首页 > 最新文献

Nanoscale最新文献

英文 中文
Light-Activated Self-thermophoretic Janus Nanopropellers 光激活自热泳膜Janus纳米螺旋桨
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04182a
Henri Truong, Chiara Moretti, Lionel Buisson, Benjamin Abecassis, Eric Grelet
Achieving controlled and directed motion of artificial nanoscale systems in three-dimensional fluid environments remains a key-challenge in active matter, primarily due to the prevailing thermal fluctuations that rapidly randomize the particle trajectories. While significant progress has been made with micrometer-sized particles, imparting sufficient mechanical energy, or self-propulsion, to nanometer-sized particles to overcome Brownian diffusion and enable controlled transport remains a major issue for emerging applications in nanoscience and nanomedicine. Here, we address this challenge by demonstrating the fuel-free, reversible, and tunable active behavior of gold-silica (Au-SiO2 ) Janus nanoparticles (radius R ∼ 33 nm) induced by optical excitation. Using single particle tracking, we provide direct experimental evidence of self-thermophoresis, clearly distinguishing active motion from thermal noise. These light-driven Janus nanoparticles constitute a minimal yet robust photothermal system for investigating active matter and its manipulation at the nanoscale.
在三维流体环境中实现人工纳米级系统的可控定向运动仍然是活性物质领域的一个关键挑战,主要是因为普遍存在的热波动会迅速随机化粒子轨迹。虽然微米级的粒子已经取得了重大进展,但为纳米级粒子提供足够的机械能或自我推进力来克服布朗扩散并实现可控的传输仍然是纳米科学和纳米医学新兴应用中的一个主要问题。在这里,我们通过展示由光激发诱导的金-二氧化硅(Au-SiO2) Janus纳米颗粒(半径R ~ 33 nm)的无燃料、可逆和可调谐的活性行为来解决这一挑战。利用单粒子跟踪,我们提供了自热泳动的直接实验证据,清楚地区分了主动运动和热噪声。这些光驱动的Janus纳米颗粒构成了一个最小但强大的光热系统,用于研究活性物质及其在纳米尺度上的操作。
{"title":"Light-Activated Self-thermophoretic Janus Nanopropellers","authors":"Henri Truong, Chiara Moretti, Lionel Buisson, Benjamin Abecassis, Eric Grelet","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04182a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04182a","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving controlled and directed motion of artificial nanoscale systems in three-dimensional fluid environments remains a key-challenge in active matter, primarily due to the prevailing thermal fluctuations that rapidly randomize the particle trajectories. While significant progress has been made with micrometer-sized particles, imparting sufficient mechanical energy, or self-propulsion, to nanometer-sized particles to overcome Brownian diffusion and enable controlled transport remains a major issue for emerging applications in nanoscience and nanomedicine. Here, we address this challenge by demonstrating the fuel-free, reversible, and tunable active behavior of gold-silica (Au-SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> ) Janus nanoparticles (radius R ∼ 33 nm) induced by optical excitation. Using single particle tracking, we provide direct experimental evidence of self-thermophoresis, clearly distinguishing active motion from thermal noise. These light-driven Janus nanoparticles constitute a minimal yet robust photothermal system for investigating active matter and its manipulation at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on carbon dots encapsulated in ZIF-8 for visual discrimination and detection of tetracycline and chlortetracycline 基于ZIF-8包封碳点的比例荧光传感器用于四环素和氯四环素的视觉识别和检测
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04604a
Jin Wang, Baojie Liu, Jixing Liang, Hongguo Hao, Yao-Yao Wang, Yun-Wu Li, Suna Wang
Tetracyclines (TCs), widely used in livestock farming, accumulate in ecosystems and pose health risks due to their persistence. Existing detection methods suffer from high cost, complex procedures, and insufficient specificity. Herein, a dual-emission fluorescent composite (CDs@ZIF-8) was designed by encapsulating carbon dots (CDs) into a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The composite material exhibits distinct dual emission peaks at 332 nm (ZIF-8) and 492 nm (CDs), and achieves ratiometric fluorescence sensing and differentiation between two structurally analogous antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) by quenching the ZIF-8 peak and enhancing the CD peak. The sensor achieves low detection limits of 7.13 nM for TC and 7.25 nM for CTC, with excellent selectivity and anti-interference capability over other antibiotics. A colorimetric logic gate and smartphone-based RGB analysis platform were developed for visual discrimination and quantitative detection, demonstrating high accuracy in real-sample analysis. This work provides a robust, low-cost strategy for on-site monitoring of TC antibiotics.
四环素广泛用于畜牧业,在生态系统中积累,并因其持久性而构成健康风险。现有的检测方法存在成本高、程序复杂、特异性不足等问题。本文通过将碳点(CDs)封装到沸石咪唑酸骨架-8 (ZIF-8)中,设计了一种双发射荧光复合材料(CDs@ZIF-8)。该复合材料在332 nm (ZIF-8)和492 nm (CDs)处表现出明显的双发射峰,并通过猝灭ZIF-8峰和增强CD峰实现了结构相似的抗生素四环素(TC)和氯四环素(CTC)的比例荧光传感和区分。该传感器对TC和CTC的检出限分别为7.13 nM和7.25 nM,具有较好的选择性和抗干扰能力。开发了色度逻辑门和基于智能手机的RGB分析平台,用于视觉识别和定量检测,在实际样品分析中具有较高的准确性。这项工作为TC抗生素的现场监测提供了一种可靠、低成本的策略。
{"title":"A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on carbon dots encapsulated in ZIF-8 for visual discrimination and detection of tetracycline and chlortetracycline","authors":"Jin Wang, Baojie Liu, Jixing Liang, Hongguo Hao, Yao-Yao Wang, Yun-Wu Li, Suna Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04604a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04604a","url":null,"abstract":"Tetracyclines (TCs), widely used in livestock farming, accumulate in ecosystems and pose health risks due to their persistence. Existing detection methods suffer from high cost, complex procedures, and insufficient specificity. Herein, a dual-emission fluorescent composite (CDs@ZIF-8) was designed by encapsulating carbon dots (CDs) into a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The composite material exhibits distinct dual emission peaks at 332 nm (ZIF-8) and 492 nm (CDs), and achieves ratiometric fluorescence sensing and differentiation between two structurally analogous antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) by quenching the ZIF-8 peak and enhancing the CD peak. The sensor achieves low detection limits of 7.13 nM for TC and 7.25 nM for CTC, with excellent selectivity and anti-interference capability over other antibiotics. A colorimetric logic gate and smartphone-based RGB analysis platform were developed for visual discrimination and quantitative detection, demonstrating high accuracy in real-sample analysis. This work provides a robust, low-cost strategy for on-site monitoring of TC antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low-Temperature Growth of High-Quality Multilayer Graphene Films on Porous CuNi Alloys for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance 多孔CuNi合金上低温生长高质量多层石墨烯膜以增强耐蚀性
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr05158d
Fan Xie, Fan Xia, Zhangyao Xu, Han Han, Ziqi Wang, Qingda Zhu, Haochuan Chen, Fuchao Yan, Yifan Lian, Jingyu Sun, Jincan Zhang
Multilayer graphene (MLG) is an excellent protective material for engineering alloy in aqueous environments, owing to its high crystallinity and nm-scale thickness. However, achieving conformal deposition of high-quality MLG films on porous alloys without damaging their intricate microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, utilizing CuNi alloy with multiscale microstructures as surrogate models, we achieve conformal growth of high-quality, continuous, MLG films (thickness < 5 nm) without damaging the porous structures at a temperature of 700 °C, which is the lowest reported to date for defect-free graphene growth. This breakthrough is mainly attributed to the use of methanol as the carbon source and the favorable catalytic activity of the CuNi substrates. Electrochemical tests in a corrosive solution show that the graphene-skinned porous alloy exhibits a 14-fold reduction in corrosion current density and an 8-fold increase in charge transfer resistance compared to the bare substrate. Furthermore, complete conformal coverage of MLG films is successfully validated on bulk-porous CuNi alloy, along with comparable protective efficacy. This work thus provides a universal low-temperature growth strategy for MLG on alloys with diverse structural features, enabling their stable service in aqueous environments and thus holding promising applications in marine engineering and energy-related fields.
多层石墨烯(MLG)具有高结晶度和纳米级厚度等优点,是一种优良的工程合金水环境防护材料。然而,如何在不破坏多孔合金复杂显微结构的情况下,在多孔合金上实现高质量MLG膜的保形沉积仍然是一个挑战。在此,我们利用具有多尺度微观结构的CuNi合金作为替代模型,在700°C的温度下实现了高质量、连续的MLG薄膜(厚度<; 5nm)的保形生长,而不破坏多孔结构,这是迄今为止报道的无缺陷石墨烯生长的最低温度。这一突破主要归功于甲醇作为碳源的使用和CuNi底物良好的催化活性。腐蚀溶液中的电化学测试表明,石墨烯包覆多孔合金的腐蚀电流密度降低了14倍,电荷转移电阻增加了8倍。此外,在多孔CuNi合金上成功验证了MLG薄膜的完全保形覆盖,以及相当的保护效果。因此,这项工作为具有不同结构特征的合金的MLG提供了一种通用的低温生长策略,使其能够在水环境中稳定使用,从而在海洋工程和能源相关领域具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Low-Temperature Growth of High-Quality Multilayer Graphene Films on Porous CuNi Alloys for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance","authors":"Fan Xie, Fan Xia, Zhangyao Xu, Han Han, Ziqi Wang, Qingda Zhu, Haochuan Chen, Fuchao Yan, Yifan Lian, Jingyu Sun, Jincan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05158d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05158d","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer graphene (MLG) is an excellent protective material for engineering alloy in aqueous environments, owing to its high crystallinity and nm-scale thickness. However, achieving conformal deposition of high-quality MLG films on porous alloys without damaging their intricate microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, utilizing CuNi alloy with multiscale microstructures as surrogate models, we achieve conformal growth of high-quality, continuous, MLG films (thickness &lt; 5 nm) without damaging the porous structures at a temperature of 700 °C, which is the lowest reported to date for defect-free graphene growth. This breakthrough is mainly attributed to the use of methanol as the carbon source and the favorable catalytic activity of the CuNi substrates. Electrochemical tests in a corrosive solution show that the graphene-skinned porous alloy exhibits a 14-fold reduction in corrosion current density and an 8-fold increase in charge transfer resistance compared to the bare substrate. Furthermore, complete conformal coverage of MLG films is successfully validated on bulk-porous CuNi alloy, along with comparable protective efficacy. This work thus provides a universal low-temperature growth strategy for MLG on alloys with diverse structural features, enabling their stable service in aqueous environments and thus holding promising applications in marine engineering and energy-related fields.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From chain to framework: atomically precise silver cluster-assembled architectures 从链到框架:原子精确的银簇组装架构
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04708k
Xiaolin Liu, Taeyoung Ki, Seungwoo Yoo, Guocheng Deng, Megalamane S. Bootharaju, Taeghwan Hyeon
The controlled assembly of atomically defined metal nanoclusters (NCs) into extended frameworks represents a powerful approach to developing functional materials with tailored properties. However, achieving structural dimensionality (1D–3D) control while maintaining the integrity of a single cluster core remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the construction of a series of silver cluster-assembled materials (SCAMs) using Ag12 clusters and directional N-donor ligands of varying lengths. The resulting architectures—1D [Ag12(StBu)6(CF3COO)6(Py2S)2(CH3CN)2], 2D [Ag12(StBu)6(CF3COO)6(bpm)3], and 3D [Ag12(StBu)6(CF3COO)6(tmdp)3]—feature preserved cuboctahedral Ag12 cores connected through directional Ag-N bonding. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms structural fidelity across all dimensions. These assemblies provide a rare platform to systematically explore the impact of dimensionality on function. Catalytic tests reveal that all three SCAMs efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to aminoaromatics, with the 1D SCAM exhibiting the highest activity. This work highlights a rational, ligand-directed strategy for creating dimensionally tunable, atomically precise cluster-based frameworks and establishes a direct link between structural dimensionality and catalytic performance. Our findings offer a blueprint for designing next-generation nanomaterials with customized architectures and functions for advanced catalytic and optoelectronic applications.
将原子定义的金属纳米团簇(nc)控制组装成扩展框架是开发具有定制特性的功能材料的一种有效方法。然而,在保持单个簇芯完整性的同时实现结构维度(1D-3D)控制仍然是一个重大挑战。在此,我们报道了一系列使用Ag12簇和不同长度的定向n给体配体的银簇组装材料(SCAMs)的构建。所得到的结构- 1d [Ag12(StBu)6(CF3COO)6(Py2S)2(CH3CN)2], 2D [Ag12(StBu)6(CF3COO)6(bpm)3]和3D [Ag12(StBu)6(CF3COO)6(tmdp)3] -具有通过定向Ag-N键连接的保存的立方体Ag12核心。单晶x射线衍射证实了所有维度的结构保真度。这些组件为系统地探索维度对功能的影响提供了难得的平台。催化实验表明,三种SCAMs均能有效催化硝基芳烃加氢生成氨基芳烃,其中1D SCAM的催化活性最高。这项工作强调了一种合理的、配体导向的策略,用于创建尺寸可调的、原子精确的基于簇的框架,并在结构尺寸和催化性能之间建立了直接联系。我们的发现为设计具有定制结构和功能的下一代纳米材料提供了蓝图,这些纳米材料可用于先进的催化和光电子应用。
{"title":"From chain to framework: atomically precise silver cluster-assembled architectures","authors":"Xiaolin Liu, Taeyoung Ki, Seungwoo Yoo, Guocheng Deng, Megalamane S. Bootharaju, Taeghwan Hyeon","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04708k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04708k","url":null,"abstract":"The controlled assembly of atomically defined metal nanoclusters (NCs) into extended frameworks represents a powerful approach to developing functional materials with tailored properties. However, achieving structural dimensionality (1D–3D) control while maintaining the integrity of a single cluster core remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the construction of a series of silver cluster-assembled materials (SCAMs) using Ag<small><sub>12</sub></small> clusters and directional N-donor ligands of varying lengths. The resulting architectures—1D [Ag<small><sub>12</sub></small>(S<small><sup><em>t</em></sup></small>Bu)<small><sub>6</sub></small>(CF<small><sub>3</sub></small>COO)<small><sub>6</sub></small>(Py<small><sub>2</sub></small>S)<small><sub>2</sub></small>(CH<small><sub>3</sub></small>CN)<small><sub>2</sub></small>], 2D [Ag<small><sub>12</sub></small>(S<small><sup><em>t</em></sup></small>Bu)<small><sub>6</sub></small>(CF<small><sub>3</sub></small>COO)<small><sub>6</sub></small>(bpm)<small><sub>3</sub></small>], and 3D [Ag<small><sub>12</sub></small>(S<small><sup><em>t</em></sup></small>Bu)<small><sub>6</sub></small>(CF<small><sub>3</sub></small>COO)<small><sub>6</sub></small>(tmdp)<small><sub>3</sub></small>]—feature preserved cuboctahedral Ag<small><sub>12</sub></small> cores connected through directional Ag-N bonding. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms structural fidelity across all dimensions. These assemblies provide a rare platform to systematically explore the impact of dimensionality on function. Catalytic tests reveal that all three SCAMs efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to aminoaromatics, with the 1D SCAM exhibiting the highest activity. This work highlights a rational, ligand-directed strategy for creating dimensionally tunable, atomically precise cluster-based frameworks and establishes a direct link between structural dimensionality and catalytic performance. Our findings offer a blueprint for designing next-generation nanomaterials with customized architectures and functions for advanced catalytic and optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid lipoplex co-delivering siPD-L1/miR-140-5p reverses T cell exhaustion via post-transcriptional regulation for in situ photothermal vaccination 混合脂质体共递送siPD-L1/miR-140-5p,通过原位光热疫苗转录后调控逆转T细胞衰竭
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr05275k
Qunjie Bi, Huan Yang, Shiyi Li, Haoyue Chen, Yichun Wang, Binbin Yang, Tao Zhang, Xia He, Matthias Barz, Heyang Zhang, Rongrong Jin, Yu Nie
Mild photothermal therapy (MPTT) can generate an in situ vaccine by releasing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), yet its efficacy is often compromised by the concomitant upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells, leading to T-cell exhaustion and adaptive immune resistance. Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targeted to the coding sequence (CDS) can degrade PD-L1 mRNA, the structural variations of mRNA in the 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) can stabilize the transcript and impair siRNA efficacy. Thus, effective PD-L1 blockade remains challenging, which need the combination targets to both CDS and 3’-UTR for post-transcriptional regulation. Herein, we developed a lipoplex hybridized with gold nanoflowers (AuNFs/RLS, AR) to generate in situ vaccine through local MPTT, which co-delivered silencing PD-L1 siRNA (siPD-L1) and microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) (AR/si/mi). It demonstrated promoted dendritic cell maturation, enhanced TAAs uptake, and robust local immune priming. An approximately 90% inhibition of PD-L1 mRNA was achieved by the AR/si/mi system. In murine bilateral melanoma models, intratumoral administration of the hybrid lipoplex not only ablated primary tumors (95.8% inhibition) but also elicited systemic antitumor immunity, effectively suppressing untreated distant tumors (99.6% inhibition). This combination treatment mitigated MPTT induced PD-L1 upregulation and alleviated T cell exhaustion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a synergistic strategy that enhances photothermal immunotherapy through co-delivery of siRNA and miRNA to suppress PD-L1, enabling potent and systemic antitumor responses.
轻度光热疗法(MPTT)可以通过释放肿瘤相关抗原(TAAs)来产生原位疫苗,但其疗效往往因肿瘤细胞上程序性细胞死亡配体1 (PD-L1)的上调而降低,导致t细胞衰竭和适应性免疫抵抗。虽然靶向编码序列(CDS)的小干扰RNA (small interfering RNA, siRNA)可以降解PD-L1 mRNA,但mRNA在3 ‘非翻译区(3 ’ -UTR)的结构变化可以稳定转录物,损害siRNA的效力。因此,有效的PD-L1阻断仍然具有挑战性,这需要结合CDS和3 ' -UTR进行转录后调控。在此,我们开发了一种与金纳米花(AuNFs/RLS, AR)杂交的脂质体,通过局部MPTT产生原位疫苗,其共同递送沉默PD-L1 siRNA (siPD-L1)和microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) (AR/si/mi)。它显示了促进树突状细胞成熟,增强TAAs摄取和强大的局部免疫启动。AR/si/mi系统对PD-L1 mRNA的抑制作用约为90%。在小鼠双侧黑色素瘤模型中,瘤内给药混合脂质体不仅能消融原发肿瘤(抑制95.8%),还能激发全身抗肿瘤免疫,有效抑制未治疗的远端肿瘤(抑制99.6%)。这种联合治疗减轻了MPTT诱导的PD-L1上调,减轻了T细胞衰竭。总的来说,这些发现证明了一种协同策略,通过siRNA和miRNA的共同递送来抑制PD-L1,从而增强光热免疫治疗,从而实现有效的全身抗肿瘤反应。
{"title":"Hybrid lipoplex co-delivering siPD-L1/miR-140-5p reverses T cell exhaustion via post-transcriptional regulation for in situ photothermal vaccination","authors":"Qunjie Bi, Huan Yang, Shiyi Li, Haoyue Chen, Yichun Wang, Binbin Yang, Tao Zhang, Xia He, Matthias Barz, Heyang Zhang, Rongrong Jin, Yu Nie","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05275k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05275k","url":null,"abstract":"Mild photothermal therapy (MPTT) can generate an in situ vaccine by releasing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), yet its efficacy is often compromised by the concomitant upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells, leading to T-cell exhaustion and adaptive immune resistance. Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targeted to the coding sequence (CDS) can degrade PD-L1 mRNA, the structural variations of mRNA in the 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) can stabilize the transcript and impair siRNA efficacy. Thus, effective PD-L1 blockade remains challenging, which need the combination targets to both CDS and 3’-UTR for post-transcriptional regulation. Herein, we developed a lipoplex hybridized with gold nanoflowers (AuNFs/RLS, AR) to generate in situ vaccine through local MPTT, which co-delivered silencing PD-L1 siRNA (siPD-L1) and microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) (AR/si/mi). It demonstrated promoted dendritic cell maturation, enhanced TAAs uptake, and robust local immune priming. An approximately 90% inhibition of PD-L1 mRNA was achieved by the AR/si/mi system. In murine bilateral melanoma models, intratumoral administration of the hybrid lipoplex not only ablated primary tumors (95.8% inhibition) but also elicited systemic antitumor immunity, effectively suppressing untreated distant tumors (99.6% inhibition). This combination treatment mitigated MPTT induced PD-L1 upregulation and alleviated T cell exhaustion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a synergistic strategy that enhances photothermal immunotherapy through co-delivery of siRNA and miRNA to suppress PD-L1, enabling potent and systemic antitumor responses.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact on image formation of inevitable tip bending with modern high resolution atomic force microscopy probes. 现代高分辨率原子力显微镜探针对不可避免的尖端弯曲成像的影响。
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr02107c
Xinyue Chen,Harrison C Swift,Patrick Hole,Andrew D L Humphris,Jamie K Hobbs
The majority of atomic force microscopy (AFM) applications rely on tracking and analysing the cantilever motion while assuming the tip is a solid attachment. This assumption is insufficient for accurate imaging with very high aspect ratio (>10 : 1) probes, where tip bending, in addition to cantilever deflection, can significantly distort the morphological image. Here, using quantitative imaging on reference nanostructures and experimental calibration of the tip stiffness, we show that tip bending plays an important role for a range of tested popular commercial AFM probes, even those with relatively low tip aspect ratio, and results in greater than 10 nm errors in measured sample topography in the presence of sufficient tip-sample interaction forces. These effects can be significantly altered by changing the imaging environment. We propose that tip bending should be properly considered in all AFM applications and included in image analysis pipelines to ensure accurate topographic characterisation.
大多数原子力显微镜(AFM)的应用依赖于跟踪和分析悬臂运动,同时假设尖端是固体附件。这种假设对于高纵横比(bbb10: 1)探针的精确成像是不够的,因为探针的尖端弯曲除了悬臂偏转外,还会严重扭曲形态图像。通过对参考纳米结构的定量成像和尖端刚度的实验校准,我们发现尖端弯曲在一系列测试的流行商用AFM探针中起着重要作用,即使是那些尖端长径比相对较低的探针,并且在足够的尖端-样品相互作用力存在下,测量样品形貌的误差大于10 nm。这些影响可以通过改变成像环境而显著改变。我们建议在所有AFM应用中都应适当考虑尖端弯曲,并将其包括在图像分析管道中,以确保准确的地形特征。
{"title":"The impact on image formation of inevitable tip bending with modern high resolution atomic force microscopy probes.","authors":"Xinyue Chen,Harrison C Swift,Patrick Hole,Andrew D L Humphris,Jamie K Hobbs","doi":"10.1039/d5nr02107c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr02107c","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of atomic force microscopy (AFM) applications rely on tracking and analysing the cantilever motion while assuming the tip is a solid attachment. This assumption is insufficient for accurate imaging with very high aspect ratio (>10 : 1) probes, where tip bending, in addition to cantilever deflection, can significantly distort the morphological image. Here, using quantitative imaging on reference nanostructures and experimental calibration of the tip stiffness, we show that tip bending plays an important role for a range of tested popular commercial AFM probes, even those with relatively low tip aspect ratio, and results in greater than 10 nm errors in measured sample topography in the presence of sufficient tip-sample interaction forces. These effects can be significantly altered by changing the imaging environment. We propose that tip bending should be properly considered in all AFM applications and included in image analysis pipelines to ensure accurate topographic characterisation.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphology-dependent catalytic performance of Co3O4 nanomaterials in the oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolines 纳米材料Co3O4在四氢喹啉氧化脱氢反应中的催化性能
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04947d
Suresh Babu Putla, Palanivel Subha, Nittan Singh, Putla Sudarsanam, PAVULURI Srinivasu
Nanostructured metal oxides with controlled particle morphology are considered to be highly effective for heterogeneous catalysis owing to their unique surface, acid-base, and redox properties. Here, we report the synthesis of shape-controlled Co3O4 nanocatalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles to their corresponding aromatic derivatives. Various Co3O4 nanostructured catalysts, namely spherical-like (Co3O4-SP) and cubes (Co3O4-C), along with randomly shaped nanoparticles (Co3O4-NP), were prepared via template-free hydrothermal methods and thoroughly characterized using several analytical techniques. Among them, the Co3O4-SP material exhibited superior catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), achieving 95% conversion of THQ with 100% selectivity to quinoline, which is due to the optimum amount of Co3+ species (Co3+/Co2+ = 0.515) and acid sites (0.192 mmol g⁻¹), along with the oxygen vacancy sites. In contrast, the Co3O4-NP and Co3O4-C catalysts gave 72% and 51% conversions of THQ, respectively, although 100% quinoline selectivity was achieved in both cases. The substrate scope was further extended to diverse N-heteroaromatic compounds (10 examples), delivering good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Notably, the Co3O4-SP catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, with negligible loss in its catalytic activity over five cycles. The evaluated green chemistry metrics further demonstrated the sustainability of the developed Co3O4-SP-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles.
具有可控颗粒形态的纳米结构金属氧化物由于其独特的表面、酸碱和氧化还原性质,被认为对多相催化非常有效。在这里,我们报道了形状控制的Co3O4纳米催化剂的合成,用于n -杂环氧化脱氢成相应的芳香衍生物。采用无模板水热法制备了球形(Co3O4- sp)、立方体(Co3O4- c)以及随机形状的纳米颗粒(Co3O4- np)等多种Co3O4纳米结构催化剂,并利用多种分析技术对其进行了全面表征。其中,Co3O4-SP材料在1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(THQ)的氧化脱氢反应中表现出优异的催化性能,由于Co3+的量(Co3+/Co2+ = 0.515)和酸位(0.192 mmol g⁻¹)以及氧空位的数量最优,THQ的转化率为95%,选择性为100%。相比之下,Co3O4-NP和Co3O4-C催化剂的THQ转化率分别为72%和51%,尽管这两种催化剂的喹啉选择性都达到了100%。底物范围进一步扩展到不同的n -杂芳烃化合物(10个例子),在温和的反应条件下获得了良好的收率。值得注意的是,Co3O4-SP催化剂具有良好的可重复使用性,在5个循环中其催化活性的损失可以忽略不计。评价的绿色化学指标进一步证明了所开发的co3o4 - sp催化n -杂环氧化脱氢的可持续性。
{"title":"Morphology-dependent catalytic performance of Co3O4 nanomaterials in the oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolines","authors":"Suresh Babu Putla, Palanivel Subha, Nittan Singh, Putla Sudarsanam, PAVULURI Srinivasu","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04947d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04947d","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured metal oxides with controlled particle morphology are considered to be highly effective for heterogeneous catalysis owing to their unique surface, acid-base, and redox properties. Here, we report the synthesis of shape-controlled Co3O4 nanocatalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles to their corresponding aromatic derivatives. Various Co3O4 nanostructured catalysts, namely spherical-like (Co3O4-SP) and cubes (Co3O4-C), along with randomly shaped nanoparticles (Co3O4-NP), were prepared via template-free hydrothermal methods and thoroughly characterized using several analytical techniques. Among them, the Co3O4-SP material exhibited superior catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), achieving 95% conversion of THQ with 100% selectivity to quinoline, which is due to the optimum amount of Co3+ species (Co3+/Co2+ = 0.515) and acid sites (0.192 mmol g⁻¹), along with the oxygen vacancy sites. In contrast, the Co3O4-NP and Co3O4-C catalysts gave 72% and 51% conversions of THQ, respectively, although 100% quinoline selectivity was achieved in both cases. The substrate scope was further extended to diverse N-heteroaromatic compounds (10 examples), delivering good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Notably, the Co3O4-SP catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, with negligible loss in its catalytic activity over five cycles. The evaluated green chemistry metrics further demonstrated the sustainability of the developed Co3O4-SP-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A meniscus morphology modulation method for meniscus-confined electrodeposition. 半月板受限电沉积的半月板形态调制方法。
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04452a
Yi Zhou,Xiaobo Liao,Long Chen,Xuan Liao,Jian Zhuang,Lei Cheng,Wang Zhi Wu,Jia Xin Yu,Yinghao Wang,Linxiao Teng
Meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED) is an emerging micro-nano-fabrication method. It has attracted much attention due to its low cost, simple process and ability to freely fabricate complex three-dimensional structures with high aspect ratios. However, in the MCED process, the meniscus morphology (confined electrochemical reaction micro-region) is susceptible to the interference of external factors (environmental humidity and variation in the distance between the probe tip and the deposited microstructure), thereby affecting the deposition continuity and stability. To address this challenge, we developed a meniscus morphology regulation method that controls the pressure inside glass probes through tail-end pressurization to adjust the radius of meniscus profile. Simulation and experimental results show that by adjusting the solution pressure (ranging from -5 kPa to 5 kPa), the meniscus width can be controlled within 0.6 to 1.5 times its initial value (the width under no applied pressure). The most notable achievement is that a copper pillar array with a height of 33 μm and a width ranging from 7 to 15 μm is successfully fabricated by adjusting the diameter of the meniscus profile during the deposition process. The results show that the proposed method not only improves the continuity and stability of electrochemical deposition, but also provides a new idea for the preparation of complex three-dimensional structures, which effectively expands the application scenarios of MCED.
半月板约束电沉积(MCED)是一种新兴的微纳米加工方法。它以其成本低、工艺简单、能够自由制作高纵横比的复杂三维结构而备受关注。然而,在MCED过程中,半月板形貌(受限电化学反应微区)容易受到外界因素(环境湿度、探针尖端与沉积微观结构之间距离的变化)的干扰,从而影响沉积的连续性和稳定性。为了解决这一挑战,我们开发了一种半月板形态调节方法,通过尾端加压来控制玻璃探头内的压力,以调节半月板轮廓的半径。仿真和实验结果表明,通过调节溶液压力(-5 kPa ~ 5 kPa),可以将半月板宽度控制在初始值(无压力下宽度)的0.6 ~ 1.5倍。最显著的成果是在沉积过程中通过调整半月板轮廓的直径,成功地制备了高33 μm、宽7 ~ 15 μm的铜柱阵列。结果表明,该方法不仅提高了电化学沉积的连续性和稳定性,而且为复杂三维结构的制备提供了新的思路,有效地拓展了MCED的应用场景。
{"title":"A meniscus morphology modulation method for meniscus-confined electrodeposition.","authors":"Yi Zhou,Xiaobo Liao,Long Chen,Xuan Liao,Jian Zhuang,Lei Cheng,Wang Zhi Wu,Jia Xin Yu,Yinghao Wang,Linxiao Teng","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04452a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04452a","url":null,"abstract":"Meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED) is an emerging micro-nano-fabrication method. It has attracted much attention due to its low cost, simple process and ability to freely fabricate complex three-dimensional structures with high aspect ratios. However, in the MCED process, the meniscus morphology (confined electrochemical reaction micro-region) is susceptible to the interference of external factors (environmental humidity and variation in the distance between the probe tip and the deposited microstructure), thereby affecting the deposition continuity and stability. To address this challenge, we developed a meniscus morphology regulation method that controls the pressure inside glass probes through tail-end pressurization to adjust the radius of meniscus profile. Simulation and experimental results show that by adjusting the solution pressure (ranging from -5 kPa to 5 kPa), the meniscus width can be controlled within 0.6 to 1.5 times its initial value (the width under no applied pressure). The most notable achievement is that a copper pillar array with a height of 33 μm and a width ranging from 7 to 15 μm is successfully fabricated by adjusting the diameter of the meniscus profile during the deposition process. The results show that the proposed method not only improves the continuity and stability of electrochemical deposition, but also provides a new idea for the preparation of complex three-dimensional structures, which effectively expands the application scenarios of MCED.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of lattice strain in advancing electrocatalytic performance: from mechanisms to practical applications. 晶格应变在提高电催化性能中的作用:从机理到实际应用。
IF 5.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04443j
Juan Luo, Jiaxin Tong, Haili Zhao, Xiaonian Zeng, Feng Liu, Haiyan Wu, Hao Cui, Pengfei Tan, Jun Pan

Lattice strain engineering has emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy for modulating the electronic and geometric structures of electrocatalysts at the atomic scale. By finely tuning interatomic distances and orbital interactions, lattice strain directly influences adsorption energetics and reaction kinetics, offering an effective pathway to overcome intrinsic activity and stability limitations in key electrochemical processes. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles of lattice strain effects, including electronic and geometric modulation mechanisms and their correlation with the d-band center theory. We highlight the main approaches for strain induction, such as orbital symmetry matching, antibonding state occupancy, charge redistribution, and adsorbate-induced surface relaxation. We further summarize quantitative relationships between strain and catalytic activity, including volcano plots, strain-ΔG* correlations, and strain-TOF dependencies, distinguishing between compressive and tensile strain effects across various reactions such as HER, OER, ORR, CO2RR, and NRR. Special attention is given to how controlled strain optimizes intermediate adsorption energies in accordance with the Sabatier principle, thereby enhancing catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in controlling strain magnitude, stability, and scalability, and outline perspectives for integrating strain engineering with other design principles. This review establishes lattice strain as a unifying and predictive framework for rational catalyst design, paving the way for high-performance electrocatalysts in sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies.

晶格应变工程已经成为在原子尺度上调制电催化剂的电子和几何结构的一种强大而通用的策略。通过微调原子间距离和轨道相互作用,晶格应变直接影响吸附能量和反应动力学,为克服关键电化学过程的固有活性和稳定性限制提供了有效途径。本文系统地总结了晶格应变效应的基本原理,包括电子调制机制和几何调制机制以及它们与d波段中心理论的关系。我们重点介绍了应变诱导的主要方法,如轨道对称匹配、反键态占用、电荷重分配和吸附诱导的表面弛豫。我们进一步总结了应变和催化活性之间的定量关系,包括火山图,应变-ΔG*相关性和应变- tof依赖性,区分了各种反应(如HER, OER, ORR, CO2RR和NRR)中的压缩和拉伸应变效应。特别注意控制菌株如何根据萨巴蒂尔原理优化中间吸附能,从而提高催化活性、选择性和耐久性。最后,我们讨论了控制应变大小、稳定性和可扩展性方面的挑战,并概述了将应变工程与其他设计原则相结合的观点。本文建立了晶格应变作为合理设计催化剂的统一和预测框架,为可持续能量转换和存储技术中的高性能电催化剂铺平了道路。
{"title":"The role of lattice strain in advancing electrocatalytic performance: from mechanisms to practical applications.","authors":"Juan Luo, Jiaxin Tong, Haili Zhao, Xiaonian Zeng, Feng Liu, Haiyan Wu, Hao Cui, Pengfei Tan, Jun Pan","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04443j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04443j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lattice strain engineering has emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy for modulating the electronic and geometric structures of electrocatalysts at the atomic scale. By finely tuning interatomic distances and orbital interactions, lattice strain directly influences adsorption energetics and reaction kinetics, offering an effective pathway to overcome intrinsic activity and stability limitations in key electrochemical processes. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles of lattice strain effects, including electronic and geometric modulation mechanisms and their correlation with the d-band center theory. We highlight the main approaches for strain induction, such as orbital symmetry matching, antibonding state occupancy, charge redistribution, and adsorbate-induced surface relaxation. We further summarize quantitative relationships between strain and catalytic activity, including volcano plots, strain-Δ<i>G</i>* correlations, and strain-TOF dependencies, distinguishing between compressive and tensile strain effects across various reactions such as HER, OER, ORR, CO<sub>2</sub>RR, and NRR. Special attention is given to how controlled strain optimizes intermediate adsorption energies in accordance with the Sabatier principle, thereby enhancing catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in controlling strain magnitude, stability, and scalability, and outline perspectives for integrating strain engineering with other design principles. This review establishes lattice strain as a unifying and predictive framework for rational catalyst design, paving the way for high-performance electrocatalysts in sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanoindentation-induced subsurface phase engineering in oxide-capped silicon. 氧化盖硅纳米压痕诱导的亚表面相工程。
IF 6.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr04069h
Megha Sasidharan Nisha,Kiran Mangalampalli
The controlled formation of high-pressure silicon polymorphs beneath an oxide layer offers a new paradigm for subsurface phase engineering. We systematically compared sharp Berkovich and spherical nanoindentation on 285 nm SiO2-capped Si(100) using Raman spectroscopy and cross-sectional electron microscopy to reveal how contact geometry and oxide constraint govern phase transformation. Sharp indentation initiates R8 (rhombohedral)/BC8 (body-centered-cubic) phase formation at low loads (42 mN), but the high stress concentration promotes early oxide fracture and radial cracking, limiting the continuous crystalline volume. In contrast, spherical indentation delays observable transformation until ∼92 mN, distributing stress more uniformly. Crucially, we identify a "critical loading window" for optimization. While moderate spherical loads (∼200 mN) facilitate highly ordered crystalline recovery with intact interfaces, excessive loads (∼500 mN) exceed the oxide's confinement capacity, favoring collapse into a disordered amorphous state and localized fracture due to the significant volumetric expansion of the intermediate β-Sn phase. Our results confirm that the oxide modulates stress-relaxation kinetics without altering the fundamental 11-12 GPa transformation threshold. These findings explicitly define the operational limits for dielectric confinement, providing a versatile pathway for engineering subsurface crystalline phases with enhanced carrier mobility and sub-bandgap optical absorption for next-generation silicon photonic and sensing platforms.
氧化层下高压硅多晶的可控形成为地下相工程提供了新的范例。我们使用拉曼光谱和横截面电子显微镜系统地比较了285 nm二氧化硅覆盖的Si(100)上的尖锐Berkovich和球形纳米压痕,以揭示接触几何形状和氧化物约束如何影响相变。在低载荷(42 mN)下,尖锐的压痕会形成R8(菱形体)/BC8(体心立方)相,但高应力浓度会促进早期氧化物断裂和径向开裂,限制了连续结晶体积。相比之下,球形压痕将可观察到的转变延迟到~ 92 mN,使应力分布更均匀。至关重要的是,我们确定了一个“关键加载窗口”进行优化。虽然适度的球形载荷(~ 200 mN)有利于高度有序的晶体恢复和完整的界面,但过量的载荷(~ 500 mN)超过了氧化物的约束能力,有利于崩溃成无序的非晶态和局部断裂,因为中间β-Sn相的显著体积膨胀。我们的研究结果证实,氧化物在不改变基本的11-12 GPa转变阈值的情况下调节应力松弛动力学。这些发现明确地定义了介电约束的操作极限,为下一代硅光子和传感平台提供了一种具有增强载流子迁移率和亚带隙光吸收的工程亚表面晶体相的通用途径。
{"title":"Nanoindentation-induced subsurface phase engineering in oxide-capped silicon.","authors":"Megha Sasidharan Nisha,Kiran Mangalampalli","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04069h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04069h","url":null,"abstract":"The controlled formation of high-pressure silicon polymorphs beneath an oxide layer offers a new paradigm for subsurface phase engineering. We systematically compared sharp Berkovich and spherical nanoindentation on 285 nm SiO2-capped Si(100) using Raman spectroscopy and cross-sectional electron microscopy to reveal how contact geometry and oxide constraint govern phase transformation. Sharp indentation initiates R8 (rhombohedral)/BC8 (body-centered-cubic) phase formation at low loads (42 mN), but the high stress concentration promotes early oxide fracture and radial cracking, limiting the continuous crystalline volume. In contrast, spherical indentation delays observable transformation until ∼92 mN, distributing stress more uniformly. Crucially, we identify a \"critical loading window\" for optimization. While moderate spherical loads (∼200 mN) facilitate highly ordered crystalline recovery with intact interfaces, excessive loads (∼500 mN) exceed the oxide's confinement capacity, favoring collapse into a disordered amorphous state and localized fracture due to the significant volumetric expansion of the intermediate β-Sn phase. Our results confirm that the oxide modulates stress-relaxation kinetics without altering the fundamental 11-12 GPa transformation threshold. These findings explicitly define the operational limits for dielectric confinement, providing a versatile pathway for engineering subsurface crystalline phases with enhanced carrier mobility and sub-bandgap optical absorption for next-generation silicon photonic and sensing platforms.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Nanoscale
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1