and trapped excitons. Supported by a kinetic model, we find that thermally activated dissociation of triplet pairs into free triplet excitons can account for an increase of the diffusion length below room temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate that trapping competes efficiently with exciton migration.

高效的激子迁移对光电有机器件至关重要。与单态激子相比，三态激子的传输速度通常较慢，但在某些具有单态裂变内热的分子半导体中，三态激子的迁移似乎可以通过三态聚变中移动性更强的单态物种的延时再生而得到加强。这种组合传输机制可用于设备，但人们对单线裂变和三重子聚变之间的相互作用以及陷阱态的作用还不甚了解。在这里，我们通过对不同质量的结晶样品进行时间分辨光致发光微光谱分析，研究了单裂变材料蒽中激子的时空动态。通过改变温度，我们可以改变单电子、三电子和俘获激子之间的动态平衡。在动力学模型的支持下，我们发现热激活三重子对解离成自由三重子激子可以解释室温以下扩散长度增加的原因。此外，我们还证明了诱捕与激子迁移之间的有效竞争。

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引用次数: 0

Lysozyme-sensitive plasmonic hydrogel nanocomposite for colorimetric dry-eye inflammation biosensing 用于干眼症比色生物传感的溶菌酶敏感质子水凝胶纳米复合材料

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01701c

Yasamin Ziai, Chiara Rinoldi, Francesca Petronella, Anna Beata Zakrzewska, Luciano De Sio, Filippo Pierini

Detection of lysozyme levels in ocular fluids is considered crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various health and eye conditions, including dry-eye syndrome. Hydrogel-based nanocomposites have been demonstrated to be one of the most promising platforms for fast and accurate sensing of different biomolecules. In this work, hydrogel, electrospun nanofibers, and plasmonic nanoparticles are combined to fabricate a sensitive and easy-to-use biosensor for lysozyme. Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers were covered with silver nanoplates (AgNPls), providing a stable plasmonic platform, where poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based (PNIPAAm) hydrogel layer allows mobility and well-integration of the biomolecules. By integrating these components, the platform can also exhibit a colorimetric response to the concentration of lysozyme, allowing for easy and non-invasive monitoring. Quantitative biosensing operates on the principle of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by plasmonic nanoparticles. Chemical, structural, thermal, and optical characterizations were performed on each platform layer, and the platform's ability to detect lysozyme at concentrations relevant to those found in tears of patients with dry-eye syndrome and other related diseases was investigated by colorimetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. This biosensor's sensitivity and rapid response time, alongside the easy detection by the naked eye, make it a promising tool for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of eye diseases.

眼液中溶菌酶水平的检测被认为是诊断和监测包括干眼症在内的各种健康和眼部疾病的关键。基于水凝胶的纳米复合材料已被证明是快速、准确地传感不同生物分子的最有前途的平台之一。在这项工作中，水凝胶、电纺纳米纤维和质子纳米粒子结合在一起，制成了一种灵敏易用的溶菌酶生物传感器。聚（L-乳酸-共己内酯）（PLCL）纳米纤维上覆盖着银纳米颗粒（AgNPls），提供了一个稳定的质子平台，而基于聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAAm）的水凝胶层允许生物分子的流动性和良好的整合。通过整合这些元件，该平台还能对溶菌酶的浓度做出比色反应，从而实现简便、无创的监测。定量生物传感的原理是由等离子纳米粒子诱导的局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）。对每个平台层进行了化学、结构、热和光学表征，并通过比色法和紫外可见光谱法研究了该平台检测溶菌酶的能力，其浓度与干眼症和其他相关疾病患者泪液中的浓度相当。这种生物传感器灵敏度高、响应速度快，而且容易被肉眼检测到，因此很有希望成为眼科疾病早期诊断和治疗监测的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-site OER Mechanism Exploration Through Regulating the Asymmetric Multi-site NiOOH 通过调节不对称多位点 NiOOH 探索双位点 OER 机制

IF 6.7 3区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Nanoscale

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01869a

Fei Wu, Biao Wu, Liang Chen, Yunan Wang, Jiejie Li, Qiuju Zhang

Asymmetric Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) possesses multi-OH and O active sites on different surfaces (001) and (001 @#x0305;), which possibly causes complicated catalytic process. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals that the unconventional dual-site mechanism (UDSM) of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on NiOOH (001) on (001 @#x0305;) exhibits significantly lower overpotentials of 0.80 and 0.77 V than 1.24 and 1.62 V for single-site mechanism (SSM), respectively. Through chemical doping or heterojunction modifications, the constructed NiOOH@FeOOH (001 @#x0305;) heterojunction reduces the thermodynamic overpotential to 0.49 V from the original 0.77 V undergoing UDSM. Although Fe/Co-doping or physical compression yield similar or slightly higher overpotentials, and is not conductive to facilitate OER process along UDSM, all the dual-site paths exhibit obviously lower overpotentials than SSM for pristine and regulated NiOOH (001) and (001 @#x0305;) from the whole viewpoint. This work identifies a more reasonable and efficient dual-site OER mechanism, which is expected to help the rational design of highly-efficient electrocatalysts.

不对称氢氧化镍（NiOOH）在不同的表面（001）和（001 @#x0305;）上具有多个OH和O活性位点，这可能会导致复杂的催化过程。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算显示，NiOOH（001）和（001 @#x0305；）表面氧进化反应的非常规双位点机理（UDSM）的过电势分别为 0.80 V 和 0.77 V，明显低于单位点机理（SSM）的 1.24 V 和 1.62 V。通过化学掺杂或异质结修饰，所构建的 NiOOH@FeOOH (001 @#x0305;) 异质结将 UDSM 的热力学过电位从原来的 0.77 V 降低到 0.49 V。虽然铁/钴掺杂或物理压缩产生的过电位相近或略高，而且对促进 UDSM 的 OER 过程没有传导作用，但从整体上看，对于原始和调节的 NiOOH (001) 和 (001 @#x0305;)，所有双位点路径都表现出明显低于 SSM 的过电位。这项研究发现了一种更合理、更高效的双位点 OER 机制，有望帮助合理设计高效电催化剂。

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引用次数: 0